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专题十九书面表达对应学生用书起始页码P317清单一三步三段作文法三步三段作文法是结合多年高考书面表达命题规律总结出来的一种高分作文方法,具有很强的针对性。一、三步与三段1.三步(1)审题立意,布局谋篇“启”———创造良好的开端,是写作的第一步。审题立意,确定主题,确
定体裁、主体人称和基本时态。这是写作的第一关。文章只有合理分段,才能结构合理、层次分明、脉络清晰,做到段落“清”,层次“明”,主题突出,以获取阅卷老师的印象分。建议采用“三段作文法”写作。(2)确定要点,巧“承”妙“转”提炼要点和
理顺要点。要点全面是及格的保证。首先总结归纳要点,然后可按某种逻辑(如:时间、因果、转折等)关系重新排列要点。想要得高分,在写作中需尽可能地使用一些高级词汇和短语,合理使用较复杂、高级的句型,以增加文章亮点;
句式灵活多变,长短句结合,能够生动、形象、准确地表达内容;在段落之间和句子之间合理使用衔接词和过渡词,顺势承上启下,使文章如行云流水般上下连贯、呼应、一气呵成;巧妙转折过渡,使文章条理清晰、逻辑性强、浑然一体,从而做到衔接、过渡的巧
“承”妙“转”。(3)紧扣主题,遣词造句“合”———完美的结尾,是画龙点睛之笔。紧扣主题组词成句、成篇,做到语言得体、准确无误,避免重复;五种基本句式灵活机动,简单句、并列句、复合句三大主力句子通力合作,强调句、倒装句等句句
叫绝;词汇要具体化、细节化,避免抽象化、概念化,多用具体化的形容词和动词,少用概念化的词。如:Hegoestoschooleveryday.(概念化)Herides/walkstoschooleveryday.(具体化)/Heisverygood
.(概念化)Heisverygenerous/warm⁃hearted.(具体化)2.三段所谓三段作文法,就是将一篇书面表达按三段的写作模式布局谋篇,即开头———直击文中要点、核心问题;正文———围绕主题
展开叙述、讨论;结尾———对全文总结概括。三段式写作模式思路清晰,结构分明,是考生提高考场作文档次的最佳选择。(1)第一段:开门见山,直奔主题,提出要解决的问题或观点,或者交代时间、地点、人物、事件。(2)第二段:摆
出事实或提出论据,或者把事情发展的经过详细地写出来。该部分条理要清楚,过渡要自然,也就是评分细则所要求的“有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑,完全达到预期的写作目的”。(3)最后一段得出结论。好的结尾能起到画龙点睛的作用,也能
给评分老师留下一个好的印象。不同题材的文章我们可采用不同的结尾方式。二、三段论第一段启:良好开篇———开门见山明意图文章的开头应当做到新颖、吸引人、感染人,成功的开头是写好文章的关键。开门见山,用简洁的语言引出文章的主题,使阅卷者清楚文章要
说什么,是高考书面表达的关键。表示“启”的词汇常用在段落或文章的开头,用于开篇引出扩展句。1.常见词汇first,firstly,firstofall,atfirst,inthefirstplace,aboveall,
tobegin/startwith,today,now,nowadays,atpresent,currently,recently,generallyspeaking,accordingto等。First,Ithinkeveryoneneedsfriendsandise
agertogetfriendship.Firstofall,wemustmakefulluseofevery45⁃minutelesson.Nowadays/Recently,peopleinmanybigcitiesarecomplainingabouttheheavytraffi
c.Inthefirstplace,shecanreadattherateof100wordsaminute.Tobeginwith,smokingshouldbebannedinpublicareas.Generallys
peaking,themoreyoulearn,thebetteryouwillunderstand.2.常用句式Astheproverbsays/Asthesayinggoes,“Timeismoney.”Ascanbeseenfromthetable,nea
rlyeveryoneownsonemobilephoneinChina.WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,computersplayanimportantroleinpeopleslife.Thereisnodenyingthathealthismoreimpo
rtantthanwealth.Itisbelievedthathealthisabovewealth.Itiswellknownthatanelephantisaverykindandgentleanimal.Imexcited
tolearnthatwearegoingtostartamagazine.Asastudent,Icantellyouthatthereisnothingbetterthanbeingpraisedb
ymyteacherbeforemyclassmates.Imgladtohearthatyouwillcometoourschoolasanexchangestudent.Asisknowntoall,shoesplayanimportantrolein
ourlife,专题十九书面表达
127fortheycanprotectourfeetfrombeinghurt.3.常用段首句(1)现在,……,它给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……;其次,……;更为糟糕的是……。Today,...,whichhasbroughtalotofharm
toourdailylife.Firstly,...Secondly,...Whatmakesthingsworseisthat...(2)现在,……很普遍。许多人喜欢……,因为……。此外……Nowadays,iti
scommonto...Manypeoplelike...because...Besides...(3)人类正面临着一个严重的问题……,这个问题变得越来越严重。Manisnowfacingthebigproblemof/that...,whichisbec
omingmoreandmoreserious.(4)……已成为人们关注的热门话题,特别是在年轻人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。...hasbecomeahottopicamongpeople,especiallyamongtheyoungandhe
ateddebatesarerightontheway.(5)……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发了一些严重的问题。...hasbeenplayinganincr
easinglyimportantroleinourdailylife.Ithasbroughtusalotofbenefitsbuthascreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.4.书信开头在书信写作中我们可用Imwri
tingtodosth.来表示目的;用Idliketodosth.来表示叙述。求职信可说:Imwritingtoapplyfortheposition.../Learningfrom...,I
dliketoapplyforthepost...咨询信可说:Imwritingtoinquire/askforsomeinformationabout...感谢信可说:Imwritingtoexpressmy
thankstoyoufor..../Idliketoconveymyheartfeltthankstoyoufor...建议信可说:Imwritingtoexpressmyviewconcerning...投诉信可说:I
mwritingtocomplainabout...道歉信可说:Imwritingtomakeanapologytoyoufor...邀请信可说:Imwritingtotellyousomething
about.../Wouldyouliketo...?①Imsogladtohearfromyou.Withthecollegeentranceexaminationdrawingnear,Iamengagedinpreparingforit.(2017天津)②Im
writingtoinviteyoutovisitthepaper⁃cuttingexhibition.(2017全国Ⅱ)③Imwritingtoinviteyoutojoinourschooltabletennisteam.(2017全国Ⅲ)④Howtimeflies!
IamLiJin,presidentofStudentUnionofChenguangMiddleSchool.(2016天津)⑤ImLiHua,oneofyourstudentsfromClassTwo.Imwritingtoaskforyour
help.(2016全国Ⅰ)⑥OurschoolphotographyclubisgoingtoholdanInternationalHighSchoolStudentPhotographyShow.
(2016全国Ⅱ)⑦ImsorrytosaythatIcannotgotothebookstorewithyouonFridayafternoon.(2016全国Ⅲ)⑧IdliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschoolsEnglishne
wspaper.(2015全国Ⅰ)⑨IdliketoinviteyoutojoinusforavisittothenearbynursinghomenextSaturdayfortheDoubleNi
nthFestival.(2015全国Ⅱ)⑩ImhappytoreceiveyourletterandknowyourecomingtoChina.(2017北京)【即学即用1】1.(一般说来),themorey
oupractise,themoreskillfullyyoucanwriteinEnglish.2.(首先),themostsignificantthingistosetagoal,workoutaplanandcarryoutyourplanstepbystep.3.(就我
而言),Ilovewealth,butIvaluehealthmore.4.(当提到)reading,itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatreadingincreasesourknowled
geandbroadensourmind.5.(毫无疑问)peopleinmanybigcitiesarecomplainingaboutheavytraffic,whichhasseriouslyinfluencedpeoplesdailylifeandeco
nomicdevelopment.答案1.Generallyspeaking2.Firstofall/Tobeginwith3.AsfarasImconcerned4.Whenitcomesto5.Thereisnodoubtthat第二段“承”与“转”:衔接“巧”,过渡“妙”,主体
通畅显底蕴1.词汇要“美”,妙语要“多”一份高考作文在阅卷时往往在很短的时间内就被判定生死,除了要点要全外,在用词方面,大众化的词汇、平庸的表达会使长时间工作的阅卷老师产生视觉疲劳。如果一篇作文中突然出现几个与众不同的词汇或表达,定会让阅卷老师眼
前一亮,给你高分。(1)“语”众不同,避免人云亦云写作时恰当得体地使用别人可能想不到的词汇或表达,会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉。①Ifyouwanttoapplyformembership,youareaskedtofil
lintheapplicationformandsendanemailtopingpong@123.com.→Ifyouwanttoapplyformembership,youarerequiredt
ofillintheapplicationformandsendanemailtopingpong@123.com.(2017全国Ⅲ)②TheapplicationtimeisfromOctober5toOctober10,2017.→Theap
plicationtimeisscheduledforOctober5—10,2017.(2017全国Ⅲ)③MyapplicationandresumehavebeenpreparedandIsincerelyhopeyoucanhelpmecorr
ectthem.→MyapplicationandresumehavebeenpreparedandIsincerelyhopeyoucanhelpmepolishthem.(2016全国Ⅰ)④SoIhavetobothery
outocorrectmymistakesinthematerialIattachtotheletter.→SoIhavenochoicebuttobotheryoutocorrectmymistakesinthematerialIat
tachtotheletter.(2016全国Ⅰ)⑤Ishouldbefreeanytimeafterschoolnextweek.�
�1285年高考3年模拟B版(教师用书)→Ishouldbeavailableanytimeafterschoolnextweek.(2016全国Ⅲ)(2
)更新换代,避免重复写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语,要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的水平;用词不同、表达方式迥异,也是高级用法。①Apartfromregulartraining,ourteamwilljoininavarietyofactivitie
s,suchasjoininginsomenationalcompetitionsonbehalfofourschool.→Apartfromregulartraining,ourteamwilljoi
ninavarietyofactivities,suchasparticipatinginsomenationalcompetitionsonbehalfofourschool.②Whatsmore
,inordertoknowmuchaboutChineseculture,itisimportantforyoutoknowtheChinesepoetry.→Whatsmore,inordertoh
avemuchknowledgeofChineseculture,itisofgreatimportanceforyoutoknowtheChinesepoetry.(3)单词与短语巧妙互用一般情况下短语优先,应多使用词组、习语来代替一些单词,以增
加文采。但有时单词比短语更生动,可以“一词传神”。①Consequently,someviewersbegantoturnawayfromcinemas,causingaslowergrowth.→Asaconsequence,someviewersbegantoturnawayfrom
cinemas,leadingtoaslowergrowth.(2017江苏)②Iwouldliketoinviteyoutojoinourschooltabletennisteam,sinceyouliketabletennis.→Iwouldlik
etoinviteyoutojoinourschooltabletennisteam,sinceyouarefondoftabletennis.(2017全国Ⅲ)③Ithinkeveryonehereisamemberofourb
igfamilyandwelearnalotfromeachother.→Inmyopinion,everyonehereisamemberofourbigfamilyandwelearnalotfromeachother.(2016天津)④Iwanttote
llyousomethingaboutmyplanforthesummervacationandIdlikeyoutohelpme.→Iwanttotellyousomethingaboutmyp
lanforthesummervacationandIdlikeyoutodomeafavor.(2016全国Ⅰ)⑤Weshouldtrytoimproveourselvesthroughlearn
ingandprepareforthefuture.→Weshouldtakepainstoimproveourselvesthroughlearningandgetpreparedforthefuture.(2015福
建)(4)尽量用高级阶段学到的词代替低级阶段学到的词①Firstly,whatIwanttostressisthatwearegoingtohaveournextlessoninClassroom208,TeachingBuilding
8at10amnextFriday.→Tostartwith,whatIintendtostressisthatwearegoingtohaveournextlessoninClassroom208,TeachingBuilding8
at10amnextFriday.(2017全国Ⅰ)②YoushouldknowaboutthehistoryoftheTangDynastyaheadoftime.→Youaresupposedtoknowabouttheh
istoryoftheTangDynastyinadvance.(2017全国Ⅰ)③Whatsworse,somedrivers,cyclistsandpedestriansdonotthinkitimportanttoobeytrafficrules.→Whatswo
rse,somedrivers,cyclistsandpedestriansdonotthinkitvitaltoobeytrafficrules.(2015江苏)2.句式要“高”,句子要“鲜”句式单一、缺乏生气的文章,哪怕无任何错误
也不可能得高分。考生在写作时应多运用一些高级句式和复合句,并注意句式的灵活多变,让文章读起来抑扬顿挫,让自己深厚的语言功底得以体现,从而得高分。(1)增加亮点的定语从句定语从句的应用可以非常有效地提升表达档次,在写作中如果我们可以把两个简单句合并为一个含定
语从句的复合句,就是从低级到高级的表达。①WearetomeetonSundaymorninginthePeoplesPark.InthePeoplesParktheairisfreshandthes
ceneryisbeautiful.→WearetomeetonSundaymorninginthePeoplesPark,wheretheairisfreshandthesceneryisbeautif
ul.②Besides,IadviseyoutogotothelibrarytoborrowahistorybookandlearnthehistoryoftheTangDynastyinadvance.
Itcanhelpyoubetterunderstandthepoemstobelearned.→Besides,IadviseyoutogotothelibrarytoborrowahistorybookandlearnthehistoryoftheTangDyna
styinadvance,whichcanhelpyoubetterunderstandthepoemstobelearned.(2)吸引眼球的状语从句在英语写作中,状语从句也经常用到,它的灵活运用使作
文更具吸引力。①Severaldayslater,whenthevideowasplayedonthegraduationceremony,itwaswellreceived.(2017北京)②Ifyoulike,youcanalsojoininpaper⁃cutting.(2017全国Ⅱ
)③Wedidsowellthatwewereinvitedtoshareourideaandexperiencewithallthestudentsofourschool.(2016北京)(3)提升档次的名词性从句①WhatIwanttostressisthatIhaveal
readybeenavolunteerforthe13thNationalGames,whichwillbeheldattheendofAugustinTianjin.(主语从句,表语从句)(2017天津)②ThatswhyIthinkthetripalongtheYa
ngtzeRiverwillbeabetterchoice.(表语从句)(2017北京)(4)在写作中我们如果能够把两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句,或者把一个简单句扩展成为含有名词性从句的复合句,对写作都是一种质的升华①Hesaidalotatthemeeting.Hiswordswe
reveryattractive.→Whathesaidatthemeetingwasveryattractive.②WiththehelpofHanMeimei,youcanlearnhowtomakeChinesekn
ots,withoutdoubt.→WiththehelpofHanMeimei,theresnodoubtthatyoucanlearnhowtomakeChineseknots.(5)常用8大句式,考场驾轻就熟
1)在写作中,我们可以通过强调句型将句子提高到一个新的层次①Theteacherspraisecontributestomysuccess.→Itistheteacherspraisethatcontributestomysuccess
.专题十九
书面表达129②Itwaswithsincerityandfaithfulnessthatwecreatedaharmoniousatmosphere.③Itsnotwhatdifficultieswemeetonceinawhilethatshapedou
rlives,butwhatattitudeswetaketofacethem.2)在写作中应用倒装句使文章更加精彩①Visitingthisexhibition,notonlywillweenjoythef
olkartworks,butalsowewilllearnalot.②Onlyinthiswaycanwestudentsstudyhappilyandeffectively.③SoexcitedwasIthatIcouldntwaittotrym
yhandatriding.④Inthatpicture,aroundthetablewiththreebooksonitsitthreestudents.3)省略句的应用可以使句子更简洁、明快①As(itis)scheduled,weparticipatedinseveralinstructiv
eactivities.②While(wewere)visitingtheartexhibition,wediscussedthegreatartistsworks.③If(itis)not,letmeknowwhattimesuitsyoub
est.4)写作中虚拟语气的使用可以使表达更委婉,更具可读性①IwishthatyoucouldgraspthisopportunitytolearntraditionalChineseculture.②IfonlyIcouldgobackandresetmygoals.③Tomaster
Mandarin,Istronglysuggestyou(should)practicewithChinesepeople.④Itishightimethatbothchildrenandparentstook/sho
uldtakeactiontomakesmallchanges.5)写作中非谓语动词的应用标志着写作水平上升了一个档次①Tolearnitbetter,youaresupposedtoknowaboutthehistoryoftheTangDynast
yinadvance.②SoImwritingtoyou,hopingtogetyourguideandsuggestions.③AweekbeforeEarthDay,posterswereputuparoundourschool,callinguponustojoininthea
ctionsforagreenerearth.(2016北京)④Facedwithdifficulties,weneedfriendstogiveuscomfortandhelp.⑤Iamsureitisworthwhiletolearnthepoemswrittenin
theTangDynastywithyou.⑥TheexhibitionwillbeheldintheCityMuseum,locatedinthenorthofourcity.⑦Ourclasscameupwiththeideatomakebetteruseofusedma
terials.(2016北京)6)with复合结构可以使句子简洁紧凑WithEnglishwordsgettingpopularinbothmediaanddailylife,aChinesedictionaryh
asincluded239ofthem.7)用连词把两个或两个以上的简单句或并列成分连接起来,使句子更加简洁①Itisbeneficialtosomepeople,whileitputsothersintoadil
emmaoverwhethertovoteornot.(2016江苏)②Bydoingso,Icannotonlysharegoodideaswithothersbutalsolearntoexpressmyselfclearly.(2015浙江)③Tobeh
onest,voterssometimesfeelannoyed,notbecausetheyhatevoting,butbecausetheyaredividedbetweenemotionandfairness.(2016江苏)8)it的应用可以使句子结构更平衡,更符合
英语表达习惯①Everyoneinoursocietyshouldhelpthoseinneed,butitismoreimportanttobesincereandearnest.(2016江苏)②Itisevery
bodysdutytoobservethemtokeepoursocietyinorderandgoingontherighttrack.(2015江苏)③Iconsideritquiteinterestingtolearnthepoemswritte
nintheTangDynastywithyou.④Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldreplytomeatyourearliestconvenience.3.顺势承上启下,巧妙转折过渡(1
)承行文时有效地使用语句间的连接成分巧妙地衔接过渡,使文章流畅自然,是考生书面表达得高分的必备条件。表示“承”的词汇常用于承接主题句或第一个扩展句。常用词汇及表达有:besides,inaddition,whatsmore,furthermore,moreover,even,what
sworse,stillless,tomakemattersworse,worsestill,notonly...butalso...(递进、增补与引申),forexample,inotherwords,asamatteroffact,actually,namely,suchas(解释与说明),
especially,particularly,obviously(强调),thanksto,owingto,asaresult,consequently,thus,therefore(因果),meanwhile,atthesametime,next,l
ast/finally/eventually,firstofall,afterwards(顺序)等。Also,doletmeknowifyouneedmoreinformation.Secondly,weshouldgetupearlytomemorizeidiomsandusefule
xpressions.Obviously,agoodlearninghabitcanhelpustospeeduptoreachourdestinations.Whatsmore,goodbookscanhel
pustodevelopgoodcharacters.Inaddition,weshouldntneglectthateveryonewantsafriendlyandpeacefulsociety.Meanwhile/Atthesametime,Iwillregarditasmydutyto
keepourenvironmentcleanandhealthy.TakeBeijingforexample,itisoneoftheoldestcitiesintheworld.Whatismoreseriousisthatwedontcherishwi
ldlife.AsfarasIamconcerned,theystandforlove,friendshipandunity.Firstly,Imwonderingifyoucanhelpaddsomecontents,Besides,ifthe
rearesomemistakesinthem,Ihopeyoucancorrectthem.Lastly,Iattachsomematerialswhoseformathadbetterbechangedandhopeyoucanhelp.(2016全国
Ⅰ)Worsestill,Idontevenknowmuchabouttheformatofapersonalresume.(2016全国Ⅰ)Besides,IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishthatIamelectedasassistanttomyE
nglishteacher.(2015陕西)Inaddition,IamChinese,whichmeansMandarinisamustformetocommunicatewithothersinmydailyl
ife.(2015四川)1305年高考3年模拟B版(教
师用书)Soonafterwards,asecondentrancewasopenedtotheparkingplace.(2014北京)Moreover,itseemsthathealwaysthinksmoreofhimselfthanofothers.(2014重庆)Worsestill,I
tookmanyfallsoffthebike.(2014福建)Second,gooutdoorsandplayteamgameswithyourfriendsasphysicalexerciseisaneff
ectivewaytogetridofanger.(2014安徽)(2)转表示“转”的词汇常用来表示不同或相反的意见或情况。1)常见词汇及表达but,yet,however,while,otherwise,or(else),onthecontrary,contrar
yto,foronething...foranother...,ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...,inanycase,though,although,as,evenif
/though,despite,inspiteof,regardlessof,instead,nevertheless,still,afterall等。ButunfortunatelyImindmyownbusinesswithoutcon
sideringmyparents.However,notuntilthematchwasoverdidwerealizethatwebecametheloser.Ontheotherhand,onlineshoppingalsohasmanydisadvantages.Onthecon
trary,thevolunteersalwaysclaimthattheyaretiredofthelifeonearth.ContrarytowhatIhadoriginallysaid,thetripturn
edouttobefun.Butrulesalonedontsecureanorderlysociety.However,whatamazesyoumostisthefollowingnewfunction.(2014湖南)Otherwisewe�
�llhavetoanswerforourselfishnesssoonerorlater.Butnow,becausemyleftfootwasinjured,Icannotgowithyouasplanned.(2014北京)Onthecontrary,smartphone
snotonlytakeupourvaluabletime,butalsodogreatharmtoourhealth.2)中间段常用句子①我完全同意……这种观点(陈述),主要理由如下:Ifullyagreewiththestatementthat...,mainlybecause.
..②但是,我认为这不是解决……的好方法。比如……。最糟糕的是……。ButIdontthinkitisaverygoodwaytosolve...Forexample...Worstofall,...③……对我们国
家的发展是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,……。而且,……。最重要的是……。...isnecessaryandimportanttoourcountrysdevelopment.Firstly,...Whatsmore,...Mostimportantly,...④有
几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先,我们可以……。Thereareseveralmeasuresforustoadopt.Firstly,wecan...⑤面临……,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面,……;另一方面,……。Facedwith...,weshouldtakeas
eriesofeffectivemeasuresto...Foronething,...;foranother,...⑥早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……,另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。Itishightimethatsomethingwasdoneabouti
t.Forexample,...Inaddition,...Allthesemeasureswillcertainly...⑦为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总的来说,……的主要原因在于……。Why...?The
firstreasonisthat...;thesecondreasonisthat...;thethirdis...Allinall,themaincauseof...isthat...⑧然而,正如任何事物都有
好坏两个方面一样,……也有它不利的一面,像……。However,justlikeeverythinghasbothgoodandbadsides,...alsohasitsowndisadvantages,suchas...⑨尽管如此,我相信……更有利。Nonetheless,Ibelieve
that...ismoreadvantageous.【即学即用2】阅读下面短文,选择适当的过渡词填空。aboveall,besides,meanwhile,foronething,foranother,
personally,inaword,thereforeRecently,ithasbeenagreatpublicconcernthatthestudentslackself⁃protectionawareness.Thereisalackofsocialexperie
nceamongstudentsand①learninghowtoprotectourselvesisofgreatsignificancetousall.②,securitycomesfirst.Withoutsecurity,wecanachievenoth
ingandcannotliveuptoourparentsexpectations.③,protectingourselvescontributestothehealthydevelopmentofusstudents,whichisassociatedwiththeh
appinessofeveryfamily.④,italsohelpstobuildamoreharmonioussociety.⑤,inordertoprotectusstudents,⑥,weshouldstreng
thenoursecurityawareness.⑦,whenaccidentsoccur,weshouldcalmdownandturntoteachersorparentsforhelp.Thegovernmentalsop
laysaleadingroleinprotectingstudents.⑧,onlybythecombinedeffortsofeverysideinvolvedcanweliveandstudyinharmony.答案①therefore②Foronething③Foranother
④Meanwhile⑤Personally⑥aboveall⑦Besides⑧Inaword第三段合:画龙点睛结束语———照应开头和主题表示“合”的词汇常用于小结段落中上文的内容,引导最后一个扩展句或引导结尾句表示段落的结束。1.常见
词汇finally,lastbutnotleast,inshort,inbrief,inconclusion,ina/oneword,tosumup,allinall,onthewhole,ingeneral
等。Allinall,travellingisthebestchoicetorechargeourselvesandgetreadyforthenewchallenges.Inconclusion,agoodcitizenshouldobservetrafficregulations.Onthew
hole,Ifindabikemoreenjoyablethanamotorcycle.Inaword,successisimportant,andsoisfailure,becauseitsthemotherofsuccess.Tosumup,envir
onmentalprotectionisofgreatimportance,whichcanmakeuslivemorecomfortablyandhealthily.
专题十九书面表达1312.常用句式Idappreciateitifyoucoulddeliverthemassoonaspos
sible.Itishightimethatwedidsomethingtopreventtheenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.Onlywithcombinedeffortscanwe
expectourhometowntotakeonanewlookinthenearfuture.Wecan,therefore,cometotheconclusionthatnothingissopreciousaspeaceintheworld.From
whathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaydrawtheconclusionthatyoumusthaveself⁃confidenceifyouwanttoachievesomething.FromthisexperienceIhav
elearntthatquestioningcanserveasabridgethathelpsustoseekthetruth.(2015湖北)Iwillbegratefulifyoucouldgivemeakindconsideration.(2015陕西)Inshort,notonlyh
astheinclusionpoisonedChinese,itmayalsobringaboutdistancebetweentheChinesepeople.(2014江苏)Inaword,mylifewillbemuchricherandmorecolorful.(2014全国Ⅱ)Il
lbegladifyoucanconsidermyrecommendation.(2014浙江)3.一般文体的结尾句(1)总而言之,整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样,我们才能在将来……。Inaword,thewholesocietyshouldpaycloseat
tentiontotheproblemof...Onlyinthiswaycanwe...inthefuture.(2)但是,……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如,……,而……。然而,把这两者相比较,我更倾向于(喜欢)
……。But...and...havetheirownadvantages.Forexample...,while...Comparingthiswiththat,however,Iprefer...(3)就我个人而言,我相信……。因此,我坚信美好
的未来正等着我们,因为……。Personally,Ibelievethat...Asaconsequence,Imconfidentthatabrightfutureisawaitingusbecause...(4)随着社会的发展,…
…。因此,迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿意为社会贡献出自己的一份力量,这个社会会变得越来越好。Withthedevelopmentofsociety,...Soitsurgentandnecessaryto...Ifeveryoneiswillingtocontrib
utetosociety,itwillbebetterandbetter.(5)在我看来,……很有必要……。原因如下:第一,……。第二,……。最后但同样重要的是,……。Inmyopinion,itisnecessaryto...Thereason
sareasfollows.Firstly,...Secondly,...Lastbutnotleast,...(6)在总体上很难说……是好还是坏,因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而,就我个人而言……。Itisdifficult
tosaywhether...isgoodornotingeneralasitdependslargelyonthesituationof...However,frommypointofview...(7)综上所述,我
们可以清楚地得出结论……。Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayclearlyarriveattheconclusionthat...(8)如果我们不能采取有效的措施,可能就控制不了这
种趋势,进而会出现一些意想不到的后果。所以,我们应该做的是……。Ifwecannottakeeffectivemeasures,wemaynotcontrolthistrend,andsomeundesirableresult
smaycomeoutunexpectedly,sowhatweshoulddois...4.书信的结束语书信的结束语,我们见到最多的是“Imlookingforwardto.../Lookingforwardto...”。另外,我们还可以使用一些功
能句式,向对方表示感谢或亲切的问候,表达愿望或期待等。除了“Imlookingforwardto...”之外,常用的结束语还有:求职信可说:①Iwouldbegratefulifyouwouldconsidermyapplication.②Ihopetohavetheoppo
rtunityofaninterview.咨询信可说:Imwaitingforyourearlyreply.感谢信可说:①Imustthankyouagainforyourgeneroushelp.②Plea
seacceptmygratitude,nowandalways.建议信可说:①Intheend,Iwillbeverygladifyoufindmysuggestionsuseful.②Ihopeyouwillfindthesesuggestion
spractical.③Illappreciateyoutakingmysuggestionintoaccount.投诉信可说:Idappreciateitifyou...assoonaspossi
ble.邀请信可说:①IdohopeyoucanrevisitTianjinsomeday.(2017天津)②Imlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.(2017全国Ⅱ)③Iwouldap
preciateitifyoucouldtakethetroubletodosomuchforme.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.(2016全国Ⅰ)④Hopetohearfromyouso
on.(2016全国Ⅱ)⑤AndIsincerelyhopeourfriendshiplastsforever.Wishyouallthebest!(2016天津)⑥Lookingforwardtoyourreply.(2015全国Ⅱ)⑦Iwillbegrate
fulifyoucouldgivemeakindconsideration.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.(2015陕西)⑧Ifyoucouldprovidemorespecificinformation,Iwouldbewellgratefu
l.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.(2015重庆)【即学即用3】1.(总之),changesinourlifeinthepasttwentyyearshavebroughtuscomfortandconvenience.2.(确实到了……的时候了)we
tooksomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.3.(我们可以得出一个结论)oursocietyisprogressingandpeoplearelivingabetterlifethaneverbefore.4.(我从这次经历中学到)beingcarefulisve
ryimportantandthatwecantbetoocareful,especiallyinexaminations.5.(2015安徽)(最后),Iwouldliketoaskafewquestionsabouthispersonallife,whichmustbeveryint
eresting.答案1.Inaword/Inshort/Inbrief/Inconclusion2.Itshightimethat3.Wecandrawaconclusionthat4.Fromth
eexperience,Ilearnedthat5.Finally
1325年高考3年模拟B版(教师用书)(2017课标全国Ⅰ)假定你是李华,正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包
括:1.时间和地点;2.内容:学习唐诗;3.课前准备:简要了解唐朝的历史。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。【三步三段】第一步审题谋篇1.体裁:电子邮件/书信2.人称:第一人称3.时态:以一般将来时为主体时态4.主
题:告知Leslie下次上课的计划5.布局谋篇:第一段:写信目的第二段:具体建议第三段:表达期望第二步罗列要点1.上课的时间、地点2.上课的内容:学习唐诗3.课前要求:简要了解唐朝的历史4.期望5.衔接过渡:atfirst,besides
第三步遣词造句1.我写信是想告诉你下节课的安排———周五在六号教学楼602教室学习唐诗。2.为了下节课更好地理解要学的唐诗,你需要做一些准备。3.首先,阅读关于唐诗的一些材料。了解唐诗在中国文学中的地位。4.你可以阅读李白和
杜甫的名篇。5.此外,了解唐朝的历史有助于你更好地理解要学的唐诗的背景。6.我很高兴能给勤奋的你上课,期盼你的早日回复和周五的会面。Onepossibleversion:DearLeslie,Iamw
ritingtoinformyouofourcoursescheduleofournextclass,whichisaboutpoetryoftheTangDynasty.WewillhaveitthisFriday,inClassroom602,Building
6.Inordertolearnitbetter,youneedtodothefollowingthingsbeforethenextclass.Atfirst,pleasereadsomematerialsaboutpoetryoftheTangDynasty,whichplaysanex
tremelysignificantroleinourliterature.Youcanfindsomeoriginalpoemsoffamouspoets,suchasLiBaiandDuFu.Besides,k
nowingthehistoryoftheTangDynastywillbeofgreatbenefitforyoutounderstandthebackgroundofthepoems.YouaresodiligentandIamgladtoteachyo
u.Isincerelylookforwardtoournextclassandyourreply.Yours,LiHua清单二高考常见命题形式(一)提纲类作文命题特点(1)常以短文提示、要点提示等形式呈现。(2)写作内容用文字的形式呈现,明确了写作范围和考生
的表达思路。这几年的变化在于开放性逐步增强,要求考生不能逐条翻译,可以适当增加细节和自由发挥,表达自己的观点等。(3)考查形式多样,常见形式有书信、欢迎词、演讲稿、通知等应用文,兼顾说明文、议论文和记叙文等其他文体。(2014辽宁)假定你是学生会主席李华。
学校将举办一次以“校园生活·创意无限”(InnovationsonCampus)为主题的创意作品展评活动。请你根据以下图示,以短文形式用英语写一份书面通知。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当发挥,以使行文连贯;3.开头及结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。参考词汇:校园campus创意作品i
nnovation颁奖prize⁃givingNoticeAnexcitingevent“InnovationsonCampus”isaroundthecorner.StudentUnion[写作提示]1.本文属于应用文———通知。主体时态:一般现在时和一般将来时。2.内容
要点:围绕主题为“校园生活·创意无限”的创意作品展评活动进行书写,内容需要包括图画所显示的所有内容,如:主题、作品、时间、地点等,也可适当发挥,以使行文连贯。�
�专题十九书面表达133Onepossibleversion:NoticeAnexcitingevent“Innovationso
nCampus”isaroundthecorner.Everyoneofyouisexpectedtobepartoftheeventwhichencouragescreativemindsandgive
sfullplaytoyourDIYskills.Notethatyourinnovationsmustbeschoolthings.Alongwithyourwonderfulinnovation,youneedtohandinareport,explaininghowtheideaoccur
stoyouandwhatmaterialsyouuse.AllthecollectionswillbeonshowfromJune16to18inthegym.Lookingforwardtotheprize⁃
givingceremony?Sure!Itllbeheldfrom15:00to17:00onJune18.Sodontmissthechanceofbeingthewinner.Yourcontributionwillcertainlymakethee
ventahugesuccess.Foranyquestions,callLiHuaat44876655.Comeon,everybody!Itsyourshowtime.StudentUnion(二)图表类作文1.命题特点(1)体裁多以记叙文、议论文和说明文为主。就内容而言,可以写观察到的内
容,也可以根据合理想象适当进行发挥来补充一些内容。就表达方式而言,可以单纯地理解、说明,也可以在说明中加以描写、叙述。(2)题目一般要求学生通过图表中的数据和信息提示点明主题,写一篇短文,包括叙述一个故事,或通过几幅相关的图
画说明某个问题或得出结论。(3)主要考查学生三方面的能力:看图、识图、信息处理、整合信息的能力;遣词造句的能力;连句成篇的能力。2.解题关键(1)认真读图。仔细观察,理解图表的真正含义。(2)把握要点。在读图的基础上,全面掌握信息,着手分析这些信息或数据,通过分析对比,确定表达要点。(3)明
确主题。图表作文常常需要开门见山,直接点明图表要反映的主题。(4)灵活表达。要注意变换叙述的方式,使用不同的词语及句式。(5)感想适度。此类作文往往围绕主题展开合理的想象,发表自己的联想或感想。(6)照应总结。文章结尾既是对上文内容的概括提升,又要根据自己的观点提出建议
或者发表评论,应该照应上文,呼应全篇。3.常用模板模板一:Fromthepicture/Inthepicture/Lookingatthepicture,wecanseeitsaboutapersonwho(人物).Its(时间或地点).He
/Sheis/Theyaredoing(事件).Somethingoccurstome(漫画中人物)should(个人观点)andshouldnt(个人观点).Asweallknow,atpresent/inthesocietymo
stpeople(联系生活实际).Besides,somepeople(继续议论).Inmyopinion,thegovernment/theschool/weshouldtakemeasuresto/somethin
gmustbedoneto(采取措施).Onlyinthiswaycantheproblembereallysolved./Onlywheneverybodycandosowillourworldbecomemore
andmorebeautiful.模板二:Asisshowninthetable/picture,hasbeenontheincrease/decrease,significantly/dramaticallyrisin
g/decreasingfromintoin.Fromthissharprise/declineinchart,itgoeswithoutsayingthat.Thereareatleasttwogoodreasonsaccountingfor.Ontheonehand,.Onth
eotherhand,isduetothefactthat.Inaddition,isresponsiblefor.Maybetherearesomeotherreasonstoshow.Butitisgenerallybelievedthatthereasonsmention
edabovearecommonlyconvincing.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iholdthepointofviewthat.Iamsuremyopinionisbothsoundandwellgrounded.
(三)开放类作文1.命题特点(1)开放类作文是一种比传统的“书面表达”限制更少、留给考生自由发挥空间更多的书面表达题型。在给出相应的命题后,一般不提供具体的内容要点,有时甚至不提供具体的情景或不对文章的体裁进行限制,因此考生自由发挥的空间较大。(2)命题一般侧重两种文体:记叙文或
议论文。(3)与传统的“书面表达”相比,这种“开放类作文”对学生构思、表达、写作以及语句的组织应用能力的要求更高。2.解题关键(1)认真审题。即审语境、审人称、审时态。(2)紧扣主题。根据给出的主题或自己确定的主题展开写作。(3)详略得当。对于开放类作文,一定把握
好文章的主题,做到有主次之分,详略得当。(4)逻辑清晰。要求做到逻辑清晰、表达得体、语言准确。3.常用模板(1)提供建议型Imgladtoreceiveyourletteraskingformyadviceon
howto(书信主题).Hereareafewsuggestions.First,itisimportantto(第一件应该做的事情).Then,italsohelpsto(第二件应该做的事情).Besides,itshouldbeagoodideato(第三
件应该做的事情).Youcanalso(第四件要做的事情).(这样做的好处).Bestwishes.(2)释疑解惑型Asa(作者身份),Iunderstandyoursituation.Theproblemyouarefacingiscommona
mongteenagers/students.However,(作者的基本看法或观点).Hereareafewsuggestions.First,(第一个建议).(这样做的理由).Second,(第二个建议).(这样做的理由).Hopeyougetbettersoonandmak
egreatprogress.(3)主题演讲型Ladiesandgentlemen,TodayIwilltalkabout(演讲主题).Asyouknow,therearemanyadvantagesof(演讲主题).Firsto
fall,(分要点一,展开一句或两句).Besides,(分要点二,展开一句或两句).Lastbutnotleast,(分要点三,展开一句或两句).Inaword(Inmyopinion/Personally),(重申主题/总结主题).(4)阐述谚语/名言型本题型就是要求从一句话或一个主题出发
,按照提纲的要求进行论述。其基本结构就是:第一段阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义;第二段分析并举例使其更充实;最后表明自己的立场。�
�1345年高考3年模拟B版(教师用书)模板:Thegoodsaying“”(名言或谚语)remindsus
that(释义).Indeed,wecanlearnmanythingsfromit.Firstofall,(理由一).Forexample,(举例说明).Secondly,(理由二).Anothercaseistha
t(举例说明).Furthermore,(理由三).Inmyopinion,(我的观点).Inshort,whateveryoudo,pleaserememberthesaying“”(这句名言或谚语).
Ifyouunderstanditandapplyittoyourstudyorwork,youllnecessarilybenefitalotfromit.(2014山东)某英文报社组织主题为“我喜欢的英语谚语”征文活动,你有意参加。请从下面两句谚语中任选一句作为标题写一篇英语作文,
内容须包括:1.该谚语的含义;2.体现该谚语含义的个人经历。①Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.②Wheretheresawill,theresaway.注意:1.词数:120—150;2.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。参考词汇:谚语proverbOnepo
ssibleversion:Wherethereisawill,thereisawayIfirstsawthissentencewhenIenteredjuniorhighschool.ThemomentIcameintotheclassroom,Isa
wthesentenceontheblackboard.Iliketheproverbbecauseittellsavaluablephilosophyoflife.Achievingourgoalsisalwaysnoteasy,butifweha
veastrongwill,wearesuretorealizethem.OnceIwasnotverygoodatEnglish.IdidntknowenoughEnglishwordsandmygrammarwasalsopoor,whichreallymademeupset.F
ortunately,myEnglishteachernoticedmybadsituationandsaidtome,“Dontloseheart.Remember:wherethereisawill,the
reisaway.”SuddenlyIwasremindedofthesentenceontheblackboard!Fromthenon,IdecidedtoworkhardonmyEnglishanditfi
nallypaidoff.MyEnglishimprovedalotand,moreimportantly,Igainedmuchconfidence.�
�对应学生用书起始页码P3271.合理谋篇布局。根据逻辑关系对材料的要点进行组合、调整。有效地使用语句间的衔接词和过渡词,使全文结构紧凑、连贯、流畅,给人以行云流水的感觉。2.运用较复杂的句子结构。尽量使用
复合句,使用变化多样的句式,如疑问句、祈使句、倒装句、省略句;使用非谓语动词、强调句型和其他固定句型。3.尽可能使用高级词汇和地道的表达。4.强化系统训练和限时训练。高考书面表达题考查考生运用语言的基本功,不可能一蹴而就。这就从客观上要求我们的训练一要循序渐进,二要限时完成。�
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