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大兴区2022~2023学年度第一学期期末检测试卷高三英语第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Ona

Saturdayafternoon,youfindmostkidsoutsideplayinggames.Kidsaremadeforthe___1___,withtheirendlessenergyandtheea

sywayinwhichtheymakefriends.It’snot___2___forKameron,anordinary,fun-loving7-year-oldgirlwholovestodrawouttheworld’slongesthopscotch(跳格子)on

thesidewalk.Butinbetween___3___,Kamerontakestimetodosomethingspecialforher___4___neighborswhosechildrenh

avelongsincelefthome.Kameronfirststartedwavingtothem.Mostofthemsmiledback.ThenKamerondecidedthatsomeofthemneededalitt

le___5___.Sosheranhome,tookherviolinandmadetherounds.“CanIplayyouasong?”sheasked,afterknockingonthedoor.Gustavsm

iledwide.HiswifeVivian,whohashadmusculardystrophy(肌肉萎缩)forover20years,stood___6___,andhaddifficultymovingabout.Itlo

okedterriblyuncomfortable.They’ve___7___theirdailywalkswithafternoondrives,buteventhosearegettingtoo

difficultforVivian.GustavletKameronin,andVivian___8___botharmsofherchairandpulledtoit.OnthetablebesideherwasaphotoofherwithGustavwhentheywe

reyoungandenergetic.“Wantmetoplayyourfavoritesong?”Kameronasked.“Ofcourse,”Gustavanswered.ItwastheonlysongKameronknew.Thesmallviolin

___9___seriouslyunderKameron’schin(下巴).Sheplayedasbestasshecould.VivianbeatherlegtokeeprhythmforKameron.GustavheldVivian’sotherhand.Itwasnot

theperformancethatwasmoving,butthe____10____itbrought.1.A.lessonsB.outdoorsC.classroomsD.experiences2.A.easy

B.normalC.differentD.necessary3.A.gamesB.examsC.destinationsD.conversations4.A.youngB.proudC.elderlyD.lov

ely5.A.pressureB.emotionC.ambitionD.pleasure6.A.honestlyB.awkwardlyC.gratefullyD.determinedly7.A.replacedB.linkedC.repliedD.combine

d8.A.tookcareofB.tookchargeofC.tookoutofD.tookholdof9.A.rockedB.restedC.jumpedD.wandered10.A.stylesB.profitsC.memoriesD.adventu

res【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.C5.D6.B7.A8.D9.B10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一个七岁的小女孩为老年夫妇演奏小提琴的故事。这对夫妇生活很孤苦，妻子常年生病，小女孩的演奏给他们带来了极大

的欢乐。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们天生适合户外活动，他们有无穷的精力和轻松的交友方式。A.lessons课程；B.outdoors户外；C.classrooms教室；D.experienc

es经验。由前文“youfindmostkidsoutsideplayinggames”可知，这里应讲孩子天生适合“户外”玩。故选B项。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于Kameron来说，这并没有什么不同，她是一个普通的、爱玩乐的7岁女孩，喜欢在人行道上跳世界上最长的

跳房子。A.easy容易的；B.normal正常的；C.different不同的；D.necessary必需的。由后文“wholovestodrawouttheworld’slongesthopscotch(跳格子)onthesidewalk”可知，Kameron和其他孩子并没有什么“不同

”，同样喜欢户外。故选C项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在比赛间隙，Kameron花时间为她的年长邻居做一些特别的事情，他们的孩子早就离开了家。A.games游戏；B.exams考试；C.destinati

ons目的地；D.conversations对话。由前文“wholovestodrawouttheworld’slongesthopscotch(跳格子)onthesidewalk”以及后文可知，Kameron在玩跳房子“游戏”的间隙，她会做一

些别的事情。故选A项。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在比赛间隙，Kameron花时间为她的年长邻居做一些特别的事情，他们的孩子早就离开了家。A.young年轻的；B.proud骄傲的；C.elderly老年的；D.lovely美丽的。由后文“w

hosechildrenhavelongsincelefthome”和“aphotoofherwithGustavwhentheywereyoungandenergetic”可知，现在她的邻居已经“年老了”。故选C项。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后Kameron决定他们中的一些

人需要一点乐趣。A.pressure压力；B.emotion情绪；C.ambition野心；D.pleasure乐趣。由后文“VivianbeatherlegtokeeprhythmforKameron.GustavheldVivian’sotherhand.”

可知，Kameron的表演为他们带去了快乐，所以这里应表明她想给别人带去“乐趣”。故选D项。【6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的妻子Vivian患有肌肉萎缩症已经20多年了，她站的时候很笨拙，行动不便。A.honestly诚实地说；B.awkwardly尴尬

地，笨拙地；C.gratefully感激地；D.determinedly果断地。由前文“whohashadmusculardystrophy(肌肉萎缩)forover20years”可知，Vivian腿有病，站起来很“笨拙”。故

选B项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们已经用下午开车取代了每天的散步，但即使是这样，对Vivian来说也变得太难了。A.replaced替换；B.linked连接；C.replied回答；D.combi

ned联合。由后文“theirdailywalkswithafternoondrives”可知，散步对他们都困难了，所以他们用开车外出“代替”了散步。replace...with...表“用...代替...”,为固定搭配。故选A项。【8题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：Gustav让Kameron

进来，Vivian抓住椅子的两端，拖着身子坐在了椅子上。A.tookcareof照顾；B.tookchargeof负责；C.tookoutof从中取出；D.tookholdof掌握，握住。由前文“stood6”和后文“botharmsofherchair”可

知，Vivian刚开始是站着的，这里“握住”椅子的两端，然后拖着身子坐了上去。故选D项。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这把小提琴认真地搁在Kameron的下巴下。A.rocked摇；B.rested休息，搁置；C.jumped跳；D.wande

red徘徊。由后文“underKameron’schin”可知，Kameron把小提琴“放置”在自己下巴下。故选B项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人感动的不是表演，而是它带来的回忆。A.styles样式；B.profits利润

；C.memories记忆；D.adventures冒险。由前文“OnthetablebesideherwasaphotoofherwithGustavwhentheywereyoungandenergetic.”以及结合文意可

知，这里讲Kameron的演奏让他们“回忆”以前年轻没有生病的快乐日子了。故选C项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，

在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Twodecades____11____(pass)sincenewspaperslaunchedwebsites,andyethereweare.Bigpapershavegoneunder,thousandsofjournalistsh

avelost____12____(they)jobs,andtheideathatdigitalnewswilleventuallybecomeadecentbusiness____13____(feel)likearumor(谣言).Therealityisthis:nosocialnetw

orkhascomeclosetomatchingthesuccessofprintreadership.【答案】11.haspassed12.their13.feels【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了报纸行业的萧条衰落，即使推出了数字新闻，也无济于事。【11题详解】考查现在完成

时。句意：自从报纸行业推出网站，二十年过去了。然而我们仍然停滞不前。根据时间状语从句“sincenewspaperslaunchedwebsites”可知，主句用现在完成时have/hasdone,主句主语是“T

wodecades”表示一段时间，谓语动词用单数。故填haspassed。【12题详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：报纸巨头们一蹶不振，成千上万的记者丢掉工作。根据“jobs”可知，需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填the

ir。【13题详解】考查一般现在时。句意：数字新闻将最终成为体面行业的想法感觉就像是一个谣言。根据句意可知，主语是“theidea”，后面接了that引导的同位语从句来解释说明主语，空格处需填主句的谓语动词，句子描述的是现在的状态，用一般现在时，主语是“theidea”，谓语动词用第三人称单

数。故填feels。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WhileLobbyBoytakesitsnamefromacharacterinthefilm,thebanddoesn’twanttobeknown

asanythingreductive.Butoneofthefilm’sideasthateveryoneinyourlifehastheincrediblepowertotelltheirownstoryis____14____(amaze).“Inmypersona

llife,ItrytorememberthatevenifI’mstrugglingorhavingaconflict____15____someone,nomatterwhattheinterac

tionis,nomatterhowsmallorlargeitis,thisisastory____16____isunfoldinginfrontofme,”hesays.【答案】14.amazing15.with16.which##that【解析】【导语】这

是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了LobbyBoy这部电影中的一个想法。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：但这部电影的一个想法是，你生活中的每个人都有难以置信的能力讲述自己的故事，这是令人惊叹的。分析句式结构可知，本句的主语是ideas，指物，所以空格处应该用-i

ng结尾形容词amazing“令人惊叹的”，作表语。故填amazing。【15题详解】考查介词。句意：“在我的个人生活中，我试图记住，即使我在与某人斗争或发生冲突，无论互动是什么，无论大小，这都是一个正在我面前展开的故事，”他说。分析句意，再根据空格前的

conflict可知，此处用介词with构成固定搭配haveaconflictwithsb.“与某人有冲突”。故填with。【16题详解】考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是story，指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which或tha

t引导。故填which或that。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。After15yearsofworkingtoraiseclimateurgen

cy,I’veconcluded____17____thepublicandworldleadersunderestimatehowrapid,seriousclimateandecologicalbreakdownwillbeifhumanityfails____18____(o

rganize).Theremayonlybefiveyears____19____(leave)beforehumanityexpendstheremaining“carbonbudget”tostayunder1.5℃of

____20____(globe)heating.AndtheremayonlybefiveyearsbeforetheAmazonrainforestandalargeAntarcticicesheetpassirreversiblepoints.【答案】17.that

18.tobeorganized19.left20.global【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。作者已经致力于提高气候急迫性的工作15年了，他得出结论：公众和世界领导人还是低估了气候和生态崩溃的速度和

严重性，没有认识到必须把人类组织起来共同抵抗气候变暖问题。【17题详解】考查宾语从句的连词。句意：在15年致力于提高气候紧迫性之后，我得出的结论是，公众和世界领导人低估了如果人类不能组织起来，气候和生态崩溃将会多么迅速、严重。本句谓语动词

为conclude，后接宾语从句，应用连词that。故填that。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在15年致力于提高气候紧迫性之后，我得出的结论是，公众和世界领导人低估了如果人类不能组织起来，气候和生态崩溃将会多么迅速、严重。此处考查动词短语failtodosth，意为“做某事失败，

未能做某事”，设空处为动词不定式，organize与逻辑主语humanity之间为动宾关系，应用被动结构。故填tobeorganized.【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在人类花费剩余的“碳预算”

来将全球升温控制在1.5℃以下之前，可能只剩下5年了。此处考查非谓语动词，leave与逻辑主语fiveyears之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词left，意为“剩下”，作后置定语。故填left。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：在人类花

费剩余的“碳预算”来将全球升温控制在1.5℃以下之前，可能只剩下5年了。设空处应用形容词global，意为“全球的”，修饰heating，作前置定语。故填global。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每

题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIt’sexcitingwhenyourbookwormteenannounceshisorherplanstobeawriter.Ratherthanbombard

themwithfancypensandmotivationalreading,directthemtoacomfortzone:theInternet.Thesesitesaregreatresourcesandlandingspotsforfuturestorytellers.FigmentS

peciallytailoredfortheteenreader/writer,Figmentisacommunitydedicatedtoreadingandwritingstoriesonline.Addi

ctivelyfun,userscanratestoriesbywhethertheymadethemlaugh,blush,cry,orjustsay“wow.”Thesitefrequentlyrunscontestsandfeaturesworkf

romwell-knownauthorsandeditorswhosometimesdropinforFigmentchatswiththesite’scommunity.WattpadItisthelargestonlinereadingplatform,andallowsauthorsto

sharetheirworkwiththeworld.Well-knownwriterssuchasMargaretAtwoodandCoryDoctorowevenposttheirworkhere

.Teenscanfindandfollowtheirfavoriteauthorsandreleasetheirownworksasserialnovels.TeenInkSupportedbythenonprofitYoungAuthorsFoundation,TeenInkisthe

twenty-five-yearveteraninthefostering-teen-writersgame.Themagazine,bookseries,andwebsitearedevotedentirelytowriting,art,andphotosbyte

ens.It’salsoago-toforteensinterestedinwritingandpublishingnonfictionessaysandarticlesaswellaspoetry.OneTeenStoryDirectkidshe

retointroducethemtothenonprofit’smonthlymagazine.Eachissuefeaturesoneshortstoryabouttheteenexperience,usuallyfromaknownyoungadultauthor.Te

ensdrawntotheshortstoryformcanalsosubmittheirworkforconsiderationinanannualissuethatfeaturesastorywrit

tenbyateenforteens.NaNoWriMoNaNoWriMoisanawesomethirty-dayadventureforanywriter,butteensmightbeespeciallyi

nclinedtojoin.InNovember,would-benovelistsovertheworldattempttowritea50,000-word(ormore)bookinthirtydays.21.Thepass

ageisintendedfor_________.A.teachersB.teensC.parentsD.writers22.Whichsitesmayprovidethechancetointeractwithrecognizedwrite

rs?A.FigmentandWattpad.B.FigmentandTeenInk.CTeenInkandNaNoWriMo.D.WattpadandOneTeenStory.23.Whatcanb

elearnedfromthepassage?A.OneTeenStoryisanonprofit’sannualmagazine.B.Figmentregularlyfeaturesyoungadultwriters’works.C.NaN

oWriMooffersteensathirty-dayadventurearoundtheworld.D.TeenInkisthefirstchoiceofteenswhoarekeenonwritingpoems.【答案】21.C22.A23.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应

用文。介绍了四个能为那些未来青年作家们提供的拥有绝佳资源的网站。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据首段中的“It’sexcitingwhenyourbookwormteenannounceshisorherplanstobeawriter.(当你的书虫青少年宣布他或她成为一名作家的计划时，这是令

人兴奋的。)”可知，拥有一个想成为作家的孩子是一件令人激动的事情，由此可以判断，该文章是写给家长的。故选C项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Figment部分的“Thesitefrequentlyrunscontestsandfeaturesworkfromwell-known

authorsandeditorswhosometimesdropinforFigmentchatswiththesite’scommunity.(该网站经常举办比赛，并展示著名作者和编辑的作品，他们有时会与网站

社区进行人物聊天。)”和Wattpad部分的“Well-knownwriterssuchasMargaretAtwoodandCoryDoctorowevenposttheirworkhere.Teenscanfindandfollow

theirfavoriteauthorsandreleasetheirownworksasserialnovels.(玛格丽特·阿特伍德和科里·多克托罗等著名作家甚至在这里发表了他们的作品。青少年可以找到并追随他们最喜欢的作

家，并发布他们自己的作品作为系列小说。)”.可知，这两个网站提供了与知名作家互动的机会。故选A项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据OneTeenStory部分的“Directkidsheretointroducethemtothenonprofit'smonthl

ymagazine.(直接把孩子们介绍给非营利组织的月刊。)”可知，OneTeenStory是月刊，所以A错误；根据Figment部分中的“Speciallytailoredfortheteenreader/writer,Figmentisacommunitydedi

catedtoreadingandwritingstoriesonline.(Figment是专门为青少年读者/作家量身定制的，是一个致力于在线阅读和写作故事的社区。)”可知，该网站是青少年作家为特色，而不是年轻的成年作家，所以B项错误；C项原文没有提到提供全

球30天的adventure，所以C项错误；根据TeenInk部分中的“It’salsoago-toforteensinterestedinwritingandpublishingnonfictionessaysandarticlesaswellaspoetry.(它

也是对写作和出版非小说类文章、文章以及诗歌感兴趣的青少年的首选。)”可知，TeenInk是喜欢写诗歌的青少年的首选网站。故选D项。BManyparentsdreamoftheirchildrengrowingupandseeingtheworld.ButEdithLemayamoth

eroffourfromCanada,worriedherchildrenwererunningoutoftimetodothat.Whenherfirstchild,Mia,waslittle,shenoticedshewouldbumpinto

things.In2018,Miawasdiagnosedwithretinitispigmentosa(色素性视网膜炎).“Whatitdoesisthatthecellintheretinadiesovertimeandtheylose

theirfieldofvision.There’sachancetheywillgocompletelyblindbymidlife,”saidLemay.Thediseaseisgenetic,meaningLemay’sotherkidswereatrisk.Shesoonno

ticedtwoofhersons,CollinandLaurent,hadthesamesymptoms.Theyweresoondiagnosed,too.“Ofcourseitwasdevastating(令人极为震惊的).And

whenyouhaveakid,youalwayshaveanimageofwhattheirfutureisgoingtobelikeandallofasudden,yougetthatnewsandyouneedtoerasethatand

thinkitover.Anditreallyisagrievingprocess,”Lemaysaid.Lemaywantedtoprepareherkidsforwhatwastocomeandthoughtaboutfillingthe

irvisualmemory.InMarch,Lemay,herhusband,andherfourkidsleftCanadaandembarkedonanepicjourney,travelingtheglobefo

rawholeyear—showingtheirkidstheworld,beforeitistoolate.DuringtheirtripLemayishomeschoolingherkids.Thefamilyalsomadeabucketlistoffunactivitie

stheywanttoaccomplish,soeachkidcanseetheirdreamscometrue.Lemaysaidherkidsarenotonlymakingvisualmemories.They’realsolearningi

mportantlifelessons,likefocusingonthepositive.“Sometimesthey’retiredandthere’sfrustration.It’sdifficult.Butwiththetrav

el,Iwantthemtoberesilient.”,,“Iwantthemtoknowthatanysituationthat’shardistemporary,becausethroughtheirlife,they’llneedlotsofresilience

,”shesaid.“They’regoingtoadapttoasituationwiththeireyesightandtheninafewyearslater,they’llloseachunkofthei

reyesightsandtheywillhavetoreadaptandadaptagainandfallandgetbackagain,”Lemaycontinued.Manyparentswanttogivetheirkidstheworlda

ndthismomdid.24.Whatriskmaythechildrenfaceinthefuture?A.Theywillbumpintothings.B.Theywillbeunabletogrowup.C.Theymaygetgeneticdis

orders.D.Theymaytotallylosetheirsight.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?ALemaytriedtoerasethedevastatingnews.B.Thetravelwasnoteasybuthelpedthekids

staypositive.C.Theparentsfilledtheirkids’visualmemorythroughbooks.D.Thechildrendroppedoutofschoolandwereeducatedathome.26

.WhichcanbestdescribeLemay?A.Affectionateandtough.B.Considerateandcommitted.C.Patientandgenerous.D.Sympatheticandsensitive.【答案】24.D25.B26.B【解析】【

导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，本文讲述了加拿大EdithLemay的孩子们患了遗传性疾病，最终可能失去视力，父母带领他们环球旅行，想让他们留下美好的视觉记忆，并学会坚强和乐观，勇敢面对生活中的挑战。故事体现了父母对子女

的爱。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段““Whatitdoesisthatthecellintheretinadiesovertimeandtheylosetheirfieldofvision.There’sachancetheywillgocompl

etelyblindbymidlife,”saidLemay.(“它的症状是，视网膜中的细胞随着时间的推移而死亡，他们失去视力。他们有可能在中年时完全失明，”Lemay说。)”可知，孩子们患有遗传性疾病——色素性视网膜炎，未来有可能完全失去视力。故选D。【25题详解】推

理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“They’realsolearningimportantlifelessons,likefocusingonthepositive..‘Sometimesthey’retiredandthere’sfr

ustration.It’sdifficult.Butwiththetravel,Iwantthemtoberesilient.’(他们也学习重要的人生课程，比如关注积极的一面。“有时候他们很累，很沮丧。这是困难的

。但通过旅行，我希望他们成为有适应能力的。”)”可推断，旅行不容易但是有助于孩子保持积极。故选B.【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段“Lemaywantedtoprepareherkidsforwhatwastocomeandthoughtaboutfillingtheir

visualmemory.InMarch,Lemay,herhusband,andherfourkidsleftCanadaandembarkedonanepicjourney,travelingtheglobeforawholeyear—show

ingtheirkidstheworld,beforeitistoolate.(Lemay想让她的孩子们为即将到来的事情做好准备，她想要填满他们的视觉记忆。今年3月，Lemay和她的丈夫以及她的四个孩子离开加拿大，开始了一场史

诗般的旅程，用一年的时间环游世界，趁一切还来得及，让他们的孩子们看看世界。)”以及倒数第二段““Iwantthemtoknowthatanysituationthat’shardistemporary,becausethrough

theirlife,they’llneedlotsofresilience,”shesaid.“They’regoingtoadapttoasituationwiththeireyesightandtheninafewyearslater,

they’llloseachunkoftheireyesightsandtheywillhavetoreadaptandadaptagainandfallandgetbackagain,”Lemaycon

tinued.(她说:“我想让他们知道，任何艰难的处境都是暂时的，因为在他们的一生中，他们都需要很强的韧性。”Lemay继续说:“他们会用视力来适应一种情况，几年后，他们会失去大部分视力，他们必须重新适应和适应，跌倒，然后再回来。”)”和最后一段“Manyparents

wanttogivetheirkidstheworldandthismomdid.(很多父母都想给孩子整个世界，这位妈妈做到了。)”可推断，Lemay带着孩子进行世界旅行，让孩子们在失去视力前看看世界，留下美好的视觉记忆，想教会孩子们

面对失去视力带来的挑战，因此推断她对孩子关爱，体贴入微且充满奉献精神的。故选B。CWeallknowthateatinglaterinthedayisn’tgoodforourwaistlines,butwhy?Anewstudyweighedinonthatquestio

nbycomparingpeoplewhoatethesamefoods—butatdifferenttimesintheday.“Wefoundthateatingfourhourslatermakesasignificantdiff

erenceforourhungerlevels,thewayweburncaloriesafterweeat,andthewaywestorefat,”Vujovićsaid,aresearcheratBoston’sBrighamandWomen’sHospital.“To

gether,thesechangesmayexplainwhylateeatingisassociatedwithincreasedobesityriskreportedbyotherstudiesandprovidenewbi

ologicalinsightintotheunderlyingmechanisms.”Thestudyprovidessupportfortheconceptthatcircadian(生理节奏)rhythm,whichinfluencesk

eyphysiologicfunctionssuchasbodytemperatureandheartrate,affectshowourbodiesabsorbfuel,researcherssaid.Thestudydoesshoweati

nglaterresultsin“anincreaseinhunger,impactshormones(荷尔蒙)andalsochangesgeneexpression,especiallyintermsoffatmetabolismwithatendencytowardslessfat

breakdownandmorefatdeposition,”saidDr.BhanuPrakashKolla,aprofessorofpsychiatryandpsychologyattheMayoClinicColleg

eofMedicineandaconsultanttoMayo’sCenterforSleepMedicineandDivisionofAddictionMedicine.Thestudywassmall—only16overweightorobesepeop

le—butcarefullyplannedtoeliminateotherpotentialcausesofweightgain,theauthorssaid.“Whiletherehavebeenotherstudiesinvestigatingwhylate

eatingassociateswithanincreasedriskforobesity,thismaybethemostwellcontrolled,includingstrictlycontrollingtheamount,

compositionandtimingofmeals,physicalactivity,sleep,roomtemperatureandlightexposure,”saidseniorauthorFrankScheer,direc

toroftheMedicalChronobiologyProgramintheBrigham’sDivisionofSleepandCircadianDisorders.Allparticipantswerei

ngoodhealth,withnohistoryofdiabetesorshiftwork,whichcanaffectcircadianrhythm,andhadregularphysicalactivity.Eachpersoninthe

studykepttoastricthealthysleep/wakescheduleforaboutthreeweeksandwereprovidedwithpreparedmealsatfixedtimesforthreedaysbeforethelabexperimentbegan

.Resultsshowedthathungerpangsdoubledforthoseonanight-eatingregime.Peoplewhoatelaterinthedayalsoreportedadesireforstarchyand

saltyfoods,meatand,toalesserextent,adesirefordairyfoodsandvegetables.Bylookingattheresultsofbloodtests,researcherswereable

toseewhy:Levelsofleptin,ahormonewhichtellsuswhenwefeelfull,weredecreasedforlateeatersversusearlyeaters.Incomparison,levelsofthehor

moneghrelin,whichspikesourappetite,rose.27.Accordingtothepassage,thefollowingmaycontributetotheobesityexcept_________.A.thebreakdownoflessfatB.thech

angesingeneexpressionC.theincreaseinthelevelsofleptinD.thedisturbanceofthecircadianrhythm28.InParagraph4,thewriterintendsto_________.

A.highlighttheresultsofthestudyB.illustratetheprocessofthestudyC.presentthepurposeofthestudyD.demonstratethereliabil

ityofthestudy29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spike”inParagraph5mostprobablymean?A.Stimulate.B.Reduce.C.Maintain.D.Control.30.Wha

tcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Eatinglateaccountsforobesity.B.Obesitycanbewellcontrolledbyeatinglate.C.Whenyoueatisirrelevanttohowf

atyouare.D.Eatinglatemayimpacttheexpressionfunction.【答案】27.C28.D29.A30.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，吃饭晚会对我们的饥饿程度、进食后燃烧卡路里的方式以及储存脂肪的方式都有显著影响。文章讲述

了晚进食会导致“饥饿感增加，影响荷尔蒙，还会改变基因表达，特别是在脂肪代谢方面，有减少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉积的趋势。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thestudyprovidessupportfortheconcep

tthatcircadian(生理节奏)rhythm,whichinfluenceskeyphysiologicfunctionssuchasbodytemperatureandheartrate,affectshowourbodiesabsorbfuel,researcherssai

d.”（研究人员说，这项研究支持了昼夜节律影响关键生理功能，如体温和心率，影响我们的身体如何吸收燃料的观点。）第三段中“Thestudydoesshoweatinglaterresultsin“anincreaseinhunger,impactshormones(荷

尔蒙)andalsochangesgeneexpression,especiallyintermsoffatmetabolismwithatendencytowardslessfatbreakdownandmorefatdeposition,””（这项研究确实表明，晚进食会导致“饥饿感增加

，影响荷尔蒙，还会改变基因表达，特别是在脂肪代谢方面，有减少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉积的趋势。”）可知，吃饭晚会影响基因表达，减少脂肪分解同时影响昼夜节律，选项C与文意不符，故选C。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据

第四段中“Thestudywassmall—only16overweightorobesepeople—butcarefullyplannedtoeliminateotherpotentialcausesofweightgain,theauthorssaid.“Whil

etherehavebeenotherstudiesinvestigatingwhylateeatingassociateswithanincreasedriskforobesity,thismaybethemostwellco

ntrolled,includingstrictlycontrollingtheamount,compositionandtimingofmeals,physicalactivity,sleep,roomtemperatureandlightexposure,””（研究人员说，这项

研究规模很小，只有16名超重或肥胖的人，但经过精心计划，消除了体重增加的其他潜在原因。“虽然已经有其他研究调查为什么晚进食会增加肥胖的风险，但这可能是控制得最好的，包括严格控制进食的数量、成分和时间、身体活动、睡眠、室温和光照。”）可知，这项研究尽管参与人员少，但是经

过精心设计，消除了体重增加的其他潜在原因。所以本段的目的在于描述这个研究的可靠性。故选D。【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词前“Bylookingattheresultsofbloodtests,res

earcherswereabletoseewhy:Levelsofleptin,ahormonewhichtellsuswhenwefeelfull,weredecreasedforlateeatersversuse

arlyeaters.”（通过观察血液测试的结果，研究人员能够发现其中的原因：瘦素，是一种能够告诉我们什么时候感到饱的荷尔蒙。和早进食者体内的瘦素相比，晚进食者瘦素水平有所下降。）“Incomparison,levelsofthehormoneghrelin”（相比之下

，生长激素释放肽的水平）及后文中“ourappetite,rose”（我们的胃口，增加了）可推知，此处指“生长激素释放肽的水平会增加，促进我们的食欲”，所以划线词此处指“刺激，促进”，故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Thestudyd

oesshoweatinglaterresultsin“anincreaseinhunger,impactshormones(荷尔蒙)andalsochangesgeneexpression,especiallyintermsoffatmetabolismwithatendencytowardsl

essfatbreakdownandmorefatdeposition,””（这项研究确实表明，晚进食会导致“饥饿感增加，影响荷尔蒙，还会改变基因表达，特别是在脂肪代谢方面，有减少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉积的趋势。”）可知，晚进食会改变基因表达，特别

是在脂肪代谢方面，有减少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉积的趋势，可推知，晚进食会导致肥胖。故选A。DAutomation(自动化)wasahottopic.Nearlyeveryoneagreedthatpeoplewouldbeworkinglessoncec

omputersandotherkindsofautomaticmachinerybecamewidespread.Foroptimists,thiswasapromiseofliberation:Atlasthumanitywouldbefreedfromconstanttoil,

andwecouldalldevoteourdaystomorerefinedpursuits.Butotherssawathreat:Millionsofpeoplewouldbethrownoutofwork,anddesperatemasseswouldroa

mthestreets.Lookingbackfrom50yearshence,thecontroversyoverautomationseemsaquaintandcuriousepisode.Thedisputewas

neverresolved.A.J.Hayes,aleader(andnorelationtome),wrotein1964:Automationisnotjustanewkindofmechanizationbutarevolutionaryforcecapableofovertu

rningoursocialorder.Whereasmechanizationmadeworkersmoreefficient—andthusmorevaluable—automationthreatenstomakethemsuperfluous(过剩的)—andt

huswithoutvalue.TheopinionsIhavecitedhererepresentextremepositions,andtherewerealsomanymilderviews.ButIthinkit’sfairtosayth

atmostearlystudentsofautomation,includingbothcriticsandenthusiasts,believedthenewtechnologywouldleadusintoaworldwherepeopleworkedmuchl

ess.Asforeconomicconsequences,worriesaboutunemploymenthavecertainlynotgoneaway—notwithjoblossesinthecurrentrecessionapproaching2millionworke

rsinourcountryalone.Butrecentjoblossesarecommonlyattributedtocausesotherthanautomation,suchascompetitionfromoverseasorarolle

r-coasterfinancialsystem.Inanycase,thevisionofaworldwheremachinesdoalltheworkandpeoplestandidlybyhassimplynotcomet

opass.Thespreadofautomationoutsideofthefactoryhasaltereditssocialandeconomicimpactinsomecuriousways.Inmanycases,theneteffectofaut

omationisnotthatmachinesaredoingworkthatpeopleusedtodo.Insteadwe’vedispensedwiththepeoplewhousedtobepaidtorunthemachines,andwe’velearnedtorunthe

mourselves.Thesetrendscontradictalmostalltheexpectationsofearlywritersonautomation,bothoptimistsandpessimists.Sofar,aut

omationhasneitherliberatedusfromtheneedtoworknordeprived(剥夺)usoftheopportunitytowork.Instead,we’reworkingmorethanever.Whatabouttradesclosertomyo

wnvitalinterests?Willsciencebeautomated?Technologyalreadyhasacentralroleinmanyareasofresearch;forexample,genom

esequencescouldnotbereadbytraditionallab-benchmethods.Replacingthescientistwillpresumablybealittleharderthanreplacingthelabtechnician,butwhenamac

hineexhibitsenoughcuriosityandtenacity,Ithinkwe’lljusthavetowelcomeitasacompanioninzealousresearch.Andifthescientistiselbo

wedasidebyanautomaton,thensurelythesciencewritercan’tholdouteither.I’mreadyformy15-hourworkweek.31.InParagraph1,thewritermainlywantstoconveythat___

_____.A.automationresultsinunemploymentB.automationdoesmoreharmthangoodC.theissueofautomationwasstillindiscussionD.a

utomationbringsinmuchconvenienceinlife32.AccordingtoJ.Hayes,wecaninfer_________A.automationismorevaluablethanwhatweimagineB.automationisarevoluti

onaryforcetobetterdevelopmentC.thedisadvantagesofautomationfaroutweightheadvantagesD.thenewtechnologywouldleadpeopleintoworkingmuchless

33.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardautomationonjobs?A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.C.Disapproving.D.Neutral.34.Whatcanweconcludefromthis

passage?A.Peopleneedn’tworksohardduetoautomation.B.Traditionallaborforcewillbereplacedinthenearfuture.C.Automationshouldbeac

ceptedreasonablyindevelopment.D.Automationresultsinmorejoblossesinthewriter’scountry.【答案】31.C32.B33.D34.C【解析

】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们对于生活中自动化的评价及看法。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nearlyeveryoneagreedthatpeoplewouldbeworkinglessoncecomputersandotherkindsofautom

aticmachinerybecamewidespread.Foroptimists,thiswasapromiseofliberation:Atlasthumanitywouldbefreedfromconstantto

il,andwecouldalldevoteourdaystomorerefinedpursuits.Butotherssawathreat:Millionsofpeoplewouldbethrownoutofwork,anddesperatemasseswouldroamt

hestreets.Lookingbackfrom50yearshence,thecontroversyoverautomationseemsaquaintandcuriousepisode.Thedisputewasneverres

olved.(几乎每个人都同意，一旦计算机和其他种类的自动化机器普及，人们的工作量就会减少。对于乐观主义者来说，这是一种解放的承诺：最终，人类将从不断的劳动中解放出来，我们都可以把我们的时间投入到更精致的追求中去。但其他人看到了一个威胁：数百万人将失去工作，绝望的群众将漫步街头

。从50年前开始回顾，围绕自动化的争论似乎是一个古怪而奇怪的插曲。争端从未得到解决)”可知，自从自动化产生，人们对于其孰优孰劣的争论一直持续不断。由此可知，本段主要想表达的内容是自动化的问题仍在讨论中。故选C。【32题

详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Automationisnotjustanewkindofmechanizationbutarevolutionaryforcecapableofoverturningou

rsocialorder.Whereasmechanizationmadeworkersmoreefficient—andthusmorevaluable—automationthreatenstomakethemsuperfluous(过剩的)—andt

huswithoutvalue.(自动化不仅是一种新型的机械化，而且是一种能够颠覆社会秩序的革命力量。机械化使工人更有效率，因而更有价值，而自动化则使他们变得多余，因而没有价值)”可推知，根据J.Hayes的说法，自动化是

更好发展的革命性力量。故选B。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Sofar,automationhasneitherliberatedusfromtheneedtoworknordeprived(剥夺)usoftheopportunitytowork.In

stead,we’reworkingmorethanever.(到目前为止，自动化既没有把我们从工作的需要中解放出来，也没有剥夺我们工作的机会。相反，我们比以往任何时候都更加努力)”可推知，作者对自动化对工作的影响持中立的态度。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Replac

ingthescientistwillpresumablybealittleharderthanreplacingthelabtechnician,butwhenamachineexhibitsenoughcuriosityandtenacity,Ithinkwe’lljusthavetow

elcomeitasacompanioninzealousresearch.(取代科学家可能会比取代实验室技术员更难一些，但当一台机器表现出足够的好奇心和韧劲时，我认为我们只能欢迎它作为热情研究的伙伴)”可推知，在发展中应合理接受自动化。故选C。第二节

(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)Noteverydayisgoingtobegreat.Noteverydayisgoingtobeyourweddingday,graduation,orbirthday.Wehaveourroutines;wegotoschoolandmeetalotoft

hesamepeople.Usuallylongperiodsoftimeinourlivesaredevotedtodoingaspecificsetofthings.Thestressoflifecandisconnectusfromoursurroundingsandmakeiteasier

tolosetouchwithourneedandemotions.____35____Essentially,casualmagicispracticingthehabitofseeingthebeautyinsmallmomentsofmundane(单调的)l

ife.____36____Inastudythatinvestigatedwhatthisdoestoyourmood,282participantswereobservedonthepositiveeffectofso

methingtheydid.Researchersfoundthatbeingpresentandfocusingonpositivemomentsgaveahigherpositiveeffectandresultedinahigherlifesatisfaction.____3

7____Haveyoueverwalkedthroughapatchofforestorseenthesunshineoverrooftopsandnoticedhowvibrantthecolorswere?Orhaveyoue

verfeltabreezeonthesideofyourface?Youjustneedtolearnhowtotreasureandenjoythesemoments.Nowthisisnottosaythatlifeshouldn’t

benegativeandthatweshouldjustignoreallthebadthingsthathappeninlife.____38____Suchemotionmaybeasignthatitistimetopropelchangeandgrowth.Negative

thingsshouldbeconsideredtobeopportunitiesforlearningandshouldnotbedwelledupon.Hence,Iurgeyoutotryit.____39____Appreci

atesomethingsmall:thesunlightrestingonawindowcurtain,howgreentheleavesare,thehappinessoflaughingwithafriend,thetasteofanice-crea

m.Noteverydayisgoingtobethebestdayofyourlife;butitcanstillbespecial.A.However,casualmagicistheroadtohappiness.B.Topreventthis,applytheconcept

ofcasualmagic.C.Anadequateexampletopracticecasualmagicisnature.D.Casualmagicinsteadallowsustolistentoandexamineanynegati

vefeeling.E.Putasideyourscreen,bepresentandgiveyourselfachancetofindthatspecialmoment.F.Weshouldlearnfromnegativethingsandmoveontoapprecia

tingmomentsofcasualmagic.G.Itiscenteredaroundcuriosityandfocusestheenergyonobservingandreflectingonthelittlethings.【答案】35

.B36.E37.C38.D39.F【解析】【导语】本文为一篇议论文。生活尽管单调，也经常会给我们压力，作者建议大家试试休闲魔术，多多发现生活中美好的事物，即使面对消极的事情，也能倾听和检查任何负面情绪，并从消极的事情中有所得，从而获得更高的生活满意度。【35题详解】上

一句“Thestressoflifecandisconnectusfromoursurroundingsandmakeiteasiertolosetouchwithourneedandemotions.(生活的压力会使我们与周围环境脱节，更容易与我们

的需求和情绪失去联系。)”，B项“Topreventthis,applytheconceptofcasualmagic.(为了防止这种情况，请应用休闲魔法的概念。)”，B项中的this，指代上文提及的现象，B项与上文为顺接关系，并引出本文话题casualmagic，上下文衔接连贯

顺畅。故选B项。36题详解】上文“Essentially,casualmagicispracticingthehabitofseeingthebeautyinsmallmomentsofmundane(单调的)life.(从本质上讲，休闲魔术是练习在单

调生活中的小时刻看到美的习惯。)”可知，生活尽管很单调，但休闲魔术鼓励人们发现某些小时刻中存在的美好。下文“Inastudythatinvestigatedwhatthisdoestoyourmood,282

participantswereobservedonthepositiveeffectofsomethingtheydid.Researchersfoundthatbeingpresentandfocusingonp

ositivemomentsgaveahigherpositiveeffectandresultedinahigherlifesatisfaction.(在一项调查这对你的情绪有什么影响的研究中，282名参与者被观察到他们所做的事情的积极影响。研究人员发现，在场并专注于积极的时刻会产生更高的积极

影响，并导致更高的生活满意度。)”可知，在场、关注积极的时刻对人产生积极影响；E项“Putasideyourscreen,bepresentandgiveyourselfachancetofindthatspecialmoment.(

把你的屏幕放在一边，在场，给自己一个机会去找到那个特殊的时刻。)”中的findthatspecialmoment与上文中的seeingthebeautyinsmallmomentsofmundane相呼应，下文

中的Inastudythatinvestigatedwhatthisdoestoyourmood中的this指代E项内容，同时bepresent也是复现词。上下文语意衔接连贯顺畅。故选E项。【37题详解

】下文“Haveyoueverwalkedthroughapatchofforestorseenthesunshineoverrooftopsandnoticedhowvibrantthecolors

were?Orhaveyoueverfeltabreezeonthesideofyourface?Youjustneedtolearnhowtotreasureandenjoythesemoments.(

你有没有走过一片森林，或者看到屋顶上的阳光，注意到颜色是多么鲜艳？或者你有没有感觉到微风吹过你的脸？你只需要学习如何珍惜和享受这些时刻。)”可知，此处描述了大自然中的美好；C项“Anadequateexampletopr

acticecasualmagicisnature.(练习休闲魔术的一个充分例子是自然)”，与下文语意一致，故选C项。【38题详解】上文“Nowthisisnottosaythatlifeshouldn’tbenegativeandthatw

eshouldjustignoreallthebadthingsthathappeninlife.(这并不是说生活不应该是消极的，我们应该忽略生活中发生的所有坏事。)”，D项“Casualmagicinsteadallowsustolistentoandex

amineanynegativefeeling.(相反，休闲魔术允许我们倾听和检查任何负面情绪。)”，上文与D项为转折关系；下文“Suchemotionmaybeasignthatitistimetopropel

changeandgrowth.Negativethingsshouldbeconsideredtobeopportunitiesforlearningandshouldnotbedwelledupon.(这

种情绪可能是一个信号，表明是时候推动变化和成长了。消极的事情应该被认为是学习的机会，不应该被纠缠。)”，下文承接D项，解释了休闲魔术对负面情绪的态度。上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选D项。【39题详解】上一段的最后一句“Negativethingsshouldbeconsideredtobeo

pportunitiesforlearningandshouldnotbedwelledupon.(消极的事情应该被认为是学习的机会，不应该被纠缠。)”，上文“Hence,Iurgeyoutotryit.【(因此，我敦促您尝试一下休闲魔术

。)”可知，休闲魔术中，我们不必纠结那些消极的事情；下文“Appreciatesomethingsmall:thesunlightrestingonawindowcurtain,howgreentheleavesare,thehappinessoflaug

hingwithafriend,thetasteofanice-cream.(欣赏一些小事：阳光照在窗帘上，树叶有多绿，和朋友一起笑的快乐，冰淇淋的味道。)”，休闲魔术中，我们可以多多关注美好的小事，F项“Weshouldlearnfromnegativethingsa

ndmoveontoappreciatingmomentsofcasualmagic.(我们应该从消极的事情中学习，继续欣赏休闲魔术的时刻)”，F项有承上启下的作用，negativethings和app

reciating为复现词，上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选F项。第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读表达WhitesandbeachesoftheCocosIslands,

whichareknownasagorgeoustouristdestinationsurroundedbygreenishbluewater,havenowbeenfilledwithplasticwastes.JenniferLave

rs,amarinescientist,wenttothesetropicalislandswithherresearchteam.Knowingthatlotsofbeacheswerepollutedbyplasticwastes,theteamcondu

ctedacarefulscientificexaminationonthecoast,onlytofindtheproblemcausedbypiecesoftrashhumansleftwasworsethanexpec

ted.Notallplasticsaretoblame.Theyarenecessaryinplaceslikehospitalsandairplanes,andmakeourvehicleslighterand

moreefficient.However,otherplastics,especiallydisposable(一次性的)plastics,accountforthegrowingmessonthebeaches.Islandsallo

vertheworldarejammedwithplastics.AndtheCocosIslandsarenoexception.Apparently,demandfordisposableplasticsmustbereducedgreatly.“Whydon’tweca

rryaroundbagsthatwecanuseoverandoveragain?”askedRichardGross,achemistwhoresearchesinnovativewaystomakemoresustainable

plastics.“Let’scarryaroundreusablelunchboxes.Weshouldunderstandhowseriousthesituationis.”Althoughiti

simportantforindividualstomakeanefforttoavoidusingdisposableplastics,itisalsogenerallybelievedthatonlywithinternationalrulescansuchadeep-rooted

,common,andworldwidescourge(灾害)betackled.However,theU.N.,whichengagesindealingwithacceleratingclimatechangeandpublichealthcrises,obviouslyisn’tpayi

ngenoughattentiontocallingforinternationalactiononplasticpollution.Asaresult,billionsofplasticproductswillstillbeproducedeveryyear,manyofwhichwill

endupintheocean.Itrequiresthegreatesteffortofalltimetocontrolplasticpollutioninmodernsociety.Nomatterhowtallthehurdles(栏架)are,somethi

nghastobedone.40.WhatdidJenniferLaversandherresearchteamfind?__________________________________________________________

_______41.Whatkindsofplasticsleadtotheincreasingwastesonthebeaches?____________________________________________

_____________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Individualeffortsand

internationalrulesarebothrequiredtotackletheplasticpollution,andtheU.N.paysmuchattentiontocallingforinternationalactio

n._________________________________________________________________43.Asastudent,whatwillyoudotoreducewhitepo

llution?_________________________________________________________________【答案】40.Theyfoundtheproblemcausedby

piecesoftrashhumansleftwasworsethanexpected.41.Disposableplastics.42.Individualeffortsandinternationalrulesarebothreq

uiredtotackletheplasticpollution,andtheU.N.paysmuchattentiontocallingforinternationalaction.BecausetheU.N.don’tpayenoughattentiontocalling

forinternationalactiononplasticpollution.43.Asastudents,Iwilltryourbesttoreducetheuseofdisposableplasticbags,make

publicityandappealtopeopletoreducetheuseofplastictoprotecttheenvironment.【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过介绍科科斯群岛的塑料污染问题，表达了对环境问题的担忧，呼吁各方

采取国际合作，制定国际规则来解决这一普遍的、全球性的灾难。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第二句“Knowingthatlotsofbeacheswerepollutedbyplasticwas

tes,theteamconductedacarefulscientificexaminationonthecoast,onlytofindtheproblemcausedbypiecesoftrashhumansleft

wasworsethanexpected.（了解到很多海滩被塑料废物污染，研究小组在海岸上进行了仔细的检查，只发现了人类留下的垃圾产生的问题比预期更为严重。）”可知，Jennifer和她的研究小组发现在科科斯群岛上人

类留下的垃圾造成的问题比预期更为严重。故答案为Theyfoundtheproblemcausedbypiecesoftrashhumansleftwasworsethanexpected.【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段的“However,otherplastics,esp

eciallydisposable(一次性的)plastics,accountforthegrowingmessonthebeaches.Islandsallovertheworldarejammedwithplastics.AndtheCocosIslandsarenoexce

ption.(然而，其他塑料，尤其是一次性塑料，造成了海滩上越来越多的混乱。世界各地的岛屿都塞满了塑料。科科斯群岛也不例外。)”可知，一次性塑料导致了沙滩上的垃圾越来越多。故答案为Disposableplastics.【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据第

六段第一句However,theU.N.,whichengagesindealingwithacceleratingclimatechangeandpublichealthcrises,obviouslyisn'tpayingenoughattenti

ontocallingforinternationalactiononplasticpollution.（然而，致力于应对日益加剧的气候变化和公共卫生危机的联合国，显然没有足够重视呼吁对塑料污染采取国际行动。）可知，联合国对塑料污染的态度是没有给予足够的关心

。故划线句Individualeffortsandinternationalrulesarebothrequiredtotackletheplasticpollution,andtheU.N.paysmuchattentiontocallingforinter

nationalaction.的错误是theU.N.paysmuchattentiontocallingforinternationalaction.，因为联合国没有给予足够关注呼吁国际行动。故答案为Indivi

dualeffortsandinternationalrulesarebothrequiredtotackletheplasticpollution,andtheU.N.paysmuchattentiontocallingforintern

ationalaction.，BecausetheU.N.don’tpayenoughattentiontocallingforinternationalactiononplasticpollution.【43题详解】主观题。本文是开放式试题，答案不唯一。根据文章最后一段内

容“Itrequiresthegreatesteffortofalltimetocontrolplasticpollutioninmodernsociety.Nomatterhowtallthehurdles(栏架)are,somethinghastobedone.(在现代社会，控制

塑料污染需要尽最大的努力。无论障碍有多大，都必须有所作为。)”，作为学生应该尽自己的努力减少塑料污染，保护地球，参考答案：Asastudents,Iwilltryourbesttoreducetheuseofdisposableplasticbags,makepublicityandappe

altopeopletoreducetheuseofplastictoprotecttheenvironment.第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim来邮件询问你的居家学习和生活情况。请你给他回一

封邮件，内容包括：1.充实的学习活动2.丰富的课余生活注意：1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,It'smypleasuretotellyousomethingaboutmylearningactiviti

esinthequarantineperiod.BecauseoftheCOVID-2019,ourschoolarrangedforustostudyonline.Onlinelearningisnotboringbutinteresting,whichisabout

whatwewilllearnatschool.What'smore,Ialsomadealearningplanthatissuitableformyself.It'sbeneficialformet

omakefulluseoftime.Asformyafter-classactivities,Ioftendosomejoggingeverydayinmycommunitytokeepfit.Helpingmyparentswithhousechoresisalso

mydailyroutine,whichincludesmoppingthefloor,washingdishesandsoon.You'rewelcometosende-mailsifyouhave

anyquestions.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim写一封邮件，介绍居家学习和生活将框。【详解】1.词汇积累无聊的：boring→dull此外：what’s

more→besides关于：asfor→withregardto保持健康：keepfit→keephealthy2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Asformyafter-classactivities,Ioftendosomejogging

everydayinmycommunitytokeepfit.拓展句：Asformyafter-classactivities,IoftendosomejoggingeverydayinmycommunityinorderthatIcankee

pfit.【点睛】【高分句型1】Onlinelearningisnotboringbutinteresting,whichisaboutwhatwewilllearnatschool.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从

句和what引导的宾语从句）【高分句型2】Helpingmyparentswithhousechoresisalsomydailyroutine,whichincludesmoppingthefloo

r,washingdishesandsoon.（运用了动名词短语作主语和which引导的非限制性定语从句）获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com