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SectionBReadingandThinking必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单句填空1.Babiesarenotbornknowingthebasicfactofuniverse.答案the2.She(signal)apassingtaxiandaskedhimtotakehertothe

railwaystation.答案signalled3.Theprofessorwasdelightedtofindthattwothirdsoftheprojecthadbeenfinishedbythestudents(independent).答案independently4.Ihan

dedoutmyresumesandwenthomefeelingvery(disappoint).答案disappointed5.While(intelligence)peoplecanoftensimplify

thecomplex,afoolismorelikelytocomplicatethesimple.答案intelligent6.Johnnybrokeawayandranoutside,determinednever(go)to

anotherdance.答案togo7.Ourfeelingsofwell-beingatanymomentare(determine)toacertaindegreebygenes.答案determined8.

Hehasimprovedgreatlyatpianoplayingafterayear’s(far)study.答案further9.Chang’e4hasbeensent(explore)thefarsideofthemoon.答案toexplore10.Ittookhimalon

gtime(acquire)theskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.答案toacquireⅡ.短语填空(注意动词的适当形式)firstofall,makesure,succeedin,onboard,carryon,inthehopeof,bein

dependentof,bedisappointedat,becuriousabout,berelatedto1.Icomehereknowingmoreabouttheaccidentfromyou.答案inthehopeof2.Theythei

mmigrantwholivedupstairsaloneandwantedtopayavisittohim.答案werecuriousabout3.Shelookedaroundtothatshewasaloneandthenenteredthenearbybar.答

案makesure4.Ahighpercentageofthecrimeinthisareadrugabuse,sothepolicearetakingmeasurestofightagainstdrugs.答案i

srelatedto5.WhynotstudyatmedicalcollegelikeLinQiaozhiandyoursuperwork?答案carryon6.,paymoreattentiontoyourhealth.答案

Firstofall7.Havethepassengersbeenyet?TheplanetoMexicoisabouttotakeoff.答案onboard8.Wethenewsthathefailedintheelectionofastronauts.

答案weredisappointedat9.Itwasimportantformetomyparentsfinanciallyandmentally.答案beindependentof10.Shewasluckyandenteringacollegetoacceptfurthers

tudy.答案succeededinⅢ.一句多译1.我们的校长总是每天第一个到达学校。Ourheadmasterisalwaysthefirstschooleveryday.(定语从句)→Ourheadmasterisalwaysthefirstschooleveryday.(动词不定式短语)

答案whogetsto;togetto2.我弟弟决定大学毕业后当医生。Mybrotherhastobeadoctorafterhegraduatesfromuniversity.(mind)→Mybrotherasadoctorafterhegraduatesfromunive

rsity.(bedeterminedtodo)答案madeuphismind;wasdeterminedtowork3.三个多小时后,我们成功地登上了山顶。Afteroverthreehours,weuptothetopofthemountain.(managetodo

)→Afteroverthreehours,weuptothetopofthemountain.(succeedindoing)答案managedtoclimb;succeededinclimbing4.许多人到大城市去希望过

好的生活。Manypeoplegotobigcitieslivingabetterlife.(介词短语)→Manypeoplegotobigcitiesabetterlife.(动词-ing形式作伴随状语)答案in

thehopeof;hopingtolive5.我们努力学习是为了在结束中学生涯后考上大学。Westudyhardtouniversityafterwefinishmiddleschool.(soasto)→Westudy

hardtouniversityafterwefinishmiddleschool.(sothat)答案soastogo;sothatwecango关键能力提升练Ⅳ.阅读理解(2021·广西桂林十八中高一月考)Ourskiesarefillingupwithsatellites(卫星).Start

inginMay2019,thefirmSpaceXhasdeployed(部署)around700StarlinksatellitesintoEarthorbit(轨道)over11launches.Sp

aceXplanstodeploy12,000,andperhapslater42,000,satelliteswiththeaimofprovidingaccesstotheentireworld.Theses

atelliteshavethepromisetochangethewaythatthenightskylooks.Forcomparison,thereare2,600satellitescurrentlyorbitingEarth.

Thesedays,spotting(发现)afewsatellitesintheskyisstillanexcitingactivity.Therearemanyonlinetoolsavailabletopredictwh

enyoumightgetaglimpse(一瞥)ofaStarlinksatellite.One,calledFindStarlink,takesyourlocation(位置)andtellsyouwhattimeandwhereintheskytolook.Evenwitht

hehelpofatoolitcanstillbeagameofchance,butifyoutryafewtimes,youwilleventuallyseesomething.TogetthebestchanceofseeingaStarlinksatellite,pickac

learnight.Trytogetawayfromlightpollutionbygoingtoaparkoranopenfield,forexample.Letyourvision(视力)adjusttothedarkness,thenkeepaneyeout

formovingsourcesoflightinthesky.Satellitesareonlyvisible(可见的)whentheyreflectsunlightbacktoEarth.Becauseofthis,thebestti

metolookisjustaftersunsetorjustbeforesunrise,whensunlightisstillreflectingoffthesatellitesbutitisdarkenoughtoseethem.Ifyoucan’ttellwhetheryouare

lookingatisasatelliteorsomethingelse,thereareafewsimplerulestotellthedifference.Ifapointoflightissteadyandnotmovingcomparedwitheverythingelse,it

isastar.Ifitisabrightlightmovingslowlycomparedwiththestars,itisaplanet.Ifitisabrightflashmovingextremelyquicklyac

rosstheskyinseconds,itisameteor(流星).【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了卫星的重要性以及如何分辨卫星。1.WhydoesthefirmSpaceXplantosendmoresatellitesintospace?

A.Tochangetheviewofthenightsky.B.Tooffermoreexactlocationdatatothearmy.C.Toprovideinformationforscientificresearch.D.T

omakeInternetavailabletothewholeworld.答案D解析推理判断题。通过文章第一段“SpaceXplanstodeploy12,000,andperhapslater42,000,satelliteswiththeaimofprovidingacc

esstotheentireworld.”可推知,SpaceX公司计划向太空发射更多的卫星的目的是使全世界都能使用因特网。故选D项。2.ToseeaStarlinksatellitebetter,whatshouldweavoid?A.Choosingaclearnight.B

.Stayingawayfromlightpollution.C.Lookingatmovinglightaftersunrise.D.Makingyoureyesusedtothedarksky.答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Letyourvisionadjustt

othedarkness,thenkeepaneyeoutformovingsourcesoflightinthesky.”可知,观测时应该让眼睛适应黑暗,所以我们应该避免看日出后移动的光线。故选C项。3.Whatisitifalightpointissteady

andnotmovingcomparedwithabuilding?A.Astar.B.Aplanet.C.Ameteor.D.Aplane.答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Ifapointoflightissteadyandnotmov

ingcomparedwitheverythingelse,itisastar.”可知,与建筑物相比,如果一个光点是稳定的,而不是移动的,则是恒星。故选A项。4.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?A.S

paceXhaslaunched11StarlinksatellitesontoMars.B.Satellitesareonlyvisiblewhentheytakeinsunlight.C.Thebesttimetolookatsatellitesisbefore

sunriseaswellasaftersunset.D.TherearemanywaysavailableforpeopletospotaStarlinksatelliteonline.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Becauseofthis,th

ebesttimetolookisjustaftersunsetorjustbeforesunrise,whensunlightisstillreflectingoffthesatellitesbutiti

sdarkenoughtoseethem.”可知,观察卫星的最佳时间是日出前和日落后。故选C项。Ⅴ.七选五Itsoundslikesomethingfromsciencefiction—aspacejourneyintothevast

expanseofspace,headingtowardsMars.Whilewe’renotquitereadytoputapersonontheland,thequestionweasktodayis:1T

hespaceracesawtheUSAandUSSRcompetetoachievefirstsinspaceflight.TheSovietUnionreleasedSputnik1,anartificialsatellite,bef

oreanyoneelse.2NowitappearsthatMarsistheheavenbodyofdesire.Whilethereputationandbragging(吹嘘)rightstobethefirstnationtot

ouchdownisanobviousdraw,thereareotherreasonswewanttogetthere.3Youonlyhavetolookatthefossilizedremainsofthedinosaurs

toseethebenefitoffindinganotherhabitableplanet.WhileMarsdoesn’thavetherightconditionstocallithomejustyet,there’salwaystheconcepto

fterraforming(地球化)—changingtheenvironmentofaplanettosuitourneeds.However,noteveryoneagrees.4Hehassaidtheconceptofchanginghabitabilityofanotherpl

anetbecauseofthedamagewehavedonetoEarthmakesnosensewhenwecansimplyterraformEarth.Itseemsthemainreasonisthesea

rchforextraterrestrial(地球外的)life.5Nowseeminglydead,thepotentialfossilscouldanswerquestionsaboutourownevolutionandt

hatofourplanet.Onetheoryisthatbacteriallifeonourplanetdidn’tstarthere,butwastransferredviaasteroid(小行星)

fromMars.A.AndtheUSlandedontheMoonfirst.B.LeadingastrophysicistNeilTysonisoneofthem.C.Oneofthesecouldbethesurvivalofou

rspecies.D.whyaresomanycountriesinterestedingoingtoMars?E.Ithasbeenbelievedthat,atonetime,Marswasabundantwithlife

.F.Surelyinspiringanewgenerationtovisitthestarsisreasonenough.G.maylandingonMarsinspiremorepeopletobecomeinterestedinscience?答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇议

论文。文章分析了为什么有这么多国家对登陆火星感兴趣。1.D根据上文“Whilewe’renotquitereadytoputapersonontheland,thequestionweasktodayis:”可知,此处会是一个疑问句,内容与登陆火星有关,D项符

合题意。故选D项。2.A根据上文“ThespaceracesawtheUSAandUSSRcompetetoachievefirstsinspaceflight.TheSovietUnionreleasedSputnik1,anartif

icialsatellite,beforeanyoneelse.”可知,此处内容与美国在太空方面的领先有关,A项符合题意。故选A项。3.C根据下文“Youonlyhavetolookatthefossilizedremainsofthedinosaurstoseethebenefitoffi

ndinganotherhabitableplanet.”可知,此处内容与其中一个原因与人类的生存有关,C项中thesurvivalofourspecies对应下一句“fossilizedremainsofthedinosaurs”。C项符合题意。故选C项。4.B根据下

文“HehassaidtheconceptofchanginghabitabilityofanotherplanetbecauseofthedamagewehavedonetoEarthmakesnosen

sewhenwecansimplyterraformEarth.”可知,此处内容与有反对的人有关,下一句代词he指的是B项中的NeilTyson。B项符合题意。故选B项。5.E根据上文“Itseemsthemainreasonisthesearchforextraterres

trial(地球外的)life.”可知,此处内容与地球外的生命有关,且E项中atonetime对应下一句“Nowseeminglydead”。E项符合题意。故选E项。