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大兴区2022~2023学年度第一学期期末检测试卷高三英语第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OnaSaturdayafternoon,

youfindmostkidsoutsideplayinggames.Kidsaremadeforthe___1___,withtheirendlessenergyandtheeasywayinwhichtheymake

friends.It’snot___2___forKameron,anordinary,fun-loving7-year-oldgirlwholovestodrawouttheworld’slongesthopscotch(跳格子)onthesidewalk.Butinb

etween___3___,Kamerontakestimetodosomethingspecialforher___4___neighborswhosechildrenhavelongsincelefthome.Kameronfirststartedwavingt

othem.Mostofthemsmiledback.ThenKamerondecidedthatsomeofthemneededalittle___5___.Sosheranhome,tookherviolin

andmadetherounds.“CanIplayyouasong?”sheasked,afterknockingonthedoor.Gustavsmiledwide.HiswifeVivian,whohashadmusculardystrophy(肌肉萎缩)for

over20years,stood___6___,andhaddifficultymovingabout.Itlookedterriblyuncomfortable.They’ve___7___theirdai

lywalkswithafternoondrives,buteventhosearegettingtoodifficultforVivian.GustavletKameronin,andVivian___8___botharmsofherchai

randpulledtoit.OnthetablebesideherwasaphotoofherwithGustavwhentheywereyoungandenergetic.“Wantmetoplayyourfavorite

song?”Kameronasked.“Ofcourse,”Gustavanswered.ItwastheonlysongKameronknew.Thesmallviolin___9___seriouslyunderKameron’schin(下巴)

.Sheplayedasbestasshecould.VivianbeatherlegtokeeprhythmforKameron.GustavheldVivian’sotherhand.Itwasno

ttheperformancethatwasmoving,butthe____10____itbrought.1.A.lessonsB.outdoorsC.classroomsD.experience

s2.A.easyB.normalC.differentD.necessary3.A.gamesB.examsC.destinationsD.conversations4.A.youngB.proudC.elderlyD.lovely5.A.pressureB.emotionC.am

bitionD.pleasure6.A.honestlyB.awkwardlyC.gratefullyD.determinedly7.A.replacedB.linkedC.repliedD.combined8.A.tookcareofB.tookchargeofC.tookout

ofD.tookholdof9.A.rockedB.restedC.jumpedD.wandered10.A.stylesB.profitsC.memoriesD.adventures第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处

仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Twodecades____11____(pass)sincenewspaperslaunchedwebsites,andyethereweare.Bigpapershavegon

eunder,thousandsofjournalistshavelost____12____(they)jobs,andtheideathatdigitalnewswilleventuallybecomeadecentbusiness____13____(feel)l

ikearumor(谣言).Therealityisthis:nosocialnetworkhascomeclosetomatchingthesuccessofprintreadership.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的

单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WhileLobbyBoytakesitsnamefromacharacterinthefilm,thebanddoesn’twanttobeknownasanything

reductive.Butoneofthefilm’sideasthateveryoneinyourlifehastheincrediblepowertotelltheirownstoryis____14____(amaze).“Inmypersonallife,Itrytorememberth

atevenifI’mstrugglingorhavingaconflict____15____someone,nomatterwhattheinteractionis,nomatterhowsmallorlargeitis,thisisastory____16____isun

foldinginfrontofme,”hesays.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。After15yearsofworkingtoraiseclimateurgencyI’veconcluded

____17____thepublicandworldleadersunderestimatehowrapid,seriousclimateandecologicalbreakdownwillbeifhumanityfails____18____(

organize).Theremayonlybefiveyears____19____(leave)beforehumanityexpendstheremaining“carbonbudget”tostayunder1.5℃of____20____(globe)heating.Andth

eremayonlybefiveyearsbeforetheAmazonrainforestandalargeAntarcticicesheetpassirreversiblepoints.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题

2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该,项涂黑。AIt’sexcitingwhenyourbookwormteenannounceshisorh

erplanstobeawriter.Ratherthanbombardthemwithfancypensandmotivationalreadingdirectthemtoacomfortzone:theInternet.Thesesitesaregreatresour

cesandlandingspotsforfuturestorytellers.FigmentSpeciallytailoredfortheteenreader/writer,Figmentisacommunitydedicatedtoreadingandwritingstoriesonlin

e.Addictivelyfun,userscanratestoriesbywhethertheymadethemlaugh,blush,cry,orjustsay“wow.”Thesitefrequentlyrunscontestsandfeaturesworkf

romwell-knownauthorsandeditorswhosometimesdropinforFigmentchatswiththesite’scommunity.WattpadItisthe

largestonlinereadingplatform,andallowsauthorstosharetheirworkwiththeworld.Well-knownwriterssuchasMargaretAtwoodandCoryD

octorowevenposttheirworkhere.Teenscanfindandfollowtheirfavoriteauthorsandreleasetheirownworksasserialnovels.Te

enInkSupportedbythenonprofitYoungAuthorsFoundation,TeenInkisthetwenty-five-yearveteraninthefostering-

teen-writersgame.Themagazine,bookseries,andwebsitearedevotedentirelytowriting,art,andphotosbyteens.It’salsoago-toforteensinterestedinwritingandpub

lishingnonfictionessaysandarticlesaswellaspoetry.OneTeenStoryDirectkidsheretointroducethemtothenonprofit’smonthlymagazine.Eachissuefeaturesonesho

rtstoryabouttheteenexperience,usuallyfromaknownyoungadultauthor.Teensdrawntotheshortstoryformcanalsosubmittheirworkforconsider

ationinanannualissuethatfeaturesastorywrittenbyateenforteens.NaNoWriMoNaNoWriMoisanawesomethirty-dayadventureforanywriter,butt

eensmightbeespeciallyinclinedtojoin.InNovember,would-benovelistsovertheworldattempttowritea50,000-word(or

more)bookinthirtydays.21.Thepassageisintendedfor_________.A.teachersB.teensC.parentsD.writers22.Whichsitesmayprovidethe

chancetointeractwithrecognizedwriters?A.FigmentandWattpad.B.FigmentandTeenInk.,C.TeenInkandNaNoWriMo.D

.WattpadandOneTeenStory.23.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.OneTeenStoryisanonprofit’sannualmagazine.B.Figmentregularlyfeaturesyoungadultwriters’

works.C.NaNoWriMooffersteensathirty-dayadventurearoundtheworld.D.TeenInkisthefirstchoiceofteenswhoarekeenonwritingpoems.B

Manyparentsdreamoftheirchildrengrowingupandseeingtheworld.ButEdithLemay,amotheroffourfromCanada,worriedherchildrenwerer

unningoutoftimetodothat.Whenherfirstchild,Mia,waslittle,shenoticedshewouldbumpintothings.In2018,Miawasdiagnosedwithretinitispigmentosa(色素性视网

膜炎).“Whatitdoesisthatthecellintheretinadiesovertimeandtheylosetheirfieldofvision.There’sachancetheywillgocompletelyblindbymidlife,”saidLe

may.Thediseaseisgenetic,meaningLemay’sotherkidswereatrisk.Shesoonnoticedtwoofhersons,CollinandLaurent,hadthesames

ymptoms.Theyweresoondiagnosed,too.“Ofcourseitwasdevastating(令人极为震惊的).Andwhenyouhaveakid,youalwayshaveanimageofwhattheirfutureisgoingtobelikeandallof

asudden,yougetthatnewsandyouneedtoerasethatandthinkitover.Anditreallyisagrievingprocess,”Lemaysaid.Lemaywantedtoprepareherkidsforwhatwas

tocomeandthoughtaboutfillingtheirvisualmemory.InMarch,Lemay,herhusband,andherfourkidsleftCanadaandembarkedon

anepicjourney,travelingtheglobeforawholeyear—showingtheirkidstheworld,beforeitistoolate.Duringtheirtrip,Lemayishomeschoolingherkids.Thefamilyals

omadeabucketlistoffunactivitiestheywanttoaccomplish,soeachkidcanseetheirdreamscometrue.Lemaysaidherkidsar

enotonlymakingvisualmemories.They’realsolearningimportantlifelessons,likefocusingonthepositive.“Sometimesthey’retiredand

there’sfrustration.It’sdifficult.Butwiththetravel,Iwantthemtoberesilient.”“Iwantthemtoknowthatanysituationthat’shardistemporary,becausethroughtheirl

ife,they’llneedlotsofresilience,”shesaid.“They’regoingtoadapttoasituationwiththeireyesightandtheninafewyear

slater,they’llloseachunkoftheireyesightsandtheywillhavetoreadaptandadaptagainandfallandgetbackagain,”Lema

ycontinued.Manyparentswanttogivetheirkidstheworldandthismomdid.24.Whatriskmaythechildrenfaceinthefuture?A.The

ywillbumpintothings.B.Theywillbeunabletogrowup.C.Theymaygetgeneticdisorders.D.Theymaytotallylosetheirsight.25.Whatcan

welearnfromthepassage?A.Lemaytriedtoerasethedevastatingnews.B.Thetravelwasnoteasybuthelpedthekidsstaypositive.C.Theparentsfilledtheirkids’visualmemor

ythroughbooks.D.Thechildrendroppedoutofschoolandwereeducatedathome.26.WhichcanbestdescribeLemay?A.Affectionateandtough.B.Consideratea

ndcommitted.C.Patientandgenerous.D.Sympatheticandsensitive.CWeallknowthateatinglaterinthedayisn’tgoodforourwaistlines,butwhy?Anewst

udyweighedinonthatquestionbycomparingpeoplewhoatethesamefoods—butatdifferenttimesintheday.“Wefoundthat

eatingfourhourslatermakesasignificantdifferenceforourhungerlevels,thewayweburncaloriesafterweeat,andthewaywestorefat,”Vujovićsaid,a

researcheratBoston’sBrighamandWomen’sHospital.“Together,thesechangesmayexplainwhylateeatingisassociat

edwithincreasedobesityriskreportedbyotherstudiesandprovidenewbiologicalinsightintotheunderlyingmechanisms.”T

hestudyprovidessupportfortheconceptthatcircadian(生理节奏)rhythm,whichinfluenceskeyphysiologicfunctionssuchasbodytemperatureandheartrate,affectshowo

urbodiesabsorbfuel,researcherssaid.Thestudydoesshoweatinglaterresultsin“anincreaseinhunger,impactshormones(荷尔蒙)andalsochange

sgeneexpression,especiallyintermsoffatmetabolismwithatendencytowardslessfatbreakdownandmorefatdeposition,”saidDr.BhanuP

rakashKolla,aprofessorofpsychiatryandpsychologyattheMayoClinicCollegeofMedicineandaconsultanttoMayo’sCenterforSleepMedicin

eandDivisionofAddictionMedicine.Thestudywassmall—only16overweightorobesepeople—butcarefullyplannedtoeliminate

otherpotentialcausesofweightgain,theauthorssaid.“Whiletherehavebeenotherstudiesinvestigatingwhylateeatingassociateswitha

nincreasedriskforobesity,thismaybethemostwellcontrolled,includingstrictlycontrollingtheamount,compositio

nandtimingofmeals,physicalactivity,sleep,roomtemperatureandlightexposure,”saidseniorauthorFrankScheer,directoroftheMedicalChronobiologyProg

ramintheBrigham’sDivisionofSleepandCircadianDisorders.Allparticipantswereingoodhealth,withnohistoryofdiabetesorshiftwork,whi

chcanaffectcircadianrhythm,andhadregularphysicalactivity.Eachpersoninthestudykepttoastricthealthysleep/wakescheduleforaboutthreeweeksandwerep

rovidedwithpreparedmealsatfixedtimesforthreedaysbeforethelabexperimentbegan.Resultsshowedthathungerpangs

doubledforthoseonanight-eatingregime.Peoplewhoatelaterinthedayalsoreportedadesireforstarchyandsaltyfoods,meatand,toalesserextent,adesir

efordairyfoodsandvegetables.Bylookingattheresultsofbloodtests,researcherswereabletoseewhy:Levelsofleptin,ahormonewhichtellsuswh

enwefeelfull,weredecreasedforlateeatersversusearlyeaters.Incomparison,levelsofthehormoneghrelin,whichspikesourap

petite,rose.27.Accordingtothepassage,thefollowingmaycontributetotheobesityexcept_________.A.thebreakdownoflessfatB.thechangesingeneexpressionC.

theincreaseinthelevelsofleptinD.thedisturbanceofthecircadianrhythm28.InParagraph4,thewriterintendsto________

_.A.highlighttheresultsofthestudyB.illustratetheprocessofthestudyC.presentthepurposeofthestudyD.demo

nstratethereliabilityofthestudy29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spike”inParagraph5mostprobablymean?A.Stimulate.B.Reduce.C.M

aintain.D.Control.30Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Eatinglateaccountsforobesity.B.Obesitycanbewellcontrolledbyeatinglate.C.When

youeatisirrelevanttohowfatyouare.D.Eatinglatemayimpacttheexpressionfunction.DAutomation(自动化)wasahottopic.Nearlyeveryoneagreedthatpeople

wouldbeworkinglessoncecomputersandotherkindsofautomaticmachinerybecamewidespread.Foroptimists,thiswasapromiseofliberation:Atla

sthumanitywouldbefreedfromconstanttoil,andwecouldalldevoteourdaystomorerefinedpursuits.But.otherssawathrea

t:Millionsofpeoplewouldbethrownoutofwork,anddesperatemasseswouldroamthestreets.Lookingbackfrom50yearshence,thecontroversyoverautomations

eemsaquaintandcuriousepisode.Thedisputewasneverresolved.A.J.Hayes,aleader(andnorelationtome),wrotein1964:Autom

ationisnotjustanewkindofmechanizationbutarevolutionaryforcecapableofoverturningoursocialorder.Whereasmechanizationmadeworkersm

oreefficient—andthusmorevaluable—automationthreatenstomakethemsuperfluous(过剩的)—andthuswithoutvalue.TheopinionsIhavecitedhererepresent

extremepositions,andtherewerealsomanymilderviews.ButIthinkit’sfairtosaythatmostearlystudentsofautomation,includingbothc

riticsandenthusiasts,believedthenewtechnologywouldleadusintoaworldwherepeopleworkedmuchless.Asforeco

nomicconsequences,worriesaboutunemploymenthavecertainlynotgoneaway—notwithjoblossesinthecurrentrecessionapproaching2millionworkersinourcou

ntryalone.Butrecentjoblossesarecommonlyattributedtocausesotherthanautomation,suchascompetitionfromoverseasoraro

ller-coasterfinancialsystem.Inanycase,thevisionofaworldwheremachinesdoalltheworkandpeoplestandidlybyhassimplynotcometopass

.Thespreadofautomationoutsideofthefactoryhasaltereditssocialandeconomicimpactinsomecuriousways.Inmanycasestheneteffectof

automationisnotthatmachinesaredoingworkthatpeopleusedtodo.Insteadwe’vedispensedwiththepeoplewhousedtobepaidto

runthemachines,andwe’velearnedtorunthemourselves.Thesetrendscontradictalmostalltheexpectationsofearlywritersonautomat

ion,bothoptimistsandpessimists.Sofar,automationhasneitherliberatedusfromtheneedtoworknordeprived(剥夺)usoftheopportunitytowork.Instead,we’reworkin

gmorethanever.Whatabouttradesclosertomyownvitalinterests?Willsciencebeautomated?Technologyalreadyhasacentralroleinmanyare

asofresearch;forexample,genomesequencescouldnotbereadbytraditionallab-benchmethods.Replacingthescientistwillpres

umablybealittleharderthanreplacingthelabtechnician,butwhenamachineexhibitsenoughcuriosityandtenacity,Ithinkw

e’lljusthavetowelcomeitasacompanioninzealousresearch.Andifthescientistiselbowedasidebyanautomaton,th

ensurelythesciencewritercan’tholdouteither.I’mreadyformy15-hourworkweek.31.InParagraph1,thewritermainlywantsto

conveythat________.A.automationresultsinunemploymentB.automationdoesmoreharmthangoodC.theissueofautomationwasstillindiscu

ssion,D.automationbringsinmuchconvenienceinlife32.AccordingtoJ.Hayes,wecaninfer_________A.automationismorevaluabl

ethanwhatweimagineB.automationisarevolutionaryforcetobetterdevelopmentC.thedisadvantagesofautomationfaroutweig

htheadvantagesD.thenewtechnologywouldleadpeopleintoworkingmuchless33What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardautomationonjobs?A.

Doubtful.B.Supportive.C.Disapproving.D.Neutral.34.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Peopleneedn’tworksohardduetoautomation.B.Traditionallaborforcew

illbereplacedinthenearfuture.C.Automationshouldbeacceptedreasonablyindevelopment.D.Automationresultsinmorejoblossesinthewriter’scountry.第二节(

共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)Noteverydayisgoingtobegreat.Noteverydayisgoingtobeyourweddingday,graduation,orbirthday.Wehaveo

urroutines;wegotoschoolandmeetalotofthesamepeople.Usuallylongperiodsoftimeinourlivesaredevotedtodoingaspecificsetofthings.Thestress

oflifecandisconnectusfromoursurroundingsandmakeiteasiertolosetouchwithourneedandemotions.____35____Essentially,casualmagicispracticingthehabit

ofseeingthebeautyinsmallmomentsofmundane(单调的)life.____36____Inastudythatinvestigatedwhatthisdoestoyourmood,282participantswere

observedonthepositiveeffectofsomethingtheydid.Researchersfoundthatbeingpresentandfocusingonpositivemoment

sgaveahigherpositiveeffectandresultedinahigherlifesatisfaction.____37____Haveyoueverwalkedthroughapatchofforestors

eenthesunshineoverrooftopsandnoticedhowvibrantthecolorswere?Orhaveyoueverfeltabreezeonthesideofyourface?Youjustneedtolearnhowtotreas

ureandenjoythesemoments.Nowthisisnottosaythatlifeshouldn’tbenegativeandthatweshouldjustignoreallthebadthingstha

thappeninlife.____38____Suchemotionmaybeasignthatitistimetopropelchangeandgrowth.Negativethingsshouldbeconsideredtobeopportunitiesforlearnin

gandshouldnotbedwelledupon.Hence,Iurgeyoutotryit.____39____Appreciatesomethingsmall:thesunlightrestingonawindowcurtain,

howgreentheleavesare,thehappinessoflaughingwithafriend,thetasteofanice-cream.Noteverydayisgoing.tobethebestdayofyo

urlife;butitcanstillbespecial.A.However,casualmagicistheroadtohappiness.B.Topreventthis,applytheconceptofcasualmagic.C.Anadequateexampletopract

icecasualmagicisnature.D.Casualmagicinsteadallowsustolistentoandexamineanynegativefeeling.E.Putasideyourscreen,bepresentandgiveyourselfachanceto

findthatspecialmoment.F.Weshouldlearnfromnegativethingsandmoveontoappreciatingmomentsofcasualmagic.G.Itiscenteredaroundcuriosityandfocusest

heenergyonobservingandreflectingonthelittlethings.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读表达WhitesandbeachesoftheCocos

Islands,whichareknownasagorgeoustouristdestinationsurroundedbygreenishbluewater,havenowbeenfilledwithplasti

cwastes.JenniferLavers,amarinescientist,wenttothesetropicalislandswithherresearchteam.Knowingthatlotsofbeacheswerepollutedbyplasticwastes,th

eteamconductedacarefulscientificexaminationonthecoast,onlytofindtheproblemcausedbypiecesoftrashhumansle

ftwasworsethanexpected.Notallplasticsaretoblame.Theyarenecessaryinplaceslikehospitalsandairplanes,andmakeourvehicleslighterandmoreeffic

ient.However,otherplastics,especiallydisposable(一次性的)plastics,accountforthegrowingmessonthebeaches.Islandsallovertheworldarejammedwithplastics.Andthe

CocosIslandsarenoexception.Apparently,demandfordisposableplasticsmustbereducedgreatly.“Whydon’twecarryaroundbagsthatwecanuseoverandover

again?”askedRichardGross,achemistwhoresearchesinnovativewaystomakemoresustainableplastics.“Let’scarryaroundreusable

lunchboxes.Weshouldunderstandhowseriousthesituationis.”Althoughitisimportantforindividualstomakeaneff

orttoavoidusingdisposableplastics,itisalsogenerallybelievedthatonlywithinternationalrulescansuchadeep-rooted,common,and

worldwidescourge(灾害)betackled.However,theU.N.,whichengagesindealingwithacceleratingclimatechangeandpublichealthcrises

,obviouslyisn’tpayingenoughattentiontocallingforinternationalactiononplasticpollution.Asaresult,billionsofplasticproductswill

stillbeproducedeveryyear,manyofwhichwillendupintheocean.Itrequiresthegreatesteffortofalltimetocontrolplasticpollutioninmodernsociety.

Nomatterhowtallthehurdles(栏架)are,somethinghastobedone.40.WhatdidJenniferLaversandherresearchteamfind?_____________________________

____________________________________41.Whatkindsofplasticsleadtotheincreasingwastesonthebeaches?__________________________________

_______________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexpl

ainwhy.Individualeffortsandinternationalrulesarebothrequiredtotackletheplasticpollution,andtheU.N.paysmuchattentiontocallingforinternationalaction.

_________________________________________________________________43.Asastudent,whatwillyoudotoreducewhitepollution?________________

_________________________________________________第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim来邮件询问你的居家学习和生活情况。请你给他回一封邮件，内容

包括：1.充实的学习活动2.丰富的课余生活注意：1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,________________________________________________________________________________________

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