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练习57语法填空＋阅读理解授课提示：对应学生用书143页Ⅰ.语法填空2023·全国甲卷说明文175词★★★★★Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)1._____

___(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell­knownAesop'

sfablesdatetothe2.________(six)centuryB．C.Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,3.________RachelCarsonsaysin“

AFableforTomorrow”．Carsonusesasimple,directstylecommontofables.Infact,herstyleandtone(口吻)areseeminglydirectedatchildren.“Therewason

ceatownintheheartofAmerica4.________alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco­existencewithitssurroundings，”her

fablebegins,5.________(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage­oldfables.Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage

6.________(intend)foreveryone.7．________(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson'sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.S

hewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety,andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibility8.________savingtheiren

vironment.Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Carson'sthemeisamoreweighty9.________(warn)aboutenvir

onmentaldestruction.Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteraryformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill10.________(employ)todaytodrawa

ttentiontoimportanttruths.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。1．答案与解析：toteach考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的

状语。故填toteach。2．答案与解析：sixth考查序数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。3．答案与解析：as考查定

语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。4．答案与解析：where考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里

所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填whe

re。5．答案与解析：borrowing考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语herfable与borrow之间

为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。6．答案与解析：intended考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。beintendedfor打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去

分词形式。故填intended。7．答案与解析：Different考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。bedifferentfrom与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。8．答案与解析：for考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险

，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。takeresponsibilityfor对……负责。故填for。9．答案与解析：warning考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名

词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。10．答案与解析：beemployed考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语

asimpleliteraryform与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填beemployed。Ⅱ.阅读理解A2024·福建省练习卷议论文248词★★★★☆You'veheardanoldChinesesa

yingbefore:Giveamanafishandyoufeedhimforaday;teachamantofishandyoufeedhimforalifetime.Youmayevenbenod

dingyourheadinagreementrightnow.However，wecanhaveadifferentunderstandingofit.Whenapersonisstarving,that'snotthetimetofilltheirheadwithkno

wledgebuttofirstgivethepersonafish—eradicatingtheirhunger—andonlythenteachthemtofish.Fartoooften,peopleignorethiscom

mon­sensefirststep.Theyseesomeonewhoisstruggling,andtheyrushtoofferwisdom.“LetmetellyouwhatI'ddoinyourposi

tion，”awell­meaningindividualmightoffer.Butfewofusunderstandtheanxiety,confusionanduncertaintythatcomewithoverwhelmingneed.Peoplemeetingwithper

sonaldisastersdon'thavetheabilitytothinkstraight.Theirnervesmaybeshot.Theirconfidencemaybenon­existent.Canyouimaginewhatitwouldbeliketobeinth

atperson'ssituation?Rushingtoofferastrugglingpersonlong­termadviceisawasteoftime.Instead,itmakesfarmoresensetohelpthemregaintheire

motionalbalance.Oncetheirears,heartandmindopen,you'llhaveanopportunitytoteachanewskill.Buthowdoweknowwhetherapersonneedsafi

shbeforeafishinglesson?Twothings:Oneistheabilitytopayattention.Weneedtoknowwhethertheotherpersonisopenandrecept

ive,orlookingattheworldthroughnarrowedeyes.Youcan'tjusttaketheirwordsbuthavetolookathowthepersonactsandwhattheydon'tsay.Theotherisempathy(共情)

.Themoresuccessfulyouare,theharderitistoimaginewhatitmustbeliketobetheopposite.Trytocreateasafeenvironmentforemotionalacce

ptancebeforethefishinglesson.【语篇解读】人们总认为饥饿的人最需要的是食物，只有填饱肚子才能帮助他们平复因饥饿而产生的焦虑、困惑等消极因素，让他们愿意接受新思想，第二步才能教会他们智慧和方法。但是，人们往

往忽视了第一步的重要性。1．Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Toillustrateaconcept.B．Tobringinanewviewpoint.C．Tointroducethebackground.D．Toputupa

nexample.答案与解析：B推断。通读第一段并结合下文内容可知，该段从中国谚语“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”说起，引出本文的新观点：在别人饥饿时，当务之急是给他食物让他消除饥饿，这是关键的一步，却常被人忽略。故B项正确。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eradicating

”meaninParagraph2?A．Gettingridof.B．Payingattentionto.C．Makingupfor.D．Puttingupwith.答案与解析：A理解词汇。根据第二段的“tofirs

tgivethepersonafish—eradicatingtheirhunger”并结合常识可知，当一个人挨饿的时候，不要给他灌输知识，而是先给他一条鱼，以消除他们的饥饿，然后再教他们钓鱼。据此可知

，画线词意为“消除”，故A项正确。3．Whatshouldwedofirstforthoseindisasters?A．Getthemtothinkstraight.B．Enhancetheirconfidenc

e.C．Satisfytheirprimaryneeds.D．Teachthemanewskill.答案与解析：C推断。根据第二段的“Whenapersonis...teachthemtofish”可知，当一个人挨饿的时候

，不要给他灌输知识，而是先给他一条鱼——消除他们的饥饿——然后再教他们钓鱼。据此可以推知，对于那些身陷灾难中的人，我们首先应当满足其基本需求，故C项正确。4．Whichdoestheauthorprobablyagreewithaccordin

gtothelastparagraph?A．Liveandlearn.B．Neverteachafishtoswim.C．Putyourselfinothers'shoes.D．Don'tteachanolddognewtricks.答案与解析：C推断。通读尾段可知，尾段指出确定

一个人在上钓鱼课之前是否需要一条鱼，第一要看对方集中注意力的能力，要确定对方是开放的、乐意接受的；第二是要有同理心，即让对方在安全的环境中接受帮助。据此可知，尾段强调应当设身处地为别人着想，故C项正确。A项意为

“活到老，学到老”；B项意为“不要班门弄斧”；D项意为“老古董学不会新东西”，都与文意不符。B2024·广东省模拟Ⅰ说明文365词★★★★☆Likeanydoctor,JacquesFellaywant

stogivehispatientsthebestcare.Hiddeninsideourbodiesaregenetic(基因的)markersthatcantellhimwhichpatientscouldprobablyhavediseasessuchas

AIDSandprovideearlytreatments.However,thereareworriesforFellay:theycontainsensitivedetailsthatcouldleadtoembarrassment,discriminationorevenworse.A

newkindofencryption,fullyhomomorphicencryption(FHE)(完全同态加密),ismakingitpossiblefordatauserstorunmultipleoperationsongeneticdatawith

outseeingthecontents.Thiscanhelpendbigdata'sprivacyproblems,andFellay'spatientscanbesomeofthefirsttobenefit.In1978,theconceptofhomomorphic

encryption(HE)wasfirstlyproposed.Accordingtoit,onecouldencryptandsharedatawithothers,whocouldanalyzeandperformcalculationsonthedat

awithnoideawhatitmeans.Aftergettingthedataback,thedatausercouldsimplyarriveattheresultusingthesecretkeyandit

willmaketotalsense.In2009,CraigGentryfirstlyprovidedaworkableFHEprogram.LikeHE,itrestsonamathematicalideaca

lledahomomorphism,whichmostlyreliesonusingalgebra(代数)tomapdatafromoneformtoanotherwithoutchangingitsunderlyingstructure.However,itsupportsmult

ipleoperationsonencrypteddata,ratherthanonlyonecalculationinHE.Later,GentrywentontoworkatIBM,whichnowhascomplica

tedFHEtoolstorunencrypteddata.Inthemedicalfield,forexample,itdetectedsignsofpneumonia(肺炎)infectionbyapplyingFHEtoanal

yzetheencryptedCTscansofmorethan1，500people'slungs.InapaperpublishedinOctober2021,theteamusedFHEtocollectdatafrommultiplesourcesandpredic

tedtheeffectofcancertreatmentsortheprocessofHIVinfection,asinFellay'scase.Workable,butstillslow:calculationsontheFHE­encrypteddatacouldtake

millionsoftimeslongerthanthoseonrawdata.But,asGoldwassersaid,“Ifyoubelievethatsecurityisnotaplus,butit'samust,then

insomesensethereisnooverhead.”【语篇解读】文章介绍了一种新型加密技术——完全同态加密程序的开发过程以及意义。5．WhatisFellayconcernedabout?A．Seriousdiseases.B．Sensitivepatients.C．Thesafetyo

fpersonaldata.D．Thelackofgeneticinformation.答案与解析：C理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“However,thereareworriesforFellay:theycontainsensitivedetailsthatcou

ldleadtoembarrassment，discriminationorevenworse”可知，Fellay医生担忧隐藏在我们体内的基因标记物所包含的敏感细节被泄露后会导致尴尬、歧视甚至更糟，即他担心个人资料的安全问题，故选C。6．Inwh

atwayisFHEdifferentfromHE?A．Itspeedsuptheanalyses.B．Itallowsmorecalculations.C．Itpreventsdirectaccesstodata.D．Itdependso

ntheuseofalgebra.答案与解析：B理解具体信息。明题意：本题问“完全同态加密和同态加密有什么不同？”→寻线索：根据第四段最后一句话“However,itsupportsmultipleoperationsonencrypteddata,ratherth

anonlyonecalculationinHE”可知，完全同态加密支持对加密数据进行多次操作，而不是在同态加密中只进行一次计算→定答案：由此可知，完全同态加密和同态加密的区别在于完全同态加密允许多次计算，故选B。7．WhatisGoldw

asser'sattitudetowardsFHE?A．Contradictory.B．Unclear.C．Favorable.D．Intolerant.答案与解析：C推断。根据最后一段Goldwasser所说的话“Ifyoubelievethatsecurityisnot

aplus,butit'samust,theninsomesensethereisnooverhead”可知，Goldwasser认为完全同态加密系统是加分项，即她对完全同态加密持赞成态度，故选C。8．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．FHEprotectsprivacy

inthebigdataera.B．FHEopensanewworldformedicalworkers.C．Gentryproposedanewencryptiontechnology.D．Homomorphicencryptiondevelopedovertime.答案与解析：A理解文章主

旨要义。文章开头以医生担心病人个人资料的安全问题为话题引入了完全同态加密程序，然后以此为线索对该程序进行介绍，即这篇文章主要讲述了完全同态加密程序保护个人隐私的功能，故选A。