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第三部分写作专题十八阅读表达对应学生用书起始页码P302阅读表达=阅读理解+书面表达。要求在理解短文内容的基础上,按照题目要求用简洁的英语以书面形式表达出自己的观点。阅读表达属于主观题。它能综合考查考生语言概括能力、信息捕捉能力、预测推断能
力以及自主创新能力。它既考查考生的理解能力,又考查考生的英语表达能力,同时其开放性也给予考生一个非常广阔的思维空间和表达空间。一、细节表达题题目要求:捕捉并理解具体信息,结合文中某个具体问题进行回答。设问形式:通常基于文章用what、why、how等特殊疑问词进行提问。
答题技巧:解该类题时,首先要明确问题问的是什么,然后根据题干中的关键词快速准确地在文章中定位信息句,结合信息句的具体依据进行回答,答案是固定的、唯一的。常见的回答方式有:①Why→Because...;②What→句子、名词或v.⁃ing形式;③列举→名词、v.⁃i
ng形式;④How→Bydoing...。(2017天津夏)[4]Once,afteratriptoHollywood,IreturnedtoAustraliasodepressedandspentmonthsinmybedroompain
ting,listeningtoEckhartTollesmusicandtryingtofindmyselfagain.Dadsatmedownandsaid,“Alice,Iknowitshard,butitsallaboutpersiste
nce(坚持不懈).”[5]NowIgettoworkwithDadalot,whichIlove.Wearebothpassionateaboutacting,whichcomesfromusbeingsointe
restedinpeople.IfitwerentforDad,IwouldntbewhereIamtoday.Hesmybiggestfan,andwhenyouhavethatinyour
lifeyoucangoalongway.58.WhatdidAlicesfatherdowhenshefeltdepressed?(nomorethan5words)答案Heencouraged/co
mforted/inspiredher.细节表达题。由第四段中的Dadsatmedownandsaid,“Alice,Iknowitshard,butitsallaboutpersistence.”可知,在Alice感到沮丧时,父亲坐下来和她谈心,给她以
安慰与鼓励。59.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatdoAliceandherfatherhaveincommon?(nomorethan10words)答案Theyarebothpassionateaboutactingandintere
stedinpeople.细节表达题。由尾段中的Wearebothpassionateaboutacting,whichcomesfromusbeingsointerestedinpeople.可知答案。(2014天津)[1]LastDecember,Dor
isLowturned90.OnceaweekshestilldrivestotheCanadianNationalInstitutefortheBlind(CNIB)inToronto,whereshehelpstransformliteratureintobraille(盲文)tobri
ngthepowerofstoryandknowledgetotheheartsandmindsofblindreaders.Shehasbeenvolunteeringhertimeandtalentstosuchenterprisesformorethan40years.56.Wh
atdoesLowstilldoattheageof90attheCNIB?(nomorethan10words)答案Shehelpstransformliteratureintobraille(forblindreaders/theblind).细节表达题。由首段第二句中的...wher
eshehelpstransformliteratureintobraille(盲文)tobringthepowerofstoryandknowledgetotheheartsandmindsofblin
dreaders.可知答案。二、主旨表达题题目要求:概括短文或文中某一段的大意。设问形式:Whatsthemainideaofthepassage/Paragraph...?Whatisthepassagem
ainlyabout?答题技巧:分清主旨和细节,善于查找文章中的主题段、主题句、关键词和核心词。解该类题时,注意一要紧扣能够体现文章或段落主旨的关键词,二要语言简洁。常用的回答形式有:①名词短语/v.⁃ing短语;②What/How/Whether+从
句/Todo...;③Why...。(2017天津春)[4]Ilearnedthatvolunteerismisnotaone⁃wayactofhelpingsomeonelessfortunate.Involvementinthelifeofanotherperso
nhasenrichedmylifeaswell.Seeinghowpeopledealwiththechallengesoftheirliveshastaughtmevaluablelessonsincourageanddign
ity.ManyofthepeoplewhomIhavemetasavolunteerareanunforgettablepartofmylife.PerhapsIreceivedfarmorethanI
evergave.59.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4?(nomorethan10words)答案Theauthorlearnedthatvolunteerismisnotaone⁃wayact.Or:Theauthorlearnedthatvolunteeri
smisatwo⁃wayact.Or:Theauthorhasbenefitedalotfromvolunteerism/hisvolunteerwork.段落主旨题。由段落首句Ilearnedthatvolunteerismisnotaone⁃
wayactofhelpingsomeonelessfortunate.可知答案。
专题十八阅读表达123三、推断表达题题目要求:依据文中信息推理或判断。推断表达题包含两个方面的内容,一是对文中的具体内容作出推理和判断;二是推测作者的意图、观点、态度。设题形式:Whatsthepurposeofthete
xt?Forwhatpurposedoestheauthormention...inParagraph...?Whatdoestheauthorreallymeanbysaying...?Whatkindofattitudedoestheauthorhavetowardsthequestion
?Whatdoes...imply?Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?答题技巧:首先要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的线索;其次,要对文字的表面信息进行由表及里的挖掘加工,不能就事论事,断章取义,以偏
概全。要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,立足已知,推断未知。既不能主观臆想,也不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。最重要的是把握句子间和段落间的逻辑关系,了解语篇结构,体会文章的基调,把握逻辑发展的方向,悟出作者的弦外之音,揣摩出作者的态度。回答要紧扣
题目,语言既要完整,又要简洁,不要超过规定词数。常用的回答形式有:①Totell/show/informusthat...;②Togiveususefultips/adviceonhowto...;③Toencourage/persu
adeustodo...;④简短句子。(2014上海)[6]Corporatesocialresponsibilityisnowseenasamainstream.Bigcompanieswanttotelltheworldabouttheirgoodcitizensh
ipwiththeirdevotiontosocialresponsibilities.Donebadly,CSRisoftenjustwindow⁃dressingandcanbepositivelyharmful.Donewell,though,it
isnotsomeseparateactivitythatcompaniesdoontheside,acornerofcorporatelifereservedforvirtue(美德):itisjustgoodbusines
s.81.Accordingtothepassage,“goodbusiness”(Paragraph6)meansthatcorporationswhilemakingprofits.答案takesoc
ialresponsibilities推断表达题。根据本段第一句“Corporatesocialresponsibilityisnowseenasamainstream.”可知,承担社会责任是这些公司很重视的问题,不仅仅要创造利润,还要
承担自己的社会责任。(2014山东)[5]However,onethinghastobegotrightforanysolutiontosucceed.Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving,wemustgi
vethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.Constantdelays,unannouncedchangestothetimetableandsuddencancellationsalldiscouragepeoplefromusingp
ublictransport.Peoplewillonlyseeitasarealchoiceifthebusesandtrainsareontime.70.WhyarepeopleunwillingtousepublictransportaccordingtoPara
graph5?(nomorethan8words)答案Becausepublictransportisnotreliable/satisfactory.推断表达题。由该段中列举的公共交通的不足之处可推知答案。四、猜词表达题题目要求:根据上下文内容解释某个画线生词、短语或句子
的含义。设问形式:Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinedword/phrase/partinthe...paragraph/Paragraph...?Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthe...paragraphmean?答题技
巧:结合主旨大意、整合上下文语境信息进行猜测,还要利用同义或者反义关系、构词法及语篇文脉关系等理解猜测其含义。有些题目需要对较大的上下文范围进行理解,甚至通过理解整个语篇才能进行猜测判断。常用的回答形式有:①同义的单词;②完整的简短句子。1.
根据上下文语境理解句子含义(2017天津夏)[2]Onetimeataparty,Idranktoomuchalcoholandgotsosick.Isaid,“Callmydad.”Nextthing,Dad
wascarryingmetothecar.Iwokeupthenextmorning,thinkingIwoulddefinitelybecriticised.Asexpected,Igotaroasting,butInowun
derstandwhyIneededdiscipline.57.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mean?(nomorethan5words)答案Igot/wascriticised/scolded.根据前面的“t
hinkingIwoulddefinitelybecriticised”和“Asexpected”以及后面“whyIneededdiscipline”的暗示可知答案。(2016天津)[3]Igotmynextlessonfromrockclimbing.Itwasaf
unthingbutIwasscaredfromthestart.Isoonnoticeditwasntatalentthing;itwaspractice.SoIdiditmore.Afteraboutfiveyearsofclimbing,Ifoundmyself
inYosemiteValleyonabigwall.Ilearnedthatifyoufallinlovewithsomethinganddoitallthetime,youwillgetbetteratit.[4]LaterIdeci
dedtoapplymypreviousexperiencetolearninghowtoreadandwrite.EverydayIpracticedreadingandwriting,whichIusedtoavoidasmuchaspossible.Aftertwohardyears
,Iwasliterate.59.WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartinParagraph4?(Nomorethan5words)答案Icouldreadandwrite.作者刚学攀岩时很害怕,经过不断的练习,他开始
变得擅长它。同样,由于自身缺陷,他一开始回避读写,通过每天练习,他最终学会了读写。2.根据释义猜测词义借助画线词后面破折号所给出的解释、同位语、定语从句等来确定词义。如果生词在文中直接被句子或段落解释,理解句子或段落本身就能推断出词义。构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号、冒号
、破折号和小括号等连接;定语从句在文中起着解释和说明的作用,据此我们可以推断出它所修饰的词的含义。(2014天津)[4]Thejobwasstrenuous—shecouldgettotheendofapage,makeamistakeo
nthelastline,andhavetodothewholethingagain.Foranumberofyears,LowalsoworkedintheCNIBsoundstudioreadingbooksontotape.Threeyearsa
go,shetookupproofreading(校对)attheCNIBswordfactory.58.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“strenuous”mostprobablymean?(1word
)1245
年高考3年模拟B版(教师用书)答案Difficult/Hard/Tiring/Tough.画线词后面的句子是对该词的解释,即她快译完一页时,若在最后一行出错,她还得从头开始。由此可推测strenuous意为“艰难的”。3.根据逻辑
关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中,有时会对两种事物或现象进行对比(unlike,not...but...,however,despite,inspiteof,incontrast和while等)或类比(similar
ly,like,also,aswell等)性的描述,我们可以根据画线词的反义词或同义词来猜测其意义;在句子或段落中,若两种事物或现象之间构成因果关系、替代关系等,我们可以根据这些逻辑关系推知画线词的词义。[1]Bornin1949,DianaNyadtookanearlyinterestinsw
immingasasportandwasaFloridaStateHighSchoolswimmingchampion.Likemanyyoungathletes,shehadOlympicdreams,butaseriousillnesskeptherfromcompetingintheGam
es.Thedisappointmentdidntstopherfromgoingforward.Instead,shebecameinterestedinmarathonswimming.Abrilliantathlete,shewaswell⁃condition
edforspendinglongperiodsoftimeinthewater.Asalong⁃distanceswimmer,shewouldcompeteagainstherselfandtheobstaclespresentedbydista
nce,danger,cold,andexhaustion.57.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obstacles”mean?(1word)答案Difficulties/Problems/Trouble(s)/C
hallenges.根据该词后的“presentedbydistance,danger,cold,andexhaustion”可知obstacles可由很多不利条件引起,故应表示“困难”“问题”“挑战”等。五、观点态度题题目要求:根
据文章信息陈述个人观点和态度。设问形式:Whatsyourattitudetowards...?Whatwouldyoudoifyouwere...?Whatothersuggestionswouldyo
ugive?Howwouldyousettletheproblemifyouwere...?Inyouropinion,whyiscuriosityimportant?/Whatdoyouthinkof...?Giveyourreasons./I
nyouropinion,whyis...?Pleaseexplain./Which...doyouthinkisthebestone?/Which...isthemostimportant?/Whatdoyouthinkof...?Why?/Doyouagr
ee...?Why?答题技巧:此题属于开放性试题。主要考查思维、创新、分析以及表达能力。首先要把握作者的观点,然后针对问题的中心谈论自己的观点。此题有很强的主观性,故该题的答案无所谓对与错,只是回答水准的高低,故答案必须言之有理、符合逻辑、前后一致、观点明
确,尽量与作者观点保持一致;语言准确连贯,表达规范,忌表达不清、条理不明。常用的回答形式有:①Yes.Because...Ishould...;②Ilike...best.Because...;③Ithinkitis(very
)+adj.+because...。解答此类题要求不仅能够从每小段找出能回答问题的关键句,能够围绕着作者的观点和文章的主题去找出能说明自己观点的关键句,还要能够答出文章以外的方法或建议。如:IfyoutakepartintheProgram,whichp
rojectareyouinterestedin?Andwhy?回答:Iminterestedin...because...:Iminterestedinhelpingkidswiththeirlessonsbeca
useitisimportanttothem/raisingmoneyforfamiliesinneedbecausetheyarepoorandneedourhelp.(2017天津夏)[1]Intheyears
ofmygrowingup,Dadwasstrictwithme.HemadesureImademybedanddidmyhomework.Hewouldcallinadvancetomakesuretherewasnoalcoholattheparty.Igotsoangry
withhimforlayingdownthelaw.Iwouldscream,“Ihateyou!”Dadwouldyellback,“Good!Idontcare!”DeepdownIknewhed
id....[4]Once,afteratriptoHollywood,IreturnedtoAustraliasodepressedandspentmonthsinmybedroompainting,listeningtoEckhartTollesmusicandtry
ingtofindmyselfagain.Dadsatmedownandsaid,“Alice,Iknowitshard,butitsallaboutpersistence(坚持不懈).”...60.Wha
tdoyouthinkofAlicesfather?Pleaseexplain.(nomorethan20words)答案Heisagood/devoted/caring/lovingfatherbecau
sehewasstrictwithhisdaughterandencouragedherwhenshewasintrouble.Or:Heisalwayssupportive/asourceofstrength.Whenevershei
sintrouble,heisthereforher.可结合文中体现父亲品质的细节来表达。(2014天津)[1]LastDecember,DorisLowturned90.Onceaweekshestilldrive
stotheCanadianNationalInstitutefortheBlind(CNIB)inToronto,whereshehelpstransformliteratureintobraille(盲文)tobringthepowerofstoryandknowled
getotheheartsandmindsofblindreaders.Shehasbeenvolunteeringhertimeandtalentstosuchenterprisesformorethan40
years....[6]“Forme,”saidLow,“theCNIBismorethanjustaplacetovolunteer.Threethingsmattermostinmylife:alittleplay,alittle
work,alittlelove.Ivefoundthemallhere.”60.WhatdoyouthinkofLow?Giveyourreasons.(nomorethan20words)答案Lowiskindandhelpfulbecauseshehasdevotedmuchti
metotranscribingbooksintobrailleasavolunteer.Or:Lowisakind⁃heartedladywithapositiveattitudetowardlifebecauseshetakesdelightinhelpingothers.
从文章第一段信息...whereshehelpstransformliteratureintobraille...和最后一句Shehasbeenvolunteeringhertimeandtalentstosuchenterprisesformoret
han40years.可以推测出,Low是一个非常善良而又乐于助人的人,是生活积极向上、乐观豁达的一位女士。
专题十八阅读表达125对应学生用书起始页码P305一、解题步骤五步法:审→找→转→写→查。审:审题,这是答案是否正确的关键。找:找依据,在文中找到答题区间。转:把文中语言转化为自己的语言,组织答案。转化时注意主语
人称、谓语等的变化;所写句子要符合语法规则;阅读表达题有词数限制,要满足词数要求,学会改写。写:写出答案,所写内容决定了得分。查:检查,核查是否答非所问,是否符合题目要求(格式、词数),理解是否片面,表达
是否有误(单词拼写、大小写、语法、用词是否准确)。二、易错点1.审题不清(1)未理解题目的要求,答非所问。(2)不按答题要求答题,格式、词数等出现问题。2.理解偏差尤其在抓主旨大意及拓展思维、陈述个人观点类试题中特别明显。表现为理解片面。阅读中缺乏语篇意识,不能从整体
上把握文章。3.表达有误(1)单词拼写有误,大小写混乱。(2)无语法可言,构不成完整的句子。(3)词汇量有限,用词不准确,表达不清。(4)书写较差,字迹潦草,难以辨认。