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考点分类练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意类A(2022山东济南二模)Withoutsharpreductionsingreenhousegasemissions,climatechangethreatensfutureW

interOlympicGamesbecausetheirlocationswouldbetoowarmtohosttheevents,anewstudyhasfound.Iftheworld’shighemissionscontinuetheirtrend,by

the2080sallbutoneofthe21citiesthatpreviouslyhostedtheWinterGames—Sapporo,Japan—wouldnotbeabletodosoagain.Amongthem,6citieswouldbeconsidered“marginal

”while14wouldevenbeseen“unreliable”—meaningtherightconditionsforsnowandathletesafetycannotbemet.Butthatwon’

tnecessarilyhappeniftheworldtakesurgentactionandfollowsthe2015ParisClimateAgreement,accordingtoDanielScott,theleadre

searcherfortheUniversityofWaterloo’sreport.Underthatdeal,nearly200countriesagreedtogreatlycuttheircollectivegreenhouseemissions.Athletesa

ndcoachessurveyedbytheresearcherssaidthey’realreadyseeingtheeffectclimatechangehasontheirsports.“Someofthecoachesthatdi

dthesurveyhavebeencoachesinthesportfor30years,”Scottsaid.“They’vetraveledtheworld,backtothesamecompet

itions,andthey’veseenthatcertaincompetitionsdon’thappen,asregularlyoruninterruptedlyastheyusedtobecauseofwarmertemperatures

.”TheSummerOlympicsarealsofeelingtheeffectsofclimatechange.Tokyo’sOlympicandParalympicGamesarelikelyoneof—ifn

ot—thehottestandmosthumidGamesonrecord.Dailytemperaturesreached80℉highwithhighhumidity(湿度)thatcouldmakeitfeellike100℉.

Butwintersportsseemmorestronglyinfluencedbytheimpactofawarmerworld.Duringthe2014WinterOlympicsinSochi,Russia,skierswereover

heatinginthesamewayamarathonrunnerwouldatnearly90℉weather.Duetothegreatimpact,thestudymakesusworrythatoutdoorgamesma

yhavetomoveindoorsorbeheldatadifferenttimeofyearaltogetherinordertoaccommodatehighertemperatures.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“marginal

”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Almostunqualified.B.Prettysatisfactory.C.Ratherunpopular.D.Quitesuitable.2.WhyareTokyo’sOly

mpicsmentionedinparagraph5?A.ToshowthespiritoftheOlympics.B.Tostresstheimpactofclimatechange.C.Torevealthecauseofwarmerclimate.D.Tocomparesummerandw

interOlympics.3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefindingofthestudy?A.Conservative.B.Tolerant.C.Optimistic.D.Concerned.4.Whatdoesthetextmainl

ytalkabout?A.Globalclimatechange.B.Greenhousegasemissions.C.TheWinterOlympicscrisis.D.ThefutureOlympicGames.BMetaannounced

todaythatitexceeded(超越)oneofitsbiggestenvironmentalgoals:itmanagedtoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsby94percentin2021.Ithadprevious

lypromisedtocutplanet-heatingemissionsby75percent.Thecompanysaidthatithadalsoachieveditsgoalof“netzeroemissions”.Metaalsoannouncedthatithada

chievedanothergoal:itnowpurchasesenoughrenewableenergytocover100percentofitsglobaloperations,whichincludesitsofficesan

ddatacenters.Butthatdoesn’tmeanthatallofitsoperationsareactuallypoweredbyrenewableslikesolarandwindenergy—atleastnotyet.Renewableenergyisontherise,

butmostelectricitygrids(电网)stillrelyonfossilfuels.Whencompaniescan’tpurchaseenoughrenewableenergyfromutilitiesbecausethe

reisn’tenoughsupply,theybuyrenewableenergycertificatesthatsignalthatthecompanyinvestedinrenewableenergyprojectssomewhere.

Thoseprojectscanbelocatedanywhere,andcertificateshavebeensoldforsocheapthatexpertssaytheydon’treallyleadtomorerenewableenergyproduction.Meta

alsoreliesonrenewableenergycertificates,butitfocusesonsigninglong-termcontractstosupporttheconstructionofnewsol

arandwinddevelopmentsinthesameplaceswhereitoperates.It’sinvestedin63newrenewableenergyprojectslocatedonthes

ameelectricalgridsasitsdatacenters.Metahasrecentlyalsotriedtolimitmisinformationaboutclimatechangeonitsplatform.Lastyear,itlauncheda“Clima

teScienceInformationCenter”insomecountries.IntheUKthisyear,itstartedaddingalabeltosomepostsaboutclimatechangethatredirectpeopletoits

informationcenter.Itallcomesontheheelsofcriticismfromactivistsandpolicymakersoverhowmisinformationabout

climatechangefesteredonthesite,includingonefamouscaseofMetareversing(撤销)a“false”ratingthatitsfact-ch

eckersgavebasedoninaccurateinformation.5.WhatachievementdidMetagainrecently?A.Ittotallyusedsolarandwindene

rgyforitsoperations.B.Itcutdownitsclimatepollutionmorethanplanned.C.Itreacheditsgoalofzerogreenhousegas

emissions.D.Itinvestedanewrenewableenergyproject.6.Howdotheexpertsrespondtotherenewableenergycertificate?A.Theypaylittleattentiontoit.B.Theyhave

becomeboredwithit.C.Theythinkitisawasteofmoney.D.Theythinkitbringslittleactualbenefit.7.Whichcanbest

taketheplaceoftheunderlinedword“festered”inparagraph4?A.Recognized.B.Exchanged.C.Worsened.D.Decreased.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Metahitsevera

lkeyclimategoals.B.Takeactiontopreventclimatechange.C.Renewableenergyismankind’shope.D.Saynotogreenhousegasemissions.C(2022湖南湘

潭高三第三次模拟)Tobogganing,orsledding(雪橇),likelycomesbeforethecolonizationofNorthAmerica.RecordsshowthatCanada’sfirstpeoplesusedsmallsledstotransportt

heirbelongingsandfoodbetweencamps.RaymondFlowerwritesthatinTheHistoryofSkiingandOtherWinterSports.Butmodern-daysledra

cescantracetheiroriginsbacktotheSwissAlpsinthelate1800swhenBritishtouristsdecidedtoraceinwoodenluges(asledusedbyoneperson)thatlocalshaduse

dtotravelthroughsnow.TheoriginisdebatableinsnowynorthernNewYork,however,wheretherewasevidencethatAlbanyheldbobsled(asledusedbytwoormorep

eople)racesasearlyas1885.Wherevertheybegan,sledracesquicklybecamepopular.ThefamousCrestaRun,namedaftertheSwisstownnearthebaseofitscourse,wasbuiltin18

85usingsnowbanks.Thefirstorganizedcompetitionwasin1898,hostedbythefirstbobsledclubinnearbySt.Moritz(acityinSwitzerland).Itwasthenthatsleddingbegant

oseparatefromthelugetoincludetwonewsports:bobsledding,andskeletonsledding(俯式雪橇).CrestaRunisconsideredthebirthplaceoftheskeleton,aparticularlydar

ingformofsledding.Unliketheluge,wherecompetitorsridefeetfirstonasledwithmetalrunners,theskeletonsleddingisasteelsledwithaslimappearance.Riders

liedownonthesledheadfirst,thendropsuddenlydownanicetrack.Bobsledding,meanwhile,involvesteamsoftwotofourinwhichthepersoninfr

ontcontrolsdirectionsandtheplayerinbackbrakeswhenneeded.Itearneditsnameaftercompetitorsstartedswingingbackandforthtospeedupthesled.Bobsleddinginitia

llyovertookskeletonsleddinginpopularity,becomingoneofahandfulofsportsplayedatthefirstWinterGamesin1924.TheskeletonsleddingwaslimitedtotheC

restaRunfordecadesbecauseotherbobrunsaroundtheworldwerenotbuiltforthesteelskeletonsled.Butinthe1970s,adjustmentsweremadetoboththeskeletonandbobruns

inordertoincludetheeventatfuturewintergames.9.WhatcanweinferaboutRaymondFlower?A.Heisawriter.B.Heisgoodatsleddi

ng.C.Heinventedthesleddingrace.D.Hesetthefirstrecordofsledding.10.Howdoesskeletonsleddingdifferfromtheluge?A.Skeletonsleddingr

unsonmetalrunners.B.Skeletonsleddingdoesn’thavebackbrakes.C.RidersonSkeletonsleddingsledwiththeirfee

t.D.Skeletonsleddingneedsplayerstoliedownonitheadfirst.11.Whatlimitedthepopularityofskeletonsledding?A.Itsspecialsha

pe.B.Itsspeed.C.Itssteelrunners.D.Itsunsuitableadjustments.12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whyissleddingsopopula

r?B.HowdidsleddingdevelopinSwitzerland?C.Whataresleddingadventuresabout?D.HowdidpeoplekilltimeinNorthAmerica?考点分类练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意类【语篇导读】本文是一篇

说明文。文章主要通过一项研究介绍了全球变暖有可能会对冬奥产生的负面影响。1.A解析:词义猜测题。由第二段第一句可知,21个城市(除了日本北海道)将无法再次举办冬奥会;画线词后表示“甚至有14个城市会不可靠”,由此可知画线词应表示负面意义,且程度比unre

liable轻,即画线词应表示“不合格”之意,故选A项。2.B解析:推理判断题。由第四段中第一句可知,运动员和教练们已经看到了气候变化对他们的体育项目的影响,而第五段提到“夏季奥运会也感受到了气候变化的影响”,由此可知,此处提到“东京奥运会”是

为了强调气候变化的影响,故选B项。3.D解析:推理判断题。由文章最后一句“Duetothegreatimpact,thestudymakesusworrythatoutdoorgamesmayhavetomo

veindoorsorbeheldatadifferenttimeofyearaltogetherinordertoaccommodatehighertemperatures.”可知,作者对研究发现表示担忧,

担心冬奥会的户外项目会被迫改成室内或者只能在其他时间举办,故选D项。4.C解析:主旨大意题。文章第一段提到新的研究发现气候变化会威胁未来的冬奥会,最后一段表明作者担心冬奥会的户外项目会被迫改在室内或者只能在其他时间举办;文章虽然提到气候

变化,但重点讲述其对奥运会,尤其冬奥会的负面影响,故选C项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。Meta宣布它在2021年将温室气体排放量削减了94%,而近期Meta还宣布建立了新的“气候信息中心”,文章对相关信息做了说明。5.B解析:细节理解题。由第一段信息可知,Meta宣称

2021年该公司温室气体排放量减少了94%,而此前曾承诺减少75%,由此可知,Meta减少的气候污染比原来计划的要多,故选B项。6.D解析:推理判断题。由第三段中的“Thoseprojectscanbelocatedanywhere,andcertificateshavebeen

soldforsocheapthatexpertssaytheydon’treallyleadtomorerenewableenergyproduction.”可知,专家说可再生能源证书并没有真正带来更多可再生

能源的产生,即没有什么实际益处,故选D项。7.C解析:词义猜测题。由画线词前的“Itallcomesontheheelsofcriticismfromactivistsandpolicymakersoverhowmisinformationaboutcl

imatechange”可推知,画线词应表示“恶化”之意,故选C项。8.A解析:主旨大意题。文章主要围绕Meta实现了关键的气候目标展开,该公司不仅在2021年温室气体排放量减少了94%,而且还成立了“气候科学信息中心”,故选A项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雪橇运动在瑞士的发

展过程。9.A解析:推理判断题。由第一段中“RecordsshowthatCanada’sfirstpeoplesusedsmallsledstotransporttheirbelongingsandfood

betweencamps.RaymondFlowerwritesthatinTheHistoryofSkiingandOtherWinterSports.”可以推知,RaymondFlower是一位作家

,故选A项。10.D解析:细节理解题。由第三段中“Unliketheluge,wherecompetitorsridefeetfirstonasledwithmetalrunners,theskeletonsleddingisastee

lsledwithaslimappearance.Ridersliedownonthesledheadfirst,thendropsuddenlydownanicetrack.”可知,俯式雪橇与无舵雪橇的不同之

处是俯式雪橇需要运动员在滑行时头朝前躺在上面,故选D项。11.C解析:细节理解题。由最后一段中“TheskeletonsleddingwaslimitedtotheCrestaRunfordecadesbecauseothe

rbobrunsaroundtheworldwerenotbuiltforthesteelskeletonsled.”可知,俯式雪橇数十年来受限于克雷斯塔滑道是因为其他地方的雪橇滑道不适合钢架的俯式雪橇,因此限制俯式雪橇普及的是它的

钢骨架,故选C项。