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北京市朝阳区2023~2024学年度第一学期期末质量检测高一英语(考试时间100分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用(共三节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、

D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Onawinterafternoon,afriendandIwerethrowingstonesontotheroofofanoldlady’shouse.Weaimedt

oseehowthestones___1___tofallingstarsastheyrolledofftheroofandshotintotheyard.Ifoundaperfectlysmoothrock.Itwastoosmooth,however,soitslipped(滑落

)frommyhandasIthrewitandit___2___forasmallwindowofthehouse.Hearingthesoundofbreakingglass,IknewIwas___3___.I

wastooscaredaboutgettingcaughtthatnighttobe___4___abouttheoldladywiththebrokenwindowinsuchacoldwinter.However,afewdayslater,Istar

tedtofeelsorryforher___5___.Shestillgreetedmeeachdaywithasmile.ImadeupmymindthatIwouldsavemypaperdeliverymoneytomakeupforwhatIdid.F

inally,Imadeit.IputthemoneyinanenvelopewithanoteexplainingthatIwassorryforbreakingherwindowandhopedthatthesevendollarswouldbeenoughto___6__

_thecost.Iwaiteduntilitwasdark.Iwentuptoherhouse___7___andputtheletterIdidn’tsigninherdoorinsecret.Atthatmoment,IfeltthatIcouldhavethe___8___,onceag

ain,tolookintotheoldlady’skindeyes.Thenextday,Ihandedherthepaperandwasableto___9___herwarmsmile.Shethankedmeandgavemeabagofcook

ies.Afterseveralcookies,Ifeltanenvelope.WhenIopenedit,Iwas____10____toseethesevendollarsandashortnotethatsaid,“I’mproudofyou.”1.A.ranB.

jumpedC.changedD.added2.A.waitedB.headedC.lookedD.called3.A.introubleB.intearsC.inreliefD.indanger4.A.nervousB.carefulC.seri

ousD.concerned5.AchallengeB.sufferingC.pressureD.sadness6.A.coverB.cutC.raiseD.count7.A.humblyB.painfullyC.qu

ietlyD.proudly8.ApatienceB.desireC.courageD.inspiration9.A.recordB.returnC.rewardD.realize10.A.eagerB.excitedC.stressedD.surprised第二节选词填空(

共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词或词组，并使用其正确形式填空。duetobeaddictedtoliveuptoratherthanmakeanefforttakeadvantag

eofrepresenthaveanimpactonenabledealwith11.Theredlinesonthemap______railways.12.Thismoneywould_____metoopenmyownbus

iness.13.Thesmokeintheairwas______awildfireinthenearbyforest.14.Youshould______thehotel’sgymandpoolwhil

eyou’rethere.15.One’sgeneralknowledgeabouthealth______theirlifestylechoices.16Tim______coffeeandcan’tdoanythinginthemorninguntilhe’shadsome

.17.Thegirlhasfailedto______theproblemofhomesicknesswhiletravelingabroad.18.Afterlosingthegame,he______tohidehisdisappointment,butweallsawitinhi

sface.19.We’veheardlotsofgoodnewsabouttherestaurantanditsfood______ourexpectationtoo.20.______drivingaroundalldaylook

ingforplacestopark,whydon’tyoutakeabusintotown?第三节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出...提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式琪空。

21.Dr.Brownisaseniorprofessor________viewsarewidelyrespected.（用适当的词填空）22.Thelittlegirl______(cry)herheartoutbe

causeshehadlosthertoybear.(所给词的适当形式填空)23.Tomwasmyleaderandhepromisedthathe______(help)meifnecessary.(所给词的适当形式填空)24.Wewere_

_____(amaze)toseeJohnlookingsowell,sosoonafterhisoperation.(所给词的适当形式填空)25.WhenIwenttopayhimavisitinthehospital,he______(examine)

bythedoctor.(所给词的适当形式填空)26.Heimaginedallsortsof______(excite)thingsaboutstudyingandlivingincollege.(所给词的适当形式填

空)27.Afteraheateddiscussion,wecameupwiththeway______(solve)thefundingproblem.(所给词的适当形式填空)28.WhenababyisonemontholdinChina,aFu

llMoonceremony______(hold)tocelebrateit.(所给词的适当形式填空)29.Theywereimpressedbytheschools______theyhadvisitedinthepoorvillage

anddecidedtohelpthem.(用适当的词填空)30.Itisabigchallenge______(find)andkeeptherightbalancebetweenprogressandtheprotectionofculturalsites.(所给词的适当形式填空)第二部分

阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATePapaTongarewaTePapaTongarewaisthemuseumofart,science,andthenat

uralhistoryofNewZealand.Thenametranslatesto“ourcontaineroftreasuredthingsandpeoplethatspringfrommotherearthhe

reinNewZealand”.TePapaisopeneverydayfrom10amto6pm,exceptonChristmasDay.Admissionisfreeforeveryone,butchargesapplytocertainexhib

itionsandevents.·GuidedtoursIntroducingTePapaTourwillgiveyouagreatopportunitytounderstandthevariousviewsandculturesyouwillmeetthro

ughoutNewZealand.TePapa@TwilightTourisanexcellentchoicetoavoidthecrowdsanddiscoverTePapa’shighlightsasthesunbeginstoset.Youcandiscussourdiversenatu

ralenvironment,andthecontinuedgrowthofMaoriculturewithaprivateguide.TakeajourneywithMaoriExperienceKinakiTour,todiscoverhowfirs

tpeoplesofthelandhaveformeduniquefoodsprovidedbythenaturalworld.Thetourwillconcludewithasharedkai,tra

ditionally-inspiredfoodtasting.·PlananeducationvisitIfyouareaneducator,choosefromourrangeofeducationprogrammes.Eachc

anbeadaptedtoyourneeds.Bothin-personandvirtualvisitsareaccessible.Werecommendbookingatleasttwoweeksaheadoftime.Dur

ingthevisit,werequireyoutobringadultstosupervise(管理)studentscloselyasyouareresponsiblefortheirsafety.Foodanddrinks(exceptbottle

dwater)arenotallowedinexhibitionareasSchoolsarewelcometoeatlunchintheoutdoorcourtyard.Youmayalsochoosetobuylunchesfromourca

féandarewelcometousecafespacetoeat.31.Accordingtothepassage,TePapaTongarewa______.A.showslocalcollectionsB

.isfullofworldwidetreasuresC.hostsalltheeventsforfreeD.isopenthewholeyearround32.WhichtripofTePapaofferst

ypicaltraditionalfood?A.IntroducingTePapaTour.B.TePapa@TwilightTour.C.Aneducationprogramme.D.MaoriExperienceKinakiTour.33.Foraneducationvisitto

TePapa_____.A.bookingaweekaheadisrequiredB.themuseumensuresstudents’safelyC.eatinginexhibitionareasisacc

eptedD.themuseumsupportspersonalizedserviceBHanselEnmanuel,a19-year-oldbasketballplayer,hasdrawnattentionaftervideosspreadquicklyshowin

ghisawesomeskills,likemaking3-pointshotsanddunking(灌篮)withease.Allwithjusthisrightarm.Itlooksalmosteffortlesswhenhep

lays.However,it’snot.Itneverhasbeen.Enmanuelwas6whenhewasclimbingawall.Itfelloverhim,bricksandblocksonhisleftarm.Hew

asrushedtothehospital,butthedoctorcouldn’tsavehisarmanditwascutoffseveralinchesbelowtheshoulder.Itwasada

rktimeforEnmanuelandhisfamily.Slowlythingsgotbetterforthelittleboy.Hestillremembersthefirsttimehetiedhisshoes.Just7,Enmanuelwaswaitingforhismothert

odoitforhim,butshewasbusycooking.“Iwaslike,nevermind,I’mgoingtostart,”hesaidinarecentinterview.“Itoldmyselfletmetry.Iwastrying.

ThenImadeit.”“SoIwasexcited,excitedlikecrazy,”headded.Smallthingsbecamehugevictories.Monthsafterthat,Enmanueltriedbasketball,too.Butit’snot

aneasypath..,Hismissingarmlefthimlackingbalance.Everytimehetriedtorun,he’dcrashtotheground,fallingondebris(碎片)coveredacrossthecourtsheplayedon.Th

esefallslefthimwithnumerousscars(疤痕).Intheinterview,Enmanuelpointedtothescarafterscardownthelengthoftheleg,remindersofahardtimethathasbroughthimtoe

xcellenceinbasketballskills.Enmanuelfirstdunkedat14,anditwasn’tlongbeforehispopularitygrewwiththeviewsonhisvid

eos.Butitwasn’tthehighlightvideosthatinterestedhiscoach,CoreyGipson.HelikedEnmanuel’sattitudeandthewayhecarriedhimselfonthecourt.“Hanselisav

erytoughperson,”Gipsonsaid.“Whenyouseehimonthefloor,youjustseeanunstoppableforcethatdoesn’ttakeanythingforgranted(理所应当).”“I’mnotspecial,”En

manuelsaid.“I’mnotdifferentthannobody.TheonlydifferenceisthatI’vegotonearm,butthat’snotdifferent.”34.What

firstencouragedEnmanueltorecoverfromtheaccident?A.Thehelpfromhisdoctor.B.Managingtotiehisshoes.C.Videosonhisshotsanddunkin

g.D.Theattentionfromhismother.35.Enmanuelpointedtoscarsonhislegmainlytoshowhis______.A.successB.healthC.effortsD.competenc

e36.WhatinterestedEnmanuel’scoachmost?A.Hisresponsetodifficulties.B.Hisgreatsenseofbalance.C.Hisconfidenc

eonthecourt.D.Hispopularityonsocialmedia.37.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.B.Don’tjudgeabookbyitsc

over.C.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.D.Youcanmakeadifferencebybeingdifferent.CEarlierfindingsaboutsharksh

aveshownthattheycouldlearnskillsfromeachother.Recently,VeraSchluesselattheUniversityofBonninGermanyandhe

rcolleagueshavedoneresearchonhowwell12bamboosharkscouldrecognize(认出)differentnumbersofobjects.Eachsharkwasputinatrainingpoolwithpicturesoftwodiff

erentgroupsofgeometric(几何图形的)shapesprojectedontoawallTheteamthencycledthroughatleast40objectsofdifferentshapesandshadestoensurethe

sharksweren’tsimplypickinguponthedarknessoftheobjectsortheareaofwalltheycovered.Aroundhalfthesharkslearnedtoreliablypresstheirnoseagainsttheimage

withthemostobjects,afterwhichtheywererewardedwithfood.Thesesharksonlyseemedabletopickoutthebiggergroupifitcontainedatleasttwomoreobjectsthanthesma

llerone.Thismaybebecausethedifferencebetweensixandsevenfishorpredators(捕食者)isunimportantinthewild,saysSchluessel.Thereasonnota

llthesharkslearnedhowtodothetaskcouldbethatthey,likeallanimals,havedifferencesinintelligence(智力).Sharksjoinagrowingnumberofanimalsthathavebe

endiscoveredtohavesimilarskillsatdistinguishingquantities,includingblackbears,guppiesandrhesusmonkeys.Inoneexperim

ent,dogsandwolveswereabletoreliablypickthelargeroftwogroups.Butdogscouldonlydosowhenoneofthegroupshadfarmoreobjects.Somesha

rkspeciesaresociallearnersandcanperformataskinatankmorequicklyiftheywatchanothersharkthathasalreadybeen

trainedtodoit.Thischallengestheimageofsharksasmindless,solitarycreatures.Justlikehumans,sharkslearnfromtheirownexperiencesandfailures.Andjustaswedo

,sharkscanlearnfromeachother’sexperiencestoo,saysCatarinaVilaPoucaatMacquarieUniversityinAustralia.“Beingabletolea

rnfromothersisenormouslybeneficial.Notonlydoesitsavetime,butwatchinganothershark’ssuccessatfeedingorfailuretoescapepredatorscouldbeamatter

oflifeordeath.”Schluesselandhercolleagueshavealsopreviouslyfoundthatbamboosharkshaveanadvancedabilityto

recognizecategories,suchassnailsorfish,enablingthemtogetatreatevenifpictureslookremarkablysimilar.Thisissimilartoourabilitytolookatag

oldfishandasalmonandknowthattheyarethesametypeofthing,eventhoughoneis30timesthesizeoftheother.38.Whatcanwelearnab

outthesharksintherecentresearch?A.Theyaretrainedtorecognizetheshapes.B.Theyarecapableoftellingmorefromless.C.Theycanidentifyobjectsduetotherewards.D

.Theyarenobetterthandogsintellingnumbers.39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solitary”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Selfish.B.Lonely.C.Risky.D.Lazy.40.Wha

tisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toshowhowsharkslearnfromeachother.B.Toexplainhowsharksandhumansarealike.C.Toprovethatsharksaresmarterthantheylook

.D.Topresenttheimportanceofnumbersforsharks.DDespitedecadesofresearch,disordersofthebrainhaveprovedespeciallydifficu

lttotreat.Thereisschizophrenia(精神分裂症),whichhasnotseenabreakthroughformorethan60years,sincethediscovery

ofchlorpromazine—whichhappenedlargelybychance.Butthestoryofchlorpromazineoffersapowerfullesson:originallyanan

tihistamine(抗过敏药),itwasrepurposedasamedicineforschizophrenia.Asascientistwhohasstudiedschizophreniafordecades,Iamconvincedt

hatwecouldhavesimilarsuccesseswithothermedicinesalreadyonourshelves.BecauseanexistingdrughasalreadypassedFoodandDrugAdministrationtests(

FDA-approved),successfullyrepurposingitcouldtakelessthanhalfoftheestimated13yearsandsignificantlylessthantheaverage$2-billionto$3

-billioncostofdevelopingasingledrugfromnothing.ThethousandsofFDA-approveddrugsthusrepresentavastresourcethatcanpossiblybeada

ptedtotargetanynumberofconditions.Butthispossibilityislargelyunexplored,inpartbecausedrugcompaniesalwayshaveto

restructuretheirResearchandDevelopment(R&D)programstolookatotherdiseases.Therearealsothousandsofdrugsthata

renotFDA-approved.Whenacompanydiscontinuesdevelopmentofadrug,whateverresearchersknowislockedupinthatcompan

y’sfilesandmightaswellbelost.Scientistsneedaccess(使用机会)tothisinformation.Ifthisinformationcouldbedirectedintoacentralizedresource,itwouldbegreat

news.Researcherscouldemploythelatesttoolsinbio-informatics,datascienceandmachinelearningtouncovercommonmolecular(分子的

)themesamongorbetweendiseasesandpromisingdrugs.Yetmanydrugcompaniesarestillunwillingtorevealanythingthatmightputtheircopyrightsatrisk.Evenacademics

mayhesitatetosharewithcompetinglaboratories.Tocopewiththis,organizationsliketheFDAmustdevelopmotivationsfo

rsharingdata,suchasbycreatinglegalsafeguardsforprivacyandcommercialinterests.Thesemotivationscouldthenopenthefloodgatesforeasy-to-use,open

platformsforefficientlysharingandminingdata.Thiswouldnothavebeenpossiblefiveyearsago.Butnowisacriticalmoment,andwehaveneverbeenclosertorealbreakth

roughs.Inmylab,wearetestingcertaincancerdrugsthatrestoresomeofthebiologicalprocessesthataredisturbedinschizophrenia.

Wewanttoseeifthedrugshavethesamerestorativefeaturesinthebraincellsofschizophreniapatients.Thisisaproofoft

heideathatasystematicandstrategicapproachtodrugrepurposingcouldactuallymovetheneedle.Thereisnotimetow

aste.Whatweneediscooperationfromdrugcompaniesandacademicscientistsalike—andaccesstothelifesavingdatatheyhold.41.Whydoestheaut

hormentionchlorpromazineinthefirstparagraph?A.Tostressthedifficultyintreatingbraindisorders.B.Toexplainmedicalprogresscouldhappenbyluck.C.T

ointroduceamedicinebreakthroughinmedicalhistoryD.Toshowamedicineforacertainillnesscantreatanotherdisease.42.Whatcanwelearnfromthe

passage?A.Informationarisingfromdrugdevelopmentcanbewasted.B.Theundevelopedfunctionsofpresentmedicinesareovervalued.C.Weshouldtr

easureFDA-approveddrugsmorethantheunapproved.D.Studyingexistingdrugsismorelikelytosucceedthandevelopingnewones.43.Asfordrugcom

panies’beingunwillingtoshare,theauthoris_______.A.supportiveB.negativeC.understandingD.uncertain44.Whichwouldbethebest

titleforthispassage?A.NewDrugsfromOldB.AccesstoLifesavingDataC.BetweenDrugCompaniesandScientists.D.BeforeandAfterMedicalBreak

throughs第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Formanypeople,beingco

nnectedinthedigitalworldisjustapartpfeverydaylife.However,therearemanytimeswhenyoumightwanttogiveupyourd

igitaldevices.____45____Whatisadigitaldetox?Adigitaldetoxreferstoaperiodwhenapersonstopsusingtechdevicessuch

assmartphones,computers,andsocialmedia.Itisoftenseenasawaytofocusonreal-lifesocialinteractionswithou

tdisturbing.Thereareavarietyofformsofdetoxing.____46____Also,youcantryaspecificdetox—limitingtheuseofoneappordigitaltoolthatistakinguptoomuchof

yourtime.Whydoyouneedadigitaldetox?Manyexpertsbelievethattechanddeviceoverusecanleadtophysicalandmentalproblems.OnestudypublishedonGlobalPedi

atricHealthsuggestedthatchildrenwhouseddigitaldevicesatbedtimehadsignificantlyworseandlesssleep.____47____Besides,heavydeviceusemayber

elatedtomentalhealthconcerns.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniarecentlypublishedastudylinkingtheuseofsocialmediatoincreasedstre

sslevelandsymptoms(症状)ofdepressionandloneliness.____48____Formanypeople,completelygivingupallformsofdigitalcommunicationmightnotb

epossible,particularlythosewhodependonthemforworkorschool.So,thefirstkeyistoberealistic.Ifyouneedyourdevicesduringthedayforyourjob,try

doingamini-detoxatnight.____49____Anotherwayistoremovethingsthatdisturbyou.Trytoturnoffpushnotifications(通知)onyourphoneorleaveyourphoneathomewhenyou

arehavingdinnerwithfriends.Ofcourse,youcanalsotellyourfriendsandfamilythatyouareonadigitaldetoxandaskfort

heirhelp,orkeepajournaltotrackyourprogresstoensureamoresuccessfuldetox.A.Howdoyoudoadigitaldetox?B.Inthiscase,youmightaswelltryadigitaldetox.C.Whatar

ethekeystogivingupalldigitalcommunication?D.Italsofoundaconnectionbetweennighttimetechuseandeyesightproblem.E.Doingamini-detoxis

onewaytosetlimitsandreduceyourfearofmissingout.F.Duringthattime,youcanturnoffyourdevicesandspendaneveningfreeofelectronics.G.One

ofthemisadigitalfast,whichmeansgivingupalldigitaldevicesforaperiodoftime.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第5

0、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Nowadays,peoplearespendingmorehoursonwork.However,takingsome

timeoffisimportantforrefreshingyourselves.Ifyou’rehavingtroublemakingtimeforabreak,therecentresearchbyth

eUCLA’sAndersonSchoolsuggeststhattreatingyourweekendslikeavacationcanmakeyouhappier.Thefindingsarebased

onaseriesofexperiments.Inonestudyof441workers,halfofthetestsubjectswereinstructedtohaveanormalweekend,whiletheothershadto“treatth

eirweekendlikeavacation.”ThenextMonday,theweekendvacationersreportedthattheyfelthappierandweregenerallymo

resatisfiedthanthosewhohadhadanormalweekend.Thevacationersalsoreportedtheyspentmoremoneyinvacationmode—about$130comparedto$104.Bu

titwasn’tthemoneythatboughtthemhappiness.Theresearcherscontrolledfortheamountofmoneybothgroupscouldspend.Thevacationersweresti

llhappierthantheoneswhohadexperiencedatypicalweekend.Thereasonthevacationapproachmayhaveworkedwonders:Thevacationmindsetallowspeopl

etobemoreattentivetothepresentmoment.“We’realwaystryingtogetthroughthingstocheckoffourto-dolistsandtreatingtheweekendlikeavacationp

ushesusoutofourcontinuous‘doing’mode,”saidCassieHolmes,aprofessoratUCLA’sAndersonSchool.Thestudyshowedthatgettingintoavac

ationmindsetduringtheweekendisrelativelyeasy.Evenifyoucan’ttaketheentireweekend“off”,youcanmanagetostealapieceoftheweekendtogaintheben

efitsofavacationmindset.50.WhatdoestheresearchoftheUCLA’sAndersonSchoolsuggest?_____________________________________

______________________________________________________________51.Whymaythevacationapproachhaveworkedwonders

?___________________________________________________________________________________________________52.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseint

hefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Whentheresearcherscontrolledfortheamountofmoneybothgroupscouldspend,thevacat

iongroupwasunhappierthantheothergroup.__________________________________________________________________

_________________________________53.Whatwouldyoudotogetintoavacationmindsetatweekends?Andexplainwhy.(Inabout40words)___________

________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(20分)54.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友

Jim被中文老师邀请去家里过除夕(ChineseNewYear’sEve)，他发来邮件询问相关信息。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：1.除夕活动；2.做客礼仪。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,__________________________

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____Yours,LiHua