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练习58阅读理解＋读后续写授课提示：对应学生用书145页Ⅰ.阅读理解A2022·全国乙卷说明文300词★★★★☆TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuc

hmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thet

axwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity(肥胖).Itisbelievedtha

ttoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthediseas

e.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmake

lessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesafterm

orethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drin

ksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompaniesha

vebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,s

omehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk­basedd

rinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today's

figures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitie

s(设施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspa

rt.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。1．Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A．Tocollectmoneyforschools.

B．Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C．Toprotectchildren'shealth.D．Toencourageresearchineducation.答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“F

irstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity.(该税于2016年4月首

次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖)”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C项。2．Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A．Theyturnedtooverseasmarket

s.B．Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C．Theycutdownontheirproduction.D．Thereducedtheirproducts'sugarcontent.答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Itco

mesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.(此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税

)”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。3．Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A．Mostalcoholicdrinks.B．Milk­baseddrinks.C．Fruitjuices.D．

ClassicCoke.答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearo

fupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk­baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufactur

ingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.(然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的)”

可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。4．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A．Itisashort­sighteddecision.B．Itisasuccessst

ory.C．Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D．Itupsetscustomers.答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Today'sfigures,accordingtoon

egovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatingins

chools.(根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑)”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。B2022·全国乙卷说明文307词★★★★☆Canasmallgroupofdro

nes(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyi

ngtoday's“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrains

ona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh­tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamet

hingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themorer

egularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon­timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效

)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.I

tiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenance

staff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassis

tingthecrews'efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher­valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsinthe

railorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engin

eersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogram

medtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco­pilot.W

iththeirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast­movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼

”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。5．Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheck

ingonpowerlines.B．Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C．Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D．Drones'reli

ableperformanceinremoteareas.答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh­tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingt

oinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.(无人机已经被

用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可推知，无人机在高空工作的能力使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。6．Whatdoes“maintenance”underl

inedinParagraph3referto?A．Personnelsafety.B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair.D．Constructionofinfrastructure.答案与解析：C词义猜测题。根据后文“Itiscalculat

edthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenanc

estaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可

知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure(检查和维修铁路基础设施)”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionof

railwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和C项：Inspectionandrepair(检修)含义相近。故选C。7．Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A．Toprovideearlywarning.

B．Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C．Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D．Toacceleratetransportation.答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Verysmalldroneswithadvancedsensors

andAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco­pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyprobl

em,sothatfast­movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.(带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。凭借他们的预见能力，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶

的火车能够及时做出反应。)”可知对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题做出预警。故选A。8．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB．HowProductionofDro

nesCanBeExpandedC．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways答案与解析：D主旨大意

题。根据文章主题段第一段“Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,help

railwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's‘eyesinthesky’technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilomete

rsofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？这很可能是应用今

天的‘空中之眼’技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能；第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人

机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。Ⅱ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。[2024·湖北武

汉部分学校调研]AHeartyWelcomeChasecountedhisnewyeargiftsonemoretimeasheputarobot­shapederaserintoeachenvelope.“Twenty,twenty­one,

twenty­two.”“Doyouhaveoneforeveryoneinyourclass？”Momasked.“Yep！”Chasesaid.“I'mreadyforthepartytomorrow！”WhenChasegottoschoolthenextday,hesawane

wgirlinhisclassroom.ShestoodnearMs.Robinsandlookedaroundshyly.“ThisisEva，”saidMs.Robins.“Willsomeonevolunteertoshowheraroundtoday？”Chaseraisedhi

shandsincehelikedshowingthenewkidsaroundandhelpingthemfeelwelcome.“Thanks,Chase，”Ms.Robinssaid.“Nowlet'sgetdo

wntoourwork.”That'swhenChaserealizedhedidn'thaveanewyeargiftforEva.Nooneelsewouldhaveoneeither.Chasepicturedhisclassmates'deskscoveredwith

giftswhileEva'sdeskwasempty.Hefeltsadaboutthat.Atbreak,hewascarefulnottomentionthepartyasheshowedEvaaroundtheplayground.Atlunchtime,hewalkedEvatothe

lunchroom,stillworriedaboutwhatwouldhappenattheparty.Evahadbroughtapackedlunch,soChaseshowedherwhereshewassupposedtositandintroducedhertosomeof

thekidsathertable.Whileeating,Chasesuddenlyrememberedthatkidsoftenincludedcandyheartswiththenewyeargif

tstheyexchanged.Thiswon'tbeNewYear'sDayforEvawithnogifts.Butashesatdownathistable,anideafloodedintohishead.Hewhispereditto

thekidsaroundhim.Sooneveryoneatthetablewasnoddingandwhispering.Whentheywerebackintheclassroomafterlunch,ChasetoldMs.Robinsabouttheirplan.Ms

.Robinssmiled.“That'sverythoughtful，”shesaid.“Let'sgoforit.”Itwasmathtime,soChaseinvitedEvatostudywithhim.HemadesureEvasatwithherbacktot

heroomsoshewouldn'tnotice.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。Meanwhile,hernewclassmateswerebusyworkingonsomething.___________________

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_________________________________________________________________________________________________“Here'syournewyeargift,Eva.It'sfromeve

ryone，”Chasesaid.____________________________________________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：Meanwhile,hernewclassmateswerebusywork

ingonsomething.TheyweregoingtogiveEvatheir“hearts”.Quicklybutquietly,Ms.Robins,withanexquisitepaperbags

hefetchedfromheroffice,waswalkingaroundtheclassroomtocollectthecandyhearts.Growingheavywiththepaperbagwasthestudents'welcomefortheirnewclassmate.S

ittingbesideEva,Chasefelthisheartracingandpalmssweating.InordernottoruinthenewyearsurpriseforEva,hepretendedtobediscussingmath

problemswithhertooccupyherattention.ThestoneinhisheartfinallydroppedwhenMs.Robinstiptoedtowardshimandplacedthepaperbagonhishands.“Here'syou

rnewyeargift,Eva.It'sfromeveryone，”Chasesaid.SurprisewrittenonEva'sface,sheturnedaroundandwasgreetedbythesunnysmilesonherc

lassmates'faces.“Openit，”Chasesaid.Nosoonerhadsheopenedthepaperbagthaneverybodycheered,“HappyNewYear.”Thecandieswhichweremad

eintheshapeofheartsblurredhereyes.Springingfromherseat,shesteppedforwardandbowedtohernewbutconsiderateclassmates,whonotonlyerasedheranx

ietybutalsoplantedtheseedofhopeinherheart.Whataheartywelcome!答题策略语法填空——词语辨析常见词语辨析①many修饰或代替可数名词复数；much修饰或代替不可数名词②“时间段＋ag

o”相对现在多久以前；“时间段＋before”相对过去多久以前③some用于肯定句；any用于疑问句和否定句④so与very均可修饰形容词或副词的原级，much多修饰比较级，verymuch修饰动词⑤ever“从来，在任何时候，曾经”；never“从来不”⑥latest为形容词，意为“最新的

”；later作副词表示“较晚地；后来”，与表示时间的词连用，表示“……之后”⑦beside为介词，表示“在……旁边”；besides为副词，表示“除此以外(还)”⑧usedtodosth.“过去常常做某事”；beusedtodoingsth.“习惯于做某事”⑨no相当于n

ota或notany；not否定动词