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专题06议论文专练二1.（2022·山东淄博·校联考二模）Cominguponaclear-cutinanoldforestisashockingexperience.Teeslargeandsmallarecollapsedoneabovetheoth

erinpile,andthegroundiscoveredwiththetracksofheavymachinery.SuchwasthescenewhenforestactivistZackPorterandIhikedanewlybuiltlogging(伐木)roadinGreenM

ountainNationalForest.Clear-cuttingintheAmericanforestshaslongbeenwidespread.Butnow,theForestHabitatC

reationProjectrepresentsnewreasoningwhichishotlydebated-thatclear-cuttingbenefitsnativecreatures.Thethinkingisthatclear-cuttingdonewiselycan

mimicnaturaldisturbances,forexample,frominsectinvasionsorfromstormsoverturningoldertreesthatproducewhatecologistscallEarlySuc

cessionalHabitats-placeswhereyoungtreesandbushesgettheupperhandandanimalsthatdependonsuchhabitatthrive.Theprojectalsostatesthatfores

ts“canonlybesavedbybeingdestroyed”-bykeepingthemyoung.Timber(木材)interestsareenthusiasticabouttheapproachbecauseitletsthemprofitfromcuttingtreeswhil

eclaimingthesignificanceofconservation.Huntinggroupsfavoritbecauseayounger,lessthickforestmakesiteasiertofindthega

meandbirdsthey'retracking.Nevertheless,Portersays,“AllowingsomeoftheoldeststandingtreesinNewEnglandtobe

removedisequaltoderelictionofdutyonthepartofthegovernment,whoseestheforestsascommodities(商品).”“Forestscanpr

oducecleanwater,cleanair,carbonstorage,andbiodiversitythatweneed,”hecontinuesaswewalkamonglovelymixedha

rdwoodsandevergreensthatarecutdownforlogging.“Weshouldn'tberemovingthemforshort-termgain.”Inthissense,ZackPorter'sd

escriptionofloggingforwildlifeforshort-termgain-theshort-termgainoffavoringhabitatforspeciespeopletodaywanttoseeandhunt-isreason

able.1．Howdoestheauthorstartthetext?A．Bypresentingsomeideas.B．Bylistingsomeevidence.C．Bycomparingdifferentviews.D．Bystatinghisownexp

erience.2．WhichargumentdoestheForestHabitatCreationProjecthold?A．Profitscanbemadefromlogging.B．Clear-cuttingisbeneficialtothewildlife.C．Theconse

rvationofforestisofsignificance.D．Clear-cuttingcancausenaturaldisturbances.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dereliction”meaninparagraph4?A．Fulfillment.

B．Promise.C．Misconduct.D．Exposure.4．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ANewApproachtoForestProtectionB．AHikingExp

erienceintheLoggingRoadC．HowtoBuildEarlySuccessionalHabitats?D．IsClear-cuttingForestsGoodforWildlife?【答案】1．D2．B3．C4．

D【导语】这是一篇议论文。短文讨论了砍伐森林对野生动物有好处吗？1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Cominguponaclear-cutinanoldforestisashockingexperience.Teeslargeandsmal

larecollapsedoneabovetheotherinpile,andthegroundiscoveredwiththetracksofheavymachinery.SuchwasthescenewhenforestactivistZackPorterandIhi

kedanewlybuiltlogging(伐木)roadinGreenMountainNationalForest.”(在古老的森林里偶然发现一片被砍伐的空地是一种令人震惊的经历。大大小小的t座一个接一个地堆在一起，地面上布满了重型机械的履带。森林活动家扎克·波特

(ZackPorter)和我在绿山国家森林(GreenMountainNationalforest)新修建的伐木公路上徒步旅行时，看到了这样的一幕。)可知，作者通过叙述自己的经历开始文章的。故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Butnow,theForestHabitat

CreationProjectrepresentsnewreasoningwhichishotlydebated-thatclear-cuttingbenefitsnativecreatures.”(但是现

在，“森林栖息地创造项目”代表了一个被热烈讨论的新理由——砍伐森林对本土生物有利。)可知，“森林栖息地创建项目”认为伐木对野生动物是有益的。故选B项。3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Forestscanproducecleanwater,cleanair,carbonstorage

,andbiodiversitythatweneed,”hecontinuesaswewalkamonglovelymixedhardwoodsandevergreensthatarecutdownforloggi

ng.“Weshouldn'tberemovingthemforshort-termgain.”(森林可以产生我们需要的清洁水、清洁空气、碳储存和生物多样性，”当我们走在被砍伐的可爱的阔叶林和常青树之间时，他继续说道。“我们不应该为了短期

利益而移除它们。)可知，波特反对砍树，所以允许一些新英格兰最古老的现存树木被移除，等于是政府的失职。所以划线词的意思是“失职”。故选C项。4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Butnow,theForestHabitatCreationP

rojectrepresentsnewreasoningwhichishotlydebated-thatclear-cuttingbenefitsnativecreatures.”(但是现在，“森林栖息地创造项目”代表了一个被热烈讨论的新理由——

砍伐森林对本土生物有利。)根据第四段“Nevertheless,Portersays,“AllowingsomeoftheoldeststandingtreesinNewEnglandtoberemove

disequaltoderelictionofdutyonthepartofthegovernment,whoseestheforestsascommodities(商品).”(然而，波特说，“允许一些新英格兰最古老的现存树木被移除，等于是政府的失职，政府将森林视为商品。)可知，短文介

绍了砍伐森林对野生动物有没有好处的问题。所以短文的最佳标题为“砍伐森林对野生动物有好处吗？”故选D项。2.（2022·福建泉州·统考一模）Peopletodayarenotunfamiliarwithtermsuchas"goingeco-friendly"and"sustainablelifes

tyle".However,thereexistsagroupofsceptics（怀疑论者）whobelievethatgoingeco-friendlyismerelyafad（一时的风尚）.Idisagreewiththisviewpoint,Goingeco-friendlyisnotme

relyafadanditdoes,infact,changethebeliefsandattitudesofpeople.Thelong-termpresenceofenvironmentalorganisationsshowstheeffortsthatpeopleh

avemadetowardsgoingeco-friendly.OrganisationssuchasWorldWildlifeFundadvocatepeopletogoeco-friendly.Thehighinvolvementoftheorganisationsandth

eparticipantsisthusastrongindicatorthatgoingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafadbutatrendthatcanlastdecades.Anotherstrongindicatori

stheemergenceofsustainableproductsinmanyindustries,suchasorganicproduceandelectricvehicles.Theconsumerdema

nd,coupledwitheco-conscious（环保意识的）businesses,isbehindthesharpincreaseinsuchproducts.Thisshowsashiftinthebeli

efsandattitudesofpeopletowardsadoptingasustainablelifestyle.Thus,itseemsquitecertainthatgoingeco-frien

dlyisnotmerelyafad.Whilesomepeoplewhobroadcasttheireco-friendlypracticesarecriticisedforjusthopingtoprojectanec

o-consciousimage,thereareanumberofcelebritieswhohavebeenpractisingthezero-wastelifestyleforyears.Forthosewhodosoforyears,andnotmeredaysorm

onths,itisindeedacommitmentthatcanonlycomewithatruechangeinbeliefsandattitudestowardscaringfortheearth.Thecall

tosavetheearthlookssettostay.Withthedevelopmentoftechnologyandtheappearanceofmanyplatformsadvocatinggoinggree

n,peoplearemorewillingtochangetheirbeliefsandattitudeswhentheycanlearnaboutandappreciatethepositiveimpactoftheworkofdifferentenvir

onmentalorganisationsandindividuals.Itishopedthattheseeffectswillgoalongwayinensuringthatourplanetwillrema

inasuitableplacetolivein.5．WhydoestheauthormentionWorldWildlifeFund?A．Toappreciateitsenvironmentalefforts.B

．Toencouragepeopletogoeco-friendly.C．Toevidencetheuniversalrecognitionofgoinggreen.D．Tohighlightthedifficultyinchangingpeople'sattitudes.6．Whatd

oestheunderlinedword"emergence"meaninparagraph3?A．Suddendisappearance.B．Sharpincrease.C．Gradualdevelopm

ent.D．Limitedapplication.7．Whatdoestheauthorexpectoftechnologydevelopment?A．Itmaydiscouragepeoplefromsustainablelifesty

le.B．Itmayboostthebusinessoforganicproduce.C．Itwillbeusedtoprojectaneco-consciousimage.D．Itwillpromo

teenvironmentalawareness.8．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?A．Toprovegoingeco-friendlyalastingtrend.B．Topopularizetheeco-friendlyp

roducts.C．Toofferstrategiestogoeco-friendly.D．Toadvertiseforeco-friendlyplatforms.【答案】5．C6．B7．D8．A【分析】这是一篇议论文。今天的人们对“环保”和“可持续生活方式”等术语并不陌生

。然而，也有一些怀疑论者认为环保只是一种时尚。作者不同意这种观点，作者认为环保不仅仅是一种时尚，它确实改变了人们的信仰和态度。环保是一种持久的趋势。5．推理判断题。根据第二段“OrganisationssuchasWorldWildlifeFundadvocatepe

opletogoeco-friendly.Thehighinvolvementoftheorganisationsandtheparticipantsisthusastrongindicatorthatgoing

eco-friendlyisnotmerelyafadbutatrendthatcanlastdecades.”（世界野生动物基金会等组织倡导人们走环保之路。因此，组织和参与者的高度参与是一个强有力的指标，表明环保不仅是一种

时尚，而且是一种可以持续几十年的趋势。）由此判断出，作者提到世界野生动物基金会是为了证明环保的普遍被认可。故选C项。6．词句猜测题。根据“suchasorganicproduceandelectricvehicles.”（如有机产

品和电动汽车）根据“Theconsumerdemand,coupledwitheco-conscious（环保意识的）businesses,isbehindthesharpincreaseinsuchproducts.”（消费者需求，加上有

环保意识的企业，是这类产品急剧增加的背后原因。）由此判断出，另一个强有力的指标是许多行业急剧增加了可持续产品。由此判断出划线词的意思是“急剧增加”。故选B项。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Withthedevelopmentoftechno

logyandtheappearanceofmanyplatformsadvocatinggoinggreen,peoplearemorewillingtochangetheirbeliefsandattitude

swhentheycanlearnaboutandappreciatethepositiveimpactoftheworkofdifferentenvironmentalorganisationsandindivid

uals.”（随着科技的发展，以及多个提倡环保的平台的出现，市民在认识和欣赏不同环保机构和个人的工作所带来的正面影响时，更愿意改变自己的信念和态度。）由此判断出，作者对技术发展的期望是它会促进环保意识。故选D项

。8．推理判断题。通读全文尤其是根据第一段“Idisagreewiththisviewpoint,Goingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafadanditdoes,infact,changethebeliefsandattitudesofpeople

.”（我不同意这种观点，环保不仅仅是一种时尚，它确实改变了人们的信仰和态度。）根据第二段“Thehighinvolvementoftheorganisationsandtheparticipantsisthusastrongindicatorthat

goingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafadbutatrendthatcanlastdecades”（因此，组织和参与者的高度参与是一个强有力的指标，表明环保不仅是一种时尚，而且是一种可以持续几十年的趋势。）以及下文从不同的角度证明了环保是一种持久的趋势。由此判断出，作者写此

短文的目的是证明环保是一种持久的趋势。故选A项。3.（2022秋·天津·高三天津市扶轮中学校考期末）IfIcouldgivetoday’syoungpeoplethreewishes,theywouldbe:Morehugs.Moretimeoutsideinnature

.Morebeliefintheirownpowertochangetheworld.Whilemostpeopleunderstandtheimportanceofthefirsttwowishes,th

ethirdoneleavessomefolkswonderingwhyyoungpeople’sbeliefintheirownpowerissoessential.Let’sstartwiththeideathatallofus-espe

ciallyyoungpeople-needheroes.Weneedthemtobeourguidesonthedifficulttrail(足迹)wecalllifeandtoshowusjusthowfarwecango.Andw

eneedheroestodaymorethanever.Ourmodernsocietyisterriblyconfusedaboutthedifferencebetweenacelebrity(名人)andahero.Andthediffere

nceisvital.Acelebrityisallaboutfame(名望)-temporary,superficialfame,usuallyforqualitiesthatareeasytosee:aprettyface,agreatdancemove.Ahero,bycontrast,i

saboutcharacter-qualitiesunderthesurfacethataren’tvisibleuntiltheytakeaction.Heroesareallaroundus.Theytrulyholdourworld

together,throughtheirunselfishdevotiontohelpingothers,teachingchildren,andprotectingtheenvironment.Theydon’twantfame,orglory;theyjustwantto

help.Insomanyways,theseunsungheroespilottheboatinwhichallofussail.Yet,youngpeoplehearalotmoreaboutcelebritiesth

anaboutheroesinthemedia.Thehiddenmessagetheygetfromallthisisthattheirself-worthcomesfromwhattheybuy-whichshoes,whichcellphone

-notwhotheyaredowninside.Whatgetslostinthis?Youngpeople’ssenseoftheirownpotentialforheroicqualities-theirownpowertomakeapositivediff

erenceintheworld.Truthis,thereisapotentialhero,afuturedifferencemaker,ineveryyoungperson.Eachofthem,from

whateverbackground,isapositiveforcewhocandosomething.Allittakesforthattobetrueisbelief.Howdowehelpyoungpeoplebelieveintheirownpower

?Thebestwayissimplytoshareexamples,ofotheryoungpeoplewhohavemadeadifference.Ryan,age11,hasworkedtirelesslytoraisemoneytoprovidecleandrinkingwatertoAf

ricanvillages.Whenhefirstheardabouttheplight(困苦)ofAfricanchildrenwhodiedfromimpurewater,Ryanwasonlysixyearsold.Int

henextfiveyears,heraisedover$500,000-enoughtobuildover70waterwells.Barbara,age17,grewuponafarminTexas.Whensherealizedthatlocalfarmerswerepo

uringtheirusedmotoroilintorivers,causingpollution,sheorganizedthecreationofarecyclingcenterforcrude(未加提炼的)oil.Herpr

ojecthasgrowntoinclude18recyclingcentersinTexas.Thelistcouldcontinue.Thesearebutafewexamplesofyoungpeoplewhohavedis

coveredthattheycanbuildontheirownenergytodosomethinggreat.9．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingParagraph2?A．Togivee

xamplesofcelebritiesandheroesaroundus.B．Todiscussthedifferencesbetweencelebritiesandheroes.C．Toprovidedef

initionsofthewords“celebrity”and“hero”.D．Toexplainthedetailsaboutbeingcelebritiesandheroes.10．Whatisthemeaningoftheword“

superficial”inParagraph2?A．Notknown.B．Unexpected.C．Undeveloped.D．Withoutdepth.11．WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph3?A．Heroesmaket

heworldgoround.B．Heroesmustbelieveinthemselves.C．Heroesfocusonsocialwelfareprograms.D．Heroespromotecooperationbetweenpeople.12．Howdoestheauthoradv

ancehisviewthatyoungpeoplehavethepotentialtobeahero?A．Bydefiningthequalitiesthatmakeayoungpersonahero.B．Bycontrastingtheachievemen

tsmadebydifferentyoungpeople.C．Bygivingexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoshowthequalitiesofahero.D．Byprovidingexamplesofqualitiesthathavemadeyoungp

eoplefamous.13．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Moreheroesareneededintheworld.B．Celebritiesarereportedtoomuchinthemedia

.C．Adultsshouldbecomerolemodelsforyoungpeople.D．Youngpeopleshouldbelieveintheirabilitytomakeadifference.【答案】9．B10．D11．

A12．C13．D【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过一些事例表明了年轻人相信自己改变世界的力量是多么的重要。9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段的“Ourmodernsocietyisterriblyconfusedaboutt

hedifferencebetweenacelebrity(名人)andahero.(我们的现代社会对于名人和英雄之间的区别非常困惑。)”可知，作者说出我们对“名人和英雄的区别”很困惑，所以接下来讲到了“Acelebri

tyisallaboutfame(名望)-temporary,superficialfame,usuallyforqualitiesthatareeasytosee:aprettyface,agreatdancemove.Ahero,bycontrast,isaboutchar

acter-qualitiesunderthesurfacethataren’tvisibleuntiltheytakeaction.(名人就是名声——暂时的、superfacial名声，通常是因为那些显而易见的品质:漂亮的脸蛋、出色的舞姿。相

比之下，英雄是指在他们采取行动之前才会显现出来的隐藏在表面之下的性格品质。)”，这是对这种区别的阐述，所以作者写第二段的目的是讨论名人与英雄的区别。故选B。10．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“usuallyforqua

litiesthatareeasytosee:aprettyface,agreatdancemove(通常是那些显而易见的品质：漂亮的脸蛋，很棒的舞步)”可知，名人所谓的名声是肤浅的，没有深度的，superficial的意思是“没有深度的”，

和withoutdepth意思相近，故选D。11．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Theytrulyholdourworldtogether,throughtheirunselfishdevotiontohelpingothers,teachingchil

dren,andprotectingtheenvironment.Theydon’twantfame,orglory;theyjustwanttohelp.Insomanyways,theseunsungheroespilottheboatinwhicha

llofussail.(他们无私地致力于帮助他人、教育孩子和保护环境，真正地将我们的世界团结在一起。他们不需要名声或荣耀；他们只是想帮忙。在许多方面，这些无名英雄为我们所有人的航船领航。)”可知，英雄在这个世界上发

挥着积极着作用，推动着世界积极的运转。故选A。12．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“Howdowehelpyoungpeoplebelieveintheirownpower?Thebestwayissimplytoshar

eexamples,ofotheryoungpeoplewhohavemadeadifference.(我们如何帮助年轻人相信自己的力量？最好的方法就是分享其他做出改变的年轻人的例子。)”可知，作者想用

分享年轻人用自己的力量做出有影响的事的例子，来论证自己的观点。接下来两段分别列举Ryan和Barbara两位年轻人的事例，来说明年轻人具有成为英雄的潜力。再根据最后一段“Thelistcouldcontinue.Thesearebutafewexamplesofyoungp

eoplewhohavediscoveredthattheycanbuildontheirownenergytodosomethinggreat.(这样的例子还有很多。这些只是年轻人发现自己可以利用自己的精力做一些伟大事情的几个例子。

)”可知，作者就是用举例的方式来进一步阐述自己观点。故选C。13．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的“Whilemostpeopleunderstandtheimportanceofthefirsttwowishes,thethirdoneleavessomefolkswonder

ingwhyyoungpeople’sbeliefintheirownpowerissoessential.(虽然大多数人都明白前两个愿望的重要性，但第三个愿望让一些人想知道，为什么年轻人相信自己的力量如此重要。)”和最后一段的“Thesearebutafe

wexamplesofyoungpeoplewhohavediscoveredthattheycanbuildontheirownenergytodosomethinggreat.(这些只是年轻人发现自己可以利用自己的精力做一些伟大事情的几个例子。)”可知，整篇文章讲的是年轻人应该相信自己有能力做

出有影响力有意义的事。故选D。4.（2022·全国·模拟预测）Rememberthetimewhensummerholidaysfeltreallylong?Buttheolderyougot,thefasterthedaysd

isappeareduntilmonthsandyearswentbywithoutyourealizingit.Sowhydoesthishappen?Severalexplanationshavebe

enputforwardtoexplainthisphenomenon.Thesimplestoftheseisthatittakeslongertoencodenewexperiencesthanfamiliarexperiences,andwhenyou’reyoun

g,allexperiencesarerelativelynew,sotimeseemstogoslower.Forexample,ifyouareafive-year-oldkid,thenthepasttwoyea

rsofyourliferepresent40%ofallthelifeyou’velivedandcanrecall.Butwhenyouarea50-year-oldadult,thenthepasttwoyearsrepresentonly4%ofallyour

recallablelife.So,forakid,twoyearsmightseemtolastforever,butforanadult,thosetwoyearsmightnotevenseemlongatall.Anothertheorypropose

dbyProfessorAdrianBejanisthatitisrelatedtothenumberofmentalimagesthebrainencountersandorganizesandthestateofourbrainsasweage.Whe

nwegetolder,therateatwhichchangesinmentalimagesareperceiveddecreasesbecauseofseveraltransformingphysicalfeatures

,includingvisionandbraincomplexity.Daysseemedtolastlongerinyouryouthbecausetheyoungmindreceivesmoreimagesduringonedaythanthesamemin

dinoldage.Justasahighernumberofframespersecondcangiveyouaslow-motionvideoonacamera,lifeseemstogoslowlywhenyou’reyoung,andju

stasalowernumberofframespersecondcangiveyouafast-motionvideo,lifeseemstohurrybywhenyou’reolder.Itisn’tjustagethat

changesourperception(感知)oftime.Everysingleoneofushasfeltthesecondsdragbywhenwe’reboredandthingsseemtomoveinslowmotionw

henwe’reinlife-threateningsituations.Butifwe’rehavingfun,timefliesbybeforeweknowit.14．Whatisthefunctionofthefirstsent

enceinparagraph1?A．Tointroducethemaintopic.B．Toaskreaders’opinions.C．Tosummarizethewholepassage.D．Todescrib

elongsummerholidays.15．WhatdoesAdrianBejanthinkperceivingtimehastodowith?A．Ouremotion’schanges.B．Ourbrain’sprocessingspeed.C．The

improvementofourlifequality.D．Theenrichmentofourlifeexperiences.16．Howdoestheauthorargueforhisopinion?A．Byaskingquestio

ns.B．Bylistingnumbers.C．Bymakingcomparisons.D．Byprovidingexamples.17．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowWePerceiveTimeWithAgeB．TimeSe

emstoSlowDownWithAgeC．WhyTimeGoesFasterasWeGrowOlderD．OurMoodDeterminesOurPerceptionofTime【答案】14．A15．B16．D17．C【导语】这是一篇议论文。为什么随着年龄的增长时间流逝得更快？本文

就为什么随着年龄的增长时间流逝得更快这一问题展开论述，文章给出了几种观点来解释这一问题。14．推理判断题。第一段的第一句“Rememberthetimewhensummerholidaysfeltreall

ylong?（还记得感觉暑假特别漫长的时候吗？）”，接着提出问题“Sowhydoesthishappen?（为什么随着年龄的增长时间流逝得更快？）”，所以第一句起到引出话题的作用。故选A项。15．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Day

sseemedtolastlongerinyouryouthbecausetheyoungmindreceivesmoreimagesduringonedaythanthesamemindinoldage.(年轻

时的日子似乎持续得更久，因为年轻时的头脑在一天内接收到的图像比老年时的同样的头脑要多。)”可知，阿德里安·贝让认为所感知到的时间的长短与大脑处理速度的快慢有关。故选B项。16．推理判断题。第三段举例论证为新的经历编码要比

为熟悉的经历编码花费更长的时间这一观点；第五段举例论证感知时间与大脑处理速度有关这一观点。所以文中提出的观点都是通过举例来论证的。故选D项。17．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据本文第一段中的“Buttheolderyougot,thefasterthedaysd

isappeareduntilmonthsandyearswentbywithoutyourealizingit.Sowhydoesthishappen?(但是随着年龄的增长，日子消失得越快，直到一年又一年过去，你自己都没有意识到。为什么会这样？)”可知，本文主要就为什么随着年龄的增长时间流

逝得更快这一问题展开论述。故C项“为什么随着年龄增长，时间过得更快”最适合作本文标题。故选C项。5.（2022·全国·一模）InJuly,AustralianartistMatthewGriffinhadhisworkPickle(《酸黄

瓜》)exhibitedataNewZealandgallery.TheworkismerelyapickletakenfromaMcDonald’sburger,stuckontothegallery’sceilingwithketchup(番茄酱)onit.Withapricetagof

NZ$10,000(about42,200yuan),itstartedanongoingdebate:Isthisart?Infact,thisisnottheonlystrangeartworkpeoplehavese

eninrecentyears.In2019,ItalianartistMaurizioCattelan’sworkComedianfeaturedastore-boughtbananawithducttape(强力胶).Farbeforethat,ArtistRogiervand

erZwangused3Danimationinsteadofpaintingmaterialstomakevisualrainbow.Thesetrendsbringusbacktotheclassicdiscussiononhowtounderstandart

.AsBritisharthistorianErnstGombrichfamouslyputit,“Therereallyisnosuchthingasart.Thereareonlyartists.”Artisapersonalexpression;ultimate

lyitsagencyiscreatedbytheartist.Aseacheracultivatesitsuniqueartists,theprivatemessageanartworkconveyscanconnectwith

everyindividualacrosstime.Greatartistsfromthepasttothepresentallenjoybothfameandcriticism.Thewaytheyappealtocertainaudiencesandencourageawidera

ngeofdebatesandinterpretationsisexactlythecharmofart.Opponentsmayholdthatdespitetheartist’srighttocreate,itisnotuptotheartisttodetermineifap

ieceofworkisconsideredart.Itistruethatweseeonlytheleftoverofacheeseburger.ThereisnorealtechniqueinGriffin’sPickle.However,t

hisisalsowhereitisopentointerpretation:Forsome,thepickleseemsmeaninglessandartificial;forsome,thepicklecanbeacommercialandculturalsymbo

l.Thereisundoubtedlyaninnovationof“form”.Itshowstheartist’sexplorationofthevehicleofart.Thesliceofpicklecanbeseenasasymbol.

Theketchupplaysaninfluenceonthecolors,withthesurroundingwhitewallbeinganothervehicleforexpression.Aftera

ll,artwelcomesvariousresponses,whichexplainswhyviewingartissuchanengagingexperience.Inaword,weshouldalwayskeepanopenmindtowardanyembodiment(化身)of

art.18．WhatdoweknowabouttheworkPickle?A．It’smadeonthegallery’sceiling.B．Itisassimpleasthebananawork.C．People’s

opinionsvaryonthework.D．Peoplethinkit’snotworththemoney.19．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoparagra

ph3?A．Artcanconnectwithpeopleeasily.B．Artistsarealwaysadmiredbypeople.C．Theinterpretationofartiscritical.D．Theundersta

ndingofartissubjective.20．What’stheauthor’sattitudetotheworkPickle?A．ObjectiveB．OpposedC．FavorableD．Indif

ferent21．Accordingtothispassage,artcanbebestdescribedas______.A．connectivebutunrealB．charmingbutuntouchableC．abstractbute

ngagingD．appealingbutcontroversial【答案】18．C19．D20．A21．D【导语】这是一篇议论文。讲述了澳大利亚艺术家马修·格里芬(MatthewGriffin)的作品《泡菜》，只是从麦当劳汉堡上取下的腌黄瓜，粘在画廊的天花板

上，上面涂着番茄酱。它的标价为1万新西兰元(约合4.22万元人民币)。由此引发了一场持续的关于艺术的争论。18．推理判断题。根据第三段“Artisapersonalexpression;ultimate

lyitsagencyiscreatedbytheartist.Aseacheracultivatesitsuniqueartists,theprivatemessageanartworkconveyscanconnectwitheveryindividualacrosstime

.(艺术是一种个人的表达；最终它的表达是由艺术家创造的。每个时代都有自己独特的艺术家，艺术品所传达的私人信息可以跨越时间与每个人联系在一起)”可知，有人认可Pickle这种作品；第四段“Opponentsmayholdthatdespitetheartist’srighttocreate,

itisnotuptotheartisttodetermineifapieceofworkisconsideredart.Itistruethatweseeonlytheleftoverofacheeseburger.Thereisnorealtechniquein

Griffin’sPickle.However,thisisalsowhereitisopentointerpretation:Forsome,thepickleseemsmeaninglessandartificial;forsome,thepicklecanbeacommerci

alandculturalsymbol.(反对者可能会认为，尽管艺术家有创作的权利，但艺术家无权决定一件作品是否被视为艺术。的确，我们只看到了芝士汉堡的残留。《格里芬的泡菜》里没有什么真正的技巧。然而，这也是它可以被解释的地方：对一些人来说，泡菜似乎毫无意义和做作；对一些人来说，泡菜可能是

一种商业和文化的象征)”可知，人们对这幅作品的看法是不同的，有褒有贬。故选C项。19．细节理解题。根据第三段“Artisapersonalexpression;ultimatelyitsagencyiscreate

dbytheartist.(艺术是一种个人的表达；最终它的表达是由艺术家创造的)”可知，对于艺术的理解是带有个人色彩的，是很主观的。故选D项。20．推理判断题。综合全文，作者客观的陈述了人们对于Pickle及此类作品有的认可，有的否定，并在最后两段“Afte

rall,artwelcomesvariousresponses,whichexplainswhyviewingartissuchanengagingexperience.(毕竟，艺术欢迎各种各样的反应，这就解释了为什么观看艺术是一种如此吸引人的体验)”及“Inawo

rd,weshouldalwayskeepanopenmindtowardanyembodiment(化身)ofart.(总之，对于任何艺术的体现，我们都应该保持开放的心态)”，作者表示对于艺术我们要保持开放心态，并没有对这幅作品直接肯定或主观否定。所以作

者的态度是客观辩证的。故选A项。21．推理判断题。根据第三段末“Greatartistsfromthepasttothepresentallenjoybothfameandcriticism.Thewaytheyappealtocerta

inaudiencesandencourageawiderangeofdebatesandinterpretationsisexactlythecharmofart.(从过去到现在的伟大艺术家都享有声誉和批评。它们吸引特定观众的方式，鼓励广泛的辩论和解释，这正是艺术的魅力

)”及倒数第二段“Afterall,artwelcomesvariousresponses,whichexplainswhyviewingartissuchanengagingexperience.(毕竟，艺术欢迎各种各样的反应

，这就解释了为什么观看艺术是一种如此吸引人的体验)”可知，艺术是迷人的，也是引发争议的。故选D项。6.（2022·吉林·统考模拟预测）Nobusinesswouldwelcomebeingcomparedtogambli

ng(赌博).Yetthatiswhatishappeningtomakersofvideogames.Foryearsparentshavecomplainedthattheirchildrenare“addicted”totheirvideogamesandsmartphones.

Today,however,evenmoredoctorsareusingtheterm.OnJanuary1thisyear,“gamingdisorder”—inwhichgamesareplayeduncontrollably,despitecausingharm

—gainedrecognitionfromtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).Aregamesreallyaddictive?Psychologistshavedifferentopinions.Thosewhodon’tthinksosaythatthis

isjustanothermoralpanic.Similarwarningshavebeengivenabouttelevision,rock’n’roll,jazz,comicbooks,novelsandevencrosswordpuzzles,butitturnsou

tthattheyarenotasharmfulasexpected.However,supportersarguethatgamesdevelopershavethemotivationandthemeanstodesigntheirproductstomakethemextremely

attractive.Foronething,thebusiness-modelhaschanged.Intheolddaysgameswereboughtonceandforall.Butthesedays,gam

esarefreeandmoneyisearnedfrompurchasesofin-gamegoods,whichtiesplaytimedirectlytorevenue(收益).Foranother,games-makerscombinepsychologicaltheoryanddata,

whichhelpsthemmaximizetheplaytime.SmartphonesandmodernvideogamemachinesusetheirpermanentInternetconnectionstosendgameplaydatabacktodevelopers.Inth

iswayproductsareconstantlyadjustedtoencourageplayers’spending.Thebiggestspendersareknownas“whales”,atermthatorigi

natedincasinos(赌场).Thegamingindustryshouldrealizethat,intherealworld,ithasaproblem,andthatproblemisgrowing.Nowthatgamingaddictioncomeswi

thanofficialWHOrecognition,diagnoseswillbecomemorecommon.Anyway,beingputtogetherwithgamblinginthepublicmind,

whetheritisfairlyornot,willnotdotheindustryanygood.22．WhatdoweknowfromParagraph1?A．Itisnotsuitabletocomparevideo

gamestogambling.B．Parentscomplainabouttheirchildren’saddictiontogambling.C．Moredoctorsareagainsttheuseoftheterm“addicted”.D

．Gamingaddictionwasofficiallyrecognizedasadisease.23．Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“moralpanic”inParagraph2mean?A．Wrongjudgmentonhowharmful

somethingis.B．Troublecausedbysomeone’simmoralbehavior.C．Socialprogresscausedbyscienceandtechnology.D．Panicduetothegapbetwee

ntherichandthepoor.24．Whatdogamesdevelopersdotomakegamesattractive?A．Theydon’tchargeplayersforin-gamegoods.B．Theyadjustproductsbasedonreceivedda

ta.C．Theykeepplayers’videogamemachinesupdated.D．Theyrewardbigspenderswithauniquetitle.25．Inthelastparag

raph,theauthoraimsto______.A．offerasuggestionB．makeapredictionC．giveawarningD．putforwardasolution【答案】22．D

23．A24．B25．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章开篇提到世卫组织把游戏成瘾列为一种疾病，就“游戏真的会让人上瘾吗”这个问题，介绍了心理学家们给出的不同的观点，作者也对此发表了忠告。22．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“OnJanuary1thisyear

,‘gamingdisorder’—inwhichgamesareplayeduncontrollably,despitecausingharm—gainedrecognitionfromtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).(今年1月

1日，‘游戏障碍’（这病）得到了世界卫生组织的认可。‘游戏障碍’指的是尽管会造成伤害，但仍无法控制地玩游戏)”可知，游戏上瘾被权威机构WHO认定为疾病。故选D项。23．词句猜测题。根据前一句“Areg

amesreallyaddictive?Psychologistshavedifferentopinions.(游戏真的会让人上瘾吗？)”，划线词所在句“Thosewhodon’tthinksosaythatthisisj

ustanothermoralpanic.(那些不这么认为的人说，这只是又一次moralpanic。)”，其中another指代众多类似当中的另外一个，根据下一句“Similarwarningshavebeengivenabouttelevis

ion,rock’n’roll,jazz,comicbooks,novelsandevencrosswordpuzzles,butitturnsoutthattheyarenotasharmfulasexpected.(对于电视、摇滚乐

、爵士乐、漫画书、小说，甚至是填字游戏，人们也给出了类似的警告，但事实证明，它们并没有人们想象的那么有害。)”可知，当以上提及的电视、摇滚乐等出现在人们视野的时候，人们都认为它们对人类是有害的，并因此发出要抵制这些东西的警告，但是事实证明它们没有

预想的那么有害，属于一场虚惊，只不过是人们的moralpanic，可表达为“道德恐慌”，与A项“Wrongjudgmentonhowharmfulsomethingis.(对某物危害性的错误判断。)”。故选A项。24．细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句

“However,supportersarguethatgamesdevelopershavethemotivationandthemeanstodesigntheirproductstomakethemextremelyattractive.(然而，

支持者认为，游戏开发者有动机和手段来设计他们的产品，使其具有极大的吸引力。)”，以及第五、六、七句“Foranother,games-makerscombinepsychologicaltheoryan

ddata,whichhelpsthemmaximizetheplaytime.SmartphonesandmodernvideogamemachinesusetheirpermanentInternetc

onnectionstosendgameplaydatabacktodevelopers.Inthiswayproductsareconstantlyadjustedtoencourageplayers’spending.(另一方面，游戏开发者将心理学理论和数据结合起来，这有助于他们

最大化游戏时间。智能手机和现代电子游戏机使用它们的永久互联网连接将游戏玩法数据传回给开发者。通过这种方式，游戏会不断调整产品以鼓励玩家消费。)”可知，游戏开发者不但掌握游戏者心理，还实时掌握着游戏者的游戏数据，并根据这些数据对游戏进行调整，使游戏有新鲜感，使游

戏者玩得停不下手。故选B项。25．推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句“Thegamingindustryshouldrealizethat,intherealworld,ithasaproblem,andthatproblemisgrowing.(游戏行业应该意识到，在现实世界中，它存在

一个问题，而且这个问题正在加剧。)”，以及最后一句“Anyway,beingputtogetherwithgamblinginthepublicmind,whetheritisfairlyornot,willn

otdotheindustryanygood.(无论如何，在公众的心目中与赌博放在一起，无论公平与否，都不会给这个行业带来任何好处。)”可推知，作者在最后一段中向游戏业发出了警示：在现实世界中，游戏行业有着持续的问题，且人们将它与赌博业相提并论，这对这个行业发展无益。故选C项。7

.（2022·广东·一模）Intheautumnof1853ThomasButlerGunngotlost—temporarilyratherthanphysically.OnavisittoMammothCaveinKentucky,andisolatedfr

omtheoutsideworld,hisdiaryquicklydivorcedthetimeorderofreality.Wednesdaysarerepeatedanddaysgomislabelled.Ittook

aroundafortnight,andrenewedcontactwithcivilization,forGunntorestorehisweeklybearings.Theepisode(经历),saysDavidHenkin,suggestshowfrag

ileasenseoftimecanbe—especiallywhenitcomestoweeks.Unlikemonthsoryears,theseseven-daygroupingshavenorealbasisinastronomy.Peoplef

romNigeriatoChinahavelivedwellwithoutthem.Andyettheweekhasbecomethemeasurenotonlyofroutine,butevenofwisdom.“Weeklyrhythmshavebecomesot

horoughlyabsorbedintoordinaryhumanexperience,”MrHenkinwrites,“thatforgettingwhatdayitisconstitutesasingularsymptom

andfeelingofdisorientation(迷失方向).”Hisnewbookshowshowtheweekcametoruletheworld.Butwhennewspapers,factoryschedulesandwee

klypaydayswereallrarer,theweeklystructurewaslessimportant.Peoplegotconfused.Aslateas1866,theLouisvilleCouriermentionedamangettingd

runkonFridaybecausehethoughtitwasSaturday.Astownsgrewandsocietybecamemorecomplicated,citizens“becamedifferentlyandmoreintenselyweek-orie

nted,inwayswecannowrecognizeasmodern”.WhenhislocalcharitymetonWednesdaysin1859,andchoralconcertswerescheduledforFridays,JamesFiskeofMa

ssachusettscouldn’taffordtomixuphisdays.Japanformallyadoptedtheseven-daysystemonlyin1873;allthesame,acharacterin

anovelbyHarukiMurakamiisassureofsomething“asIamsurethattodayisWednesday”.26．WhatisthefunctionofParag

raph1?A．Tointroducethetopic.B．Toclarifyaconcept.C．Torecordsomeexperience.D．Tomakeaprediction.27．Whycanasenseofweekbesofragile?A．Becauseitdoesruleth

eworld.B．Becauseitistightlyrelatedtoreality.C．Becauseitisnotusedveryoften.D．Becauseitisnotbasedonastronomy.28．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlyt

alkabout?A．Theinfluenceofabusingtheweek.B．Thechangeofweeklyrhythms.C．Thedisadvantageofusingtheweekless.D．Theimportanceofchangingtheweeklystructure.

29．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheuseoftheweek?A．Positive.B．Intolerant.C．Negative.D．Unclear.【答案】2

6．A27．D28．C29．A【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲了周概念的普及其带来的优势，以及周概念的淡化引起的误解，并在字里行间表达了作者的观点。26．推理判断题。根据下文内容，尤其第二段的“Theepisode(经历),saysDavidHenkin,sugge

stshowfragileasenseoftimecanbe—especiallywhenitcomestoweeks.Unlikemonthsoryears,theseseven-daygroupingshavenorealbasisina

stronomy.(大卫·亨金说，这一事件表明，时间观念是多么脆弱——尤其是当涉及到几周的时候。不像月或年，这些7天的分组在天文学上没有真正的基础)”和第三段的“Andyettheweekhasbecomethemeas

urenotonlyofroutine,butevenofwisdom.(然而，这周不仅成为衡量日常生活的标准，甚至成为衡量智慧的标准)”可知，下文陈述了与“周”这个概念有关的内容。由此推知，第一段通过讲述一个故事导入本文的主题——周概念。故选A。27．细节理解题。根据第二段的“

Theepisode(经历),saysDavidHenkin,suggestshowfragileasenseoftimecanbe—especiallywhenitcomestoweeks.Unlikemonthsoryears,thesese

ven-daygroupingshavenorealbasisinastronomy.(大卫·亨金说，这一事件表明，时间观念是多么脆弱——尤其是当涉及到几周的时候。不像月或年，这些7天的分组在天文学上没有真正的基础)”可知，周的感觉很脆弱是因为这七天分组在天文学上没有真正的基础。故

选D。28．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Butwhennewspapers,factoryschedulesandweeklypaydayswereallrarer,theweeklystructurewaslessimportant.Peoplegotconfused.Aslate

as1866,theLouisvilleCouriermentionedamangettingdrunkonFridaybecausehethoughtitwasSaturday.(但当报纸、工厂时间表和每周发薪日都比较少时，每周结构就不那么重要了。人们感到困惑。直到1866年，《

路易斯维尔信使报》还提到一名男子星期五喝醉了，因为他以为那是星期六)”可知，本段主要讲述了“周”的使用变少导致人们困惑，即少使用“周”造成的不便。故选C。29．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Andyettheweekhasbecomethemeasurenotonlyo

froutine,butevenofwisdom.(然而，这周不仅成为衡量日常生活的标准，甚至成为衡量智慧的标准)”，和第四段陈述少使用“周”造成的不便，以及最后一段的“Astownsgrewandsocietybecamemorecomplicated,citizens“be

camedifferentlyandmoreintenselyweek-oriented,inwayswecannowrecognizeasmodern”.(随着城镇的发展和社会变得更加复杂，公民‘变得不同，更加注重周，以我们现在可以认识到的

现代方式’)”推知，作者对“周”的使用持积极态度。故选A。8.（2022·浙江杭州·校联考模拟预测）In2007,agroupofresearchersbegantestingaconceptthatseems,atfirstblus

h,asifitwouldneverneedtesting:whethermorehappinessisalwaysbetterthanless.Theresearchersaskedcollegestudentstoratet

heirfeelingsfrom“unhappy”to“veryhappy”andcomparedtheresultswithacademicandsocialoutcomes.Thoughthe“veryh

appy”participantshadthebestsociallives,theyperformedworseinschoolthanthosewhoweremerely“happy.”Aswitheverything

inlife,happinesshasitstrade-offs.Itmaygiveyoualifethatyoufindyoudon’twant,oneinwhichyoudon’treachyourfullpotential,you’rereluctanttot

akerisks,andyouchooseshort-livedpleasuresoverchallengingexperiencesthatgivelifemeaning.Thewaytounderstandth

estudyaboveisnottodenythathappinessisgood;rather,itistorememberthatalittlebitofunhappinesshasbenefits.TheauthorEmmyGutarguedin1989th

atsomedepressivesymptomscanbeafunctionalresponsetoproblemsintheenvironment,leadingustopayappropriateattentionandcomeupwithsolutions.Inotherwords,

whenwearesadaboutsomething,wemaybemorelikelytofixit.Psychologistscallthisthe“analyticalruminationhypothesis”

.Obviously,thisisnottoarguethatclinicaldepressionisgood—miserycanquicklymakepeopleincapableofsolvingproblems.Rather,theanalyt

icalruminationhypothesisisevidencethatgettingridofbadfeelingsdoesnotnecessarilymakeusmoreeffectiveino

urtasks.Andiftheseemotionscanhelpusassessthreats,itstandstoreasonthattoomuchgoodfeelingcanleadustodisregardthem.Theliteratureonsubstanceusesuggests

thatthisisso:Insomepeople,veryhighdegreesofpositiveemotionhavebeenconnectedtodangerousbehaviorssuchasalcoholanddruguseandbinge

eating.Sothoughsufferingshouldneverbeanyone’sgoal,eachofuscanfightforarichlifeinwhichwenotonlyseekthesunshineb

utfullyexperiencetherainthatunavoidablyfallsaswell.30．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthe2007studyabouthappiness?A．Morehap

pinessisalwaysbetter.B．Fullhappinessisnottotallybeneficial.C．Peopleshouldavoidhappinesstoleadameaningfullife.D．Veryhappysubjectsperformbett

erthanmerelyhappyones.31．Whatdoweknowaboutanalyticalruminationhypothesis?A．Peoplewhoaresadarenotlikelytotakerisks.B．Badfeelingslikedepressionmigh

thelpsolveproblems.C．Peoplewithdepressivesymptomstendtoignorethreats.D．Clinicaldepressioncanleadtoeffectivetaskperforman

ce.32．Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorprobablyagree?A．Weshouldavoidgoodfeelings.B．Ariskylifeisgoingtobringdisappointment.C．Happinessitselfwouldlos

eitsmeaningwithoutmisfortune.D．Disliketohappinesscanleadustoabandonameaningfullife.【答案】30．B31．B32．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是适

当的不开心可以提高人解决问题的能力。30．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Thoughthe“veryhappy”participantshadthebestsociallives,theyperformedworseinschooltha

nthosewhoweremerely“happy.”(尽管“非常快乐”的参与者有最好的社交生活，但他们在学校的表现比那些仅仅“快乐”的参与者更差。)”可知，从2007年关于幸福的研究中我们可以得出完全的快乐并不完全有益。故选

B。31．细节理解题。根据第三段的“TheauthorEmmyGutarguedin1989thatsomedepressivesymptomscanbeafunctionalresponsetoproblemsintheenvironment,leadingustopayappropriat

eattentionandcomeupwithsolutions.Inotherwords,whenwearesadaboutsomething,wemaybemorelikelytofixit.(作者Em

myGut在1989年提出，一些抑郁症状可能是对环境问题的功能性反应，引导我们给予适当的关注，并提出解决方案。换句话说，当我们对某件事感到难过时，我们可能更有可能去解决它。)”可知，像抑郁这样的坏感觉可能有助于解决问题。故选B。32．推理判

断题。根据最后一段的“Sothoughsufferingshouldneverbeanyone’sgoal,eachofuscanfightforarichlifeinwhichwenotonlyseekthesunshinebutfullyexperiencetherainthatuna

voidablyfallsaswell.(因此，虽然苦难不应该是任何人的目标，我们每个人都可以争取丰富的生活，我们不仅寻求阳光，但充分体验不可避免地落下的雨。)”可知，作者可能会同意没有不幸，快乐本身也会失去意义。故选

C。9.（2022·浙江·浙江省淳安中学校联考三模）Youmighttryspendingabout15minutesoutontheWebgatheringexperts’predictionsaboutwhatliesinthepoliticalfuture.Youarelikelytof

indadiversityofopinionsoneveryissue.So,whoshouldyoubelieve?Accordingtoalong-termstudyconductedbypsychologistPhilipTetlock,thesafestansweristh

atyoushouldn’tbelieveanyone.Let’sseewhy.Tostudythecollectivewisdomofexperts,Tetlockrecruitedasampleof284indivi

dualswhohadstrongqualificationsformakingpoliticalpredictionswithrespecttocertaincountriesorregionsoftheworld.Heaskedindividualstomakepredictionsofth

issort:“Howlikelyisitthatafterthenextelection,thepartythatcurrentlyhasthemostrepresentativesinthelegislative(立

法的)branchofgovernmentwillkeepthisstatus...willlosethisstatus,orwillstrengthenthisposition?”Thequestionsweremadeconcretefordifferentcountriesandre

gions.Becausetherewerethreeoptionsforeachquestion,participantsshouldhavebeenrightonethirdofthetimejustbychance.Iftheyhadtrueexpertise,t

heyshouldhavebeenrightmuchmoreoftenthanthat.Buttheyweren’t.Infact,insomecomparisonsexpertsdidworsethanchance.Ifexpertsperformsopoorlyinth

eirpredictions,whydoesanyonestilllistentothem?Becauseofexperts’confidenceandfame.Besides,themediararelytracksdowntheexpertwhomadet

heconfidentpredictionevenifexpertsaren’tgenerallyheldresponsiblefortheirpredictions.Here’sasafeconclusionfromTetlock’sresearch:Withregardtopoliti

cs,noonecanroutinelypredictthefuture.Somepeopledoabitbetterthanothers,butyoucan’tusetheirconfidenceorfametoknowwhothosepe

opleare.Still,it’simportanttonotethatthisresearchisaboutaparticulartypeofexpertandaparticulartypeofprediction.You

shouldn’tdiscountallexperts.Forexample,whenyouconsultmedicaldoctors,theyshouldbeabletomaketheirpredictionsbasedonyearsofeducationandpriorexperience

.Also,theyareregularlyheldresponsiblefortheaccuracyofthosepredictions!33．What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Tointroducetheto

picofthepassage.B．Tointroduceawayofdoingtheresearch.C．Toattracttheinterestofthereaders.D．Togivethepurposeofwritingthepassage.34．Whatmightbethepu

rposeofgivingparticipantsthreeoptionsforeachprediction?A．Toshowtheimportanceofthestudy.B．Toindicateexpertsdi

dworsethanchance.C．Torevealexpertsarerightonethirdofthetime.D．Tocompareparticipants’predictingaccuracywithchance.35．Whichofthefollow

ingagreeswithTetlock’sideas?A．Expertsmustberesponsiblefortheirprediction.B．Theopinionsofpoliticalexp

ertsmattertothemedia.C．Experts’confidenceandfametellusalotaboutwhotheyare.D．Medicalexpertsaregenerallyreliableintheirmedicalpredict

ion.36．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Canmedicalexpertspredictthefuture?B．Canpoliticalexpertspredictthefutu

re?C．Howshouldyoujudgepoliticalexperts?D．Howpoliticalexpertspredictthefuture?【答案】33．A34．D35．D36．B【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要以泰洛克的一项研究阐述了政治

专家不能预测政治未来走向。33．推理判断题。第一段的第一句“Youmighttryspendingabout15minutesoutontheWebgatheringexperts’predictionsaboutwhatliesinthepolitic

alfuture.”（你也许想要花15分钟上网搜集专家对于政治未来走向的预测。）点出了一个现象，即有些人想要通过政治专家的预测来了解政治未来走向。接着，就着这一现象进行设问：“So,whoshouldyoubelieve?Accordingtoalong-termstudyconductedb

ypsychologistPhilipTetlock,thesafestansweristhatyoushouldn’tbelieveanyone.”（那么，你应该相信谁呢？根据心理学家菲利普·泰洛克的一项长期研究，这个问题最安全的答案便是，你不应该相信任何人。）指出作者的观点：不应该相信政治专家

的政治预测，这便是文章的主题。所以第一段主要是引入文章的主题。故选A项。34．推理判断题。根据第三段的前两句“Becausetherewerethreeoptionsforeachquestion,par

ticipantsshouldhavebeenrightonethirdofthetimejustbychance.Iftheyhadtrueexpertise,theyshouldhavebeenrightmuchmor

eoftenthanthat.”（由于每个问题对应三个选项，所以按概率参与者只有三分之一的可能是对的。如果他们真是专家的话，那么他们的正确率会比三分之一还要高。）可知，每个预测对应三个选项，也就意味着每个预测按概率只有三分之一的可能性是正确的，而该研究是通过比较专家的正确率是否比概率

上的三分之一高来判断专家预测的准确度的，所以D项符合题意。故选D项。35．推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后三句“Youshouldn’tdiscountallexperts.Forexample,whenyouconsultmedicald

octors,theyshouldbeabletomaketheirpredictionsbasedonyearsofeducationandpriorexperience.Also,theyareregularlyheldresponsib

lefortheaccuracyofthosepredictions!”（你不应该低估所有的专家。比如，你咨询医生时，他们是能够基于多年教育和经验做出预测的。而且，他们通常要对预测是否准确负责的。）可知，泰洛克会认为医生在医学方面的预测一般是可靠的。故选D项

。36．主旨大意题。文章围绕“是否应该相信政治专家的预测”一点展开论述，首先，第一段提出观点：不应该相信政治专家的政治预测；第二、三段通过介绍泰洛克的实验来说明不该相信专家的政治预测的理由；第四段说明人们愿意相信专家的政治预测的原因；最

后一段总结泰洛克的研究。所以B项“政治专家是否能够预测政治未来走向？”最适合作为本文的标题。故选B项。10.（2022·江西·江西师大附中校考三模）WhenIsteppedintotheSamcheongParkLibr

aryinSeoul,Isawthefuture.Thesimplebuildinghadaniceselectionofbooksandacafewherereaderscouldenjoycoffeewhilegazingattheleavesouts

ide.Itwasspecificallydesignedwithoutanylatesttechnology.“What’ssoinnovative(创新的)aboutthat?”alibrarianinTorontoaskedwhenIshowedherpictu

res.Innovationtohermeantdigitaltechnology,like3Dprinters.“Whycouldn’ttheybothbeinnovative?”Iasked.Weareconstantlytoldthatinnovationisthemostimportan

tforceinoureconomy,withoutwhichwewouldbeleftbehind.Butthatfearofmissingouthasledustofallintothefalsetrappingsofinnovation

overtrulyinnovativeideasthatmaybesimplerandmoreeffective.Thismindsetimpliesthatifyoujustbuythenewthing,youha

veinnovated!Eachyear,businessesandindividualsrunaroundlikebrokentoyrobots,tryingtofigureouttheirstrategyfort

helatestbuzzwordequipment.Atbest,thisisawasteofresource.Devicesarebought,usedandabandoned,asthetechnology’scapabilitiesfall

shortofitspromise.Butatitsworst,thisapproachcantrulycausedamage.Schoolscutfieldtripstopurchasetabletswithfewprovenbenefits.CompaniesthatappliedAIi

ntohiringhaveactuallystrengthenedgenderandracialprejudices.Trueinnovationisn’tjustsomemagicdevices.Itisacontinuingprocessofreflectionandreassessm

ent,whichoftenmeansadopting“old”ideasandtoolsinanewcontext,orevenreturningtomethodsthatworkedinthepast.Adjustedproperly,theserearview(后视的)inn

ovationshaveprovedastransformativeasnoveltechnologies.LooknofartherthanthestreetsofNewYork,whichhavebeenredesignedrecentl

ytoaccommodatecyclistswithcar-freezones.Theideaisn’tnew.Itwascreatedhalfacenturyago,withtheaimofbring

ingcitiesbacktotheirresidents.Andwhilee-readersaleshavebeenexploding,Penguinjustannounceditwouldpublishtinyp

rintedbooks,anidealsolutionforamarketdemandingbothconvenienceandphysicality.37．Whyisalibrarianmentioned?A．Tosetanexample.B．Tociteanauthority

.C．Tomakeaprediction.D．Topresentanargument.38．Whatdoestheunderlined“buzzword”meaninPara.3?A．Fashionable.B．Affordable.C．Prac

tical.D．Imaginative.39．Whatdoesthewriteragreewithaboutinnovation?A．Innovationoftenleadstowastedresourcesandevendamage.B．Innovationissupport

edbynewtechnologyandmagicdevices.C．Innovationreflectstheprogressoftechnologyandeconomy.D．Innovationismoreaboutthewayoft

hinkingthanequipmentweuse.40．Whatisprobablythebesttitleofthetext?A．Thekeytosuccessofbusiness—innovationB．FutureLiesinreturningtothepastC．Som

ebestideasareintherearviewmirrorD．Innovation:animportantforceineconomy【答案】37．D38．A39．D40．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论

述的是什么是真正的创新。37．推理判断题。根据第二段的“‘What’ssoinnovativeaboutthat?’alibrarianinTorontoaskedwhenIshowedherpictures.Innovationtoh

ermeantdigitaltechnology,like3Dprinters.“Whycouldn’ttheybothbeinnovative?”Iasked.(‘这有什么创新之处？’当我给多伦多的一位图书管理员看照片时，她问道。对她来说，创新意味

着数字技术，比如3D打印机。‘为什么它们两者不能都定义为创新呢？’我问)”可知，作者和这位图书管理员对创新的看法不一致。由此推知，提到图书管理员的目的是为了提出论点，即到底什么是真正的创新，故选D。38．词句猜

测题。根据第三段中“Thismindsetimpliesthatifyoujustbuythenewthing,youhaveinnovated!(这种心态意味着，如果你只是买了新东西，你就已经创新了！)”可知，很多

人认为如果买了新的东西，就意味着创新了，因此每年，企业和个人都试图为最新的时髦设备提出自己的策略，因此划线词buzzword的意思是“时髦的”，与fashionable同义。故选A。39．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Trueinnovationisn’tjusts

omemagicdevices.Itisacontinuingprocessofreflectionandreassessment,whichoftenmeansadopting“old”ideasandtoolsin

anewcontext,orevenreturningtomethodsthatworkedinthepast.(真正的创新不仅仅是一些神奇的设备。这是一个不断反思和重新评估的过程，这通常意味着在新的环境中采用‘旧的’思想和工具，甚至回到过去有效的方法)”推知，作者认为创新是要在新环境中

用不断反思，在新的环境中用“旧的”思想和工具，而不是我们使用的设备。故选D。40．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段的“Trueinnovationisn’tjustsomemagicdevices.Itisacontinuingprocessofreflectionandreasses

sment,whichoftenmeansadopting“old”ideasandtoolsinanewcontext,orevenreturningtomethodsthatworkedinthepast.Adj

ustedproperly,theserearview(后视的)innovationshaveprovedastransformativeasnoveltechnologies.(真正的创新不只是一些神

奇的设备。这是一个不断反思和重新评估的过程，这通常意味着在新的环境中采用‘旧的’思想和工具，甚至回到过去有效的方法。经过适当调整，这些后视镜创新被证明与新技术一样具有变革性。)”可知，本文讨论的是真正的创新。一些创新和创新想法是使用有效的旧

思想和工具创造的。C选项“一些好的想法存在在后视镜中”能够概括文章大意，且具有新颖性。故选C。