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练习58阅读理解＋读后续写Ⅰ.阅读理解A2022·全国乙卷说明文300词★★★★☆TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyas

Ministersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingm

orethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity(肥胖).Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersa

reconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugar

taxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenera

te￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshav

ehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultof

manufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtop

aybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicC

ocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk­baseddrinksandmostal

coholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentoffi

cial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(设施)andhealthierea

tinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.1．Whywasthesugartaxintroduce

d?A．Tocollectmoneyforschools.B．Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C．Toprotectchildren'shealth.D．Toencourageresearchineducation.2．Howdidsom

edrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A．Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B．Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C．Th

eycutdownontheirproduction.D．Thereducedtheirproducts'sugarcontent.3．Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A．Mostalcoholicdrinks.B．M

ilk­baseddrinks.C．Fruitjuices.D．ClassicCoke.4．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A．Itisashort­sigh

teddecision.B．Itisasuccessstory.C．Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D．Itupsetscustomers.B2022·全国乙卷说明文307词★★★★☆Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteeth

esafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutu

reofapplyingtoday's“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastru

cture(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh­tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreci

selythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitch

ingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon­timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldb

ecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterpr

otectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmai

ntenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'

efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher­valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforethey

cancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthef

uture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthet

raincouldguideitlikeaco­pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast­movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.5．Whatmak

estheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B．Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C．Thereductionofcostindes

igningdrones.D．Drones'reliableperformanceinremoteareas.6．Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinParagraph3referto?

A．Personnelsafety.B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair.D．Constructionofinfrastructure.7．Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A．Toprovideear

lywarning.B．Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C．Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D．Toacceleratetransportation.8．Whichisthemostsuitabletitlefort

hetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD．HowDronesWillChangetheFutur

eofRailwaysⅡ.读后续写[2023·重庆市质调Ⅱ]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。BeingPlanted“106！”Thecryofdisappointmentbreaksthesilenceofthepeacefulnight

.Indarkness,hestandsstillthere,withtearsdroppingcontinuouslyfromhiseyes.Heisa5th­yearPh.D.studentmajoringi

nbiology.Thisishis106thattempttocultivatestrawberrieswhichcouldbearextremeclimates.Inhis105thexperiment,hedidalltheprecautionsthat

heknewcouldleadhimclosertohisgoal.Everygenerationofthestrawberryseemedtobringhimclosertosuccess,buteverytimetheresu

ltwasalike—failure,failure,failure.Hehasliterallygotusedtoit.Butthistime,hecanhardlyhelpfeelingfrustratedandangry.“Whostolem

yexperimentalstrawberry！”Lastnight,whenhegottothefield,hewasthrilled.Althoughmostoftheplantswereobviouslydying,o

neplantstoodvigorouslyinthemiddleoftheexperimentalfield.Theplantwaslabeled“PlantNo.106”.Whatacoincidence!Inhis106thattempt,the106thpla

ntwasfinallymutating(变异)initsidealway—thesparkofhope,tohim.Lastnight,PlantNo.106'sfruitstartedtoturnred.Hewasneverso

closetosuccess.Whatheneededtodowaswaitforseveraldaystoharvestthatpink,shinyandattractivefruit.Butthisnight,thefruitdisappears.S

odoeshishope.“3years'effort!1，096days'struggling!13，152hours'DNAeditingandexperiment.ALLGONE！”hemurmurstohimself.Heregretsthathedidn'tgetasmall

sampleofthestolenstrawberrylastnight.Nowheisusinghisfingerstodigtheground.Hedoesn'tknowwhyheisdoingso.Heiswella

warethattheresultsofthepast106attemptsareallwastedbecauseoftheincidentandhisnottakingthesampleintime.Hehasnoseedsleft.A

tthepresent,heseemstohaveonly2choices:tostartfromtheverybeginning,ortogiveup.注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。Heuseshisfingers

todigthesoilofthatinchoffieldwhichusedtocontainhishope.__________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答题策略语法填空——词语辨析常见词语辨析①many修饰或代替

可数名词复数；much修饰或代替不可数名词②“时间段＋ago”相对现在多久以前；“时间段＋before”相对过去多久以前③some用于肯定句；any用于疑问句和否定句④so与very均可修饰形容词或副词的

原级，much多修饰比较级，verymuch修饰动词⑤ever“从来，在任何时候，曾经”；never“从来不”⑥latest为形容词，意为“最新的”；later作副词表示“较晚地；后来”，与表示时间的词连用，表示“……之后”⑦beside为介词，表示“在……旁边”；be

sides为副词，表示“除此以外(还)”⑧usedtodosth.“过去常常做某事”；beusedtodoingsth.“习惯于做某事”⑨no相当于nota或notany；not否定动词