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练习57语法填空＋阅读理解授课提示：对应学生用书143页Ⅰ.语法填空2023·全国甲卷说明文175词★★★★★Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)1.________(teach)ale

ssonortopassonwisdom.Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell­knownAesop'sfablesdatetothe2.________(six)centur

yB．C.Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,3.________RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”．Carsonu

sesasimple,directstylecommontofables.Infact,herstyleandtone(口吻)areseeminglydirectedatchildren.“Therewasonceatowninthehea

rtofAmerica4.________alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco­existencewithitssurroundings，”herfablebegins,5.________(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage­o

ldfables.Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage6.________(intend)foreveryone.7．________(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Car

son'sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety,andsheteachesthatpeoplemu

sttakeresponsibility8.________savingtheirenvironment.Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsaboutevery

daylife.However,Carson'sthemeisamoreweighty9.________(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteraryformthathas

beenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill10.________(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.【语篇解读】本

文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。1．答案与解析：toteach考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填toteach。2．答案与解析：sixth考查序数词。句意：寓言

是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。3．答案与解析：as考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之

意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。4．答案与解析：where考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从

句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。5．答案与解析：borrowing考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓

语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语herfable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。6．答案与解析：intended考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。beintendedfor打算为……所用，在句中作定

语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。7．答案与解析：Different考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。bedifferentfrom与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different

。8．答案与解析：for考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。takeresponsibilityfor对……负责。故填for。9．答案与解析：warning考查名词。句意

：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。10．答案与解析：beemployed考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形

式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语asimpleliteraryform与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填beemployed。Ⅱ.阅读理解A2024·福建省练习卷议论文248词★★★★

☆You'veheardanoldChinesesayingbefore:Giveamanafishandyoufeedhimforaday;teachamantofishandyoufeedhimforalifetime.Youmayevenbenoddingyour

headinagreementrightnow.However，wecanhaveadifferentunderstandingofit.Whenapersonisstarving,that'snotthetimetofilltheirheadw

ithknowledgebuttofirstgivethepersonafish—eradicatingtheirhunger—andonlythenteachthemtofish.Fartoooften,peoplei

gnorethiscommon­sensefirststep.Theyseesomeonewhoisstruggling,andtheyrushtoofferwisdom.“LetmetellyouwhatI'ddoinyourposition，”awell­mea

ningindividualmightoffer.Butfewofusunderstandtheanxiety,confusionanduncertaintythatcomewithoverwhelmingneed.Peoplemeet

ingwithpersonaldisastersdon'thavetheabilitytothinkstraight.Theirnervesmaybeshot.Theirconfidencemaybenon­existent.Canyouimag

inewhatitwouldbeliketobeinthatperson'ssituation?Rushingtoofferastrugglingpersonlong­termadviceisawasteoftime.Instead,itmakesfarmoresensetohel

pthemregaintheiremotionalbalance.Oncetheirears,heartandmindopen,you'llhaveanopportunitytoteachanewskill.Buthowdoweknowwheth

erapersonneedsafishbeforeafishinglesson?Twothings:Oneistheabilitytopayattention.Weneedtoknowwhethertheotherpersoniso

penandreceptive,orlookingattheworldthroughnarrowedeyes.Youcan'tjusttaketheirwordsbuthavetolookathowthepersonactsandwhattheydon'tsay.Theo

therisempathy(共情).Themoresuccessfulyouare,theharderitistoimaginewhatitmustbeliketobetheopposite.Trytocreateasafeenvironmentforemotionalac

ceptancebeforethefishinglesson.【语篇解读】人们总认为饥饿的人最需要的是食物，只有填饱肚子才能帮助他们平复因饥饿而产生的焦虑、困惑等消极因素，让他们愿意接受新思想，第二步才能教会他们智慧和方法。但是，

人们往往忽视了第一步的重要性。1．Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Toillustrateaconcept.B．Tobringinanewviewpoint.C．Tointroducetheb

ackground.D．Toputupanexample.答案与解析：B推断。通读第一段并结合下文内容可知，该段从中国谚语“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”说起，引出本文的新观点：在别人饥饿时，当务之急是给他食物让他消除饥饿，这

是关键的一步，却常被人忽略。故B项正确。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eradicating”meaninParagraph2?A．Gettingridof.B．Payingattentionto.C．M

akingupfor.D．Puttingupwith.答案与解析：A理解词汇。根据第二段的“tofirstgivethepersonafish—eradicatingtheirhunger”并结合常识可知，当一个人挨饿的时候，不要给他灌输知识，而是先给他一条鱼，以消除他们的饥

饿，然后再教他们钓鱼。据此可知，画线词意为“消除”，故A项正确。3．Whatshouldwedofirstforthoseindisasters?A．Getthemtothinkstraight.B．Enhancetheirconfidence.C．Satisfytheirprimaryne

eds.D．Teachthemanewskill.答案与解析：C推断。根据第二段的“Whenapersonis...teachthemtofish”可知，当一个人挨饿的时候，不要给他灌输知识，而是先给他一条鱼—

—消除他们的饥饿——然后再教他们钓鱼。据此可以推知，对于那些身陷灾难中的人，我们首先应当满足其基本需求，故C项正确。4．Whichdoestheauthorprobablyagreewithaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Liveand

learn.B．Neverteachafishtoswim.C．Putyourselfinothers'shoes.D．Don'tteachanolddognewtricks.答案与解析：C推断。通读尾段可知，尾段指出确定一个人在上钓鱼

课之前是否需要一条鱼，第一要看对方集中注意力的能力，要确定对方是开放的、乐意接受的；第二是要有同理心，即让对方在安全的环境中接受帮助。据此可知，尾段强调应当设身处地为别人着想，故C项正确。A项意为“活到老，学到老”；B项意为“不要班门弄斧”；D项意为“老古董学不

会新东西”，都与文意不符。B2024·广东省模拟Ⅰ说明文365词★★★★☆Likeanydoctor,JacquesFellaywantstogivehispatientsthebestcare.Hiddeninsideourbo

diesaregenetic(基因的)markersthatcantellhimwhichpatientscouldprobablyhavediseasessuchasAIDSandprovideearlytreatments.However,thereareworriesf

orFellay:theycontainsensitivedetailsthatcouldleadtoembarrassment,discriminationorevenworse.Anewkindo

fencryption,fullyhomomorphicencryption(FHE)(完全同态加密),ismakingitpossiblefordatauserstorunmultipleoperationso

ngeneticdatawithoutseeingthecontents.Thiscanhelpendbigdata'sprivacyproblems,andFellay'spatientscanbesomeofthefirsttobenefit.In1978,theconcepto

fhomomorphicencryption(HE)wasfirstlyproposed.Accordingtoit,onecouldencryptandsharedatawithothers,whocouldanalyzeandperformcalculati

onsonthedatawithnoideawhatitmeans.Aftergettingthedataback,thedatausercouldsimplyarriveattheresultusingthesecretkeyanditwillmaketotalsen

se.In2009,CraigGentryfirstlyprovidedaworkableFHEprogram.LikeHE,itrestsonamathematicalideacalledahomomorphism,whichmostlyreliesonusingalgebra(代数)

tomapdatafromoneformtoanotherwithoutchangingitsunderlyingstructure.However,itsupportsmultipleoperationsonencrypteddata,ratherthanonlyo

necalculationinHE.Later,GentrywentontoworkatIBM,whichnowhascomplicatedFHEtoolstorunencrypteddata.Inthemedicalfield,forexample,itdetectedsign

sofpneumonia(肺炎)infectionbyapplyingFHEtoanalyzetheencryptedCTscansofmorethan1，500people'slungs.InapaperpublishedinOctober2021,th

eteamusedFHEtocollectdatafrommultiplesourcesandpredictedtheeffectofcancertreatmentsortheprocessofHIVinfection,asinFellay's

case.Workable,butstillslow:calculationsontheFHE­encrypteddatacouldtakemillionsoftimeslongerthanthoseonrawdata.But,asGoldwassersaid,“Ifyoubelie

vethatsecurityisnotaplus,butit'samust,theninsomesensethereisnooverhead.”【语篇解读】文章介绍了一种新型加密技术——完全同态加密程序的开发过程以及意义。5．WhatisFellayc

oncernedabout?A．Seriousdiseases.B．Sensitivepatients.C．Thesafetyofpersonaldata.D．Thelackofgeneticinformation.答案与解析：C理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“However,

thereareworriesforFellay:theycontainsensitivedetailsthatcouldleadtoembarrassment，discriminationorevenworse”可知，Fellay医生担忧隐藏在我们体内的基因标记物所包含的敏感

细节被泄露后会导致尴尬、歧视甚至更糟，即他担心个人资料的安全问题，故选C。6．InwhatwayisFHEdifferentfromHE?A．Itspeedsuptheanalyses.B．Itallowsmorecal

culations.C．Itpreventsdirectaccesstodata.D．Itdependsontheuseofalgebra.答案与解析：B理解具体信息。明题意：本题问“完全同态加密和同态加密有什么不同？”→寻线索：根据第四段最后一句话“However,itsuppor

tsmultipleoperationsonencrypteddata,ratherthanonlyonecalculationinHE”可知，完全同态加密支持对加密数据进行多次操作，而不是在同态加密中只进行

一次计算→定答案：由此可知，完全同态加密和同态加密的区别在于完全同态加密允许多次计算，故选B。7．WhatisGoldwasser'sattitudetowardsFHE?A．Contradictory.B．Unclear.C．Favorable

.D．Intolerant.答案与解析：C推断。根据最后一段Goldwasser所说的话“Ifyoubelievethatsecurityisnotaplus,butit'samust,theninsomesensethereisnooverhead”可知，Goldwasser认为完全同态加密

系统是加分项，即她对完全同态加密持赞成态度，故选C。8．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．FHEprotectsprivacyinthebigdataera.B．FHEopensanewworl

dformedicalworkers.C．Gentryproposedanewencryptiontechnology.D．Homomorphicencryptiondevelopedovertime.答案与解析：A理解文章主旨要义。文章开头以医生担心病人个人资料的安全问题为话题引入了完

全同态加密程序，然后以此为线索对该程序进行介绍，即这篇文章主要讲述了完全同态加密程序保护个人隐私的功能，故选A。