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备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(浙江专用)第一期专题05阅读理解之说明文10篇（2024·浙江·统考模拟预测）Noisyfamily?Loudconstructionrightoutsideyourwindow?Anewflexibl

eloudspeakercouldhelpyouresteasily.Itcouldturnyourwallsintonoise-cancelingsystems.Thenewloudspeakerisabo

utasthickasafewsheetsofpaper.It’slightweightandflexibleenoughtosticktomostsurfacestocontrolnoisemucheasier,note

sJinchiHan,anelectricalengineerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinCambridge.Lotsofdome-shaped(圆顶状的)microstructuresareinthecentreofthenewspea

ker.Han’steamsandwichestheirnewmaterialbetweentwoplasticsheetstoprotectthedomes.“Thebottomlayerliftsupthesmalldomessoth

attheycanvibrate(震动)freely,andtheupperprotectivelayeristhickerthanthedomesthataresecuredinthemiddleofthelayers,”heexplains.“Soifyoutouch

thesurface,youdon’tneedtoworryaboutdamagingthesesmallstructures.”Hanpointsoutlargeareaofthenewmaterialcouldma

kecontrollingnoisemucheasier.Eachdomeworksasatinyspeaker.Thedomescangeneratesoundwavesalltogether,ingroupsorindividuall

y.Wallpaperingyourbedroomwiththismaterialwouldcreatespeakersallaroundyou.Thosesamespeakerscouldthendampenorcancelunwantedsound.“Ifyoudesire,you

couldturnanyspaceintoaquietzonewhereyoucouldsleeporstudywithbarelyanynoise,”Hansays.Healsoseesapplicationsincars,a

irplanes,apartmentsorwhereverunwantednoiseisaproblem.Largeversionscouldbethenextstepforthissuper-thinspeakers,saysLoriBeckstead,as

oundartist.“Thenewspeakersaresothinandlightthattheycouldbeplacedinspaceswheretraditionalloudspeakersmighthavebeenimpractical,”Becksteadadds.Shenot

esthataddingnoise-cancelingtechnologytoloudspacesfromrestaurantstonoisyindustrialplantswouldbefantastic.1．Wha

tcanwelearnaboutthenewloudspeakerfromthefirstparagraph?A．Itcouldreduceunwantednoise.B．Itcoversavastarea.C．Itisfl

exibletoanyconstruction.D．Itproducesmuchnoise.2．Whyisthesurfaceofthedomesafetotouch?A．Thebottomlayerliftsupthedome.B．Itcangeneratesoundwavesallto

gether.C．Itisprotectedbytheupperandbottomlayers.D．Theupperprotectivelayeristhickerthanthedome.3．WhatisthebenefitofthenewmaterialaccordingtoHan

?A．Loudnoisyspacesareusingiteffectivelynow.B．Itcouldcontrolnoisemoreeffectivelywhenusedlargely.C．Anyspac

ecouldbeturnedintoazero-noiseonebyusingit.D．Wallpaperingyourbedroomwithitcreatescomfortablesound.4．Whati

sBeckstead’sattitudetotheapplicationofthenewspeakers?A．Favorable.B．Intolerant.C．Doubtful.D．Unclear.（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）Anewstudysuggeststhatm

indfulnesseducation—lessonsontechniquestocalmthemindandbody—canreducethenegativeeffectsofstressandincreasestudents’abilitytostayengag

ed,helpingthemstayontrackacademicallyandavoidbehaviorproblems.Afterfindingthatstudentswhoself-reportedmindfulhabitsperformedbetteronte

stsandhadhighergrades,researchersfromtheCenterforEducationPolicyResearchatHarvardUniversitywantedtoknowifschool-basedmindfulnesstrainingcouldhe

lpmorestudentsreapsimilarbenefits.Theydesignedastudyfocusingonsixth-gradersinaBostonschool.Thestudyshowedthatsixth-gradersw

hoparticipatedinaneight-weekmindfulnesswerelessstressedoutthantheirclassmateswhohadn’t.Practicingmindfulnesshadhelped

improvetheabilitytofocusinthemoment,expandingstudents’capacitytolearnandregulatetheiremotions.Fourtime

saweek,instructorsfromCalmerChoice,aMassachusettsnonprofitspecializinginmindfulnesseducation,taughtth

egrouptechniquesandledthemthroughpractices,likefocusingonarockforaminute,thendiscussingwhentheirmind

wanderedandrefocusedontherock.Anothergroupofsixth-graderstookcomputercodingduringthattimeinstead.Thestud

entswererandomlyassignedbetweenthegroups.Attheendoftheeightweeks,themindfulnessgroupreportedbeinglessstressed

thantheyhadbeenbeforethemindfulnesseducation,andbetterabletopracticeself-control.Andtheiramygdalae,thepartofthebrainthatcontrol

semotion,respondedlesstopicturesoffearfulfacesthantheydidpriortothemindfulnesswork,suggestingtheirbrai

nswerelesssensitivetonegativestimuli,or,inotherwords,thattheywerelesslikelytogetstressedoutandlosefocus.Thegroupwhoattendedcodingclassesd

idn’tseethesamebenefits.Thefindingssuggestthatthemindfulnessinstructionhelpedbooststudents’attentionskills,aswellasdevelo

pcopingmechanismsforstress.Theresearchersbelieveitcouldbeespeciallyusefulforschoolstosupportstudentssufferingfromseverementaldam

ageandotheradversitiesthattriggerstressinthebody,hurtingstudents’abilitytosucceed.5．Whatwasthepurposeofthestudy?A．Toexaminethetechniquesfo

rpracticingmindfulness.B．Tostudytheeffectsofgroupmindfulnesstrainingonstudents.C．Toseehowstudentshelpthemselvestoperformbetteron

tests.D．Tounderstandwhymindfulnesstrainingcalmsthemindandbody.6．Howwasthestudyconducted?A．Bylistingbenefitsofmindfulnesseducation.B．B

yscanningthebraintoseehowitcontrolsemotions.C．Byteachingdifferentstudentsdifferentmindfulnessskills.D．Bycomparingtwogroupsofstudentsattendingdiffere

ntclasses.7．Whatchangetookplaceafterthestudentspracticedmindfulnesswork?A．Theyfelteasiertostayfocused.B．Th

eywerebetteratcomputercoding.C．Theirmindwaswanderingmoreactively.D．Theirbrainsweremoreawareofnegativity.8．Whoarethemostpossibletargetreadersof

thepassage?A．Stressfulparents.B．Mindfulinstructors.C．Emotionalstudents.D．Schooleducators.（2023·浙江·德清县高级中学校考模拟预测）Ahandshakeseemstobeano

rmalgesture.Infact,inthe9thcenturyBC,anancientsiteduringtherulingofShalmaneserIIIclearlyshowstwofiguresholdinghand

s.TheIliad,usuallydatedtothe8thcenturyBC,mentionsthattwocharacters“takingeachother’shandsandexpressingtheirloyalty.”Centurieslater

,ShakespeareoncewroteoftwocharacterswhoshookhandsandsworetobebrothersinthebookAsYouLikeIt.Shakinghandsseemstobeanancientcustomwhoserootshavedisapp

earedinthesandsoftime.Historianswhohavestudiedancientetiquette(礼仪)booksnotethatthemodemhandshakedidnotappearuntilthemiddleofthe19thcent

ury,whenitwasconsideredaslightlyinappropriategesturethatcouldonlybeusedbetweenfriends.ButwhatifShakespearehadwrittenabouthandshakinghundredsofye

arsearlier?AccordingtoauthorTorbjdmLundmarkinhisTalesofHiandBye:GreetingandPartingRitualsAroundtheWorld.thep

roblemcomesindifferingdefinitionsofthehandshake.Theearlyhandshakesmentionedabovewerepartofmakingdealsorpeace;KingShalmaneserIIIreferredtoarebellionin

whichhesignedatreatywiththeKingofBabylon.IntheIliad,DiomedesandGlaucusshookhandswhentheyrealizedtheywereguest

-friends,andDiomedesdeclared:66Lefsnottrytokilleachother.Shakespearewassimilarlyreferencingsettlementofaconf

lict.Themodernhandshakeasaformofgreetingishardertotrace.AsaDutchsociologistHermanRoodenburg—thechiefauthorityforthehistoryofhands

haking——wroteinachapterofananthologycalledACulturalHistoryofGesture,“Morethaninanyotherfield,thatofth

estudyofgestureisoneinwhichthehistorianhastomakethemostofonlyafewclues”.Oneoftheearliestclueshecitesisa16th-centuryGermantranslationofthe

FrenchwriterRabelais’sGargantuaandPantagruel.WhenonecharactermeetsGargantua,Rabelaiswrites,”Hewasgreetedbycountlesshug

sandcountlessgooddays.”ButaccordingtoRoodenburg,the16th-centuryGermantranslationaddedreferencestoshakinghands.Apopular

sayingsuggeststhatCleland’sstatementsagainstbowingwereactuallyawishtogobacktoapotentiallytraditionalmethodofgreetinginEurope.Asthecenturiesprogresse

d,handshakingwasreplacedbymorehierarchical(等级的)waysofgreeting-likebowing.AccordingtoRoodenburg,handshakingsurvivedinafewr

emoteplaces,likeinDutchtownswheresomewouldusethegesturetomakepeaceafterdisagreements.Aroundthesametime,thosewhovaluedequalityalsomadeuseofhands

haking.Then,astheContinent’shierarchywasweakened,handshakingbecameacommonpracticeamongpeopleofthesamerank,asitistoday.9．

WhydoestheauthormentionShakespeareinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Toprovethatthehistoryofhandshakingishardtofind.B．Toillustrateth

athandshakingisaveryoldcustom.C．Toshowreadersthathandshakingiscommoninfiction.D．Toexplainthevalueofh

andshakingincommunication.10．Whatcanwelearnabouthandshakingfromthepassage?A．Theoriginofhandshakingasaformofgreet

ingiseasytotrace.B．CitizensusuallyshakehandstoshowfriendlinessinHolland.C．Itwasusedonlybetweenfriendsandtoreachanagreement.

D．Itisacommonpracticebetweenpeopleofdifferentsocialpositions.11．Whichofthefollowingissimilarinmeaningto“antho

logy”inPara.4?A．thescienceofmentalabilityB．acollectionofselectedliterarypassagesC．adailywrittenrecordofexperiencesD．allthelivingthingsofaparticularre

gion12．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphofthepassage?A．ThehandshakehasdisappearedinsomeremotepartsoftheNetherlands.B．Handshakinghasdifferen

tmeaningsindifferentEuropeancountries.C．Handshakesarenowcommonbetweenpeopleofdifferentpositions.D．MostEuropeansprefertoshakehandsowingtothewe

akeningeffectofrank.（2023·浙江绍兴·统考模拟预测）TopEuropeanhotelchainsarehiringworkerswithoutexperienceorevenaresumeasexecutivesadmityearsofunderpa

yingstaffhavecomebacktobite,leavingthemunabletomeetpost-pandemictraveldemand.Thousandsofworkersleftth

ehospitalityindustry(酒店业)wheninternationaltravelshutdownduringtheCOVID-19pandemic.Manychosenottoreturn,findingbetterpaidem

ploymentelsewhere,leavinghoteliersfacingadesperateshortage.Europe’slargesthotelierAccorACCP.PAisrunningtrialinitiativest

orecruitpeoplewhohaven’tpreviouslyworkedintheindustry,ChiefExecutiveSebastienBazinsaidattheQatarEconomicForumlastmo

nth.”WetriedinLyonandBordeaux10daysagoandthisweekendwe’rehavingpeopleinterviewedwithnoresume,nopriorjobexperienceandthey

arehiredwithin24hours.Thenewrecruitsaregivensixhoursoftrainingandlearnonthejob,”hesaid.Intheshortterm,Accorisfilli

ngrolesinFrancewithyoungpeopleandmigrantswhilealsolimitingservices.“It’sstudents,peoplecomingfromNorthAfrica,”Bazinsaid.“Andbasicallyclosingrestaur

antsforlunchoropeningthemonlyfivedaysaweek.There’snoothersolution.”StaffshortagesareparticularlypressinginSpainandPortuga

l.Spain’shospitalityindustryis200,000workersshortandPortuguesehotelsneedatleast15,000morepeopletomeetgrowingdemand,accordingtonation

alhospitalityassociations.Bazinsaidthatwhilehotelsareonly60percentor70percentoccupiedtheycancopewithstaffshortages,butth

etimewillcomewhenthey’refullybooked.“Inthepast,theindustryhasneitherpaidenoughorfocusedondevelopingstaff,”Bazinsaid,“H

alfofitisthatwe’vebeenblind,we’vebeennotpayingattentiontoalotofpeopleandprobablyunderpayingsomepeoplefortoolongaswell,”hesaid.“Soit’sawak

e-upcall.”13．WhatproblemistheEuropeanhospitalityindustryfacing?A．Shortageofresources.B．Internationaltravelbans

.C．Staffingchallenges.D．Dissatisfactoryservice.14．What’stheessentialreasonfortheproblem?A．Thetraveldeman

disincreasing.B．Thejobishighlydemanding.C．Thehospitalityindustryisn’tdeveloped.D．Thestaffhasn’tbeenfairlypaid.15．Whatneedstobedonebeforesomeonestarts

workinginAccoratpresent?A．Explainingpreviousworkexperience.B．Sendingtheresumeinadvance.C．Receivingasix-hourtrainin

gforthejob.D．Goingthroughacompetitiveinterview.16．WhichofthefollowingwouldBazinagreewithconcerningtheproblem?A．Hoteliershavebeenturningab

lindeyetotheproblem.B．Theproblemisareminderthathotelstaffdeservesattention.C．Theproblemistoopressing

forhotelierstoaddressrightnow.D．Theproblemcanbesolvedwiththehelpofstudentsandmigrants.（2023·浙江金华·统考模拟预测

）IntheopeningscenesofthenewfilmGoodNightOppy,theOpportunityrover(漫游车)rollsalongthroughPerseveranceValleyonMarsinJune201

8.Butastormformingonthehorizonchangedeverything.Thisstormwasdifferent.Itrapidlygrewinsize,encirclingtheplaneta

ndblockingoutthesun.Thesolar-poweredrover’slastmessagetomissioncontroltranslatedtothis:“Mybatteryislo

wandit’sgettingdark.”Thischapterisjustthebeginningofthedocumentary,availabletostreamonAmazonPrimeonNovember23,2022.Thef

ilmtracesthejourneyofthetwinrovers—OpportunityandSpirit—andthepeoplewhodedicatedtheirlivestothemfromconcepttothatlasttransmissi

on.ThesetworoversbuiltbyNASAengineersintheearly2000sweretosearchforpastevidenceofwateronMars.Bothwerelaunchedin2003insideDeltarocketsandlandedi

n2004onoppositesidesoftheredplanet.Thedualmission’sfirst90dayscameandwent,andNASAengineersrealizedthetworoverswer

ereadyformoreadventure.SpiritandOpportunity’sfindingsrewrotethetextbookswithnewinformationaboutMarsandit

swaterypastwhiletheybothgotintoallsortsoftroubleinbetweendiscoveries,likegettingstuckinthesandandnearlyrushingdownthesidesofst

eepcraters(火山口).Thebondsbetweenteammembersandtheroversquicklydeepened,despitethevastdistancebetweenEarthandMars,making

itmoredifficultwhenSpirit’sjourneyendedin2011andOpportunityfellsilentin2018.SpiritandOppy’smissionshaveended,butMarsexploration

continuestodaythroughnext-generationroverslikeCuriosityandPerseverance.Thefilmshinesalightonthehopeofspa

ceexplorationandcapturestheemotionalattachmentbetweenhumansandtheroboticambassadorsthatexploreonourbehalf.17．WhatcausedthedeathofOpportunity?A

．Aslideinthevalley.B．Asandtrap.C．Afallinacrater.D．Ahugestorm.18．WhydidNASAsendthetworoverstoMars?A．Todiscoverwatersou

rcesonMars.B．TorecordthedataofstormsonMars.C．TomaptheshapeofvalleysonMars.D．Todetectsignsofpastwatero

nMars.19．Whatdothe“roboticambassadors”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Deltarockets.B．SpiritandOpportunity.C．NASA

engineers.D．CuriosityandPerseverance.20．What’sthepurposeofthistext?A．Torecommendadocumentary.B．Toappreciateengineers’devotion.C．TohonortheOpportunity

rover.D．TopresentNASA’sachievements.（2023·浙江绍兴·统考模拟预测）Civilizationbeganwithagriculture,andthoughhumanityhaschangedsignificantly,agricultureremainsver

yimportant.Incertaincountries,itssignificanceismoreapparent,buttherealityisthateverycountryintheworlddependsonagricultureforonethingoranother.I

tprovidesemployment.Whetherit’sworkingasafarmer,aharvester,atechnicianforfarmequipmentorascientist,thereareplentyofjobsavailableinthisfield.

Indevelopingcountries,agriculturaljobshelpreducehighratesofunemployment.It’scrucialtoacountry’sdevelopm

ent.Economicdevelopmentistiedtoacountry’sagriculturalsector.Whentrade,nationalavenue,andemploymentarecombinedinapositiveway,acountryenjoys

reducedpovertyandboostedeconomicgrowth.Becausestrongagricultureresultsinbenefitsfairlyquickly,focusing

onitisoneofthebestwaystospeedupdevelopmentandimproveacountry’sstandingacrosstheglobe.Itdrivesinnovationintechnolog

y.Becausehealthyagricultureissoessentialtoacountry’swell-being,it’sbeenthesettingofsomeofthemostexcitinginnovationsintechnolo

gy.Throughartificialintelligence,blockchainsoftware,andmore,scientistsandfarmershavebeenfiguringoutwaystoincreasecropproductivity,uselesswate

r,andreducenegativeimpactsontheenvironment.Forscientistsandtechcompanies,agribusinessisoneofthemostfascinatingandproductive

fieldstoworkin.It’sthesourceofourfoodsupply.Arguably,themostimportantaspectofagricultureisthatit’sthesourceoftheworld’sfoodsu

pply.Nomatterwhereorwhatyouareeating,theingredientsinyourmealscomefromsomewhere.Allroadsleadtoagriculture.Incountriesdealing

withfoodinsecurityandseveremalnutrition,theiragriculturalsectorsaresuffering.Whenagriculturethrives(蓬勃发展),fewerpeoplegohungry.Itcanhelphealtheenvir

onment.Agriculturepossessesthepowertocauseharmorheal.Whenfarmersprioritizebiodiversityontheirland,itbenefitstheearth.Havingmore

biodiversityresultsinhealthiersoil,betterwaterconservation,andhealthierpollinators(传粉者).Allinall,agricultureplaysacri

ticalroleintheentirelifeofagiveneconomy.Agriculturecultureisthebackboneoftheeconomicsystemofagivenco

untry.21．Whatisthetopicofthearticle?A．Civilization.B．Agriculture.C．Economy.D．Environment.22．Whatisexpectedtobeachie

vedbyusingtechnologyinagriculture?A．Sustainabledevelopment.B．Soundeconomicsystems.C．Lowunemploymentrates.D．Worldwidefoodsecurity

.23．Whatdoestheauthormeanbyusingtheword“arguably”inPara.5?A．Heiscriticalaboutsuchabelief.B．Heisdoubtfulabouttheimportanc

e.C．Heiscertainabouthisstatement.D．Heisconcernedaboutfoodinsecurity.24．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thedevelopmentofagricult

ure.B．Thediversityoffarmproducts.C．Thesignificanceoflandfarming.D．Theoriginofhumancivilization.（2023·浙江·统考二模）Examscanb

everystressfulandit’snotsurprisingthatpeoplewhofeelanxiousaboutthemtendtoperformworsecomparedtothosewhodon’texperiencesuchanxiety.Whatissurprisi

ng,accordingtotheresearchpublishedinPsychologicalSciencebyMariaTheobaldattheLeibnizInstituteandhercolleagues,isthatitisnott

hepressureoftheexamhallthatleadstotheproblem;itisthepressureofrevision.Dr.Theobaldlaunchedastudywhichinvolved309Germanmedicalstudentswhousedadigital-

learningplatformtopreparefortheirfinalstateexam.Toassesstheirlevelsofanxiety,thestudentswereaskedtoratethemonafive-pointscalefor40daysl

eadinguptotheexam,aswellasonthedayoftheexamandthemockexam(模拟考)taken40daysprior.WhatDr.Theobaldfoundwasnotwhat

sheexpected.Anxietyonthedayofthetestdidnotpredictexamperformanceatall.Whatdidpredictitwasthelevelofknowledgeas

tudentdisplayedinthemockexamandtheearlierdigital-learningactivities.Highlevelsofanxietyduringtheweeksbefor

etheexamtookplaceactuallyhamperedstudents,leavingthemwithlessmaterialtorecallduringtheexamitself.Andthisisapositivediscovery,foritsuggestsachang

eofapproachtorevisionbytheanxiousmighthelpimprovetheirresults.Dr.Theobaldnotesthattest-anxietyisatitsworstwhenstuden

tshavelowexpectationsofsuccessandmeanwhileknowthatpassingtheexamisextremelyimportant.Toreducethisanxiety,sheproposesatwo-foldstrategyfors

tudentstoconsiderastheyrevise.First,theycanraisetheirbeliefintheirownabilitiesbyremindingthemselvesofj

usthowmuchtheyknow.Second,theycanattachlessimportancetothetestbyremindingthemselvesthat,whileitisimportant,itisnotalife-or-deathsitua

tion.Itreallyisn’t.Really…25．Whatisacauseofpoorexamperformanceaccordingtotheresearch?A．Pressurefrompeers.B．

Inexperienceintests.C．Atmosphereinexamhalls.D．Tensionduringrevision.26．HowdidDr.Theobaldconducttheresearch?A．Bygradingparticipants’level

sofknowledge.B．Bycomparingparticipants’approachestorevision.C．Byanalyzingparticipants’anxietylevelsandexamp

erformance.D．Bycollectingparticipants’previousdatafromalearningplatform.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hampered”inpa

ragraph3mean?A．Restricted.B．Assisted.C．Misled.D．Motivated.28．WhatstrategydoesDr.Theobaldrecommendtoreducetestanxiety?A．Settingambitiousgoals.B．Bo

ostingself-confidence.C．Ignoringthesignificanceofatest.D．Loweringtheexpectationsofsuccess.（2023·浙江绍兴·

校联考模拟预测）Seagrassmeadows(海草床)arewonderplantsgrowingbeneaththesea.Theyfeedandsheltersealifeandaremasterfulatstoring

carbon.Thankstotheassistanceoftigersharks,ahugeseagrassmeadowintheBahamasBankshasbeendiscovered,offeringtheworldatooltofightclimatechange.Seagras

shasusuallybeendetectedbyEarth-orbitingsatellitesthatidentifydarkerspotsinthebluewater.Inarecentstudy,tigersharkswereselectedasresearchtoolsd

uetotheirhighlyconsistentassociationswithseagrassecosystems.Theyspent70%oftheirtimeinseagrassmeadows.Theteamequippedeight

tigersharkswithsatellitelabels,sevensharkswithcameralabels,anduseda360-degreecameraonasharkforthefirsttimeever.Thedataresearchersco

llectedwasastonishing.Theworld’slargestseagrassecosystem,measuringatleast66,900squarekilometers,hasbeendisco

vered.Thisreflectsa41%increasefrompreviousestimatesofglobalseagrass.Seagrasscancapture(捕获)hugequantitiesofcarbonbyphotosynthesis(光合作用

)andstoresitontheseafloor.Intermsofclimatechange,thisisexcellentnews;seagrassis35timesfasteratremovingcarbonthantro

picalrainforests.Whenreferringtoglobalseagrasscarbonstockestimates,thestudyindicatesthatseagrassintheBahamasmaycontain19.2

%to26.3%ofallthecarbonstoredinseagrassmeadowsonEarth.Yetseagrassmeadowsarerapidlydisappearing,withover9

2%ofmeadowsintheUKgone,accordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund.Scientistsarecollectingseedsandtryingtogrownewseagrassmeadowsthr

oughrestorationprojects.Thisnewdiscoveryoffersoptimismandprovestheimportanceoftheoceanforhealing.Thesharksledustotheseagrassecosystemi

ntheBahamas,whichwenowknowislikelythemostsignificantbluecarbonsinkontheplanet.Whatthisdiscoveryshowsusisthatoceanexplorationandresearcharees

sentialforahealthyfuture.Theundevelopedpotentialoftheoceanislimitless.Thesemeadowscanbeprotectedandcanbecopied,offeringhopeforclimatech

angearoundtheglobe.29．HowwastheseagrassmeadowintheBahamasBanksdiscovered?A．Byanalyzingsatellitesimages

.B．Bykeepingtrackoftigersharks.C．Byusinga360-degreecamera.D．Bycarryingoutrestorationprojects.30．Whatisthebenefit

ofseagrassintermsofclimatechange?A．Seagrassprovidesfoodfortigersharks.B．Seagrassstoreslargeamountsofcarbon.C．

Seagrassabsorbswastesfromtheocean.D．Seagrasssuppliesahabitattoseaanimals.31．Whatisthemainmessageconvey

edinthepassage?A．Tigersharksareatooltodetectseagrassmeadows.B．Seagrassmeadowsaredisappearingatanalarmingrate.C．Scienti

stsaremakingprogressinrestoringseagrassmeadows.D．Seagrassmeadowshaveagreatpotentialtofightclimatecha

nge.32．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsthediscoveryofseagrassmeadows?A．Concerned.B．Positive.C．Doubtf

ul.D．Indifferent.（2023·浙江温州·统考三模）ScientistsatPurdueUniversitycreatedtheworld’swhitestpaint—adiscoverythatnotonlyaddsyetan

otherchoicetothe“whichwhiteshouldwepaintthiswall”dilemma,butalsomighthelptheclimatecrisis.Thepaintwasde

velopedbyPurduemechanicalengineeringprofessorXiulinRuanandhisteam.Itworksthroughapassivecoolingtechnologythatoffersgr

eatpromisestoreducespacecoolingcostandglobalwarming.“Whenwestartedthisprojectsevenyearsago,wehadsavingenergyandf

ightingclimatechangeinmind,”Ruansaidinapodeast(播客)episodeofThisIsPurdue.Theywantedtocreateapaintthatwouldreflectsunlightawayfromabuilding

,dramaticallydecreasingtheneedforairconditioning.Heating,cooling,andlightingaccountfor28percentoftheworld’stotalgreenhousegasemissions.An

doverusingairconditioningcanoverwhelmacity’spowergridandcauseblackouts(停电).InaQueensblackoutin2006,175,000peoplewerelef

twithoutpower,whichleadto40deaths.Thispaintcouldeffectivelybeanalternativetoairconditionersinsomeplaces.Thepaintreflects9

8.1%ofsolarradiationwhilealsogivingoutinfrared(红外线的)heat.Becausethepainttakesinlessheatfromthesunthanitgivesou

t,asurfacecoatedwiththispaintiscooledbelowthesurroundingtemperaturewithoutusingpower.Coveringaroofareaof1,000squarefeetwiththepaintcouldc

reate10kilowattsofcoolingpower,theresearchersfound.“That’smorepowerfulthantheairconditionersusedbymosthous

es,”RuantoldThisIsPurdue.Youcan’tbuythepaintjustyet,butresearchersarepartneringwithacompanytoputthepaintonthemarket.Whil

eindividualactiontofightelimatechangecanhelpsaveourplanet,it’simportanttonotethatthevastmajorityoftheworld’sgre

enhousegasemissionscanbetracedbackto100companies.Maybewecandouse(浇)thosecompanieswiththiswhitepaint,too—itcouldbeworthashot.33．Whatis

knownaboutthepaint?A．Ithasdifferentcolors.B．Itdoesn’tcostmuch.C．Itusesheatingtechnology.D．Itisclimate-friendly.34．WhatistheQueensbl

ackoutmentionedtoshow?A．Thepoormanagementofpower.B．Thesignificanceofthepaint.C．Theimportanceofairconditioning.D．The

resultofglobalwarming.35．WhichaspectofthepaintistalkedaboutinParagraph4?A．Itsapplication.B．Itsfunction.C．Itscom

position.D．Itsdisadvantage.36．Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A．Thequalityofthepaintneedsimproving.B．Thepaintwillbringprofitstothe100c

ompanies.C．Researcherswanttoseethepaintincommercialuse.D．Individualeffortsmatterincreatingthewhitestpaint.（2023·浙江·校联考三模）A

lmosteveryyearsinceshewasachild,HokkaidoresidentNaomihaslookedforwardtoherfamily’straditionalChristmasmeal:aKFC“par

tybarrel”filledwithsalad,cakeandlotsoffriedchicken.“InJapan,itiscustomarytoeatchickenatChristmas,”sa

ysthe30-somethingJapanesewoman.NaomiandherfamilyarefarfromtheonlyJapaneseresidentswhoenjoyKFCforChristmasdinner.Accordingt

ofiguresreleasedbytheAmericanfast-foodchain,KFCJapanpulledin6.9billionyen(roughly$63million)fromDecember20to25in2018,withlinesoutthedoors

tartingonDecember23.Everyyear,theirbusiestdayisusuallyDecember24,onwhichtheyusuallysellaboutfiveto10timesmorethantypicaldays.Japanisacountrywhereless

than1%ofthepopulationidentifiesasChristian—andinthe1970smanypeopledidn’thaveestablishedfamilyChristmastradi

tions.That’swhereKFC—thenknownasKentuckyFriedChicken—camein.Thecompanylaunchedits“KentuckyforChristmas”marketingcampaignin1974andthefirstve

rsionofthepartybarrelssoonfollowed.Withasubstantialadvertisinginvestment,KFCmanagedtocapturetheimaginationofJapanesedinersandcreateanationalphenome

non.“ThefestivecommercialsarewhatinitiallymademewanttotrytoeatKFCforChristmas,”saysNaomi.Butsayingsuchlastingsuccessonlyarisingfromsmartadvertisingwo

uldn’tbetotallyfair—itcanalsobeattributedtoKFC’sharmonywithexistingculturalnorms.Forinstance,thetraditionofsharingabig“par

tybarrel”offriedchicken,saladandcakefitsneatlyintoJapanesediningculture.“BeingabletosharefoodisanimportantsocialpracticeinJapan.Abuc

ketoffriedchickenfulfillsthisdesiretoeattogether,”Naomisays.ForNaomi,it’snotatraditionsheplanstogiveupanytimesoo

n.“Ihavenochildrennow,”shesays.“Butthisisatraditionmyfamilyhopestocontinueinthefuture.”37．Whydoestheauthormentionseve

ralfiguresinthesecondparagraph?A．ToshowhowNaomilikesKFC．B．ToshowthepopularityofKFCinJapan.C．ToshowthesuccessofKFC．D．ToindicateJapan

’sChristmastradition.38．WhatmadeNaomibegintoeatKFCatChristmas?A．Friends’recommendation.B．Advertisementsab

outKFC．C．Herfamilytradition.D．Thedelicioustaste.39．WhatistherootedreasonforKFC’spopularityinJapan?A．KFCadaptingtoJapan’sculture.B．SmartAdve

rtising.C．Convenientdelivery.D．Attractiveprice.40．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．FastFood—KFC’sDevelopmentB．KFCSuccessfullyFitsint

oJapanC．KFC—ChristmasTraditioninJapanD．JapanesePeopleLikeFriedChicken参考答案：1．A2．C3．B4．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新技术——可以降噪的超薄扬声器。1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话

“Itcouldturnyourwallsintonoise-cancelingsystems.(它可以把你的墙变成噪音消除系统)”可知，这种新型扬声器可以消除噪音。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“Han’st

eamsandwichestheirnewmaterialbetweentwoplasticsheetstoprotectthedomes.(韩的团队将他们的新材料夹在两块塑料片之间，以保护圆顶)”和最后一句“Soif

youtouchthesurface,youdon’tneedtoworryaboutdamagingthesesmallstructures.(所以如果你触摸表面，你不必担心会损坏这些小结构)”可知，这些圆顶状的结构被上下层材料夹在中间保护起来，因此它们不容易受损。故选C。

3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Hanpointsoutlargeareaofthenewmaterialcouldmakecontrollingnoisemucheasier.(韩指出，大面积的新材料可以使控制噪音变得更加容易)”可知，大面积使用这种材料更容

易控制噪音。故选B。4．观点态度题。根据最后一段“‘Thenewspeakersaresothinandlightthattheycouldbeplacedinspaceswheretraditionalloudspeakers

mighthavebeenimpractical,’Becksteadadds.Shenotesthataddingnoise-cancelingtechnologytoloudspacesfromrestaurantstonoisyindustrialplantswouldbefantasti

c.(Beckstead补充说：‘这种新型扬声器非常轻薄，可以放置在传统扬声器可能不切实际的地方。’她指出，在从餐馆到嘈杂的工业工厂的嘈杂空间中添加降噪技术将是非常棒的)”可推知，Beckstead对这种新型扬声器的应用持支持态度。故选A。

5．B6．D7．A8．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究表明，正念教育课程可以帮助学生减少压力带来的负面影响，提高他们保持专注的能力。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“researchersfromtheCenterforEducationPolicyResearchat

HarvardUniversitywantedtoknowifschool-basedmindfulnesstrainingcouldhelpmorestudentsreapsimilarbenefi

ts(哈佛大学教育政策研究中心的研究人员想知道，以学校为基础的正念训练是否能帮助更多的学生获得类似的好处)”可知，该研究探究的是以学校为基础的正念训练对学生是否有类似的好处，即群体正念训练对学生的效果。故选B项。6．推理判断题。根据第四段

中“Fourtimesaweek,instructorsfromCalmerChoice,aMassachusettsnonprofitspecializinginmindfulnesseducation,taughtthegro

uptechniquesandledthemthroughpractices(来自马萨诸塞州专注于正念教育的非盈利机构CalmerChoice的教师每周四次教授小组技巧，并带领他们进行练习)”和“Anothergroupofsixth-graderstookcomputercodingd

uringthattimeinstead.(另一组六年级学生在这段时间学习计算机编程。)”可知，研究人员将参与者分成了两个小组，一个小组进行正念训练，另一个小组学习编程。因此，该研究是通过比较学习不同课程的两组学生来进行的。故选D项。7．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Andtheiramygdal

ae,thepartofthebrainthatcontrolsemotion,respondedlesstopicturesoffearfulfacesthantheydidpriortothemindfulnesswork,suggestingthei

rbrainswerelesssensitivetonegativestimuli,or,inotherwords,thattheywerelesslikelytogetstressedoutandlosefocus.(他们的大脑中控制

情绪的部分——杏仁体，对恐惧面孔的反应比他们在进行正念训练之前要少，这表明他们的大脑对负面刺激不那么敏感，换句话说，他们不太可能感到压力和注意力不集中。)”可知，在学生们进行正念练习后，他们更容易集中注意力，保持专注。故选A项。8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Theresearchersbeli

eveitcouldbeespeciallyusefulforschoolstosupportstudentssufferingfromseverementaldamageandotheradversitiesthattriggerstressinthebody,hurting

students’abilitytosucceed.(研究人员认为，这对学校来说尤其有用，可以帮助那些遭受严重精神损伤和其他逆境的学生，这些逆境会引发身体压力，损害学生成功的能力。)”可知，该研究可以很好地指导学校去帮助遭遇精神损伤和其他逆境的学生。由此推知，文章最有可能的目标读

者群体是学校的教育者。故选D项。9．B10．C11．B12．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，这篇文章主要讲述了握手这一古老的礼仪习俗的起源和演变。最后，文章指出握手在欧洲逐渐被鞠躬等更具等级意味的问候方式取代，但在一些地方仍然

保留下来，并逐渐成为同等地位人们之间的常见问候方式。9．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Centurieslater,Shakespeareoncewroteoftwocharacterswhoshookhandsandsworetobebrothersinthebo

okAsYouLikeIt.Shakinghandsseemstobeanancientcustomwhoserootshavedisappearedinthesandsoftime.(几个世纪后，莎士比亚曾在《皆大

欢喜》中描写两个人物握手并发誓要成为兄弟。握手似乎是一种古老的习俗，其根源已消失在时间的长河中。)”以及第二段中“ButwhatifShakespearehadwrittenabouthandshakinghundredsofyearsearlier?(但是，如

果莎士比亚早在几百年前就写过握手呢？)”可知，第一段和第二段中通过莎士比亚对于握手这个习俗早已存在，其存在根源消失在历史的长河中，但是通过莎士比亚笔下可以说明握手是这个习俗是非常古老的，在其存在的几百年前，就已经记录过。故选B

。10．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Historianswhohavestudiedancientetiquette(礼仪)booksnotethatthemodemhandshakedidnotappearuntilthemiddleoft

he19thcentury,whenitwasconsideredaslightlyinappropriategesturethatcouldonlybeusedbetweenfriends.(研究古代礼仪书籍的历史学家指出，现代握手直到19

世纪中叶才出现，当时它被认为是一种稍微不合适的手势，只能在朋友之间使用。)”可知，对于握手这个习俗直到19世纪中叶才出现，当时它被认为是一种稍微不合适的手势，只能在朋友之间使用。同时根据第四段中“Theearlyhandshakesmentionedabovewerep

artofmakingdealsorpeace(上面提到的早期握手是达成协议或和平的一部分)”以及“Shakespearewassimilarlyreferencingsettlementofacon

flict.(莎士比亚也同样提到了冲突的解决。)”可知，握手曾经只在朋友之间使用，并且用来达成协议。故选C。11．词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“ACulturalHistoryofGesture(手势的文化史)”以及“Morethaninanyotherf

ield,thatofthestudyofgestureisoneinwhichthehistorianhastomakethemostofonlyafewclues(在手势研究领域，历史学家只需要充分利用少数线索，这一

点在其他任何领域都不常见)”可知，荷兰社会学家赫尔曼·卢登堡所撰写的著作即《手势的文化史》中的一个章节指出在手势研究领域，历史学家只需要充分利用少数线索，这一点在其他任何领域都不常见的事实。故划线词表示荷

兰社会学家赫尔曼·卢登堡所撰写文章的精选的文学段落，其与B为同义词。故选B。12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Aroundthesametime,thosewhovaluedequalityalsomadeuseofhandshaking.Then,astheContin

ent’shierarchywasweakened,handshakingbecameacommonpracticeamongpeopleofthesamerank,asitistoday.(大约在同一时期，那些重视平等的人也会使用握手。然后，随着

欧洲大陆的等级制度被削弱，握手成为同一等级的人之间的一种普遍做法，就像今天一样。)”可知，大多数欧洲人更喜欢握手，因为等级的影响越来越弱。故选D。13．C14．D15．C16．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了欧洲的酒店业员工短缺问题及其原因

。13．细节理解题。由文第二段“ThousandsofworkersleftthehospitalityindustrywheninternationaltravelshutdownduringtheCOVID-19pandemic.Manychosenotto

return,findingbetterpaidemploymentelsewhere,leavinghoteliersfacingadesperateshortage.”（当国际旅行在新冠肺炎疫情期间停止时，成千上万的工人离开了

酒店业。许多人选择不回来，在其他地方找到了收入更高的工作，这让酒店经营者面临着严重的短缺。）可知，欧洲的酒店业务主要面临的是职工短缺问题，故选C项。14．细节理解题。由文第一段“TopEuropeanho

telchainsarehiringworkerswithoutexperienceorevenaresumeasexecutivesadmityearsofunderpayingstaffhavecom

ebacktobite,leavingthemunabletomeetpost-pandemictraveldemand”（欧洲顶级连锁酒店正在雇佣没有经验甚至没有简历的员工，因为高管们承认，多年来薪酬过低的员工进行反击了，使他们无法满足疫情后的旅行需求）可知，

问题的关键原因是员工报酬过低，故选D项。15．细节理解题。由文第三段最后一句“Thenewrecruitsaregivensixhoursoftrainingandlearnonthejob”（新员工会接受六个小时的培训并在工作中学习）可知，该酒店的员

工在开始工作前要先接受六个小时的培训，故选C项。16．推理判断题。由文最后一段Bazin所说的话“Halfofitisthatwe’vebeenblind,we’vebeennotpayingattentiontoalotofpeopleandprobab

lyunderpayingsomepeoplefortoolongaswell”（一半的原因是我们之前一直是盲目的，我们一直没有关注员工，可能对一些人的报酬也过低太久了）可知，他认为应该要多多关注员工，故选B项。17．D18．D19．B20．A【导语

】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一部纪录片电影《晚安，机遇号》，它追溯了“机遇号”和“勇气号”这个火星漫游车的旅程，以及从概念到最后一次传输，为它们奉献生命的人们。17．细节理解题。根据第二段“Butastormformingonthe

horizonchangedeverything.Thisstormwasdifferent.Itrapidlygrewinsize,encirclingtheplanetandblockingoutthesun.T

hesolar-poweredrover’slastmessagetomissioncontroltranslatedtothis:“Mybatteryislowandit’sgettingdark.”（但地平线上形成的一场风暴改变了一切。这次风暴不一样。它的体积迅速

增大，环绕着火星，挡住了太阳。太阳能火星车向任务控制中心发送的最后一条信息是这样的：“我的电池快没电了，天快黑了。”）”可知，巨大的风暴遮住了太阳，让“机遇号”火星漫游车无法获取太阳能，因此结束了生命。故选D项。18．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Thesetworoversbui

ltbyNASAengineersintheearly2000sweretosearchforpastevidenceofwateronMars.（这两辆探测车是由美国宇航局的工程师在21世纪初建造的，目的是寻找火星上存在水的证

据。）”可知，美国宇航局发送这两辆火车漫游车是为了发现火星上曾经存在水的迹象。故选D项。19．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Thefilmtracesthejourneyofthetwinrovers—OpportunityandSpirit—and

thepeoplewhodedicatedtheirlivestothemfromconcepttothatlasttransmission.（这部电影追溯了“机遇号”和“勇气号”这对孪生漫游车的旅程，以及从概念到最后一次传输，为它们奉献生命的人们。）”和倒数第二段中“Thebondsb

etweenteammembersandtheroversquicklydeepened,despitethevastdistancebetweenEarthandMars,makingitmoredifficultwhenSpir

it’sjourneyendedin2011andOpportunityfellsilentin2018.（尽管地球和火星之间距离遥远，但团队成员和漫游车之间的联系迅速加深，这使得2011年“勇气号”的旅程结束、2018年“机遇号”的沉寂变得更加困难。）”

可知，这部电影围绕“机遇号”和“勇气号”漫游车展开，两个漫游车和团队成员之间建立了深厚的感情联系。由此推知，最后一段中“roboticambassador”指的就是“机遇号”和“勇气号”火星漫游车。故选B项。20．推理判断题

。根据第一段“IntheopeningscenesofthenewfilmGoodNightOppy,theOpportunityrover(漫游车)rollsalongthroughPerseveran

ceValleyonMarsinJune2018.（2018年6月，在新电影《晚安，机遇号》的片头，“机遇号”漫游车在火星上的毅力谷行驶。）”、第三段中“Thischapterisjustthebeginningofthedocumentary,availabletostreamonAmazon

PrimeonNovember23,2022.（这一章只是这部纪录片的开始，将于2022年11月23日在亚马逊Prime上播放。）”和最后一段中“Thefilmshinesalightonthehope

ofspaceexplorationandcapturestheemotionalattachmentbetweenhumansandtheroboticambassadorsthatexploreonourbehalf.（这部电影揭示了太空探索的希望，并捕捉到了人类与代

表我们探索的机器人大使之间的情感依恋。）”可知，文章主要围绕纪录片电影《晚安，机遇号》展开，文中穿插了对背景信息的介绍。由此推知，文章的目的是推荐一部纪录片电影。故选A项。21．B22．A23．C24．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。农业在一个

特定经济体的整个生命周期中起着至关重要的作用，是一个国家经济体系的支柱。文章主要介绍了农业的重要性。21．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段“Civilizationbeganwithagriculture,andthoughhumanityhaschangedsignific

antly,agricultureremainsveryimportant.Incertaincountries,itssignificanceismoreapparent,buttherealityisthateveryco

untryintheworlddependsonagricultureforonethingoranother.(文明始于农业，虽然人类已经发生了巨大的变化，但农业仍然非常重要。在某些国家，农业的重要性更为明显，但现实是，世界上每个国家都

在这样或那样地依赖农业。)”指出农业是很重要的，接着第二，三，四，五，六段从不同的方面具体介绍了农业的作用；最后一段“Allinall,agricultureplaysacriticalroleinthee

ntirelifeofagiveneconomy.Agriculturecultureisthebackboneoftheeconomicsystemofagivencountry.(总而言之，农业在一个特定经济体的整个生命周期中起着至关重要的作用。农业文化是一个国家经济体系的支柱。)”

对文章进行总结，指出农业的重要地位，由此可知，文章的主题是农业，故选B。22．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Throughartificialintelligence,blockchainsoftware,andmore,s

cientistsandfarmershavebeenfiguringoutwaystoincreasecropproductivity,uselesswater,andreducenegativeimpactsontheenvironment.(通过人工智能、区块链软件等，科学家和

农民一直在想办法提高作物产量，减少用水量，并减少对环境的负面影响。)可知，在农业中使用技术能提高作物产量，减少用水量，并减少对环境的负面影响，由此可推知，将技术应用到农业中有望实现农业的可持续发展。故选A。23．推理判断题。根据第五段中划线单词所在句子“A

rguably,themostimportantaspectofagricultureisthatit’sthesourceoftheworld’sfoodsupply.Nomatterwhereor

whatyouareeating,theingredientsinyourmealscomefromsomewhere.Allroadsleadtoagriculture.(可以说，农业最重要的方面是它是世界粮食供应的来源。不管你在哪里或吃什么，你的食物

的成分来自某个地方。条条大路通农业。)”可知，作者论证了农业是是我们食物的来源，由此可推知，作者使用“arguably”这个单词是为了表明对自己的陈述很肯定。故选C。24．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Allin

all,agricultureplaysacriticalroleintheentirelifeofagiveneconomy.Agriculturecultureisthebackboneoftheeconomicsystemofa

givencountry.(总而言之，农业在一个特定经济体的整个生命周期中起着至关重要的作用。农业文化是一个国家经济体系的支柱。)”可知，文章主要介绍农业的重要性，故选C。25．D26．C27．A28．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项新的研究发现复习期间的焦虑是导致考试表现不佳

的主要原因，介绍了研究过程，以及减少这种焦虑的方法。25．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Whatissurprising,accordingtotheresearchpublishedinPsychologicalScience

byMariaTheobaldattheLeibnizInstituteandhercolleagues,isthatitisnotthepressureoftheexamhallthatleadstotheproblem;itisthepressureofrevi

sion.(根据莱布尼茨研究所的MariaTheobald和她的同事发表在《心理科学》上的研究，令人惊讶的是，不是考场的压力导致了这个问题，而是复习的压力)”可知，根据研究导致考试表现不佳的原因是复习期间

的压力。故选D。26．推理判断题。根据第二段“Dr.Theobaldlaunchedastudywhichinvolved309Germanmedicalstudentswhousedadigital-learningpl

atformtopreparefortheirfinalstateexam.Toassesstheirlevelsofanxiety,thestudentswereaskedtoratethemonafi

ve-pointscalefor40daysleadinguptotheexam,aswellasonthedayoftheexamandthemockexam(模拟考)taken40daysprior.(Theobald博士发起了一项研究，涉及309名德国医学生，他们使用数字学习平台准备期末

考试。为了评估他们的焦虑程度，学生们被要求在考试前40天内，以及考试当天和40天前的模拟考试中，以五分制对他们的焦虑程度进行评分)”以及第三段的“Anxietyonthedayofthetestdidnotpredictexamperforman

ceatall.Whatdidpredictitwasthelevelofknowledgeastudentdisplayedinthemockexamandtheearlierdigital-lear

ningactivities.(考试当天的焦虑并不能预测考试成绩。预测它的是学生在模拟考试和早期数字学习活动中表现出的知识水平)”推知，Theobald通过分析受试者的焦虑程度和考试表现来进行研究。故选C。27

．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句子“Highlevelsofanxietyduringtheweeksbeforetheexamtookplaceactuallyhamperedstudents,leavingthemwithlessmateria

ltorecallduringtheexamitself.(考试前几周的高度焦虑实际上hampered学生的学习，使他们在考试期间回忆的材料更少)”可知，考试前几周的高度焦虑导致学生在考试期间回忆的材料更少，即这种焦

虑妨碍/影响了学生的学生。由此可知，划线词意为“妨碍，影响”，与restricted同义。故选A。28．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Toreducethisanxiety,sheproposesatwo-fold

strategyforstudentstoconsiderastheyrevise.First,theycanraisetheirbeliefintheirownabilitiesbyremindingthemselvesofjusthowmuchthe

yknow.Second,theycanattachlessimportancetothetestbyremindingthemselvesthat,whileitisimportant,itisnotalife-or-deathsituation.Itreallyi

sn’t.(为了减少这种焦虑，她提出了一个双重策略，供学生在复习时考虑。首先，他们可以通过提醒自己知道多少来提高对自己能力的信心。其次，他们可以通过提醒自己，虽然测试很重要，但这不是生死攸关的情况，从而降低对测试的重视程度。事实并非如此)”可知，为了减少考试焦虑，Theobald建议在学生

在考前提高自己的信心，以及降低对测试的重视程度。故选B。29．B30．B31．D32．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在虎鲨的帮助下，巴哈马海岸发现了一片巨大的海草草地，为世界提供了应对气候变化的工具，因为海草可以通过光合作用捕获大量的碳，并将其储存在海底。29．

细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thankstotheassistanceoftigersharks,ahugeseagrassmeadowintheBahamasBankshasbeendiscovered,offeringtheworldat

ooltofightclimatechange.(在虎鲨的帮助下，巴哈马群岛的一片巨大的海草草地被发现，为世界提供了对抗气候变化的工具)”可知，巴哈马群岛的海草草地是在虎鲨的帮助下被发现的，即通过追踪虎鲨被发现的。故选B项。30．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Seagrasscancapt

ure(捕获)hugequantitiesofcarbonbyphotosynthesis(光合作用)andstoresitontheseafloor.Intermsofclimatechange,thisisexcellentnews(海草可以通过光合作用捕

获大量的碳，并将其储存在海底。就气候变化而言，这是个好消息)”可知，就气候变化而言，海草好处是可以储存大量的碳。故选B项。31．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了在虎鲨的帮助下，巴哈马海岸发现了一片巨大的海草草地，为世界提供了应对气候变化的工具，因为海草可以通过

光合作用捕获大量的碳，并将其储存在海底。所以文章传达的主要信息是海草草地在应对气候变化方面具有巨大的潜力。故选D项。32．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Thisnewdiscoveryoffersoptimismandprovestheimportanceo

ftheoceanforhealing.(这一新发现令人乐观，并证明了海洋对治愈的重要性)”和最后一段“Thesemeadowscanbeprotectedandcanbecopied,offeringhopeforclimatechangearoundth

eglobe.(这些草地可以被保护和复制，为全球气候变化带来了希望)”可知，作者对海草草场的发现持积极态度。故选B项。33．D34．B35．B36．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了普渡大学的科学家们创造了世界上最白的涂料——这一发现不仅为“我们应该把这面墙涂成哪种白色”的困境

增加了另一个选择，而且可能有助于解决气候危机。33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ThepaintwasdevelopedbyPurduemechanicalengineeringprofessorXiulinRuan

andhisteam.Itworksthroughapassivecoolingtechnologythatoffersgreatpromisestoreducespacecoolingcostandglobalwarming.”（这种涂料是由普渡大学机械工程教授阮秀林和他的团队开发的。它的工作原

理是一种被动冷却技术，这种技术很有希望降低空间冷却成本和全球变暖。）可知，关于涂料我们知道它是气候友好型的。故选D项。34．推理判断题。根据第三段中“InaQueensblackoutin2006,175,000peoplewereleftwi

thoutpower,whichleadto40deaths.Thispaintcouldeffectivelybeanalternativetoairconditionersinsomeplaces.”（在2006年皇后区的一次大停电中，17.5万人没有电，导致40人死亡。在一

些地方，这种涂料可以有效地替代空调。）可推知，皇后区停电事件是为了说明涂料的意义。故选B项。35．细节理解题。根据第四段“Thepaintreflects98.1%ofsolarradiationwhilealsogivingoutinf

rared(红外线的)heat.Becausethepainttakesinlessheatfromthesunthanitgivesout,asurfacecoatedwiththispaintiscooledbelowthesurroun

dingtemperaturewithoutusingpower.Coveringaroofareaof1,000squarefeetwiththepaintcouldcreate10kilowatts

ofcoolingpower,theresearchersfound.“That’smorepowerfulthantheairconditionersusedbymosthouses,”RuantoldThisIsPurdue.

”（这种涂料能反射98.1%的太阳辐射，同时还能发出红外线。由于这种涂料从太阳吸收的热量比散发的热量少，涂上这种涂料的表面可以在不使用电力的情况下冷却到周围温度以下。研究人员发现，用这种涂料覆盖1000平方英尺的屋顶可以产生10千瓦的冷却功率。“这比大多数家庭使用的空调更强大，”阮告诉T

hisIsPurdue。）可知，第4段主要谈论了涂料的功能方面的内容。故选B项。36．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Youcan’tbuythepaintjustyet,butresearchersarepartneringwithacompanytoputthepa

intonthemarket.Whileindividualactiontofightelimatechangecanhelpsaveourplanet,it’simportanttonotethatthevastmajo

rityoftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissionscanbetracedbackto100companies.Maybewecandouse(浇)thosecompanieswiththiswhitepaint

,too—itcouldbeworthashot.”（你现在还不能买到这种涂料，但研究人员正在与一家公司合作，将这种涂料推向市场。虽然个人行动对抗气候变化可以帮助拯救我们的地球，但重要的是要注意，世界上

绝大多数温室气体排放可以追溯到100家公司。也许我们可以把这些公司也涂上这种白漆——值得一试。）可推知，从最后一段可以得知研究人员希望看到这种涂料在商业上的应用。故选C项。37．D38．B39．A40．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章从日本女性Naomi的视角介绍了日本人在圣诞节食用KFC的传统，

并分析了这一传统形成的原因。37．推理判断题。根据第二段中Naomi的话“InJapan,itiscustomarytoeatchickenatChristmas（在日本，人们习惯在圣诞节吃鸡肉）”和“Accordingtofiguresreleas

edbytheAmericanfast-foodchain,KFCJapanpulledin6.9billionyen(roughly$63million)fromDecember20to25in2018,withlinesoutthedoorstar

tingonDecember23.Everyyear,theirbusiestdayisusuallyDecember24,onwhichtheyusuallysellaboutfiveto10timesmorethantypicaldays.

（根据这家美国快餐连锁店发布的数据，2018年12月20日至25日，肯德基日本公司的收入为69亿日元（约合6300万美元），从12月23日开始排队。每年，他们最忙的一天通常是12月24日，这一天他们的销售额通常是平时的5到10倍。）”

可知，作者先通过引述Naomi的话呈现本段落的中心句，然后列举了2018年圣诞节期间KFC的销售量，并与平时的KFC的销售量进行对比，从而支撑中心句。因此，作者提到数字的目的在于表明日本人在圣诞节吃鸡肉的传统。故选D项。

38．细节理解题。根据第四段中Naomi的话“ThefestivecommercialsarewhatinitiallymademewanttotrytoeatKFCforChristmas（节日广告最初让我

想在圣诞节吃KFC）”可知，Naomi正是因为受到KFC广告的影响才开始在圣诞节吃KFC。故选B项。39．细节理解题。根据第四段中“…itcanalsobeattributedtoKFC’sharmonyw

ithexistingculturalnorms.Forinstance,thetraditionofsharingabig“partybarrel”offriedchicken,saladandcakefitsneatlyintoJapanesediningculture.（……这也可

以归因于KFC与现有文化传统的融洽。例如，分享大大的派对炸鸡桶、沙拉和蛋糕传统正好符合日本的饮食文化。）”可知，KFC能够在日本受到欢迎的真正深层次的原因应该是KFC适应了日本分享的文化传统。故选A项。40．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要从日本女性Naomi的视角介

绍了日本人在圣诞节食用KFC的传统，并分析了这一传统形成的原因。因此，C项“KFC——日本的圣诞传统”符合文章大意，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。