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练习51语法填空+阅读理解授课提示:对应学生用书128页Ⅰ.语法填空2024·江苏淮安联考说明文175词★★★☆☆Ifyouhadthechance1.________(return)toancientChina
andaskaneducatedman2.________hisbiggestdreamwas,hewouldtellyouthathewantedtobecomeazhuangyuan,atitle3.________(give)tothescholarwhocamefirstinthehigh
estimperialexamination(科举考试).InancientChina,itwasnotthateasytobe4.________official.Youhavetotakeexamsfirst.Theexamsareverydifficultandhav
emany5.________(procedure).TheoutcomehastobeconfirmedbytheEmperor6.________(he).Thenumberonescholarwiththebestscoreintheimperialexamiscalledzhuangyua
n.Onceyouareselected7.________thezhuangyuan,youwillbeappreciatedbytheEmperorandappearinaparadedowntownwitha
redrobe(礼袍)andatall,stronghorse.Nowtheimperial8.________(compete)examinationhasbeencanceledformanyyears.However,peoplestillliketocallthe9.___
_____(good)personintheirfieldazhuangyuan.Theoldsaying10.________(go)thatthereare360tradesandeverytradehasits
master,orzhuangyuan.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在古代科举考试中获得第一名的学者被称为状元。现在科举考试已经被取消很多年了,然而,人们仍然喜欢称他们领域里最好的人为状元。1.答案与解析:toreturn如果你有机会回到
古代中国,问一个受过教育的人他最大的梦想是什么,他会告诉你,他想成为一个状元,这是一个授予在最高科举考试中获得第一名的学者的头衔。在If引导的条件状语从句中已有谓语动词had,空处应用动词不定式作后置定语,修饰名词chance,说明chance内容。故填toreturn。2.答案与解
析:what参见上题解析。空处引导宾语从句,作ask的宾语,从句中缺少表语,此处表示“问一个受过教育的人他最大的梦想是什么”,应用what引导该宾语从句。故填what。3.答案与解析:given参见第1题解析。空前的atitle是名词作同
位语,空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰atitle。atitle和动词give之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词形式。故填given。4.答案与解析:an在中国古代,成为一名官员并不那么容易。official“官员”为可数名词,其前无限定词,又根据句意,此处表示“成为一名官员”,空
处应用不定冠词表示泛指。official的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。5.答案与解析:procedures考试很难,有很多程序。procedure“程序,步骤,手续”可作可数名词,空前有many修饰,空处应用复数形式。故填procedures。6.答案与解析:himself结果
必须得到皇帝本人的确认。根据语境可知,此处表示“皇帝本人”,应用反身代词himself。故填himself。7.答案与解析:as一旦你被选为状元,你将受到皇帝的赏识,并穿着红礼袍和一匹高大强壮的马出现在市中心的游行队伍中。beselectedas意为“被选为”。故填as。8.答案与解析:c
ompetitive现在这种皇家竞争性的考试已经被取消很多年了。空处应用形容词作定语,修饰名词examination,compete的形容词形式是competitive,意为“竞争的,竞争性的”。故填competitive。9.答案与解析:best然而,
人们仍然喜欢称他们领域里最好的人为状元。根据语境和空前的定冠词the可知,空处用形容词的最高级形式。故填best。10.答案与解析:goes俗话说“三百六十行,行行出状元”。空处在主句中作谓语,此处叙述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语Theol
dsaying是单数形式,空处应用单数形式。故填goes。Ⅱ.阅读理解A2024·武汉调研说明文304词★★★★☆WhenImentionedtosomefriendsthatweallhaveaccents,mostofthemproudlyreplied,“Well,Ispe
akperfectEnglish/Chinese/etc.”Butthiskindofresponsemissesthepoint.Moreoftenthannot,whatwemeanwhenwesaysomeone“has
anaccent”isthattheiraccentisdifferentfromthelocalone,orthatpronunciationsaredifferentfromourown.Butthisdefinitionofacc
entsislimitingandcouldgiverisetoprejudice.Funnilyenough,intermsofthelanguagestudy,everypersonspeakswit
hanaccent.Itistheregulardifferencesinhowweproducesoundsthatdefineouraccents.Evenifyoudon'thearityourself,youspeakwithsomesortofaccent.Inthisse
nse,it'spointlesstopointoutthatsomeone“hasanaccent”.Wealldo!Everypersonspeaksadialect(方言),too.Inthefiel
dofthelanguagestudy,adialectisaversionofalanguagethatischaracterizedbyitsvariationsofstructure,phrasesandwords.Forinsta
nce,“Yougoteatornot?”(meaning“Haveyoueaten?”)isanacceptableandunderstoodquestioninSingaporeOralEnglish.Thefa
ctthatthisexpressionwouldcauseastandardAmericanEnglishspeakertotakepausedoesn'tmeanthatSingaporeOralEnglishis“wron
g”or“ungrammatical”.Thesentenceiswellformedandclearlycommunicative,accordingtonativeSingaporeEnglishspeakers'solidsystemofgrammar.Whys
houlditbewrongjustbecauseit'sdifferent?Weneedtomovebeyondanarrowconceptionofaccentsanddialects—forthebenefitofeveryone.Languagediff
erencesliketheseprovideinsightsintopeople'sculturalexperiencesandbackgrounds.Inaglobalage,thewayonespeaksisadistin
ctpartofone'sidentity.Mostpeoplewouldbehappytotalkabouttheculturesbehindtheirspeech.We'dlearnmoreabouttheworldw
eliveinandmakefriendsalongtheway.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了口音指的是什么,口音存在的普遍性以及口音的价值所在。1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhis/herfriends'responseinParagr
aph1?A.Itreflectstheirselfconfidence.B.Itreflectstheirlanguagelevels.C.Itmissesthepointofcommunication.D.Itmissestherealmeaningofaccents.答案与解析
:D推断。根据第一段中的“Well,IspeakperfectEnglish/Chinese/etc”和第二段中的“whatwemeanwhenwesaysomeone...withanaccent”可知,通常情况下,当我们说某人“有口音”时
,我们的意思是某个人的口音与当地的口音有差别或者和我们自己的发音有区别,事实上每个人都有口音。据此可以推测,朋友的回答很明显误解了“口音”的真正含义,故D项正确。2.WhydoestheauthorusetheexampleofSingaporeOralEnglis
h?A.Tojustifytheuseofdialects.B.Toshowthediversityofdialects.C.Tocorrectagrammaticalmistake.D.Tohighlightatraditionalapproach.答案与解析:A推断。举例一般是为了说明上
文中提到的较为抽象或晦涩的概念。根据第三段中举例前面的“adialectisaversionofalanguagethatischaracterizedbyitsvariationsofstructure,phrasesandwords”可以看出,作者之所以拿新加坡的方言举
例是为了说明方言不过是具有特定结构、短语和词汇的语言变体,由该段最后一句也可知,不能因为方言是不同的就认为它不正确。故A项“证明使用方言是正当的”正确。3.Whatdoestheauthorrecommendustodointhelast
paragraph?A.Learntospeakwithourlocaldialect.B.Seekforanofficialdefinitionofaccents.C.Appreciatethevalueofaccentsandd
ialects.D.Distinguishourlocallanguagesfromothers'.答案与解析:C推断。根据最后一段中的“Languagedifferencesliketheseprovidei
nsightsinto...makefriendsalongtheway”可知,语言的差异会让我们更加了解不同的文化经历和背景,了解我们居住的世界,并帮助我们结交朋友。由此可以推断,作者建议我们要懂得欣赏口音和方言的价值,
故C项正确。4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthispassage?A.EveryoneHasanAccentB.AccentsEnhanceOurIdentitiesC.DialectsLeadto
MisunderstandingD.StandardEnglishIsatRisk答案与解析:A理解文章主旨要义。本文第一段通过朋友们的反应引出口音这个话题;第二段讲述了对口音的正确理解,并指出每个人都有口音;第三段讲到了每个人都在讲方言,并以新加坡英语口语
为例说明使用方言是正当的;第四段讲到了口音和方言的价值所在,并鼓励读者学会欣赏口音和方言。故A项“每个人都有口音”适合作本文的标题。B2024·南京市、盐城市模拟说明文309词★★★☆☆Amongmyfriends,onetopicseemstodominatetheirconve
rsations:bones.Itmakessense,giventhat20percentofAmericanwomenover50haveosteoporosis(骨质疏松)andthatmorethanhalfhaveboneloss.Formen,thefiguresarel
ower:4percentandathird.Worldwide,oneoutofthreewomenover50andoneoutoffiveoldermenwilldevelopafracture(骨折).Anotherreas
onfortheendlessargumentaboutboneproblemsismassconfusionoverhowtostrengthenyourbonesbestandwhetherdietreallymakesadifferen
ce.Dietresearchisalwaysmessy,andstudyresultsonnutritionandbonehealthhaven'tbeenconsistent.But__gradual
ly__some__clarity__is__emerging.Aswedrawupresolutionsforwhattoeat,it'susefultolookatnewdataonvitaminD.Calciumisthekeye
lementforbuildingbones,andvitaminDhelpstoabsorbcalciumfromthefoodweeat,sodoctorsoftenrecommendDsupplements(补充物)tomakeupf
oragerelatedboneloss.ButarecentstudyfoundthattakingDsupplementsforfiveyearsdidnotreducetherateoffracturesinseniors.Thatresultbuiltonearlierfind
ings,ledbythesameteam,thatthesesupplementsdonotimprovebonedensity(密度).“Foodandsunexposurelikelyprovideenoughv
itaminDforhealthyadults,”saysMeryLeBoff,wholedthestudy.Whatdoeshelpmaintainstrongbonesforallofus?Theeasyanswerisfoodhighincalcium,suc
hasmilkandtofu.“Gettingitfromfoodisbest,”LeBoffsays,“becausetherearesomanyothernutrients(营养物),andyouhavemorecontinuousabsorptionthanfromDsuppleme
nts.”Theotherkeyelementofbonehealthinvolvescaloriesoutratherthancaloriesin.Weightbearingexercisestimulatesboneformationthroughoutl
ife.Sowhilefocusingonbetternutritionalchoices,addmoreexercisetoyourdailymenu.【语篇解读】一项研究表明服用补充维生素D五年并不能降低老年人的骨折率,但高钙食物和运动有助于增强骨骼健
康。5.WhatdothestatisticsinParagraph1emphasize?A.Theseriousnessofboneproblems.B.Theconcernaboutseniorciti
zens.C.Theconfusionaboutstrengtheningbones.D.Theimportanceofhavingabalanceddiet.答案与解析:A推断。根据第一段中的“Itmakessense...willdevelopafracture(骨折)”可知
,这些数据表明美国男性女性的骨质疏松问题严重,世界范围内男性女性发生骨折现象也比比皆是。故该段中用真实数据强调了现实中人们骨骼问题的严重性。故A项正确。6.Whatdoestheunderlinedsente
nceinParagraph2imply?A.Dietresearchisnolongerachallenge.B.We'vemaderesolutionstostudydiets.C.Findingsonbonehe
althprovetobesimilar.D.Webegintoagreeonwaystokeepboneshealthy.答案与解析:D理解句意。根据第二段中的“Dietresearchisalwaysmessy,andstudyresultsonnutr
itionandbonehealthhaven'tbeenconsistent”和But表转折可知,前文讲关于营养和骨骼健康的研究结果也不一致,后文应该讲就保持骨骼健康一事大家达成了共识;本段中的“sodoctorsoftenrecommendDsupplements(补充物)tomakeu
pforagerelatedboneloss”也是提示。故D项正确。7.Whatcanbeinferredfromtherecentstudy?A.PeoplecanabsorbvitaminDinfoodeasily.B.Thefindingsgoa
gainstLeBoff'searlierones.C.Dsupplementsplayaminorrolethanexpected.D.Fracturesarelinkedwithweightbearingexercise
.答案与解析:C推断。根据第三段中的“Butarecentstudyfound...thesesupplementsdonotimprovebonedensity(密度)”可知,最近的研究表明,维生素D补充剂没能起到预
期效果,即减少老年人的骨折率。再根据第四段中的“becausetherearesomanyothernutrients(营养物),andyouhavemorecontinuousabsorptionthanfromDsupplements”可
知,还有其他营养物质吸收效果好于维生素D。两者都明确表明维生素D对保持骨骼的健康而言效果不佳。故C项正确。8.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RecipesforbetterbonesB
.Yourbonescry!C.ThemagicofDsupplementsD.VitaminDwins!答案与解析:A理解文章主旨要义。第一段主要讲现实中人们骨骼问题的严重性;第二段主要讲渐渐地人们开始就保
持骨骼健康问题的方法——吃维生素D补充剂——达成一致;根据第三段中的“Butarecentstudyfound...fracturesinseniors”可知,维生素D补充剂在减少老年人骨折方面没有起
到预期效果。再根据第四段中的“Whatdoeshelp...milkandtofu”和第五段可知,要想保持强健的骨骼,最简单的方式是吃含钙高的食物,比如牛奶和豆腐,另一种方法是多进行日常锻炼。由此可知,本文给人们提供了两种更好的强健骨骼的诀窍。故A项作本文的标题最佳。答题策略语法填空——代词代词
的应用与少用应用①认清代词指代对象,注意前后人称要一致②认清代词指代对象,注意前后单复数要一致③认清代词指代对象,注意前后性别要一致④this,that,it的应用;something和everything的应用;so和such的应用;反
身代词与人称代词的应用;形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的应用;人称代词和物主代词的应用;人称代词的主格和宾格的应用,注意它的区别和运用少用,⑤,物主代词或人称代词的少用⑥,留意无冠词、无物主代词、无不定代词修饰的名词