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SectionBReadingandThinking必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单句填空1.Whatyouwearshouldbestylishandclean,andmust(definite)fitwell.答

案definitely2.(fortunate),peoplearebeginningtorealizehowseriousthissituationis.答案Fortunately3.Iwasmorethangladto(admit)intothekeyuniversityafteryears

ofhardwork.答案beadmitted4.ItoccurredmetogotoattendameetingwhenIwasabouttogohome.答案to5.Employersusuallydecidewithinfiveminuteswhethersomeoneis

(suit)forthejob.答案suitable6.Thedrivernarrowlyescaped(kill)inthetrafficaccident.答案beingkilled7.Hemakeslivingbydoingbusinessaloneandsupport

salargefamily.答案a8.Somepeoplefearthatairpollutionmaybringchangesintheweatheraroundtheworld.答案about9.The(select

)ofTVprogrammes,especiallyattheweekend,leavesalottobedesired.答案selection10.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4(find

)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.答案tofindⅡ.短语填空(注意动词的适当形式)bringabout,earnaliving,openup,headto,jointo,seekone’sfortune,aserie

sof,apartfrom1.Thepeoplepresentatthemeetingputforwardquestionslastnight.答案aseriesof2.afewspellingmistakes,thiscomposi

tionofyoursiswellwritten.答案Apartfrom3.Inordertosupportthefamily,MrBrownarestaurantinthecity.答案openedup4.IGuangzhourecentlytohelplaunc

hournewcompany.答案headedto5.ItisknowntoallthatSouthAmericaisNorthAmericabyacanal.答案joinedto6.Itwasnotlongbeforetheylefttheir

villagetoinbigcities.答案seektheirfortune7.Itisscienceandtechnologythathasgreatchangesinourlives.答案broughtabou

t8.Whatdidyoudotowhenyouwerelivingabroad?答案earnalivingⅢ.一句多译1.毕业后,简在幼儿园任教谋生。Aftergraduation,Janebyteachingchildreninakindergarten.→Aftergraduation

,Janebyteachingchildreninakindergarten.答案earnedaliving;madealiving2.除了一本字典外,我还买了几本英文小说。adictionary,Ialsoboughts

everalEnglishnovels.→adictionary,IalsoboughtseveralEnglishnovels.答案Apartfrom;Asidefrom3.我突然想起我离开教室时忘了锁门

。IsuddenlyIdidn’tlocktheclassroombeforeIleft.→ItsuddenlythatIdidn’tlocktheclassroombeforeIleft.答案rememberedthat;occurredtome4.因为它位于一座大山的顶部,这

个城市可以让我们看到大海的美景。Asitonthetopofabighill,thecityoffersagoodviewoftheocean.→onthetopofabighill,thecityoffersagoodviewoftheocea

n.答案islocated;Located/Standing关键能力提升练Ⅳ.阅读理解(2020·辽宁葫芦岛高一下期末)Americancultureisuniquebecauseitisformedanddevelopedundercertaincondition

s.Themajorfactorscontributingtothemakingofthisnewnationandtheformingofanewculturearethehardenvironment,ethnicdiversityandpluralreligi

on,whicharequitedifferentfromothernationsintheworld.Whatismore,theseelementsarestillinfluencingtheAmeri

canculture.TheearlyimmigrantswhowereEnglishsettledinthenortheastpartofAmericafrom1607to1892.Frontierswerepushedfurtherwest.Thef

rontiersmenlookedforalandofrichresourcesandalandofpromise,opportunityandfreedom.Actuallytheylookedforabetterlife.Soindividualism,s

elf-reliance,andequalityofopportunityhaveperhapsbeenthevaluesmostcloselyassociatedwiththefrontierheritageofAmerica.Inhistory,peoplefromdifferent

countriesintheworldrushedtoAmericathreetimes.TheybroughttheirownculturetoAmericaandlateron,differentculturesweremixedtogether.ThustheuniqueAmericancu

lturewasformed,acommonculturallifewithcommonlysharedvalues.ThefundamentalAmericanbeliefinindividualf

reedomandthefightofindividualstopracticetheirownreligionisatthecentreofreligiousexperienceintheUnitedStates.Thegreatdiversityofethnicbackgro

undshasproducedreligiouspluralism(多元化);almostallofthereligionsoftheworldarenowpracticedintheUnitedStates.Nowadays,wecanseethec

ontinualinfluenceofthethreeelementsinthecurrentAmericansociety.Americanfamilyistypicallyparentsandtheirunmarriedchi

ldren.Middle-agedandelderlypeoplegenerallydonotlivewiththeirmarriedchildren.ThepeopleinAmericahaveaverystrongdesiretostartane

wlifeinanewplace.Quiteanumberofpeoplechangeresidenceseveryyear.TheaverageAmericanmovesfourteentimesinhislifetime.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要叙述的是美国文化独特

的原因,介绍了影响美国文化的三个主要因素并分别介绍了这三个因素影响美国文化的具体原因。1.Wecanlearnfromthisarticlethat.A.thepopulationoftheUnitedStatesincludesalargevariet

yofethnicgroupsB.theearlyimmigrantsbroughtabouttheuniqueAmericancultureC.peopleintheworldoncerushedtoAmericabecauseofitsuni

quecultureD.theAmericanfamilymembersdon’tgetalongwellwitheachother答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句“Inhistory,peoplefromdifferentcoun

triesintheworldrushedtoAmericathreetimes.”可知,历史上来自不同国家的人曾三次涌进美国,这给美国的文化带来了种族方面的多元化。故A项正确。2.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsAmericancu

lture?A.Heiscriticalofit.B.Headmiresitverymuch.C.Hejuststatesthefacts.D.Helooksdownuponit.答案C解析推理判断题。作者在文章中客观叙述了影响美国文化的三个主要因素:t

hehardenvironment,ethnicdiversity和pluralreligion。并没有发表个人观点,所以C项叙述正确。3.Thelastparagraphisabout.A.thefamilystructureinAmericansocietyB.theinfl

uenceofthethreeelementsinthecurrentAmericansocietyC.thenewlifestyleofAmericanfamilyD.thereasonwhyAmericanpe

opleliketochangeresidences答案B解析主旨大意题。根据本段中心句即第一句“Nowadays,wecanseethecontinualinfluenceofthethreeelementsinthecurrentAmericansociety

.”可知,本段主要叙述的是这三个因素在当今美国社会中的影响。故B项正确。4.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleofthisarticle?A.TheImmigrantsinAmericaB.WhyA

mericanCultureIsUniqueC.TheInfluenceofAmericanCultureD.PluralReligionandAmericanCulture答案B解析主旨大意题。根据文章中心句第一句“Americancultureis

uniquebecauseitisformedanddevelopedundercertainconditions.”可知,本文主要叙述的是美国文化独特的原因,介绍了影响美国文化的三个主要因素并分别介绍了这三个因素影响美国文化的具体原因。故B项

正确。Ⅴ.七选五(2021·重庆育才中学高一月考)Whatisculture?Cultureistoocomplextodefineinsimpleterms.1Oneisthatcultureisatotalpat

ternofbehaviourthatisconsistentinitscomponents.Anotherfundamentalisthatcultureislearnedbehaviour.Thethirdisthatcultureisbehaviourthatissharedbyagrou

pofpeople.Tounderstandthecultureofaparticularcountryorregion,onecouldexamineitscomponents,amongwhicharematerialculture,languag

e,andsocialorganisation.Materialcultureincludesthetoolsandsymbolsinasociety,notincludingthosephysicalthingsfoundin

nature,unlesstheyhaveundergonesomechangeorhavebeengivenmeaningbypeople.2Thewayweconsumeandwhatweconsumeareheavilyinfluencedbymaterial

culture.3Linkedwithallotheraspectsofculture,itreflectsthenatureandvaluesofthatculture.Industrialisedsocietieshavearichvocabularyforcommercialandi

ndustrialactivities,whilelessindustrialisedsocietiesmayhaverichervocabulariesformattersimportanttotheirsocieties.TheEskimosinAlaskahavemanyw

ordstodescribesnowwhereasEnglishhasonlyonegeneralterm.Socialorganisationdifferssomewhatfromsocietytosociety.Theprimarykind

ofcommunityassociationisbasedonbloodties.4.Itprovidesmutualprotection,psychologicalsupport,andakindofeconomicinsuranceorsocialsecurityforitsme

mbers.Theterm“brothers”inZaireincludesthosewhomwecallcousinsanduncles.Culturalanalysisservesavarietyofpurposes.Unde

rstandingthevariousdimensionsandtheirinter-relatednesshelpspromotecross-culturalawareness.5A.Somescholarsevensuggestthatitisuselesst

otry.B.Languageisthemostobviousdifferencebetweencultures.C.However,therearecertainagreed-onfundamentalsthatcanbeeasilyidentified.D.Theval

uesrepresentedwithinaculturecanalsochangewiththepassingoftime.E.Forexample,amouserunningonastreetisnotpa

rtofaculture,buttheMickeyMouseis.F.Inmanydevelopingcountries,theextendedfamilyfulfillsseveralsocialan

deconomicroles.G.Itleadsontothepromotionofgoodwill,socialandeconomicplanningandharmonybetweensocialgroupingsorsocieties.答案与解析【语篇解读

】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章从三个方面论述了什么是文化,如何理解文化,以及分析文化有何好处。1.C根据上一句:文化太复杂,不能用简单的术语来定义。而下面却又给文化下了定义,可知,文化虽复杂,不好简单定义,但在某些方面还是达成共识的

。前后内容是相反的。分析选项可知C项中的“however”表示转折,符合题意,故选C项。2.E根据空格的上句“Materialcultureincludesthetoolsandsymbolsinasociety,notincludingthosephysicalthin

gsfoundinnature,unlesstheyhaveundergonesomechangeorhavebeengivenmeaningbypeople”可知,物质文化不包括自然界中发现的物质事物,除非它们经历了某种变化或被

人们赋予了意义。分析选项可知E项中说的过街老鼠不是物质文化的一部分,但米老鼠就被赋予了意义,成为文化的一部分。由此可推断E项符合题意,故选E项。3.B本空格所在的第三段中出现的“vocabularies”“words”“English”等,都属于语言(Language)的范畴,可知本段主要

讲述的是不同文化中所用的语言和词汇存在着差异,分析选项可知B项符合语境,故选B项。4.F根据空前的“第一种社区交往是以血缘关系为基础的。”可知,此处是指以血缘关系为基础的即是家庭(family)。结合下句“它为其成员提供相互保护、心理支持和一种经济保险或社会保障。”可知,大家庭在社会经济中的

作用。结合空格前后的语境可知,本段主要介绍了大家庭发挥了若干社会和经济作用。分析选项可知F项符合题意,故选F项。5.G根据本段的首句“文化分析有多种用途”以及空前的“了解不同的维度及其相互关系有助于提高跨

文化意识”可推断出空格主要叙述文化分析的作用。分析选项可知G项符合题意,故选G项。