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SectionBReadingandThinking必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.To(说明)theuseofthismethod,wenowprovideanexampleoftheuseofthismethod.答案illus

trate2.Thattaughtmea(宝贵的)lessonandIpassitontothepeoplewhoworkinthemarket.答案precious3.Weareplanningtoholdapa

rtyforourgrandparentstocelebratetheirfiftiethanniversaryof(结婚).答案marriage4.The(大多数)ofpeopletakeintoomuchfatandnoteno

ughfiber,whichdoesgreatharmtotheirhealth.答案majority5.Someoftheseniorstudents(抱怨)thattheyhadnotimetoreadbecausethe

yhadtoomuchhomeworktodo.答案complained6.Theyarelikelyto(回应)positivelytothePresident’srequestforaid.答案respond7.Blackwellis59,strongandenormously

(精力充沛的).答案energetic8.Wewere(害怕的)todeathwhenthefirebrokeout.Fortunately,itwasputoutbeforeitcausedmuchdam

age.答案scaredⅡ.单句填空1.Canyougiveusanotherexample(illustrate)thisdifficultpoint?答案toillustrate2.Justquit(compla

in).Whatmattersnowishowtogetridofsuchanembarrassingsituation.答案complaining3.Aimedatyoungchildren,this(energy)magazinepromi

sestoenrichthelivesoffamilies.答案energetic4.Wesentoutover1,000lettersthatdaybutthe(respond)ratehasbeenlow.答案response5.Aftergrad

uation,heworksforacompanythat(publish)referencebooks.答案publishes6.Hehadthegoodsensetowithdrawfromthe(

elect)contest.答案election7.Sheturnedthesteering-wheel(sharp)tothelefttoavoidacyclist.答案sharply8.Iwaitedforherforalongtime,butshefailedtocomea

tthe(appoint)time.答案appointedⅢ.完成句子1.Whenevershemeetswithdifficulties,herdeterminationalways(帮她渡过难关).答

案carriesherthrough2.Theconsumers(抱怨)thepoorqualityoftheelectronicproducts.答案complainedabout3.TheUniversity’sLibrariesandLearningResou

rces(起重要作用)insupportingthestudies.答案playakeyrole4.Mysister(有重要的职位)inthedepartmentoftheenvironment.答案holdsanim

portantposition5.Ateachershould(对……负责)theconductofpupilsintheclassroom.答案beresponsiblefor6.Chinahasa

lwaysbeen(作为……而著名)alandofproprietyandrighteousness.答案knownas7.(大部分)studentswereinfavourofthesuggestionthattheygoforapicnicthenex

tday.答案Themajorityof关键能力提升练Ⅳ.阅读理解(2020·河南许昌高一期中)WorldVisionAddysonMoffittisan8-year-oldfromKansasCity,Missouri.MaurineGhelagatisa9-year

-oldfromavillageinKenyacalledBartabwa.Itmightnotseemasifthegirlshavemuchincommon,butwhentheymetatadinnertwoyearsagoi

nKansasCity,theyimmediatelyhititoff.“Wehadthislittleredballtoplaywith,”AddysontoldTimeforKids.“Wedidn’thaveanyelectronicsorphon

es,iPadsorTV.Itwasjustusplaying.”AddysonandMaurinestillkeepintouchnow.ThedinnerwashostedbythenonprofitgroupWorldVisi

onInternational,whichbuildswells,pipelines,andraincatchersincommunitieswherepeoplefindithardtogetcleanwater.Add

ysonwasatthedinnerbecauseherfamilysupportsWorldVision.Maurinewastherebecausehervillagehadbeenwithoutcleanwa

ter.WorldVisionfixedthatbybuildingawaterstationthere.“PeoplehelpedMaurinesoshecouldhavecleanwater,andki

dsaredyingbecausetheydon’thaveit,”Addysonsays.“Iwanttohelp.”RacesareonewaythatWorldVisionraisesmoneytopayforitsw

aterprojects.Runnersrunarace,oftena26-milemarathonor13-milehalfmarathon.Theyaskpeopletosupportthembydonating(捐赠)moneytoWorldVision.Add

ysondecidedtorunthe2017KansasCityHalfMarathonforWorldVision.Atage7,shewastheyoungestrunnerintherace,andhadtogetspecialpermission

totakepart.Addysonspentfourmonthstrainingwithherparents,wakingupbefore6a.m.torun.Meanwhile,shestartedfundraisi

ng(募捐)byaskingfriendstomakedonationsasbirthdaypresentsandclearingtablesatarestaurantfortips.ByOctober2017,whenAddysonrantherace,she’draised

morethan$20,000.She’stheyoungestpersoninWorldVisionhistorytoraisemorethan$10,000.In2018,sheranagainandraised$36,000.ButAddyson’sworkis

notfinished.“Mygoalisforeverykidtohavecleanwater,”shesays.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了八岁的女孩Addyson通过参加马拉松比赛为世界宣明会水利项目筹集资金,呼吁人们支持他们。1.Whatdoestheunderlin

edpart“hititoff”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Becamefriends.B.Hitonagoodidea.C.Helpedeachother.D.Reacheda

nagreement.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线部分的前一分句“Itmightnotseemasifthegirlshavemuchincommon”可知Addyson和Maurine似乎没有共同点,but表示转折,由此可推知两年前她们一见如故。故

可推测画线短语意思为“成为朋友”。故选A项。2.WhatcanwelearnaboutAddyson’sfamily?A.Theyaregoodatmarathons.B.TheyrunarestaurantinKansasCity.C.Theyaregenerousand

warm-hearted.D.TheyfoundedWorldVisionInternational.答案C解析推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Addysonspentfourmonthstrainingwithherparent

s,wakingupbefore6a.m.torun.Meanwhile,shestartedfundraising(募捐)byaskingfriendstomakedonationsasbirthdaypresents

andclearingtablesatarestaurantfortips.”可知Addyson一家非常热心,慷慨大方。故选C项。3.WhydidAddysonruntheKansasCityHalfMarath

on?A.TomeetupwithMaurine.B.Tocompetewithherparents.C.Togetachancetohavecleanwater.D.ToraisemoneyforkidslikeMa

urine.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第五段可知Addyson参加半程马拉松赛是为像Maurine这样的孩子筹集资金。故选D项。4.WhatrecordhasAddysonmadeinWorldVisionhistory?A.Thefirstkidtofinishahal

fmarathon.B.Thefirstrunnertoraisemorethan$20,000.C.Theyoungestrunnerina26-milemarathon.D.Theyoungestkidtoraisemorethan$

10,000.答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“She’stheyoungestpersoninWorldVisionhistorytoraisemorethan$10,000.”可知Addyson是世界宣明会历史上筹集了超过1万美

元的最年轻的人。故选D项。Ⅴ.七选五FlorenceNightingalewasnamedafterherbirthplace,Florence,Italy.Whenshewasalmostayearold,shereturnedwithherfamilytoEngland.Florenceo

ftenhelpedhermotherdeliverfoodtothepoorandsick.1Herfamilywasshockedbecausenursingwasnotarespectedprofession.ButFlo

rencewasdetermined.Shestudiedbooksonmedicine.Later,shevisitedhospitalsinFrance,GermanyandIrelandandlearnedeveryth

ingshecould.2In1854,BritainwasatwarwithRussia.FlorencewenttotheBritishhospitalinScutari(nowÜsküdarinIstanbul)andshewasshocked.Thehospitalleft

menlyingonthefloor,andratswererunningeverywhere.3Manysoldiersdiedbeforereceivinghelp.Thedoctorswouldn’tlistent

oFlorencebecausetheydidn’tliketheideaofwomeninarmyhospitals—untiloneday500unexpectedcasualties(伤亡者)arrived.4Florencemadechanges,making

surethemenwerewashedandtheirinjurieswerecaredfor.Everynightshewouldcheckthepatientswithherlamp.Whenshereturnedhomeafte

rthewar,afundhadbeensetupinherhonor.Manyofthesoldiersshehadnursedhadmadecontributions.NowshecouldsetuptheNightingaleTrainingSchoolinLond

on.Afteryearsofhardwork,FlorenceNightingalesawcleanerandmorecheerfulhospitals.5Allofthiswasbecauseofthe“ladywiththelamp”.A.Nursing

becameanhonoredprofession.B.Therewasnorunningwaterandnoheat.C.Sheknewshehadmuchtolearnaboutnursing.D.Florencesawthesoldiers’h

ealthhadimproved.E.Asshegrewolder,shedecidedtobecomeanurse.F.TheysoonrealizedthatFlorenceknewwhatshewasdoing.G.Uponr

eturninghome,shewasanexpertonhospitalmanagement.答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了护理先驱佛罗伦斯·南丁格尔的一生。1.E根据下一句“Herfamilywasshockedbecausenursingwasnotarespecte

dprofession.”可知,E项“随着南丁格尔慢慢长大,她决定要当一名护士。”符合该处语境。2.G根据上一句中的“shevisitedhospitalsinFrance,GermanyandIre

landandlearnedeverythingshecould.”可知,南丁格尔回到英国后已经非常熟悉医院管理方面的知识。3.BB项内容与上一句“Thehospitalleftmenlyingonthefloor,andratswererun

ningeverywhere.”并列,描述医院的惨状。4.F根据上一句中的“Thedoctorswouldn’tlistentoFlorence”和下一句中的“Florencemadechanges”可知,划线处在此承上启下,

因此F项“那些医生意识到南丁格尔能帮上忙”符合该处语境。5.A根据上一段末句中的“shecouldsetuptheNightingaleTrainingSchoolinLondon”以及该段中的“cleanerandmorecheerfulhospitals”可知,南丁格尔经

过多年的努力使得护理成了一个令人尊敬的职业。