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练习39语法填空＋阅读理解授课提示：对应学生用书97页Ⅰ.语法填空2024·浙江四校联考新闻报道220词★★★☆☆TheSpace­TimePainter,writtenbyChinesewriterHaiY

a,wontheHugoAwardforBestNoveletteatthe81stWorldScienceFictionConvention1.________(hold)inthesouthwesternCh

inesecityofChengdu.HaibecamethethirdChinese2.________(win)oftheHugoAward,followingsci­fiwritersLiuCixinandHaoJingfang.TheSpace­TimePainterwaspub

lishedin2022.It3.________(inspire)bythelifeexperienceofthe4.________(talent)ChinesepainterWangXimengduringtheNorthernSongperiod(960～1127),whocr

eatedthe12­meter­longlandscapepaintingOneThousandLiofRiversandMountains.Inthisstory,Haididhisbest5.________(balance)therelationshipbetweenthest

ory，charactersandhistory,hopingtobringreadersamaturework.Hesaidthat6.________notabigcategory,historicalsci­fihasal

waysbeenthere.Hai,also7.________financialworker,thinksofhimselfmore8.________asci­fienthusiastthanawriter.“Ihaveverylittletimet

owriteeveryday，”hesaid.“ButIthinkaslongasIloveitandamwillingtoputeffortsinit,Iwillseehopesandthedawn.”TheHugoAwardsarethemostprestigious(有声望

的)awardsofsciencefiction.Theywerefirstpresentedin1953andhavebeenpresented9.________(annual)since1955.TheHugoAwardsarevotedonbymembers

oftheWorldScienceFictionConvention,10.________isalsoresponsibleforadministeringthem.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。由中国作家海漄创作的《时空画师》获得了雨果奖最佳短中篇小说

奖。它的灵感来自中国天才画家王希孟在北宋时期的生活经历。在这个故事中，海漄尽最大努力平衡故事、人物和历史之间的关系，希望能给读者带来一部成熟的作品。1．答案与解析：held分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语。hold与空前名词短语“

the81stWorldScienceFictionConvention”是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填held。句意：这部由中国作家海漄创作的《时空画师》，在由中国西南部城市成都举行的第

81届世界科幻大会(世界大会)上获得了雨果奖最佳短中篇小说奖。2．答案与解析：winner根据空前的“thethirdChinese”和语境可知，空处应填名词winner。句意：继科幻作家刘慈欣和郝景芳之后，海漄成为第三位获得雨果奖的中国人。3．答案

与解析：wasinspired分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。根据前文讲的这本书出版于2022年可知，此处时态用一般过去时。It与inspire之间是被动关系，主语是第三人称单数。故填wasinspired。句意：它

的灵感来自中国天才画家王希孟在北宋时期(960～1127)的生活经历，他创作了12米长的山水画《千里江山图》。4．答案与解析：talented空前是定冠词the，空后核心词是名词，空处应用形容词。故填talented“有天赋的，天才的”。5．答案与解析：tob

alance此处考查固定短语tryone'sbesttodosth.“尽某人最大努力去做某事”。故填tobalance。6．答案与解析：although/though/while分析句子结构可知，that后是宾语从句。再结合语境“

虽然不是一个大的类别，但历史科幻小说一直在那里”可知，前后语义间存在明显的让步关系，故填although/though/while。此处让步状语从句中省略了主语和be动词，补充完整为“although/though/whilehistoricals

ci­fiisnotabigcategory”。7．答案与解析：a海漄也是一名金融工作者，他认为自己更是一名科幻爱好者而不是作家。根据句意，此处表示“一名金融工作者”，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且financial的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。8．答案与解析：as参见上题解析。t

hinkofoneselfas...为固定搭配，表示“认为自己是……”。故填as。9．答案与解析：annually分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，应用副词修饰。故填annually。10．答案与解析：whi

ch分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺主语，先行词是表示物的theWorldScienceFictionConvention。故填which。Ⅱ.阅读理解A2023·全国乙卷议论文325词★★★★☆Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthew

holeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlyso

meoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterach

ievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtoge

thertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan't.Theclearestexample

ofthisbetweenliterateandnon­literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook'svoyageandtheAustralianAbori

ginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain'srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedb

yamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,the

shieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehens

ionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Th

osewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginal

s,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowe

rfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon­literatesocietiessu

chasthese,allourfirst­handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,__wehavetoreadnotjustt

hetexts,buttheobjects.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmai

nlyabout?A．Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B．Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C．Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwo

rds.D．Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.答案与解析：A主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeoneparto

fhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Wr

itingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecorded

theirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史

曾经被文学记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。2．Whatdo

estheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinParagraph2?A．Hisreportwasscientific.B．Herepresentedthelocal

people.C．HeruledoverBotanyBay.D．Hisrecordwasone­sided.答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsome

chaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan't.(理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到

。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain'srecordofthatterr

ibleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.(从英国方面来看，我

们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。3．Whatdoestheunder

linedword“conversation”inParagraph3referto?A．Problem.B．History.C．Voice.D．Society.答案与解析：B词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The

CaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmos

tpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)bet

weenliterateandnon­literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst­handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.(加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的

土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个话语权。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合画线

句“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读

文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读物品。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。4．Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmo

stlikelyselectedfrom?A．HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB．AShortHistoryofAustraliaC．AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD．HowArtWor

ksTellStories答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitt

hroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能

仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects

.(如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。B2024·湖北七校联考议论文325词★

★★☆☆Standinginmyoffice25yearsagowasanunknown,newlyrisingastronomerwithahalf­smileonherface.Shehadcomewithademandthatmyteamchangeourtestedsoftware

tomakeoneofourmostimportantandin­demandscientificinstrumentsdosomethingithadneverbeendesignedfor,andriskbreakingitdown.Alltocarryoutanexperimen

tthatwasbasicallyawasteoftimeandcouldn'tbedone—toprovethatamassiveblackholehidatthecenterofourMilkyWay.Myinitia

l“noway”graduallygavewayinthefaceofhercheerfulbutfirmdetermination.Itwasmyfirstencounterwithaforceofnature,AndreaGhez,on

eofthreewinnersoftheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin2020.Thatdeterminationandthewillingnesstotakecalculatedrisk

shasalwayscharacterizedAndrea.For25yearsshehasfocusedalmostonlyonSagittariusA—thenameofourownlocalsupermassiv

eblackhole.AndAndreaisoneofthegreatpioneersinthissearchwithoutquestion.AndreadidherworkattheW．M.KeckObservatory'stwintelescopesonMaunakea,Hawaii.She

startedusingtheveryfirstinstrumentlicensedonKeckObservatory'sNearInfraredCamera(NIRC).NIRCwasneverdesignedtodowhatAndreane

ededbutshewasnottobedenied.Anditworked!Itwasextremelyhardandtime­consumingtomakesenseofthedata,butAndreapersiste

d.AsAndreawouldbetheveryfirsttoacknowledge,thisvictoryrepresentsthecombinedeffortsofsomany.Butactuallyonepersonhadtheideafortheresearc

h.Onepersonhadthechutzpah(无所顾忌)toproposeitandonepersonhadthedeterminationandfocustomakeithappen,notdiscouragedbyallwhosaiditwasawasteoftime.Thatpers

onisAndreaGhez,winnerofthe2020NobelPrizeforPhysics.5．WhatdidtheauthorthinkofAndreaGhez'srequestatfirst?A．

It'sdemanding.B．It'sinteresting.C．It'sacceptable.D．It'smeaningless.答案与解析：D根据第一段最后两句可推知，作者一开始认为AndreaGhez的要求是毫无意义的，是浪费时间的。6．Whatdo

welearnaboutAndreaGhez'sresearchfromParagraph2?A．Ittakesdecadesofefforts.B．Itdealswithpowerofnature.C．It'sapurelyindividualproject.D．It'

saboutmeasurementofahole.答案与解析：A根据第二段中“For25yearsshehasfocusedalmostonlyonSagittariusA—thenameofourownlocalsupermassiveblackho

le.”可知，AndreaGhez的研究花费了几十年的努力。7．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAndreaGhez'sworkinHawaii?A．Dangerous.B．Pleasant.C．Challenging.D．Fruit

less.答案与解析：C根据第三段中“Itwasextremelyhardandtime­consumingtomakesenseofthedata...”可知，AndreaGhez的研究工作是非常有

挑战性的。8．WhatdowelearnfromAndreaGhez'ssuccess?A．Itisrewardingtocooperate.B．Theoldmethodsstillworktoday.C．Itpaystoputtheoryintopractice.D．Per

sistenceleadstosuccess.答案与解析：D通读全文可知，Andrea的成功在于她的坚持，坚持自己的想法，专注于实现自己的目标，而不受别人看法的影响。答题策略语法填空——名词名词题的解题步骤例题Chengduha

sdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop_

_______(attract).步骤①根据空白处所填词在句中的成分或作定语的限定词判断是否该填名词(多考查名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语，名词还可以作同位语、宾语补足语和状语)②结合句意确定选择何种名词形式③确定名词的数答案,attraction所填

词在句中作表语，并且有物主代词its修饰，故应用其名词形式。结合句意，应填attraction