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华东师范大学附属东昌中学2021学年第二学期线上阶段质量检测英语试卷总分140I.ListeningComprehension(共25分；1-10每题1分；11-20每题1.5分)SectionADirectio

ns:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwass

aid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,

anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Interviewerandinterviewee.B.Clientandmechanic.C

.Customerandshopassistant.D.Teacherandstudent.2.A.Atapetadoptioncenter.B.Inanapartment.C.Aheadofthetwopeo

ple.D.Atawatchshop.3.A.Shewasonatalentshow.B.Shefoundajobasaneditor.C.Shesteeredclearofpeople.D.Shewasofferedamagazine.4.A

.Easy.B.Relieved.C.Frustrated.D.Illustrative.5.A.30yuan.B.40yuan.C.1,200yuan.D.1,188yuan.6.A.Shecomplimentedthemanonexcellen

ce.B.Shestudiedinthesameschoolastheman.C.Shewonascholarshipinthemiddleschool.D.Shewasjealousoftheman’suniversity.7.A.Concerned.B.Confident.C.

Indifferent.D.Excited.8.A.Shehasmetsomeinterestingteachers.B.Sheisgoingtolearnabouttheuniverse.C.Sheisquiteinterestedinarchitecture.

D.Shewasdisappointedatherpreviouslife.9.A.Losingweightisalong-termprocess.B.Sheshouldgiveupexercising.C.Sheshouldtrysomeintensee

xercise.D.Drinkingmorewaterishelpful.10.A.Shewasundefeatableinmaths.B.Shehadagoodappetiteafterthetest.C.Shedidn’tperformthatwelllater.D

.Shewasquickinworkingoutmathsproblems.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillb

easkedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyon

ce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhave

heard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Sticktothedreams.B.Turntoothersforhelp.C.Receive

professionaltrainings.D.Quitandfindthetruedream.12.A.Therestwillbetheblockontheirwaytosuccess.B.Theymaysufferfromphysicalandmentalillnesse

s.C.Theyaregeneticallyprogrammedtopicktheproperjobs.D.Theyareinspiredtofollowtheirheartinachievingsuccess.13.A.Dreamsar

echangeableoverthecourseofone’slife.B.Findingthetruedreaminyourlifehelpsonesticktoit.C.Childrenshouldtakeape

rmissiveapproachtowardssuccess.D.Peoplecanbetrainedtodoanythingregardlessofbackground.Questions14through16arebasedonthef

ollowingpassage.14.A.Morepeopleenjoydiningoutattherestaurants.B.Moremillennials（千禧一代）tipthanbabyboomer

s.C.Thereisauniversalwaveoflosingweightnowadays.D.ThetraditionoftippingallinAmericaisdyingatpresent.15.A.Tipsareincludedintheirwages.B.Wemayrevis

ittherestaurant.C.Theyofferedexceptionalservices.D.Thereisadebateaboutfairness.16.A.Taxidrivers.B.Hotelworkers.C.Waitress

.D.Fast-foodattendants.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Jeans.B.Linen（亚麻布）.C

.Cotton.D.Fabric.18.A.Heisthecreatorofjeans.B.Itledtothefakeproducts.C.Itledtothepopularityofjeans.D.Heapplied

forapatentforjeans.19.A.Theyaredurableandwasheasily.B.Alotofsexandviolenceadswork.C.Theywinthefavorofmanywomenliberalists.D.Theyareinflue

ncedbycowboystyleandrebelliousspirit.20.A.Thehistoryofjeans.B.Thechangeofjeans.C.Theadvantagesofjeans.D.Thecult

ureofwesternAmerican.II.GrammarandVocabulary(共20分，每题1分)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomake

thepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,

useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WhattosaytoarudepersonAsLordWinstontookatrainfromLondontoManchester,hefoundh

imselfbecomingsteadilyannoyed.Awomanhadpickedupherphoneandbeganaloudconversation,____1____wouldlastanunbelievablehour.Angry,W

instonbegantotakeherpictureandsentittohismorethan40,000followersontweeter.____2____thetrainarrivedatitsdestination,Winsto

ngotoffandleftquickly.Butthepresswerewaitingforthewoman.WhenshowedtheLord’smessages,sheusedonewordtodescribeWinston’sactions:rude.Winston

’staleissomethingofamicrocosmofourage(我们这个时代缩影)ofincreasingrudeness,____3____(fuel)bysocialmedia(and,oftenpolitics).(在社交媒体（

和经常还有政治）推动下越来越粗鲁)Whatcanwedotofixthis?Studieshaveshownthatrudenessspreadsquickly.Justwitnessingrudenessmakesitfarmore

likely____4____we,inturn,willberudelateron.Onceinfected,wearemoreaggressive,____5____(creative)andworseatourjobs

.Theonlywaytoendaconflictistocallitout,facetoface.Wemustsay,“Juststop.”ForWinston,thatwouldhavemeant____

6____(approach)thewoman,tellingherthatherconversationwasfrustratingotherpassengersandpolitelyaskingher

tospeakmorequietlyormakeacallatanothertime.(改天)Therageandinjusticewefeelattherudebehaviorofastranger

candriveus____7____(do)oddthings.Theactsofrevengepeoplehadtaken____8____(range)fromtheridiculoustothedisturbing.Butwecandoitwithgrace,b

yhandlingitwithoutatraceofaggressionandwithoutbeingrude____9____.Becauseoncerudepeoplecanseetheiractions_____10_____theeyesofothers

,theyarefarmorelikelytoendthatconflictthemselves.(一旦粗鲁的人能通过他人的眼睛看到自己的行为，他们就极有可能自己结束冲突。)Asthistideofrudenessrises,civilizationneedscivility.(

礼貌)【答案】1.which2.Assoonas3.fueled4.that5.lesscreative6.approaching7.todo8.ranged9.ourselves10.through【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们应如何对待陌生人

粗鲁行为。【1题详解】考查定语从句。句意：一个女人拿起电话，开始大声交谈，持续了令人难以置信的一个小时。先行词aloudconversation，指物，在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。【2题详解】考查连词。句意：火车一到目的地，温斯顿就下了

车，飞快地走了。assoonas一……就……，引导时间状语从句。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Assoonas。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：温斯顿的故事是我们这个时代越来越粗鲁的缩影，社交媒体(通常还有政

治)助长了这个时代。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语Winston’stale与动词fuel是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填fueled。【4题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：仅仅是目睹别人的粗鲁行为，我们以后也会变得粗鲁无礼。主语+makeit+adj.+that+

从句。句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。故填that。【5题详解】考查比较级。句意：一旦被感染，我们就会变得更有攻击性，更缺乏创造力，工作表现也会更差。连词and前后是形容词比较级形式。在结合句意。故填lesscreative。【

6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对温斯顿来说，这意味着走近那位女士，告诉她她的谈话让其他乘客感到沮丧，并礼貌地要求她说话声音小一些，或者另找时间打个电话。meandoingsth.意味着做某事。故填approaching。【7

题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们对陌生人粗鲁行为的愤怒和不公正会驱使我们做一些奇怪的事情。固定短语drivesbtodo驱使某人做某事。故填todo。【8题详解】考查时态。句意：人们的报复行为从荒谬到令人不安。根据定语从句中的动词hadtaken可分析这是过去发生的事情，所以用一般

过去时。故填ranged。【9题详解】考查代词。句意：但是，我们可以优雅地处理它，不带任何攻击性，我们自己也不粗鲁。结合句意，这里用反身代词。主语是we，所以用ourselves。故填ourselves。【10题详解】考查介词。句意：因为一旦粗鲁的人可以

通过别人的眼睛看到自己的行为，他们就更有可能自己结束冲突。名词theeyesofothers前用介词。分析句意可知，这里是表达通过别人的眼睛看自己的行为，所以用介词through。故填through。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpas

sageswiththewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonceandcanbecapitalized.Thereisoneextrawordwhichyoudon’tneed.A.advertis

edB.creditC.equippedD.featuresE.participationF.presentG.priorityH.safeguardsI.seeminglyJ.reportedlyK.tappingAbreedofupstartappsistakingonani

nternetfunctionthatmightseemunneededorevenill-_____11_____:helpingteenstalktostrangers.Brandedas“socialdiscovery”services,theseappspitchthemselvesas

alternativestooutletsthatalreadyspecializeinonlineconnections,likeFacebookandInstagram.Theysaytheyarebetterathelpingyoungusersmeet

like-mindedpeopleoutsidetheirexistingcircles.Andtheysaytheyhave_____12_____,suchasseparatingusersbyageandusin

gartificialintelligence,toprotectagainsttheinappropriateorunsafebehaviorthathascausedproblemstopreviousattemptstoconne

ctyoungpeopleonline.Theirusernumberssuggestthat,whethertheysucceedinstrikingtherightbalance,appslikeYuboandHoopare

_____13_____intoaneedamongteensand20-somethingsfornewwaystobranchoutonline.“Thereisnoplacetodaytosocializeonline

,”saysSachaLazimi,the26-year-oldFrenchco-founderofYubo,whichconnectsstrangerswithmessagingandlive-streaming.Itis_____14_____contr

arytocommonsenseforanyonewhohasseenteenssendingSnapsrapidfiretotheirfriends,respondingtovideosonTikTok,FaceTimingforhours,orusingInstagram.ButMr.

Lazimithinksthoseplatformsallowfortoomuchpassive_____15_____.“Snapchat,InstagramandTikTokareallaboutperformance,contentandindividualbehavior,”hesays.

Yubo_____16_____aswipinginterfacesimilartothatofTinder.ButMr.Lazimiinsistsitisnotadatingapp.Thepoint,hes

ays,istofacilitatecommunicationbetweenpeopleallovertheworldwhosharemutualinterests.Yuboisn’t_____17_____everywhereinthelivesofAmericanteensye

t—andperhapsneverwillbe—butthecompanysaystheapphas25millionuserssignedup,withnearlyhalfofdailyusenowcomingfromAmerica.Butsomeofthes

eappshavealsobeenthesubjectofsafetyconcerns.YubohasalsofaceditsOwnsafetychallenges.InFlorida,law-enforcementofficialssaytheyarrestedamanwho_

____18_____lured(诱骗)ateenagerthroughYubo.Inastatement,Yubosaidthatthepreventionofchildabusehasbeenakey_____19_____forthepastthreeyears.“Yubore

cognizesitsresponsibilityinprotectingyoungpeopleusingitsserviceandhasgonefarbeyondmanyofthemainsocial-mediaservices.”“Howev

er,actuallyteensare______20______withmoretoprotectthemselvesthanexpected”,saysDr.Hinduja.“Theyaredoingsom

ethingtokeepthemselvessafeorwewouldhavestrikinglymorevictimizationthanwedo.”【答案】11.A12.H13.K14.I15.E16.D17.F18.J19.G20.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的应用程

序Yubo，但Yubo在保护青少年用户方面做得不够，有安全担忧，应更加重视。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一系列新兴应用程序正在承担一种互联网功能，这种功能可能看起来是不必要的，甚至是广告不恰当的：帮助青少年与陌生人交谈。根据空前“mi

ghtseemunneeded”可知，设空处应填形容词与unneeded并列，advertise与逻辑主语function之间的逻辑关系为被动，应用过去分词形式。advertise“登广告”为动词，其过去分词形式advertised，可用作形容词，符

合题意。故选A。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：他们说他们有保障措施，例如按年龄划分用户并使用人工智能，以防止不适当或不安全的行为，这些行为给以前尝试在线连接年轻人带来了问题。根据空前谓语动词have可知，设空处应用名词，safeguard“

保障措施”为名词，此处应用复数形式，符合题意。故选H。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们用户数量表明，无论他们是否成功地达到了正确的平衡，像Yubo和Hoop这样的应用程序正在利用青少年和二十多岁的人对在线扩展的新方式的需求。根据空前动词are以及空后介词

into可知，设空处应用非谓语动词的现在分词形式，用现在进行时。tapinto为固定短语，意为“开发，利用”，tapping符合题意。故选K。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：对于任何见过青少年向朋友们快速发

送照片，在TikTok上回复视频，连续数小时使用FaceTiming，或者使用Instagram人，似乎还违反常识的。修饰形容词用副词，seemingly“看来似乎”是副词，符合句意。故选I。【15题

详解】考查名词。句意：但拉齐米认为，这些平台允许太多的被动参与。根据空前形容词passive可知，设空处应用名词。participation“参与，参加”为名词，符合题意。故选E。【16题详解】考查动词时态，主谓一致。句意：Yubo具有类似于Tinder的滑动界面。分析句子结构可知，设空处应

用动词作谓语，feature“以……为特色”，为动词，因主语为Yubo，谓语动词使用第三人称单数，features符合题意。故选D。【17题详解】考查形容词。句意：Yubo在美国青少年的生活中并不无处不在，但——也许永远不会存在——但该公司表示，该应用程序已有2

500万用户注册，现在近一半的日常使用来自美国。根据空前动词isn’t可知，设空处应用形容词作表语。present“现存的，出现的”，为形容词，符合题意。故选F。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：但其中一些应用程序也一直是安

全问题的主题。根据空前冠词the可知，设空处应用名词作宾语。subject“主题”为名词，符合题意。故选J。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：Yubo在一份声明中说，防止虐待儿童一直是过去三年的一个关键优先事项。根据空前形容

词key可知，设空处应用名词作宾语。priority“优先事项”为名词，符合题意。故选G。【20题详解】考查固定短语。句意：“然而，实际上青少年比预期的要具备更多的保护自己的能力，”Hinduja博士说。

“他们正在做一些事情来保护自己的安全，否则我们会有比现在多的受害。”根据空前动词are和空的后介词with可知，设空处应用形容词。equip“装备”为动词，beequippedwith为固定短语，意为“装

备，具备”，符合题意。故选C。III.ReadingComprehension(共45分，41-55每题1分；56-70每题2分)SectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowi

ngpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,D.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thenotionthatmothersca

nsimultaneouslynurturetheirchildrenandtheircareersisoftenseenasamodernphenomenon.____21____historyisfullofmotherswhoreachedbeyondthehouse—cou

rageouswomenwhoovercamesocietalbarriersandchangedtheworldforpeople____22____theirownchildren.The____23____forMother’sDay

,AnnJarvis,wasasocialactivistandpioneerinthepublic-healthmovementintheU.S.AsamotherJarvissufferedthelossofeightchildren.Determinedtocombatinfant____2

4____inthearea,JarvisbegantoorganizeMother’sDayworkclubstoprovideeducation,medicineandsupplies.AftertheCivilWarbegan,Jarvisstrivedforsold

iers’well-being.Jarvis’impactwassopowerfulthatsheinspiredherdaughterto____25____foranationalholidayhonoringmothers,formalizedin1914.In

theearly1900s,LillianGilbrethalsoraisedherchildrenaloneafterherhusband’sdeath.Gilbrethwasawomanof____

26____:firstwomantoreceivetheHooverMedalforsignificantpublicservicebyanengineer,firstfemalememberoftheSocietyofIndustrialEngineers,andfirstfemale

psychologistonaU.S.stamp.Heraccomplishmentsinpsychology,____27____andorganizationalmanagementweresovastsheisconsideredoneofthe

foundersofindustrialengineering.ShenotonlyadvisedsixsuccessiveU.S.presidents,butalsoimprovedsurgicaloperatingproceduresandinv

entedmany____28____appliances,fromrefrigeratordoorshelvestothepedal-operatedtrashcan.____29____massesofhistoricmilestones,theseresilientmo

thersandsomanymorelikethem,arenotexactlyhouseholdnames.Theobstaclesthatkeepmanywomenfrom____30____ahappybalancebetweenworkandmotherhoo

darereal.Butlackofawarenessofthewomenwhoovercamesuchobstacles,andbrokeawayfromtherolessociety____31____onwomen,is,paradoxically,ano

bstacletoo.____32____outimpressedbiasisoneofthemostchallengingaspectsofgenderequalityefforts.Wecanpasslawsanddemandreform

,butchangingmindsetsismoresubtle.Mothersareuniquelydevotedto____33____thatchange.OnthisMother’sDaythen,inadditi

ontohonoringthewomenwhohavehadanimpactonourlives____34____,let’stakeamomenttorecognizethe____35____mothersofh

istory—thewomenwhosenameswemaynotrecognize,butwhoseimpactwefeeleventoday.21.A.InfactB.RatherC.AfterallD.Bynomeans2

2.A.inplaceofB.accordingtoC.duetoD.otherthan23.A.contextB.inspirationC.originD.innovation24.A.well-beingB.dev

elopmentC.fatalityD.nutrition25.A.campaignB.applyC.compensateD.engage26.A.improvementsB.promisesC.firstsD.ambitions27.A.sociolo

gyB.industryC.publicserviceD.engineering28.A.kitchenB.officeC.domesticD.manual29.A.InspiteofB.AswellasC.RegardlessofD.Bymeansof30.A.toppingB.keep

ingC.spottingD.affording31.A.basesB.focusesC.imposesD.emphasizes32.A.LayingB.RootingC.MappingD.Working33.A.drivin

gB.implementingC.reversingD.tackling34.A.repetitivelyB.impermanentlyC.personallyD.indifferently35.A.notoriousB.distinguishedC.unparalleledD.lost【答

案】21.A22.C23.C24.A25.A26.D27.B28.A29.A30.B31.C32.B33.B34.A35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了母亲节的起源以及历史上那些取得伟大成就的出色母亲们。【21题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，

历史上充满了走出家门的母亲——勇敢的女性，她们克服了社会障碍，因为自己的孩子改变了世界。A.Infact实际上；B.Rather相当；C.Afterall毕竟；D.Bynomeans决不。根据后文“historyisfullofmotherswhoreachedbeyondthehouse”

可知，指事实上，历史上充满了走出家门的母亲。故选A。【22题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，历史上充满了走出家门的母亲——勇敢的女性，她们克服了社会障碍，因为自己的孩子改变了世界。A.inplaceof代替；B.accordingto根

据；C.dueto因为；D.otherthan除了。根据后文“theirownchildren”可知这些母亲因为自己的孩子改变了世界。故选C。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：母亲节的由来安·贾维斯是一位社会活动家，也是美

国公共卫生运动的先驱。A.context背景；B.inspiration灵感；C.origin起源；D.innovation创新。结合后文“sheinspiredherdaughterto…foranationalholidayhonoringmothers”可知，来安·贾维斯是

母亲节的起源。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：贾维斯决心与该地区的婴儿福祉作斗争，开始组织母亲节工作俱乐部，提供教育、药品和用品。A.well-being幸福；B.development发展；C.fatality死亡；D.nutrition营养。根据后文“prov

ideeducation,medicineandsupplies”以及“Jarvisstrivedforsoldiers’well-being.”可知，贾维斯决心与该地区的婴儿福祉作斗争，故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：贾维

斯的影响力是如此之大，以至于她激励她的女儿在1914年正式成立了一个全国性的母亲节。A.campaign领导运动；B.apply应用；C.compensate补偿；D.engage参与。根据后文“foranation

alholidayhonoringmothers”可知，她激励她的女儿领导了纪念母亲的全国性节日。故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：吉尔布雷斯是一位有抱负的女性：第一位因工程师的重大公共服务而获得胡佛奖章的女性，第一位工

业工程师协会的女性成员，以及第一位在美国邮票上的女性心理学家。A.improvements提高；B.promises承诺；C.firsts第一个人(或事物)；D.ambitions抱负。根据后文“firstwoma

ntoreceivetheHooverMedalforsignificantpublicservicebyanengineer,firstfemalememberoftheSocietyofIndustr

ialEngineers,andfirstfemalepsychologistonaU.S.stamp”可知，吉尔布雷斯取得了很多成就，是一位有抱负的女性。故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在心理学、工业和组织管理方面取得了巨大成就，被认为是工业工程的创始人之一。A.

sociology社会学；B.industry工业；C.publicservice公共服务；D.engineering工程。结合后文“sheisconsideredoneofthefoundersofindustrialengineering”可知，她在心理学

、工业和组织管理方面取得了巨大成就，被认为是工业工程的创始人之一。故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不仅为连续六届美国总统提供咨询，还改进了手术程序，发明了许多厨房用具，从冰箱门架到脚踏式垃圾桶。A.kitchen厨房；B

.office办公室；C.domestic国内的；D.manual手工的。根据后文“fromrefrigeratordoorshelvestothepedal-operatedtrashcan”可知她发明了许多厨房用具。故选A。【29题详解】

考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管有许多历史性的里程碑，但这些坚韧不拔的母亲，以及更多与她们相似的母亲，并不是家喻户晓的名字。A.Inspiteof尽管；B.Aswellas也；C.Regardlessof不管；D.Bymeansof依靠。根据后文“massesofhistoricmile

stones,theseresilientmothersandsomanymorelikethem,arenotexactlyhouseholdnames”可知为让步关系，表示“尽管”应用inspiteof。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：

阻碍许多女性在工作和做母亲之间保持快乐平衡的障碍是真实存在的。A.topping超过；B.keeping保持；C.spotting发现；D.affording买得起。根据后文“ahappybalancebetweenworkandmoth

erhood”指在工作和做母亲之间保持快乐平衡。故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，对克服这些障碍、摆脱社会强加给女性的角色的女性缺乏认识，这也是一个矛盾的障碍。A.bases基础；B.focuses集中于；C.imposes强加

于；D.emphasizes强调。根据上文“brokeawayfromtherolessociety”指摆脱社会强加给女性的角色。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：根除印象深刻的偏见是两性平等努力中最具挑战性的方面之一。A.Layingout放置；B.Rootingout根除；C.

Mappingout筹划；D.Workingout解决。根据后文“outimpressedbias”此处指要根除偏见，应用rootout。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：母亲们专门致力于实现这一变化。A.driving驾驶；B.implementing实行；C.revers

ing反转；D.tackling处理。上文“Wecanpasslawsanddemandreform,butchangingmindsetsismoresubtle.(我们可以通过法律和要求改革，但改变心态则更为微妙)”可知，母亲们专门致力于实现这一变化。故

选B。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：那么，在这个母亲节，除了反复纪念那些对我们的生活产生过影响的女性之外，让我们花点时间来表彰历史上杰出的母亲们——这些女性的名字我们可能不认识，但我们甚至今天

都感受到了她们的影响。A.repetitively重复地；B.impermanently暂时地；C.personally个人；D.indifferently冷漠地。根据上文“inadditiontohonoringth

ewomenwhohavehadanimpactonourlives”可知，母亲节主要是为了反复纪念那些对我们的生活产生过影响的女性。故选A。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么，在这个母亲节，除了反复纪念那些对我们的生活产生过影响的女性之外，让我们花点时间来表彰历史上杰出的母亲们——

这些女性的名字我们可能不认识，但我们甚至今天都感受到了她们的影响。A.notorious臭名昭著的；B.distinguished出色的；C.unparalleled前所未有的；D.lost迷失的。根据后文“butwhoseimpactwefeeleventoday”可知，我们今天都能

感受到这些女性的影响，可见表彰历史上杰出的母亲们。故选B。SectionB(A)LiaThomas,astudentattheUniversityofPennsylvania,isanexcellentswimmer.Sheoftenbeatsherrivalsbytensofse

conds,breakingrecords.Hersuccessisbasedonthreethings.Oneisnaturaltalent.Anotherisrelentlesstraining.Andthethirdisbiology.F

oralthoughsheidentifiesasawoman,MsThomaswasbornmale.Sincehumanscannotchangetheirsex,sheremainsthatway.Ontheeveofherbiggestcompetition

,MsThomasfindsherselfatthecentreofthebad-tempereddebateaboutwhethertrans-women--maleswhoidentifyaswomen

--shouldcompeteinwomen’ssports.That,inturn,ispartofabroaderargument:shouldbrutebiologicalfactssometimesoverridepeople’sdeeplyheldfeelingsaboutth

eiridentities?Thisnewspaperbelievesitisalmostalwaysunfairtoallowtransgenderwomentocompeteinwomen’ssports.Theadvantagesofmalearesobigthatnoamount

oftrainingortalentcanenablefemaleathletestoovercomethem.FlorenceGriffithJoyner’s100-metreworldrecordhasstoodforthreedecades.Amalematchin

gitwouldnotevenmakeittotheOlympics,letalonethefinal.In2016,atanAmericaneventforhigh-schoolers,fouroftheeightboysinthe100-metr

efinalranfaster.Sportsmustthereforechoosebetweeninclusionandfairness;andtheyshouldchoosefairplay.Thatdoesnotmeanthattrans-womenwouldbebarred

fromallsports.Onewaytomakethatclearwouldbetoreplacethe“men’s”and“women’s”categorieswith“open”and“female”ones.Thefirstwouldbe

opentoallcomers.Thesecondwouldberestrictedonthebasisofbiology.Sportispublic,andresultscanbemeasuredobjectively.Thatmeanstheargumentthatthematerialfa

ctsofbiologyshouldsometimesoutrankaperson’ssubjectivesenseofidentityiseasiertomake.Someoftheseargumentswillbetwistedbythosew

howishtrans-peopleill.Suchprejudiceexists,whichshouldberesisted,too.Mostofthetime,itcostslittleornothingtorespectpeople’schoicesab

outhowtheywishtopresentthemselves.Intherarecaseswhererightsclash,societymustweighthetrade-offssensitivelyandwithopeneyes.

36.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforLia’ssuccess?A.Sheisageniusinswimming.B.Shedevotesherselftoswimmingaroundtheclock.C.Shehasundergonephysic

alenhancementtailoredtoswimming.D.Herphysicalfeaturesaffordheradvantages.37.Theunderlinedword“override”in

paragraph2possiblymeans________.A.outweighB.complicateC.dominateD.eliminate38.TheinstanceofFlorenceGriffithJoynerinParagraph3isintendedtodemo

nstrate________.A.noamountoftrainingortalentcanenablefemaleathletestoovercometheiridentities.B.women’srecordspalein

comparisonwiththoseofmalehigh-schoolers’.C.inthecaseoftrans-women,beinginclusiveshouldn’tmattermorethanfairness.D.thegende

rphysicalgapwhichisnexttoimpossibleforfemalestoconquer.39.Whichofthefollowingisapropertitleforthepassage?A

.TheLegalRightsofTrans-womenB.TheBalancebetweenRespectandFairnessC.TransgenderAthletesintheOlympicsD.HowtoApprop

riatelyCategorizetheOlympics【答案】36.C37.A38.D39.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了宾夕法尼亚一位变性女性引发的辩论，跨性别女性是否应该参加女子体育比赛？报道认为允许变性女性参加女子体育比赛总是不公平的

，因为男性青春期带来的好处太大，所以应该使用公平的方式让变性女人参赛。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Hersuccessisbasedonthreethings.Oneisnaturaltalent.Anotherisrelentlesstraining.And

thethirdisbiology.(她的成功基于三件事。一个是天赋。另一个是不间断的训练。第三个是生物学。)”可知，文中并未提到她接受了为游泳量身定做的身体锻炼。故选C。【37题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“Sportispublic,andresult

scanbemeasuredobjectively.Thatmeanstheargumentthatthematerialfactsofbiologyshouldsometimesoutrankaperson’ssubjectivesenseofidentityiseasiertom

ake.(体育是公开的，结果可以客观地衡量。这意味着，生物学的物质事实有时应该高于一个人的主观身份感的论点更容易成立。)”可知，划线词所在的句子表示“残酷的生物学事实有时应该比人们对自己身份的深刻感受重要吗”，划线词override的意思是“高于，比……重要”，和out

weigh意思相近，故选A。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Thisnewspaperbelievesitisalmostalwaysunfairtoallowtransgenderwomentocompeteinwomen’ssports.

Theadvantagesofmalearesobigthatnoamountoftrainingortalentcanenablefemaleathletestoovercomethem.(这份报纸认为，允许变性

女性参加女子运动几乎总是不公平的。男性的优势是如此之大，再多的训练和天赋也无法使女性运动员克服这些优势。)”和“FlorenceGriffithJoyner’s100-metreworldrecordhasstoodforthreedecade

s.AmalematchingitwouldnotevenmakeittotheOlympics,letalonethefinal.(弗洛伦斯·格里菲斯·乔伊纳的100米世界纪录保持了30年。一个男性选手连奥运会都进不去，更不用说决赛了。)”可知，Fl

orenceGriffithJoyner的例子说明女性几乎不可能克服的性别身体差距。故选D。【39题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段“Sportsmustthereforechoosebetweeninclusionandfairness;andtheyshouldchoo

sefairplay.Thatdoesnotmeanthattrans-womenwouldbebarredfromallsports.Onewaytomakethatclearwouldbetoreplac

ethe“men’s”and“women’s”categorieswith“open”and“female”ones.Thefirstwouldbeopentoallcomers.Thesecondwouldberestrictedonthebasisofbiology.(因此，体育必须在

包容和公平之间做出选择；他们应该选择公平竞争。这并不意味着变性女人将被禁止参加所有体育活动。一种明确的方法是将“男性”和“女性”的类别替换为“开放”和“女性”类别。第一个将对所有人开放。第二种是基于生物学的限制。)”可知，本文主要介绍了在

体育比赛中，变性女人应该如何公平地进行比赛，也就是要在包容、尊重变性女人和公平之间取得平衡，B选项“TheBalancebetweenRespectandFairness(尊重与公平之间的平衡)”可作为最恰当的题目，故选B。(B)More

On:GotogregIsomittingjobsfromaresumelying?-----------------------Howtohandlestressatwork------------------------Howcanmenandwomen

workbettertogether?Letter1January28,2018|3:31pmIworkforane-commerceWebsite.Ifoneofourmerchandisershasaquestionorwantstomakea

correction,theye-mailtheentiredepartment.Inmyopinion,thisisrudeandunnecessary.Itseemstomethatmasse-mailisappropri

ateforgoodorneutralnews,ratherthanmakingacorrection.Doyouagree?Moreover,ifyouweretherecipientofthecorrection,howwouldyourespond?Theonlypeoplewh

oshouldbeincludedinane-mailarethosewhoneedtoknoworrespond.Includingeveryoneisrudeandunprofessionalaswellasannoyingtorecipients.It’snotlikewe

don’thaveenoughinourinboxalready.Idon’tagreethate-mailisonlyforgoodorneutralnews,however.Sometimesyouneedtoalertpeo

pleorcreatearecordofbadnews.Butnooneshouldusee-mailtoblameotherpeople.Ifyou’ve------------------------Howwillcancertreatmentaffectmyson’sresume?----

--------------------Whattodoifyoudranktoomuchatthecompanyholidaypartygotaproblemwithsomeone,pickupthephoneo

rtakeitoutside(foracoffee,notafistfight…geez).Asforhowtorespond,e-mailisusuallyineffectiveforresolvingconflict.Haveaconversationwiththesenderand

explainwhyhisorherapproachisn’tthebestandwhatyourecommend.Letter2January14,2018|9:24pmIt’sthestartofanewyearandIbeli

eveit’stimeforachange.What’sthebestwaytoexplaintoaprospectiveemployerthatyouareinneedofsomethingnewwithoutseemingflightyandw

ithoutcomplainingaboutyourcurrentemployer?Thenewyearisasgoodatimeasanytotakestock,butnottheonlyreasonformakingachange.Atleast,that’snotwh

atyoucommunicatetoaprospectiveemployer.Yourreasonforlookingforanewjobislessimportanttoyournewemployerthanwhyyouwant

toworkthere.Needingachangemightbethecatalyst(催化剂),butthejobsearchislikedating,andyouwouldn’tasksomeoneoutandexplainyou’reju

stboredinyourcurrentrelationship,right?AtleastIhopenot,otherwiseyou’relikelytobeaslonelyasBarryManilowsoundswhenhesings“It’sJustAnotherN

ewYear’sEve”.40.Whatisdiscussedinthefirstletter?A.Howtoaskquestionsinapoliteway.B.Howtorespondtoafalsecharge.CHowtomakeacorrectionatwork.D.Howto

handlerudemassemailsatwork..41.AccordingtoGreg,expressingyourdissatisfactionwithyourpresentjobinaninterviewwouldbethesameas__________.

A.talkingaboutyourfamilyissuesinpublicB.complainingaboutyourpriorpartneronafirstdateC.demonstratingy

ourqualificationstoyournewbossD.braggingaboutyourexperiencetoyourpartner42.Itcanbeinferredthat“gotogreg”mainlyoffersadviceonpeople’s__________.A.ca

reerchoicesB.socialrelationshipsC.workingproblemsD.healthproblems【答案】40.D41.B42.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，就两封信所反映的工作中的问题给出了针对性的建议。【

40题详解】主旨大意题。根据文体特点可知本文是针对来信反映的问题给出建议，根据Letter1中的“Ifoneofourmerchandisershasaquestionorwantstomakeacorrection,theye-mailtheentiredepa

rtment.Inmyopinion,thisisrudeandunnecessary.”可知，第一封反映的问题是如果一个业务员有问题或有需要改正的地方，他工作的单位会给整个部门发电子邮件，在他看来，这是粗鲁和不必要的，再结

合回复中的“Idon’tagreethate-mailisonlyforgoodorneutralnews,however.Sometimesyouneedtoalertpeopleorcreatearecordofbadnews.Butnooneshouldus

ee-mailtoblameotherpeople.Ifyou’vegotaproblemwithsomeone,pickupthephoneortakeitoutside(foracoffee,notafistfight…geez).Asforhowt

orespond,e-mailisusuallyineffectiveforresolvingconflict.Haveaconversationwiththesenderandexplainwhyhisorherapproachisn’tthebestandwhatyourec

ommend.”可知，我不同意电子邮件只用于好消息或中性消息。有时候你需要提醒人们或者创造一个坏消息的记录。但是没有人应该用电子邮件来责怪别人。如果你和某人有问题，拿起电话或带到外面（喝杯咖啡，而不是拳打脚踢…天哪

）。至于如何回复，电子邮件通常对解决冲突无效。与发信人交谈，解释为什么他/她的方法不是最好的，以及你推荐的方法，由此可知，第一封信主要讨论的是如何处理工作中粗鲁的群发邮件，故D项正确。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据Letter2中的“butthejobsearchislikedating,

andyouwouldn’tasksomeoneoutandexplainyou’rejustboredinyourcurrentrelationship,right?”可知，格雷格认为找工作就像约会，你不会约别人出去解释你对

现在的关系感到无聊，对吧？也就是说她认为，在面试中表达你对目前工作的不满，就像在第一次约会时抱怨你的前任一样，故B项正确。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据Letter1中的“Ifoneofourmerchandisershasaquestionorwantsto

makeacorrection,theye-mailtheentiredepartment.Inmyopinion,thisisrudeandunnecessary.”可知，第一封信给出了如何处理工作中粗鲁的群发邮件的

建议，根据Letter2中的“What’sthebestwaytoexplaintoaprospectiveemployerthatyouareinneedofsomethingnewwithoutseemingflightyandwithoutcomp

lainingaboutyourcurrentemployer?”可知，第二封信给出的是换工作时怎样向新老板解释你换工作的原因而又不显得轻浮和不抱怨现在的老板的建议，这两封信反映的都是工作中的问题，因此gotogreg向人们提供如何处理工作中的问题的建议，故C项正确。【点睛】本篇第

3题推理判断题难度较大，抓住两封信所反映的问题是关键，根据Letter1中的“Ifoneofourmerchandisershasaquestionorwantstomakeacorrection,theye-mailtheentiredepartment.Inmyopinion,thisisru

deandunnecessary.”可知，第一封信给出了如何处理工作中粗鲁的群发邮件的建议，根据Letter2中的“What’sthebestwaytoexplaintoaprospectiveemployerthat

youareinneedofsomethingnewwithoutseemingflightyandwithoutcomplainingaboutyourcurrentemployer?”可知，第二封信给出的是换工作时怎样向新老板解释你换工作的原因而又不

显得轻浮和不抱怨现在的老板的建议，这两封信反映的都是工作中的问题，因此gotogreg向人们提供如何处理工作中的问题的建议。(C)It’salmostspring,thetimeofyearwhenthechangeinseasonscouldleadtosomeprettyf

ascinatingcloudactivityinthesky.NASAandtheGLOBEProgramareinvitingyoutotakepartinacitizensciencecloudobservationchallenge.T

heGLOBEProgramisaninternationalscienceandeducationprogramthatprovidesstudentsandthepublicwiththeopportunitytoparticipateindata

collectionandthescientificprocess.FromMarch15throughApril15,citizenscientistsofallagescanmakeupto10cloudobservationsp

erdayusingtheGLOBEObserverapporoneoftheotherdataentryoptions(fortrainedGLOBEmembers).Challengeparticipantswiththemostobservationswillbecongratulatedb

yaNASAscientistinavideopostedontheGLOBEProgram’swebsiteandonsocialmedia.“TheGLOBEProgramisofferingthischallengeto

showpeoplehowimportantitistoNASAtohavecitizenscientistobservations:observationsfromthegroundup,”saidMarileColonRobles,leadfortheGL

OBECloudsteamatNASA’sLangleyResearchCenterinHampton,Virginia.“We’regoingfromwintertospring,sothetypesofstormswillchange,whichwillalsochanget

hetypesofclouds.Researchersuse,andvalue,thiscitizenscienceclouddatabecauseithelpstovalidatedatafromEarth-observinginstruments.S

cientistsatLangleyworkwithasetofsixinstrumentsknownastheCloudsandtheEarth’sRadiantEnergySystem(CERES)EventhoughCERES’in

strumentsuseadvancedtechnology,itisnotalwayseasyforresearcherstopositivelyidentifyalltypesofcloudsintheirimages.Forexample,itca

nbedifficulttodifferthin,wispycirrusclouds(细小的卷云)fromsnowsincebotharecoldandbright;evenmoresowhencirruscl

oudsareaboveasurfacewithpatchysnow(片状雪)orsnowcover.Onesolutiontothisproblemistolookatsatelliteimagesfromaparticularareaandcompar

ethemtodatasubmittedbycitizenscientistsontheground.“Lookingatwhatanobserverrecordedascloudsandlookin

gattheirsurfaceobservationsreallyhelpsusbetterunderstandtheimagesthatwerematchedfromthesatellite,”saidColonRobles.Youdon’thavetobeacloud

-gazingprofessionaltoparticipate.Forthosewhowanttobepartofthechallengebutdon’thavealotofexperienceidentifyingclouds,ColonRoblesoffersth

efollowingadvice:“Justgooutside.”Themorecloudsyouobserve,shesaid,themorecomfortableyou’llbecollectingdata.4

3.Whydoresearcherslaunchthecloudobservationchallenge?A.TheGLOBEProgramisbadlyshortofhands.B.ThetechnologyCERESusesis

notthatadvancedC.Scientistscancomparedatafromdifferentinstruments.D.Cirruscloudsaredifficulttoidentifywhenwithsnowcover44.Theunderlinedword“vali

date”isclosestinmeaningto_________.A.createB.cancelC.countD.confirm45.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Citizenobserverscanonlysubmitt

heirdatabymeansofanappB.ObserverssubmittingthemostobservationscangetaspecialprizeC.Observationsfromthegroundarenotasvaluableassatelliteim

agesD.Thedatacollectedbycitizenscientistswillbepostedonsocialmedia46.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.NASAE

mploysNewmembersB.CloudActivitiesBringaNewChallengeC.CitizensGainExperiencethroughObservationD.ProfessionalsTeachYo

utoObserveClouds【答案】43.C44.D45.B46.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要向读者介绍NASA和GLOBE项目向全世界的公民发出邀请，帮忙收集观察云的资料，以及他们发起这

个项目的作用。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段Researchersuse,andvalue,thiscitizenscienceclouddatabecauseithelpstovalidatedatafromEarth-observing

instruments.研究人员使用并评价这种公民科学云数据，因为它有助于验证来自地球观测仪器数据。可知，发起云观测挑战科学家可以比较来自不同仪器的数据。故选C项。【44题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段Scient

istsatLangleyworkwithasetofsixinstrumentsknownastheCloudsandtheEarth’sRadiantEnergySystem(CERES).兰利的科学家们使用一套六种

被称为“云和地球辐射能系统”(CERES)的仪器进行研究。A.create创造；B.cancel取消；C.count数；D.confirm确认，证实。利用这个仪器应该能验证或确认数据，可知validate应该与confirm意思相近。故选D项。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据第

二段ChallengeparticipantswiththemostobservationswillbecongratulatedbyaNASAscientistinavideopostedontheGLOBEProgram’sw

ebsiteandonsocialmedia.美国国家航空航天局的一名科学家将在“地球计划”网站和社交媒体上发布一段视频，祝贺参与观测最多的参与者。可知，提交观察结果最多的观察者可以获得特别奖励，也就是航空航天局的一名科学家将在“地球计划”网站和社交媒体上发布一段视频

。故选B项。【46题详解】主旨大意题。根据It’salmostspring,thetimeofyearwhenthechangeinseasonscouldleadtosomeprettyfascinatingcloudactivity

inthesky.NASAandtheGLOBEProgramareinvitingyoutotakepartinacitizensciencecloudobservationchallenge.可知美国国家航空航天局和全球计划邀请参加公民科学云观测挑战的原因。以及第三段“L

ookingatwhatanobserverrecordedascloudsandlookingattheirsurfaceobservationsreallyhelpsusbetterunderstandtheimagesthatwerematchedfromthesatel

lite,”saidColonRobles.科隆·罗伯斯说:“观察观测者记录的云团和它们的表面观测确实有助于我们更好地理解来自卫星的图像。”可知，本文主要就是向读者介绍NASA和GLOBE在向全世界公民发出邀请，观察云

的活动，收集资料，以来分析新情况。即云活动带来新的挑战。故选B项。SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeuse

donlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.ExerciseforaBetterBrainMostofthetime,yourbrainisthebossofyou

rmuscles--directinghowyouhitaball,playthepiano,oropen的acerealbox.____47____Whenyou’reactive,theysendchemica

lsignalstellingyourbrain,“Hey,it’stimetogrow!”Recentresearchsuggestsphysicalactivityhasmultiplebrainbenefits,enc

ouragingthebirthandgrowthofnewbraincellsthatsupplyoxygenandbloodsugartobraincells.Ina2016NationalInstituteonAgingstudy,peop

lewhoranonatreadmillfor45minutesthreedaysaweekboostedtheirlevelsofabrain-derivedneurotropic(神经营养的)fact

or,achemicalthatactslikefertilizerfornewbraincells.____48____Withoutexercise,Suzukisays,“littlebabyneuronsdon

’tgetbiggerandmakethousandsofnewconnectionstootherbraincells.Withexercise,yougetfullyfunctioningadultbraince

lls.”Studiessuggestthatinyoungeradults,thiscanaddtotheoverallnumberofcellsinthehippocampus(海马体).____49____It’sagooddeal.“There’sevidencethesenew

braincellsareveryactive,”shesays.“They’reexcitableliketeenagers.Theygetinvolvedinmorememorycircuitsthanoldercellsd

o.Yougetmoreconnections.”____50____Ifyou’reinactive,astrollaroundtheblockmaybeallittakestoencourageneuroplasticity,sh

esays.Andeverybitcounts.Ina2019BostonUniversitystudyof2354adultsintheir40sthrough60s,sedentarypeoplewhobo

ostedtheirdailywalkingby7500stepsormorehadbiggerbrainsthanthosewhodidn’texercise--equivalentto1.4to2.2feweryearsofbrainaging.T

hemorelightactivitystudyparticipantslogged,suchasdoinghousework,shopping,gardening,orwalkingthedog,thegreatertheoverallsizeoftheirbrains.A.Again,

alittlegoesalongway.B.Tipshavebeenofferedastohowtoproperlyexercise.C.Afterfourmonthsofworkouts,theirscoresim

provedonamemorytest.D.Studieshavesuggestedthatdyingcellsandbrainwastecanbeclearedwithenoughexerciseonaregularbasis.E.Butwhenitcomes

togrowingnewbraincells,moreandmoreresearchshowsthatwhenyouexercise,yourmusclestakecharge.F.Andonceage-relatedbrainchangesbeg

in,startinginour30s,exercisehelpskeepbraincellsalivelongerandreplacesoldcellswithnewones.【答案】47.E48.C49.F50.A

【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了锻炼对大脑的益处。【47题详解】根据后文“Whenyou’reactive,theysendchemicalsignalstellingyourbrain,“Hey,it’stimetogrow!”(当你活跃时，肌肉会发送化学信号告诉你的大脑，“嘿

，是时候生长了!”)”可知，此处承接后文，都在说明肌肉所起的作用。所以E选项“Butwhenitcomestogrowingnewbraincells,moreandmoreresearchshowsthatwhenyouexercise,yourmuscl

estakecharge.(但是，当谈到培养新的脑细胞时，越来越多的研究表明，当你运动时，你的肌肉在起作用。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。【48题详解】根据前文“Ina2016NationalInstituteonAgingstudy,peoplewho

ranonatreadmillfor45minutesthreedaysaweekboostedtheirlevelsofabrain-derivedneurotropic(神经营养的)factor,achemicalthatactslikefertilizerfornewbraincells.(

在2016年美国国家衰老研究所的一项研究中，每周三天在跑步机上跑步45分钟的人，提高了他们的一种脑源性神经滋养因子的水平，这种化学物质就像新脑细胞的肥料。)”可知，此处承接前文，说明经过更长时间的锻炼，会取

得的效果。所以C选项“Afterfourmonthsofworkouts,theirscoresimprovedonamemorytest.(经过四个月的锻炼，他们的记忆力测试分数有所提高。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。【49题详解】根据前文“Studies

suggestthatinyoungeradults,thiscanaddtotheoverallnumberofcellsinthehippocampus(海马体).(研究表明，在年轻人中，这会增加海马体细胞的总数。)”和后文“It’sagooddeal

.“There’sevidencethesenewbraincellsareveryactive,”shesays.“They’reexcitableliketeenagers.Theygetinvolvedinm

orememorycircuitsthanoldercellsdo.Yougetmoreconnections.”(这是一个很好的交易。“有证据表明，这些新的脑细胞非常活跃，”她说。“他们像青少年一样容易激动。它们比老细胞参与更多的

记忆回路。你会得到更多的联系。”)”可知，此处承上启下，说明锻炼的作用。所以F选项“Andonceage-relatedbrainchangesbegin,startinginour30s,exercisehelpskeepbraincellsalivelongerandrepl

acesoldcellswithnewones.(一旦与年龄相关的大脑开始发生变化，从30多岁开始，锻炼有助于让脑细胞活得更长，并用新细胞替换旧细胞。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中的“oldcellsw

ithnewones”呼应后文中的“thesenewbraincellsareveryactive”和“Theygetinvolvedinmorememorycircuitsthanoldercellsdo.”。故选F。【50题详解】根据后文“Ifyo

u’reinactive,astrollaroundtheblockmaybeallittakestoencourageneuroplasticity,shesays.Andeverybitcounts.(她说，如果你不爱运动，在附近散步可能就能促进神经可塑性。每一点都很重要。)可知，这里告诉人

们要运动，一点点也好。所以A选项“Again,alittlegoesalongway.(再说一遍，一点点运动就够了。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。IV.SummaryWriting(共10分)51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.S

ummarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.EffectsofAcidRainAf

terstudyingtheHubbardBrookForestandotherareas,researchersfoundseveralimportanteffectsofaciddeposition,morecommonlyreferredto

asacidrain,onbothnaturalandman-madeenvironments.Aquatic(水生的)settingsarethemostclearlyaffectedbecauseacidicprecipitationfallsdir

ectlyintothem.Asthisacidicliquidflowsintolargerbodiesofwater,itisdiluted(稀释).However,overtime,acidscanincrease

andlowertheoverallpHofthebodyofwater.Aciddepositionalsocausesclaysoilstoreleasealuminumandmagnesium,furtherloweringt

hepHinsomeareas.IfthepHofalakedropsbelow4.8,itsplantsandanimalsriskdeath.Itisestimatedthataround50,000lakesintheUnitedStat

esandCanadahaveapHbelownormal(about5.3forwater).SeveralhundredofthesehaveapHtoolowtosupportanyaquaticlife.Asidefromaquaticb

odies,aciddepositioncansignificantlyaffectforests.Asacidrainfallsontreesitcanmakethemlosetheirleaves,damagethei

rbark,andstunttheirgrowth.Bydamagingthesepartsofthetree,itmakesthemvulnerabletodisease,extremeweatherand

insects.Damagetoforestsbyacidrainisseenallovertheworld,butthemostadvancedcasesareinEasternEurope.HalfoftheforestsinGermanyandPolandandabout30

percentinSwitzerland,areestimatedtohavebeendamaged.Finally,aciddepositionalsohasaneffectonarchitectureand

artbecauseofitsabilitytocorrodecertainmaterials.Asacidlandsonbuildings(especiallythoseconstructedwithlimestone),itreactswith

mineralsinthestones,sometimescausingthemtodisintegrateandwashaway.___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Aresearchsu

ggeststhataciddepositionimpactsonbothnaturalandman-madeenvironments,aquaticsettingsinparticular.Itlowe

rstheoverallpHlevelsofthewaterandtheclaysoil,thusposingadeadlythreattotheplantsandanimals.Besides,itdestroysforestsbyloweringthetrees’resistancet

odiseasesandinsects.Furthermore,itcorrodescertainmaterialsofarchitectureandart.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了酸雨对自然环境，如水体、森林

，以及人造环境，如建筑、艺术品的破坏。【详解】1.要点摘录①AfterstudyingtheHubbardBrookForestandotherareas,researchersfoundseveralimportanteffectsofaciddeposition,morecommonl

yreferredtoasacidrain,onbothnaturalandman-madeenvironments.Aquatic(水生的)settingsarethemostclearlyaffect

edbecauseacidicprecipitationfallsdirectlyintothem.②However,overtime,acidscanincreaseandlowertheoverallpHofthebodyofwater.A

ciddepositionalsocausesclaysoilstoreleasealuminumandmagnesium,furtherloweringthepHinsomeareas.IfthepHofalakedropsbelow4

.8,itsplantsandanimalsriskdeath.③Asidefromaquaticbodies,aciddepositioncansignificantlyaffectforests.Asacidrain

fallsontreesitcanmakethemlosetheirleaves,damagetheirbark,andstunttheirgrowth.Bydamagingthesepartsofthetree,itmakesthemvulnerabletodisease,extrem

eweatherandinsects.④Finally,aciddepositionalsohasaneffectonarchitectureandartbecauseofitsabilitytocorrodecertainmaterials.2.缜密构思将各要点分别整合。3.遣词

造句Aresearchsuggeststhataciddepositionimpactsonbothnaturalandman-madeenvironments,aquaticsettingsinparticular.Aciddepositi

onlowerstheoverallpHlevelsofthewaterandtheclaysoil,thusposingadeadlythreattotheplantsandanimals.Besides,aciddepositiondestroy

sforestsbyloweringtheirresistancetodiseasesandinsects.Aciddepositioncorrodescertainmaterialsofarchitectureandart.【点睛】[高分句型1]Aresearch

suggeststhataciddepositionimpactsonbothnaturalandman-madeenvironments,aquaticsettingsinparticular.(运用宾语从句对原文第一段概括)[高分

句型2]ItlowerstheoverallpHlevelsofthewaterandtheclaysoil,thusposingadeadlythreattotheplantsandanimals.(对第二段进

行了概括，用现在分词作结果状语)[高分句型3]Besides,itdestroysforestsbyloweringthetrees’resistancetodiseasesandinsects.(概括了第三段内容，用动名词作介词by宾语，介词短

语表方式)V.Translation(共15分，3+3+4+5)Directions:Translatethefollowingsentenceswiththegivenwords.52.品种各异的芒果是热带地区所特有的。(peculiar)（汉译英）【答案】Variousmangoesarepe

culiartothetropics.【解析】【详解】考查形容词。表示“品种各异的”用形容词various，作定语修饰名词，表示“芒果”用名词mango，由various修饰，mango应用复数；表示“……特有的”用形容词短语bepeculiarto，句意描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为复

数，be动词用are；表示“热带地区”用名词thetropics，故翻译为：Variousmangoesarepeculiartothetropics.53.请确保所有检测结果阳性的人们都将得到恰当的治疗。(see)（汉译英）【答案】Pleaseseetoitthatallthosewh

otestpositivewillbetreatedappropriately.【解析】【详解】考查短语、时态、名词性从句和定语从句。seetoit+that从句，表示“确保”之意，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。句中先行词为those，指人，所以用关系代词

who引导。主句为祈使句，所以用动词原形。从句表示将要发生的事情，所以用一般将来时，先行词those与从句中动词treat之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据句意，故翻译为Pleaseseetoitthatallthosewhotestpositivewillbetreatedapprop

riately.54.这位受学生青睐的老师刚完成线上课堂教学就投入到社区志愿服务工作中去了。(Scarcely)（汉译英）【答案】Scarcelyhadhefinishedonlineteachingwhentheteacherw

howaslovedbyhisstudentsdevotedhimselftothevolunteeringserviveinthecommunity.【解析】【详解】考查短语、时态、定语从句和倒装。scarcely...when...刚……就……，sca

rcely位于句首，主句要部分倒装。onlineteaching线上课堂教学；devoteoneselfto致力于；投身于；volunteeringservive志愿服务；inthecommunity在社区。句中先行词为theteacher，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或t

hat引导。从句陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。scarcely所在的主句，谓语动作发生在when引导从句中的谓语动词devoted之前，因此主句用过去完成时。根据句意，故翻译为Scarcelyhadhefinishedonlinetea

chingwhentheteacherwhowaslovedbyhisstudentsdevotedhimselftothevolunteeringserviveinthecommunity.55.疫情期间，造谣或传谣

之人必须知道“玩火者必自焚”，所以改正错误才是免于惩罚的唯一办法。(epidemic)（汉译英）【答案】Duringtheepidemic,thosewhospreadrumorsmustknowthat“thosewhoplaywithfirewillgetburned”,socor

rectingtheirmistakesistheonlywaytogetawaywithit.【解析】【详解】考查时态，定语从句，动名词和主谓一致。句子描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“疫情期间”是duringtheepide

mic，“造谣或传谣之人”用who引导定语从句，翻译为“thosewhospreadrumors”，“必须知道”是mustknow，“玩火者”用who引导定语从句，是thosewhoplaywithfire，“必自焚”

是willgetburned，“所以”是so，“改正错误”用动名词作主语，翻译为correctingtheirmistakes，“免于惩罚”是getawaywithit，“唯一办法”是theonlyway，因此整句话翻译为“Duringtheepidemic,th

osewhospreadrumorsmustknowthat“thosewhoplaywithfirewillgetburned”,socorrectingtheirmistakesistheonlywaytogetaway

withit”。故答案为Duringtheepidemic,thosewhospreadrumorsmustknowthat“thosewhoplaywithfirewillgetburned”,socorrectingtheirmista

kesistheonlywaytogetawaywithit。VI.GuidedWriting(共25分)56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wo

rdsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校门口的道路每天上学和放学时间都是非常拥挤，来接送学生的车辆不仅造成了道路拥堵，也带了安全隐患，你决定就此事写一封邮件给学校相关部门，内

容包括：1.简单描述校门口道路交通状况及带来的问题；2.提出解决这一问题的方法，并说明理由。【答案】DearSir/Madam,Asyoucansee,theroadatthegateofourschoolisverycrowdedevery

dayduringandafterschoolhours.Thecarssendingandpickingupstudentsnotonlycausetrafficcongestionbutalsopot

entialsafetyproblems.Itishightimethatwetookmeasures.Iamwritingtopresentsomeofmythoughtsonhowtosolvethisproblem.Ontheonehand,wecantellparen

tstoparktheircars100or200metersaway.Usually,itisthecarswhichstoporturnaroundatthegatethatcausetrafficjam.Withoutthesevehicles,itwillbelesscrowded.On

theotherhand,wecangotoandfromschoolindifferentperiods,bydoingwhichparentsandstudentswillnotappearinlargenumbers.Lastbutnotleast,weshouldadvocate

low-carbonlifestyle,andsuggesttheparentslivingclosetoschoolwalktosendandpickuptheirchildren,whichisbeneficialtotheenviron

mentaswellastheirownhealth.Hopemyideascanbehelpful.Yours’LiMing【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。本篇要求考生给学校相关部门反应学校门口上下学拥挤的情况，并提出自己的解决方案。【详解】体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应以一般现在时为主要求

：1.简单描述校门口道路的交通状况及带来的问题；的2.提出解决这一问题的方法，并说明理由。第二步：列提纲（重点词组）crowded;pickup;notonly…butalso…;present;park;inlarg

enumbers;advocate;closeto;bebeneficialto;aswellas;helpful第三步：连词成句1.Asyoucansee,theroadatthegateofourschoolisverycrow

dedeverydayduringandafterschoolhours.2.Thecarssendingandpickingupstudentsnotonlycausetrafficcongestionbutals

opotentialsafetyproblems.3.Itishightimethatwetookmeasures.4Iamwritingtopresentsomeofmythoughtsonhowtosolvethisproblem.5.On

theonehand,wecantellparentstoparktheircars100or200metersaway.6.Usually,itisthecarswhichstoporturnaroundatthegatethatcausetrafficjam.7

.Withoutthesevehicles,itwillbelesscrowded.8.Ontheotherhand,wecangotoandfromschoolindifferentperiods,bydoin

gwhichparentsandstudentswillnotappearinlargenumbers.9.Lastbutnotleast,weshouldadvocatelow-carbonlifestyle,

andsuggesttheparentslivingclosetoschoolwalktosendandpickuptheirchildren,whichisbeneficialtotheenvironmentaswellastheirownhealth.10.Hop

emyideascanbehelpful.第四步：连句成篇（加入衔接词或从句）表示并列的连词：and/but/or/so…状语从句连词：because/if/though/although…定语从句连词：which/that/when/where…第五步：修改润色（

加入高级词汇或短语）【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些主从复合句，例如：Asyoucansee,theroadatthegateofourschoolisverycrowdedeverydayduringan

dafterschoolhours.中as引导非限制性定语从句；Usually,itisthecarswhichstoporturnaroundatthegatethatcausetrafficjam.中使用了强调句Itis+强调部分+that。.获得更多资

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