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大兴区2022~2023学年度第一学期期末检测试卷高三英语第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OnaSaturdayafte

rnoon,youfindmostkidsoutsideplayinggames.Kidsaremadeforthe___1___,withtheirendlessenergyandtheeasywayinwhichtheymakefriends.It’snot_

__2___forKameron,anordinary,fun-loving7-year-oldgirlwholovestodrawouttheworld’slongesthopscotch(跳格子)o

nthesidewalk.Butinbetween___3___,Kamerontakestimetodosomethingspecialforher___4___neighborswhosechildrenhavelongsincelefthome.Kameronfi

rststartedwavingtothem.Mostofthemsmiledback.ThenKamerondecidedthatsomeofthemneededalittle___5___.Sosheranhome

,tookherviolinandmadetherounds.“CanIplayyouasong?”sheasked,afterknockingonthedoor.Gustavsmiledwide.HiswifeVivian,whohashadmu

sculardystrophy(肌肉萎缩)forover20years,stood___6___,andhaddifficultymovingabout.Itlookedterriblyuncomfortable.They’ve___7___theirdaily

walkswithafternoondrives,buteventhosearegettingtoodifficultforVivian.GustavletKameronin,andVivian___8___botharmsofh

erchairandpulledtoit.OnthetablebesideherwasaphotoofherwithGustavwhentheywereyoungandenergetic.“Wantmetoplayy

ourfavoritesong?”Kameronasked.“Ofcourse,”Gustavanswered.ItwastheonlysongKameronknew.Thesmallviolin___9___seriouslyunderKameron’sch

in(下巴).Sheplayedasbestasshecould.VivianbeatherlegtokeeprhythmforKameron.GustavheldVivian’sotherhand.

Itwasnottheperformancethatwasmoving,butthe____10____itbrought.1.A.lessonsB.outdoorsC.classroomsD.experiences2.A.easyB.normalC.differentD.ne

cessary3.A.gamesB.examsC.destinationsD.conversations4.A.youngB.proudC.elderlyD.lovely5.A.pressureB.emotionC.ambitionD.pleasure6.A.ho

nestlyB.awkwardlyC.gratefullyD.determinedly7.A.replacedB.linkedC.repliedD.combined8.A.tookcareofB.tookchargeofC.tookoutofD.tookholdof9.A.

rockedB.restedC.jumpedD.wandered10.A.stylesB.profitsC.memoriesD.adventures第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短

文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Twodecades____11____(pass)sincenewspaperslaunchedwebsites,andyetherewe

are.Bigpapershavegoneunder,thousandsofjournalistshavelost____12____(they)jobs,andtheideathatdigitalnewswilleve

ntuallybecomeadecentbusiness____13____(feel)likearumor(谣言).Therealityisthis:nosocialnetworkhascomeclosetomatchingthesuccessofprintreadership.B

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WhileLobbyBoytakesitsnamefromacharacterinthefilm,thebanddoesn’

twanttobeknownasanythingreductive.Butoneofthefilm’sideasthateveryoneinyourlifehastheincrediblepowertotelltheirownstoryis___

_14____(amaze).“Inmypersonallife,ItrytorememberthatevenifI’mstrugglingorhavingaconflict____15____someone,nomatterwhattheinteractionis,nom

atterhowsmallorlargeitis,thisisastory____16____isunfoldinginfrontofme,”hesays.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅

填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。After15yearsofworkingtoraiseclimateurgencyI’veconcluded____17____thepublicandworldleadersunderestimatehowrapid,se

riousclimateandecologicalbreakdownwillbeifhumanityfails____18____(organize).Theremayonlybefiveyears____19____(leave)beforeh

umanityexpendstheremaining“carbonbudget”tostayunder1.5℃of____20____(globe)heating.AndtheremayonlybefiveyearsbeforetheAmazonrainforesta

ndalargeAntarcticicesheetpassirreversiblepoints.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中

，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该,项涂黑。AIt’sexcitingwhenyourbookwormteenannounceshisorherplanstobeawriter.Ratherthanbombardthemwithfancypens

andmotivationalreadingdirectthemtoacomfortzone:theInternet.Thesesitesaregreatresourcesandlandingspotsforfuturestorytellers.FigmentSpeciallytai

loredfortheteenreader/writer,Figmentisacommunitydedicatedtoreadingandwritingstoriesonline.Addictivelyfun,usersca

nratestoriesbywhethertheymadethemlaugh,blush,cry,orjustsay“wow.”Thesitefrequentlyrunscontestsandfeaturesworkfromwell-knownauthorsandeditorswhos

ometimesdropinforFigmentchatswiththesite’scommunity.WattpadItisthelargestonlinereadingplatform,andallowsa

uthorstosharetheirworkwiththeworld.Well-knownwriterssuchasMargaretAtwoodandCoryDoctorowevenposttheirworkhere.Teenscanfindandfollo

wtheirfavoriteauthorsandreleasetheirownworksasserialnovels.TeenInkSupportedbythenonprofitYoungAuthorsFoundation,TeenInkisthetwenty-five-ye

arveteraninthefostering-teen-writersgame.Themagazine,bookseries,andwebsitearedevotedentirelytowriting,art,andphotosbyteens.It’salsoago-toforteensinte

restedinwritingandpublishingnonfictionessaysandarticlesaswellaspoetry.OneTeenStoryDirectkidsheretointrod

ucethemtothenonprofit’smonthlymagazine.Eachissuefeaturesoneshortstoryabouttheteenexperience,usuallyfromaknownyoungadultauthor.Teensdrawntotheshortsto

ryformcanalsosubmittheirworkforconsiderationinanannualissuethatfeaturesastorywrittenbyateenforteens.NaNoWriMoNaNoWriMoisanawesomethirty-dayadvent

ureforanywriter,butteensmightbeespeciallyinclinedtojoin.InNovember,would-benovelistsovertheworldattempttowritea50,000-word(ormor

e)bookinthirtydays.21.Thepassageisintendedfor_________.A.teachersB.teensC.parentsD.writers22.Whichsitesmayprovidethechanc

etointeractwithrecognizedwriters?A.FigmentandWattpad.B.FigmentandTeenInk.,C.TeenInkandNaNoWriMo.D.WattpadandOneTeenStory.23.Whatcanbelearnedfromthe

passage?A.OneTeenStoryisanonprofit’sannualmagazine.B.Figmentregularlyfeaturesyoungadultwriters’works.C.NaNoWriMooffersteensathirty-dayadventurearound

theworld.D.TeenInkisthefirstchoiceofteenswhoarekeenonwritingpoems.BManyparentsdreamoftheirchildrengrowingupands

eeingtheworld.ButEdithLemay,amotheroffourfromCanada,worriedherchildrenwererunningoutoftimetodothat.Whenherfirstchild,Mia,waslittle,shenoticedshewould

bumpintothings.In2018,Miawasdiagnosedwithretinitispigmentosa(色素性视网膜炎).“Whatitdoesisthatthecellintheretinadiesovertimeandtheylosetheirf

ieldofvision.There’sachancetheywillgocompletelyblindbymidlife,”saidLemay.Thediseaseisgenetic,meaningLemay’sotherkid

swereatrisk.Shesoonnoticedtwoofhersons,CollinandLaurent,hadthesamesymptoms.Theyweresoondiagnosed,too.“Ofcourseitwasdevastating(令人极为震惊的).Andwheny

ouhaveakid,youalwayshaveanimageofwhattheirfutureisgoingtobelikeandallofasudden,yougetthatnewsandyouneedtoeras

ethatandthinkitover.Anditreallyisagrievingprocess,”Lemaysaid.Lemaywantedtoprepareherkidsforwhatwastoco

meandthoughtaboutfillingtheirvisualmemory.InMarch,Lemay,herhusband,andherfourkidsleftCanadaandembarkedonanepicjourney,travelingtheglob

eforawholeyear—showingtheirkidstheworld,beforeitistoolate.Duringtheirtrip,Lemayishomeschoolingherkids.Thefamilyalsomadeabucketlistoffunac

tivitiestheywanttoaccomplish,soeachkidcanseetheirdreamscometrue.Lemaysaidherkidsarenotonlymakingvisualmemories.They’realsolearningimportant

lifelessons,likefocusingonthepositive.“Sometimesthey’retiredandthere’sfrustration.It’sdifficult.Butwiththetravel,Iwantthemtoberesilient.

”“Iwantthemtoknowthatanysituationthat’shardistemporary,becausethroughtheirlife,they’llneedlotsofresilience,”sh

esaid.“They’regoingtoadapttoasituationwiththeireyesightandtheninafewyearslater,they’llloseachunkoftheireyesightsandtheywillh

avetoreadaptandadaptagainandfallandgetbackagain,”Lemaycontinued.Manyparentswanttogivetheirkidstheworldandthismomdid.24

.Whatriskmaythechildrenfaceinthefuture?A.Theywillbumpintothings.B.Theywillbeunabletogrowup.C.Theymaygetgeneticdiso

rders.D.Theymaytotallylosetheirsight.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Lemaytriedtoerasethedevastatingnews.B.Thetravelwasn

oteasybuthelpedthekidsstaypositive.C.Theparentsfilledtheirkids’visualmemorythroughbooks.D.Thechildrendroppedoutofschoolandwereeducatedathome

.26.WhichcanbestdescribeLemay?A.Affectionateandtough.B.Considerateandcommitted.C.Patientandgenerous.D.

Sympatheticandsensitive.CWeallknowthateatinglaterinthedayisn’tgoodforourwaistlines,butwhy?Anewstudyweighedin

onthatquestionbycomparingpeoplewhoatethesamefoods—butatdifferenttimesintheday.“Wefoundthateatingfourhourslaterm

akesasignificantdifferenceforourhungerlevels,thewayweburncaloriesafterweeat,andthewaywestorefat,”Vujovićsaid,aresearche

ratBoston’sBrighamandWomen’sHospital.“Together,thesechangesmayexplainwhylateeatingisassociatedwithincreasedobesityriskreportedbyothe

rstudiesandprovidenewbiologicalinsightintotheunderlyingmechanisms.”Thestudyprovidessupportfortheconceptthatcirca

dian(生理节奏)rhythm,whichinfluenceskeyphysiologicfunctionssuchasbodytemperatureandheartrate,affectshowourbod

iesabsorbfuel,researcherssaid.Thestudydoesshoweatinglaterresultsin“anincreaseinhunger,impactshormones(荷尔蒙)andalsochangesgeneexpression,especiall

yintermsoffatmetabolismwithatendencytowardslessfatbreakdownandmorefatdeposition,”saidDr.BhanuPrakashKolla,a

professorofpsychiatryandpsychologyattheMayoClinicCollegeofMedicineandaconsultanttoMayo’sCenterforSleepMedicineandDivisionofAddi

ctionMedicine.Thestudywassmall—only16overweightorobesepeople—butcarefullyplannedtoeliminateotherpotentialcausesofweightgain,theaut

horssaid.“Whiletherehavebeenotherstudiesinvestigatingwhylateeatingassociateswithanincreasedriskforobesity,thismaybethemostwellcontro

lled,includingstrictlycontrollingtheamount,compositionandtimingofmeals,physicalactivity,sleep,roomtemperatur

eandlightexposure,”saidseniorauthorFrankScheer,directoroftheMedicalChronobiologyProgramintheBrigham’sDivisionofSleepandCircadianDisorders.Allp

articipantswereingoodhealth,withnohistoryofdiabetesorshiftwork,whichcanaffectcircadianrhythm,andhadregul

arphysicalactivity.Eachpersoninthestudykepttoastricthealthysleep/wakescheduleforaboutthreeweeksandwereprovidedwithpreparedmealsatfixedtimesforthreeda

ysbeforethelabexperimentbegan.Resultsshowedthathungerpangsdoubledforthoseonanight-eatingregime.Peoplewhoa

telaterinthedayalsoreportedadesireforstarchyandsaltyfoods,meatand,toalesserextent,adesirefordairyfoodsandvegetables.Bylooki

ngattheresultsofbloodtests,researcherswereabletoseewhy:Levelsofleptin,ahormonewhichtellsuswhenwefeelfull,weredecreasedforlateeat

ersversusearlyeaters.Incomparison,levelsofthehormoneghrelin,whichspikesourappetite,rose.27.Accordingtothepassage,thefollow

ingmaycontributetotheobesityexcept_________.A.thebreakdownoflessfatB.thechangesingeneexpressionC.theincreaseinthelevelsofleptinD.th

edisturbanceofthecircadianrhythm28.InParagraph4,thewriterintendsto_________.A.highlighttheresultsofthestudyB.illustratet

heprocessofthestudyC.presentthepurposeofthestudyD.demonstratethereliabilityofthestudy29.Whatdoestheunderline

dword“spike”inParagraph5mostprobablymean?A.Stimulate.B.Reduce.C.Maintain.D.Control.30Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Eatinglateaccountsforob

esity.B.Obesitycanbewellcontrolledbyeatinglate.C.Whenyoueatisirrelevanttohowfatyouare.D.Eatinglatemay

impacttheexpressionfunction.DAutomation(自动化)wasahottopic.Nearlyeveryoneagreedthatpeoplewouldbeworkinglessonce

computersandotherkindsofautomaticmachinerybecamewidespread.Foroptimists,thiswasapromiseofliberation:Atlasthumanitywouldbefreedfromco

nstanttoil,andwecouldalldevoteourdaystomorerefinedpursuits.But.otherssawathreat:Millionsofpeoplewouldbethrownoutofwork,anddesperatemasseswouldro

amthestreets.Lookingbackfrom50yearshence,thecontroversyoverautomationseemsaquaintandcuriousepisode.Thedisputewasneverresolved.A.J.Hayes,aleader(and

norelationtome),wrotein1964:Automationisnotjustanewkindofmechanizationbutarevolutionaryforcecapableofoverturningoursocialorder.Whereasmechanizationm

adeworkersmoreefficient—andthusmorevaluable—automationthreatenstomakethemsuperfluous(过剩的)—andthuswithoutvalu

e.TheopinionsIhavecitedhererepresentextremepositions,andtherewerealsomanymilderviews.ButIthinkit’sfairtosaythatmostearlyst

udentsofautomation,includingbothcriticsandenthusiasts,believedthenewtechnologywouldleadusintoaworldwherepeopleworkedm

uchless.Asforeconomicconsequences,worriesaboutunemploymenthavecertainlynotgoneaway—notwithjoblossesinthecurrentrecessio

napproaching2millionworkersinourcountryalone.Butrecentjoblossesarecommonlyattributedtocausesotherthanautomation,suchascomp

etitionfromoverseasoraroller-coasterfinancialsystem.Inanycase,thevisionofaworldwheremachinesdoalltheworkandpeoplestandidlybyhassimplynotcometopa

ss.Thespreadofautomationoutsideofthefactoryhasaltereditssocialandeconomicimpactinsomecuriousways.Inmanycasestheneteffectofautomationisnot

thatmachinesaredoingworkthatpeopleusedtodo.Insteadwe’vedispensedwiththepeoplewhousedtobepaidtorunthemachi

nes,andwe’velearnedtorunthemourselves.Thesetrendscontradictalmostalltheexpectationsofearlywritersonautomation,bothoptimistsandpes

simists.Sofar,automationhasneitherliberatedusfromtheneedtoworknordeprived(剥夺)usoftheopportunitytowork.Instead

,we’reworkingmorethanever.Whatabouttradesclosertomyownvitalinterests?Willsciencebeautomated?Technologyalreadyhasacentralrole

inmanyareasofresearch;forexample,genomesequencescouldnotbereadbytraditionallab-benchmethods.Replacingthescientistwillpresumablybealittleharderthanrep

lacingthelabtechnician,butwhenamachineexhibitsenoughcuriosityandtenacity,Ithinkwe’lljusthavetowelcomeitasacompanioninze

alousresearch.Andifthescientistiselbowedasidebyanautomaton,thensurelythesciencewritercan’tholdouteither.I’mreadyf

ormy15-hourworkweek.31.InParagraph1,thewritermainlywantstoconveythat________.A.automationresultsinunemploymentB.automationdoesmoreharmthangoodC.th

eissueofautomationwasstillindiscussion,D.automationbringsinmuchconvenienceinlife32.AccordingtoJ.Hayes,wec

aninfer_________A.automationismorevaluablethanwhatweimagineB.automationisarevolutionaryforcetobetterdevelopmentC.thedisadvantagesofautomationfaroutw

eightheadvantagesD.thenewtechnologywouldleadpeopleintoworkingmuchless33What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardautomationonjobs?

A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.C.Disapproving.D.Neutral.34.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Peopleneedn’tworksohardduetoautomation.B.Tr

aditionallaborforcewillbereplacedinthenearfuture.C.Automationshouldbeacceptedreasonablyindevelopment.D.Automationresultsinmorejobl

ossesinthewriter’scountry.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)Noteverydayisgoingtobegreat.Noteverydayisgoingtobeyourweddingday,graduation,or

birthday.Wehaveourroutines;wegotoschoolandmeetalotofthesamepeople.Usuallylongperiodsoftimeinourlivesaredevotedtodoingaspecificsetofthings.

Thestressoflifecandisconnectusfromoursurroundingsandmakeiteasiertolosetouchwithourneedandemotions.____35____Essentia

lly,casualmagicispracticingthehabitofseeingthebeautyinsmallmomentsofmundane(单调的)life.____36____Inastudythatinvestiga

tedwhatthisdoestoyourmood,282participantswereobservedonthepositiveeffectofsomethingtheydid.Researchersfoundthatbeingpresenta

ndfocusingonpositivemomentsgaveahigherpositiveeffectandresultedinahigherlifesatisfaction.____37____Haveyoueverwalkedth

roughapatchofforestorseenthesunshineoverrooftopsandnoticedhowvibrantthecolorswere?Orhaveyoueverfeltabreezeonthesideofyourface?Youjustneedtolea

rnhowtotreasureandenjoythesemoments.Nowthisisnottosaythatlifeshouldn’tbenegativeandthatweshouldjustignoreallthebadthingsthathappeninlife.____3

8____Suchemotionmaybeasignthatitistimetopropelchangeandgrowth.Negativethingsshouldbeconsideredtobeop

portunitiesforlearningandshouldnotbedwelledupon.Hence,Iurgeyoutotryit.____39____Appreciatesomethingsmall:thesunlightrestingonawindowcu

rtain,howgreentheleavesare,thehappinessoflaughingwithafriend,thetasteofanice-cream.Noteverydayisgoing.tobe

thebestdayofyourlife;butitcanstillbespecial.A.However,casualmagicistheroadtohappiness.B.Topreventthis,applytheconceptofcasualmag

ic.C.Anadequateexampletopracticecasualmagicisnature.D.Casualmagicinsteadallowsustolistentoandexamineanynegativefee

ling.E.Putasideyourscreen,bepresentandgiveyourselfachancetofindthatspecialmoment.F.Weshouldlearnfromnegativethingsandmoveonto

appreciatingmomentsofcasualmagic.G.Itiscenteredaroundcuriosityandfocusestheenergyonobservingandreflectingonthelittlething

s.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读表达WhitesandbeachesoftheCocosIslands,whichareknownasagorgeoustouristdestinationsurrounded

bygreenishbluewater,havenowbeenfilledwithplasticwastes.JenniferLavers,amarinescientist,wenttothesetropicalisland

swithherresearchteam.Knowingthatlotsofbeacheswerepollutedbyplasticwastes,theteamconductedacarefulscientificexaminationonthecoast,onlyt

ofindtheproblemcausedbypiecesoftrashhumansleftwasworsethanexpected.Notallplasticsaretoblame.Theyareneces

saryinplaceslikehospitalsandairplanes,andmakeourvehicleslighterandmoreefficient.However,otherplastics,especiallydisposable(一次性的)plastics,acc

ountforthegrowingmessonthebeaches.Islandsallovertheworldarejammedwithplastics.AndtheCocosIslandsarenoexception.Apparently,demandfordis

posableplasticsmustbereducedgreatly.“Whydon’twecarryaroundbagsthatwecanuseoverandoveragain?”askedRichardGross,achemistwho

researchesinnovativewaystomakemoresustainableplastics.“Let’scarryaroundreusablelunchboxes.Weshouldunderstandhowseriousthesituationis.”Althoughi

tisimportantforindividualstomakeanefforttoavoidusingdisposableplastics,itisalsogenerallybelievedthatonlywithinternationalrulescansuchadeep-

rooted,common,andworldwidescourge(灾害)betackled.However,theU.N.,whichengagesindealingwithacceleratingclimatechangeandpublichealthcrises,obvio

uslyisn’tpayingenoughattentiontocallingforinternationalactiononplasticpollution.Asaresult,billionsofplasticprod

uctswillstillbeproducedeveryyear,manyofwhichwillendupintheocean.Itrequiresthegreatesteffortofalltimetoc

ontrolplasticpollutioninmodernsociety.Nomatterhowtallthehurdles(栏架)are,somethinghastobedone.40.WhatdidJenniferLaversandherres

earchteamfind?_________________________________________________________________41.Whatkindsofplasticsleadtotheincreasingwast

esonthebeaches?_________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpar

tisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Individualeffortsandinternationalrulesareb

othrequiredtotackletheplasticpollution,andtheU.N.paysmuchattentiontocallingforinternationalaction.______________________________________________

___________________43.Asastudent,whatwillyoudotoreducewhitepollution?____________________________________________________________

_____第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim来邮件询问你的居家学习和生活情况。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：1.充实的学习活动2.丰富的课余生活注意：1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,___

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