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SectionBReadingandThinking必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单句填空1.Babiesarenotbornknowingthebasicfactofuniverse.答案the2.She(signal)apassingtax

iandaskedhimtotakehertotherailwaystation.答案signalled3.Theprofessorwasdelightedtofindthattwothirdsofthepr

ojecthadbeenfinishedbythestudents(independent).答案independently4.Ihandedoutmyresumesandwenthomefeelin

gvery(disappoint).答案disappointed5.While(intelligence)peoplecanoftensimplifythecomplex,afoolismorelikelytocomplicatethesimple.答案intelligent6.Johnnybr

okeawayandranoutside,determinednever(go)toanotherdance.答案togo7.Ourfeelingsofwell-beingatanymomentare(determine)toacertaindegreebygenes.

答案determined8.Hehasimprovedgreatlyatpianoplayingafterayear’s(far)study.答案further9.Chang’e4hasbeensen

t(explore)thefarsideofthemoon.答案toexplore10.Ittookhimalongtime(acquire)theskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.答案toacquireⅡ.短语

填空(注意动词的适当形式)firstofall,makesure,succeedin,onboard,carryon,inthehopeof,beindependentof,bedisappointedat,becuriousabout

,berelatedto1.Icomehereknowingmoreabouttheaccidentfromyou.答案inthehopeof2.Theytheimmigrantwholivedupstairsaloneandwanted

topayavisittohim.答案werecuriousabout3.Shelookedaroundtothatshewasaloneandthenenteredthenearbybar.答案makesure4.Ahighpercentageofthecrimeinthisarea

drugabuse,sothepolicearetakingmeasurestofightagainstdrugs.答案isrelatedto5.WhynotstudyatmedicalcollegelikeLinQiaozhiandyoursuperwork?答案carryo

n6.,paymoreattentiontoyourhealth.答案Firstofall7.Havethepassengersbeenyet?TheplanetoMexicoisabouttotakeoff.答案onboard8.We

thenewsthathefailedintheelectionofastronauts.答案weredisappointedat9.Itwasimportantformetomyparentsfinanciallyandmentally.答案beindepend

entof10.Shewasluckyandenteringacollegetoacceptfurtherstudy.答案succeededinⅢ.一句多译1.我们的校长总是每天第一个到达学校。Ourheadmasterisalwaysthefirstschooleveryd

ay.(定语从句)→Ourheadmasterisalwaysthefirstschooleveryday.(动词不定式短语)答案whogetsto;togetto2.我弟弟决定大学毕业后当医生。Mybrotherhastobeadoctorafterhegraduat

esfromuniversity.(mind)→Mybrotherasadoctorafterhegraduatesfromuniversity.(bedeterminedtodo)答案madeuphismind;wasdeterminedtowork3.三个多小时后,我们成功地登上了山顶。

Afteroverthreehours,weuptothetopofthemountain.(managetodo)→Afteroverthreehours,weuptothetopofthemountain.(succeedindoing)答案manage

dtoclimb;succeededinclimbing4.许多人到大城市去希望过好的生活。Manypeoplegotobigcitieslivingabetterlife.(介词短语)→Manypeoplegotobigciti

esabetterlife.(动词-ing形式作伴随状语)答案inthehopeof;hopingtolive5.我们努力学习是为了在结束中学生涯后考上大学。Westudyhardtouniversityafterwefi

nishmiddleschool.(soasto)→Westudyhardtouniversityafterwefinishmiddleschool.(sothat)答案soastogo;sothatwecango关键能力提升练Ⅳ.阅读理解(2021·广西

桂林十八中高一月考)Ourskiesarefillingupwithsatellites(卫星).StartinginMay2019,thefirmSpaceXhasdeployed(部署)around700Starl

inksatellitesintoEarthorbit(轨道)over11launches.SpaceXplanstodeploy12,000,andperhapslater42,000,satelliteswiththeaimofprovid

ingaccesstotheentireworld.Thesesatelliteshavethepromisetochangethewaythatthenightskylooks.Forcompariso

n,thereare2,600satellitescurrentlyorbitingEarth.Thesedays,spotting(发现)afewsatellitesintheskyisstillanexcitingactivity.Thereareman

yonlinetoolsavailabletopredictwhenyoumightgetaglimpse(一瞥)ofaStarlinksatellite.One,calledFindStarlink,takesyourlocation(位置)andtellsy

ouwhattimeandwhereintheskytolook.Evenwiththehelpofatoolitcanstillbeagameofchance,butifyoutryafewtimes,youwilleventuallyseesometh

ing.TogetthebestchanceofseeingaStarlinksatellite,pickaclearnight.Trytogetawayfromlightpollutionbygoingtoaparkoranopenfield,fo

rexample.Letyourvision(视力)adjusttothedarkness,thenkeepaneyeoutformovingsourcesoflightinthesky.Satellitesareonlyvisible(可见的)whentheyreflects

unlightbacktoEarth.Becauseofthis,thebesttimetolookisjustaftersunsetorjustbeforesunrise,whensunlightisstillre

flectingoffthesatellitesbutitisdarkenoughtoseethem.Ifyoucan’ttellwhetheryouarelookingatisasatelliteorsomethingelse,thereareaf

ewsimplerulestotellthedifference.Ifapointoflightissteadyandnotmovingcomparedwitheverythingelse,itisastar.Ifitisabrightlightmovingsl

owlycomparedwiththestars,itisaplanet.Ifitisabrightflashmovingextremelyquicklyacrosstheskyinseconds,itisameteor(流星).【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了

卫星的重要性以及如何分辨卫星。1.WhydoesthefirmSpaceXplantosendmoresatellitesintospace?A.Tochangetheviewofthenightsky.B.Tooffermoreexactl

ocationdatatothearmy.C.Toprovideinformationforscientificresearch.D.TomakeInternetavailabletothewholeworld.答案D解析推理判

断题。通过文章第一段“SpaceXplanstodeploy12,000,andperhapslater42,000,satelliteswiththeaimofprovidingaccesstotheentireworld.”可推知,SpaceX公司计划向太空发射更多

的卫星的目的是使全世界都能使用因特网。故选D项。2.ToseeaStarlinksatellitebetter,whatshouldweavoid?A.Choosingaclearnight.B.Stayingawayfrom

lightpollution.C.Lookingatmovinglightaftersunrise.D.Makingyoureyesusedtothedarksky.答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Letyourvisionadjusttot

hedarkness,thenkeepaneyeoutformovingsourcesoflightinthesky.”可知,观测时应该让眼睛适应黑暗,所以我们应该避免看日出后移动的光线。故选C项。3.

Whatisitifalightpointissteadyandnotmovingcomparedwithabuilding?A.Astar.B.Aplanet.C.Ameteor.D.Aplane.答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“

Ifapointoflightissteadyandnotmovingcomparedwitheverythingelse,itisastar.”可知,与建筑物相比,如果一个光点是稳定的,而不是移动的,则是恒星。故选A项

。4.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?A.SpaceXhaslaunched11StarlinksatellitesontoMars.B.Satellitesareonlyvisi

blewhentheytakeinsunlight.C.Thebesttimetolookatsatellitesisbeforesunriseaswellasaftersunset.D.Therearemanywaysav

ailableforpeopletospotaStarlinksatelliteonline.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Becauseofthis,thebesttimetolookisjustaf

tersunsetorjustbeforesunrise,whensunlightisstillreflectingoffthesatellitesbutitisdarkenoughtoseethem.”可知,观察卫星的

最佳时间是日出前和日落后。故选C项。Ⅴ.七选五Itsoundslikesomethingfromsciencefiction—aspacejourneyintothevastexpanseofspace,headingtow

ardsMars.Whilewe’renotquitereadytoputapersonontheland,thequestionweasktodayis:1ThespaceracesawtheUSAandUSSRcompet

etoachievefirstsinspaceflight.TheSovietUnionreleasedSputnik1,anartificialsatellite,beforeanyoneelse.2Nowi

tappearsthatMarsistheheavenbodyofdesire.Whilethereputationandbragging(吹嘘)rightstobethefirstnationtotouchdownisanobviousdraw,the

reareotherreasonswewanttogetthere.3Youonlyhavetolookatthefossilizedremainsofthedinosaurstoseethebenefito

ffindinganotherhabitableplanet.WhileMarsdoesn’thavetherightconditionstocallithomejustyet,there’salwaystheconceptofterraforming(地球化)—changingthee

nvironmentofaplanettosuitourneeds.However,noteveryoneagrees.4Hehassaidtheconceptofchanginghabitabilityofan

otherplanetbecauseofthedamagewehavedonetoEarthmakesnosensewhenwecansimplyterraformEarth.Itseemsthemainreasonisthesearchforext

raterrestrial(地球外的)life.5Nowseeminglydead,thepotentialfossilscouldanswerquestionsaboutourownevolutionandthatofourplanet.Onetheoryistha

tbacteriallifeonourplanetdidn’tstarthere,butwastransferredviaasteroid(小行星)fromMars.A.AndtheUSlandedontheMoonfirst.B.LeadingastrophysicistNeilTys

onisoneofthem.C.Oneofthesecouldbethesurvivalofourspecies.D.whyaresomanycountriesinterestedingoingtoMars?E.Ithasbeenbelievedthat,atonetime,Ma

rswasabundantwithlife.F.Surelyinspiringanewgenerationtovisitthestarsisreasonenough.G.maylandingonMarsinspirem

orepeopletobecomeinterestedinscience?答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章分析了为什么有这么多国家对登陆火星感兴趣。1.D根据上文“Whilewe’renotquitereadytoputapersonontheland,thequest

ionweasktodayis:”可知,此处会是一个疑问句,内容与登陆火星有关,D项符合题意。故选D项。2.A根据上文“ThespaceracesawtheUSAandUSSRcompetetoachievefirstsinspaceflight.TheSovietUn

ionreleasedSputnik1,anartificialsatellite,beforeanyoneelse.”可知,此处内容与美国在太空方面的领先有关,A项符合题意。故选A项。3.C根据下文“Youonlyhavetolookatthefossilized

remainsofthedinosaurstoseethebenefitoffindinganotherhabitableplanet.”可知,此处内容与其中一个原因与人类的生存有关,C项中thesurvivalofourspecies对应下一句“f

ossilizedremainsofthedinosaurs”。C项符合题意。故选C项。4.B根据下文“Hehassaidtheconceptofchanginghabitabilityofanoth

erplanetbecauseofthedamagewehavedonetoEarthmakesnosensewhenwecansimplyterraformEarth.”可知,此处内容与有反对的人有关,下一句代词he指的是B项中的Ne

ilTyson。B项符合题意。故选B项。5.E根据上文“Itseemsthemainreasonisthesearchforextraterrestrial(地球外的)life.”可知,此处内容与地球外的生命有关,且E项中atonetime对应下一句“Nowseeminglydead”。

E项符合题意。故选E项。