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树人高级中学2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，考生作答时，将答案答在答题卡上（答题注意事项见答题卡），在本试题卷上做答无效。考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。注意事项：1．本考试设试

题卷和答题卡两部分，所有答题必须用2B铅笔涂（选择题）或用黑色签字笔写（非选择题）在答题卡上，做在试卷上一律不得分。2．答卷前，务必用黑色中性笔在答题卡正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号。3．考试时间120分钟。试卷满分150分。第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第

一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.

£9.18.C.£9.15.1.Howcanpeopletraveltoday?A.Byair.B.Byship.C.Bytrain.2.Whatwillthemandoonhisbirthday?A.Haveaparty.B.Seeamovie.C.Gooutforameal.3.Whyist

hewomansurprised?A.Theshirtisveryexpensive.B.Herhusbandwantsfourshirts.C.Themandoesn'tagreewithher.4.Whowillpayfortheme

al?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.Thewoman'ssister.5.Whichsportdoesthemanprefernow?A.Tennis.B.Basketball.C.Football.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.What'stherelat

ionshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers.B.Colleagues.C.Friends.7.Whatdothespeakershaveincommon?A.Theyarebothde

signers.B.TheyarebothintheITindustry.C.Theyworkforthesamecompany.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whichpartofherjobdoesthew

omanfindthemostdifficult?A.Usingthecomputersystem.B.Speakinginpublic.C.Takingsomuchtraining.9.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Tellherbossabouth

erproblem.B.Leashmorefromothers.C.Changeherjob听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whydoesthewomancalltheman？A.Toborrowhiscar.B.ToborrowsomemoneyC．Toaskfordirection1

1.Whatwasthemandoingbeforethecall?A.Playinggames.B.WatchingTV.C.Readingabook.12.WhathappenedtoBob?A.

Hehadacaraccident.B.Helosthisway.C.Hehurtsomebody.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatwillthemandrink?A.Tea.B.Milk.C.

Coffee.14.Whendidthemanlastseethewoman?A.Aboutamonthago.B.Abouttwomonthsago.C.Aboutthreemonthsago.15.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atabarber

's.B.Atacafe.C.Atthewoman'shouse16.Whatwillthewomandoforthemannext?A.Washhishair.B.Fetchhisdrink.C.Cleanhiscollar.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Howmany

screenplaysdidPinterwriteforthecinema?A.29.B.28.C.27.18.WhenwastheplayTheBirthdayPartyfirstperformedinLondon?A.OnApril28th,1958.B.OnMay19th,1958.C.On

December24th,1958.19.Whosebirthdaypartywasruined?A.StanleyWebber's.B.Goldberg's.C.McCann's.20.HowlongdidHaroldPinterlive?A.50years.

B.62years.C.78years.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A21.Howoftenishouseholdrubbis

hcollectedinthetown?A.Everyday.B.Everyotherday.C.Everyweek.D.Everyotherweek.22.Whichofthefollowingrecyclableswillbecollected?A

.Anoverduejournal.B.Anoldsmartphone.C.Aplastictoytruck.D.Ayellowdrinkingglass.23.Whatshouldtheresidentsdowhentheydu

mptheirrecyclables?A.Theyshouldtrytokeepthepick-upcostsdown.B.Theyshouldhavethemallcleanedbeforedumping

.C.Theyshoulddumpthemby7:00a.m.besidetheirhouses.D.Theyshouldhavepaperproductscoveredinplasticbags.BMo

stpeoplewhogoondietssoongainbackanylostweight,aUCLAstudysuggests.TraciMann,PhD,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUCLA,wasteachingaseminarontheps

ychologyofeatingwhenshenoticedsomethingodd(奇怪的)aboutdietstudies.Fewofthestudiesfollowedupondietersformorethansixmonths.Evenfewerfolloweddietersforay

earormore.Mannwonderedwhat,inthelongterm,reallyhappenswhenpeoplegoondiets.Sosheandherstudentstracked

down31studiesthat,onewayoranother,hadatleastoneyearoffollow-updata.Theywereinterestedinjustonenumber:thepercentageofdieterswho

,overtime,gainbackmoreweightthantheylose.“Wefoundthattheaveragepercentageofpeoplewhogainedbackmoreweightthantheylostondietswas41%,”Mann

tellsWebMD.“Ineachofthestudies,athirdtotwothirdsofthesubjectsgainedbackmoreweightthantheylost.”Doesthismeanthatmost

ofthepeopleinthestudiesactuallylostweightandkeptitoff?No,Mannsays.“Thisisactuallybleaker(更不乐观的)thanitseems—eventhoughmostpeoplewouldfindthat4

1%numbertobeprettydepressing(令人沮丧的),”shesays.“Wehavestrongreasonstofeelthatthisnumberunderrepresentsthetruenumberofparticipantswhogainedbackmorewei

ghtthantheylost.”MannandhercolleaguesreporttheirfindingsintheAprilissueofAmericanPsychologist.24.Wherecanwefind

theproblemswithdietstudies?A.InParagraph2.B.InParagraph3.C.InParagraph2and3D.InParagraph4and525.Whatdidtheyfindaftertrackingdown31studies?A.F

ewstudiesfolloweddietersforayearorso.B.Moststudieshadoneyearoffollow-updata.C.Moreandmorepeoplewereonth

eirwaytodiet.D.Almostahalfofdietersgainedbackmoreweight.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"subjects"inParagraph4referto?A.

Dietstudies.B.Dieters.C.Dietresearchers.D.Dietfindings.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.DietsDon'tWorkLong-termB.LifestyleChangeIsRea

llyHardC.DietIsEasierSaidThanDoneD.DietStudiesHaveTheirProblemsCAustralia,Franceor…Mars?Whenconsideringaplacetoemigrat

eto,Marsmightnotbethebestchoiceinyourlist,butaccordingtoanonlinesurvey,morethanoneintenofBritishwouldaccept

aone-wayticketthere.Yes,youreadthatcorrectly—becausetheMarsOnemissionislookingtoemigratetoMars,thefirstvoyagerswillnotbeableto

returnbacktoEarth.Theorganizerssuggestapplicantsthinkovertheirapplications,becausetheagreementdidn’tcomewitha

returnticket.Butstillthousandsofpeopleagreedtoit.TheMarsOneaimstoconstructahumansettlementonMars.Thankfull

y,applicationsfortheprogramareentirelyvoluntaryandpotentialastronautscanbackoutatanytimeduringthestrictselectionproce

ss.Inordertoapply,thecandidatemustbeover18,haveA2Englishlevelandbeadaptableandcurious.Thefollowingselectionprocessconsistsoffour

rounds.Thefirstroundisanonlineapplicationincludinggeneralinformationandaone-minutevideoinwhichtheapplicantanswersso

megivenquestionsandexplainswhyheorsheshouldbeamongthefirsthumanstosetfootonMars.Attheendofthefirstround,ateamofMarsOn

eexpertswilldecidewhichapplicantswillpasstothenextround.Theremainingapplicantsmustthenprovideamedicalstatementfromtheirdoctorstatingthattheyh

avemetalltherequirements.SuccessfulcandidateswillthenbebrieflyinterviewedbyMarsOne’schiefmedicalofficerNorbertKraft.One-hundred

healthy,smartcandidatesaretheninthethirdroundwhichwilltesttheirteamworkabilityandcommunicationskillsthroughaseriesofgroupchallenges.The

finalpartofthetestingprocessistheabilitytostayalone.Eventhebestastronautsinhistorycanhardlyenjoythesilentspace.Followingthischallenge,the

fortyremainingcandidateswillbereducedtothirtywhowillthenundergotheMarsSettlerSuitabilityInterview.Followingonfrom

thefirstselectionseries,internationalcrewsofuptosixgroupsoffourwillbecomefulltimeemployeesofMarsOne.28．Whatistheorganiz

ers’attitudetowardstheonlinesurveyresult?A．Understandable.B．Satisfied.C．Unexpected.D．Doubtful.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedphras

e“backout”inparagraph2mean?A．Stopcarryingouttheagreement.B．Moveoutofspacebackwards.C．Driveaircraftsback

wardsandleave.D．Failtopayattentiontotheadvertisement.30．WhatdotheMarsOneexpertsmainlydointhefirstround?A．Test

thecandidates’Englishlevel.B．Checkthebasicinformationofparticipants.C．Interviewthecandidatesandcollectthefo

rms.D．Determinewhethercandidatesareeagertolearn.31．Whatisthemostchallengingfortheparticipants?A．Theirskillstocommunicatewi

thothers.B．Theirexcellentphysicalhealthatpresent.C．Theirabilitiestocooperatewiththeteam.D．Theirlong-timeadaptabilitytobein

galone.DGettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentu

ry,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtw

ithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedth

ebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusitbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,Kingo

fFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnot

goout.Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificall

yspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Y

et,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhite

rthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhu

gelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenoftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontra

ry,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgaini

ngsomeground.32.ThekingsofFranceandEnglandinthe16thcenturyclosedbathhousesbecause_______.A.theylivedhealthilyinadirtyenvironment.B.theythoughtbathhou

sesweretodirtytostayinC.theybelieveddiseasecouldbespreadinpublicbathsD.theyconsideredbathingasthecauseofskindisease33.Whichofthefollowing

bestdescribesHenryIV'sattitudetobathing?A.AfraidB.CuriousC.ApprovingD.Uninterested34.Howdoesthepassagemainlydevelop?A.Byprovidingexample

s.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byfollowingtheorderoftime.D.Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.35.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwrit

ingthepassage?A.Tostresstheroleofdirt.B.Tointroducethehistoryofdirt.C.Tocallattentiontothedangerofdirt.D.Topresentthech

angeofviewsondirt.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Languageexpressesouridentityandreflectswhowea

re,andwhowewanttobe.Everytimewespeak,wegivelistenersinformationaboutourselvesandwherewe'refrom.WhenwetravelaroundtheUnitedStatesw

eoftenhearpeopleask:Oh,areyoufromNewYork/Chicago/Texas?___36___Theirguessesmightbebasedonourphonology(alsocalledaccent)oronourchoice

ofparticularvocabulary.Interestingly,manyofusconsiderourwayofspeakingtobeneutral(无倾向性的).It'shardforustohearfe

aturesofourownspeechthatmightbeobvioustopeoplewhospeakotherdialects(方言).Languageexpertsusethetermdialecttomean"avariety

sharedbyagroupofspeakers".___37___Busdrivers,teachers,yourneighbors,CEOsofFortune500companiesandyou(whether

youknowitornot)speakadialect,too.___38___Andwhy?Theanswerdependsonwhoyouareandwhereyoulive.Weallrecognizethatsomelang

uagesoundspleasantorcorrectorcooltous--andsomesounds"uneducated"orjustplainbad.___39___Learningwhatwefeelaboutlanguageisimportanttosocietyforanumb

erofreasons.Often,childrenwhospeaknon-standarddialectsmaybeinaccuratelyclassifiedas"notknowingmuchEnglish"oreven"havingaspee

chdefect(缺陷)＂,withterribleconsequencesforthem.Orpeoplewhoregularlymixwordsorphrasesfrommorethanonelanguagew

ithinsentencesarethoughttobeunabletospeakthelanguagesverywell.(Butusuallytheoppositeistrue.)Studyinglanguagehelpsuslearnabouttheremarkableresources

ofthehumanbrain.___40___Italsohelpsusexamineaformofsocialstereotypingwemaynothavebeenawareexisted.A.Therearealsomanyotherreasons.B.Oratleast,wher

eareyoufrom?C.Ithelpsuslearnmoreaboutsocialorganization.D.Clearly,theyknoweverythingaboutus.E.Withsomanydia

lects,whichoneisthebest?F.Bythisdefinition,everyonespeaksadialect.G.Butoneperson'sthumbsdownisanother'sthumbsup.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；

每小题1．5分，满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Throughoutmyhighschoolcareer,I’vemadeapointofdoin

gwhatmanypeoplefailtodoonadailybasis:reflectandassessmylifeanddecisions.I’ma（n）41andIanalyzeandconte

mplate（沉思）,sometimestoomuch,butalwayswiththeintentionof42somethingnewaboutmyself.Youmightbe43tolearnth

atIdomybestthinkingnotintheclassroom,notinthebedroom,butinthebathroom.Thebathroomhasalwaysbeenaplacewh

ereIcansitin44.Theclosestthingtoa（n）__45isapoliteknockonthedoor,andquietis46maintained.Bathroomsarealwayskeptclean,and47areprovided

forsufficientself-inspection.48,thebathroomistheidealplaceforreflection.Mybathroom,whichissituatedabrief49downthehallfrommybedroom,isa

wonderfulplacewhereIcantakecomfort.50alongdayofhardwork,I51formybathroomtoreflectonthepastdayandthed

aysahead,Ithinkaboutmyfriendsandfamily,andwhatthey52tome.Ievenrealizethenumerous53thatIhaverecentlymade,and__54toputthemright.Thethi

nkingIdointhebathroom—whetheritisa55aboutmyfutureasarockstar,ortherealizationthatmymotherwasinfactco

rrect—isimportanttome.Takingthetimetothinkandreflecthas56metomakegooddecisions,AndthenIwill57whatisimportanttome.Insteadoflivingm

ylife58,I’vemadeachoicetothinkdeeplyandkeepthingsinperspective.Tome,thebathroomisnotaplaceto59thechal

lengesofreality,butratheraplaceto60thosechallengesthroughthepowerofhumanintelligence.41.A.doctorB.thinkerC.observerD.reader42.A.le

arningB.recordingC.mentioningD.abandoning43.A.worriedB.surprisedC.excitedD.disappointed44.A.regretB.patienceC.prideD.peace45.A.celebrationB.invitatio

nC.descriptionD.interruption46.A.poorlyB.quicklyC.continuallyD.occasionally47.A.mirrorsB.picturesC.camerasD.

towels48.A.AtpresentB.OnaverageC.AtlastD.Inshort49.A.rideB.walkC.jumpD.roll50.A.AfterB.UntilC.BeforeD.As51.A.waitB.prepareC.headD.stand52.A.introd

uceB.referC.giveD.mean53.A.mistakesB.promisesC.goalsD.challenges54.A.affordB.forgetC.attemptD.refuse55.A.dutyB.ruleC.fantasyD.project56.A.b

eggedB.allowedC.orderedD.forced57.A.callonB.relyonC.focusonD.liveon58.A.blindlyB.slowlyC.unluckilyD.painfully59.A.acceptB.rememberC.de

layD.escape60.A.avoidB.conquerC.meetD.create第Ⅱ卷第二节（共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinahasonceagainshoweditsabilitytochangeth

eworldwithits"fourgreatnew___61___(invent)"---high-speedrail,electronicpayment,sharedbicycle,andonlineshopping.Chin

a'snew-generationhigh-speedtrain,theFuxingHao,isnowoneofthe___62___(fast)trainsintheworld,whichcantravelataspeedof3

50km/h.Apart___63___high-speedrail,theotherthree___64____(improve)people'slivesoverthelastdecade.Bikesharing,forexample,hasmade___

65____muchmoreconvenientforpeopletogetaroundindailylife.Whenridingasharedbike,youcanstop___66___(buy)andeatwhateveryouwant___67____(simpl

e)withataponyourphone.What'smore,cashlesspaymenthasgrownintoa___68___(choose)forChinesepeople.Bio-paymentsaregraduallyreplac

ingpasswordstobecometheprimarymeansofpaymentinfuture.Ashighas60.3percentofpaymentsmadeviaAlibaba'sT-malland

Taobaowereaccomplishedbyusers'scanningtheirfingerprintsorfacesinsteadofenteringpasswords.Thefourinnovativewaysoflifearemost_

__69___(appeal)tonumerousforeignpeople,mostof___70___wishtheircountrieswouldachievegreatprogresslikeChinaintermsoftechnologic

alachievements.第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的

增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许

修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。LastweekInoticedJackcoughinginourmathclass.Seethis,Iofferedtotakehimtoaclinic.Ther

eadoctoraskedJackifshehadcoughedforlongtime,Jacknoddedhisheadsimmediately.Thedoctorthenwroteaprescription（处方）withins

tructionsonwhattotaketheChinesemedicine.WhenJacktastedtothemedicine,healmostbroughtitup.Icomfortedhimw

ithanoldsaying“Goodmedicineforhealthtastedbittertothemouth”.Jackmanagedtodrinkitunwilling.Butwhenherecoveredthirddayslater,hefeltamazingatthee

ffectoftheChinesemedicine.第二节书面表达（满分25分）我校学生会组织以“我的中国梦”为主题的英语演讲比赛。假设你是李华，请以“DreamsLightenMyLife”为题写一篇演讲稿。内容包括：（1）自我简介；（2）你的梦想是什么？（3）如何

实现自己的梦想？注意：1．词数100左右。2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。树人高级中学2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语参考答案听力1-5CBACB6-10ABBAB11-15CACBA16-20ACBAC阅读21-23CAD

24-27ADBA28-31CABD32-35CACD七选五36-40BFEGC完形：41-45BABDD46-50CADBA51-55CDACC56-60BCADB语法填空61.inventions62.fastest63.from64.haveimproved65.it

66.tobuy67.simply68.choice69.appealing70.whom改错71．1.See→Seeing72.she→he73.long前加a74.heads→head75.what→how76.去掉to77.tasted→tastes78.unwilling→unwill

ingly79.third→three80.amazing→amazed作文LadiesandGentlemen,Goodafternoon!I’mLiHua,aged17,asunnyandoutgoingm

iddleschoolstudentasyousee.Today,it’smyhonortostandheregivingaspeechwiththetitleof“DreamsLightenMyLife”.Ev

eryoneembracesdifferentdreamstolightenortocontributetothegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.Whenitcomestome,I’vebeendreamingof

becomingadoctorsincechildhood.WhenIseepeoplesufferinganddyingofillnesses,Imadeupmymindtohelpthesickandcurethemoftheir

diseases.Ihopetoseeaworldwherethereisnocancer,noAids,nofataldiseases.Admittedly,topursueandfulfillmydream,Iwillalwayskeepitinmindsoastotrymostt

obeadmittedbyakeymedicaluniversity,thuslearningtheessentialknowledgeandaccumulatingagreatdealofexperien

ce.Thisismydream,lighteningmylifefarahead.NowIbelieveIhaveonemoresteptoclosetoit,right?Thankyouforyourlistening!阅读21-23CAD24-27ADBA【解析】这是一篇说

明文。文章讲述了TraciMann和她的团队的调查结果表明：节食减肥是不会长久有效的，甚至会出现体重的反弹。24.细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“TraciMann,PhD,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUCL

A,wasteachingaseminaronthepsychologyofeatingwhenshenoticedsomethingodd(奇怪的)aboutdietstudies.”可知，TraciMann在教一个关于饮食心理学的研讨课时，她注意到饮食研究中的一

些奇怪的事情。再根据第二段关键句“Fewofthestudiesfollowedupondietersformorethansixmonths.Evenfewerfolloweddietersfora

yearormore.”可知，TraciMann发现很少有研究对节食者进行了超过六个月的跟踪调查。跟踪节食者一年或更长时间的人就更少了。由此可推断出，在第二段中我们可以找到关于饮食研究上出现的问题，问题是没有对节食者进行长时间的跟踪调查。故选A项。

25.细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“Wefoundthattheaveragepercentageofpeoplewhogainedbackmoreweightthantheylostondietswas41%”可知，通过对31项研究的追踪调查发现，随着时间的推移，

有41%的人体重增加了，甚至比他们节食时减少的体重要多。由此可推断出，通过对31项研究的追踪调查发现，几乎一半的节食者体重增加的数量比节食时减少的数量还要多。故选D项。26.词句猜测题。划线词所在句上一句告诉我们“通过追踪调查发现，有41%的人体重增加了，甚至比他们节食时减少的体重要多”。划

线词所在句意为：在每一项研究中，三分之一到三分之二的_____体重增加的幅度比他们减掉的要多。通过上句可知，是41%的参加节食减肥的人体重增加了，由此可推断出，划线词所代表的应该是“节食减肥的人”。Dieters意为“节食者，

减肥者”，符合句意。故选B项。27.主旨大意题。根据文章内容及第四段关键句“Wefoundthattheaveragepercentageofpeoplewhogainedbackmoreweightthantheylostondietswa

s41%”可知，文章主要讲述了TraciMann和她的团队通过对31项研究至少一年的追踪调查发现，随着时间的推移，有41%的节食减肥者体重增加的幅度比他们减掉的要多，这个百分比有可能会更多。由此可推断出，文章主要是告我们一个研究结果：节食减

肥不会有长久的效果，甚至会反弹。DietsDon'tWorkLong-term意为“节食减肥不能长久有效”，能够概括文章主旨。故选A项。28-31CABD【分析】这是一篇说明文。根据一项在线调查，超过十分之一的英国人愿意购买去火星的单程票，“火星一号”计划的目标是移居火星，首批旅行者将无法返

回地球。文章主要介绍这项申请的开展过程以及对参与者的要求和参与者会面临的一些挑战。28．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Theorganizerssuggestapplicantsthinkovertheirapplications,becausetheagreementdidn’tcomew

ithareturnticket.Butstillthousandsofpeopleagreedtoit.(组织者建议申请者考虑一下自己的申请，因为协议没有附带回程票。但还是有成千上万的人同意了)”but表示转折，可推知，组织者对

在线调查结果感到意外。故选C。29．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Thankfully,applicationsfortheprogramareentirelyvoluntaryandpotentialastronautscan

”以及后文“atanytimeduringthestrictselectionprocess”可知，该计划的申请完全是自愿的，由此推知在严格的选拔过程中，未来的宇航员们可以随时停止执行协议。故画线词意思是“停止执行协议”。故选

A。30．细节理解题。根据第四段“Thefirstroundisanonlineapplicationincludinggeneralinformationandaone-minutevideoinwhichtheap

plicantanswerssomegivenquestionsandexplainswhyheorsheshouldbeamongthefirsthumanstosetfootonMars.Attheendo

fthefirstround,ateamofMarsOneexpertswilldecidewhichapplicantswillpasstothenextround.(第一轮是一份在线申请，包括基本信息和一分钟的视频。申请者在

视频中回答一些问题，并解释为什么自己应该成为第一批踏上火星的人。第一轮投票结束后，“火星一号”的专家团队将决定哪些申请人进入下一轮)”可知，火星一号专家在第一轮主要查看参与者的基本信息。故选B。31．

细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thefinalpartofthetestingprocessistheabilitytostayalone.Eventhebestastronautsinhistorycanhardlyenj

oythesilentspace.(测试过程的最后一部分是独处的能力。即使是历史上最优秀的宇航员也很难享受这个安静的空间)”可知，对参与者来说，最具挑战性的是他们对独处的长期适应能力。故选D。32-35CACD试

题分析：本文主要讲述的是在历史的发展过程中，人们对于灰尘的看法是在不停地发生着变化。32.细节题。根据第二段2，3行asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwa

tercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.说明他们认为在浴室里还传染疾病的，所以才下令关闭浴室。故选C33.推理题。根据第二段最后

3行HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheatt

ackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.说明他很害怕疾病的传播，所以才把这位贵族驱逐出去，故选A34.推理题。根据第二段Intheearly16thcentury

和didthekingofEnglandin1546.以及HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.说明本文是按照时间的顺序来组织全文的。故选C35.主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第

一段Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.和最后一段Attitudestodirtstil

ldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdi

sease.都说明人们对于dirt的看法是在不停地变化之中的，故选D七选五36-40BFEGC【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言的作用，它能够表明我们的身份等信息，了解我们对语言的感受对社会很重要并且研究语言

能够带来很多好处。36.考查段中句。前文提到：语言表达了我们的身份，反映了我们是谁，我们想成为谁。每次我们说话时，我们都会向听众提供有关自己以及我们来自何处的信息。当我们在美国旅行时，经常听到人们问：哦，您来自纽约/芝加哥/德克萨斯州吗？后文提到：他们的猜测可能是基于我们的音韵学，也叫口音，或者我

们选择的特定词汇。B项（或者至少，你从哪儿来?）与上下文连接通顺，该选项与前面的问题是在人们旅行时被问到的问题，人们问的这些问题是基于旅行者所说的话语的。故选B。37.考查段中句。前文提到：有趣的是，我们许多人认为我们的说话

方式是中立的。对于说其他方言的人来说，我们很难听到自己的语音特征。语言学家使用方言一词来表示“一组说话者共享的一种变体”。后文提到：公共汽车司机，老师，您的邻居，财富500强公司的首席执行官以及您（无论您是否知道

）也说方言。F项（按照这个定义，每个人都说一种方言。）与上下文连接通顺，该选项中的definition指的是前一句语言学家对方言的定义，下文具体的举例子说明每个人都讲方言。故选F。38.考查段首句。后文提

到：为什么呢？答案取决于你是谁，住在哪里。我们都认识到，某些语言听起来对我们而言是令人愉快的或正确的或时尚的，而某些声音则是“未受过教育的”或简直就是不好的。E项（有那么多种方言，哪一种是最好的？）与下文连接通顺，该选项中的somanydialects与上文每个人都讲方言相对

应，下文对之前的两个问题进行了回答，即人们的身份和住址影响到人们对于方言的评价和判断。故选E。39.考查段尾句。前文提到：有趣的是，我们许多人认为我们的说话方式是中立的。对于说其他方言的人来说，我们很难听到自己的语音特征。语言学家使用方言一词来表示“一组说话者共享的一种变体”

。后文提到：公共汽车司机，老师，您的邻居，财富500强公司的首席执行官以及您（无论您是否知道）也说方言。G项（但是一个人认可的方言另一个人可能会不接受。）与上文连接通顺，该选项中的thumbsup指的是人们对方言的认可和支持，thumbsdown指的是人们对方言的否定和批判。对一种方言的评价

，不同的人有不同的看法。故选G。40.考查段中句。前文提到：学习语言有助于我们了解人脑的重要资源。后文提到：这也有助于我们研究一种我们可能不知道存在的社会定型观念。C项（它可以帮助我们更多地了解社会组织。）与上下文连接通顺，该段落连续使用三个句子来说明研究语言能够带来的好处。故

选C。第二节语法填空61.inventions62.fastest63.from64.haveimproved65.it66.tobuy67.simply68.choice69.appealing70.whom改错【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者带Jack去看中医，Jack对中药疗效感

到惊讶的故事。【详解】1.考查非谓语动词。句意：看到这个，我主动提出带他去诊所。分析句子可知，句中存在谓语动词offered，且see与其逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故将See改为Seeing。2.考查代词。

句意：医生问Jack，他是否咳嗽很久了。根据上文的“him”可知，Jack是男孩，作主语用人称代词主格he，故将she改为he。3.考查冠词。句意：医生问Jack，他是否咳嗽很久了。分析句子可知，此处al

ongtime是固定搭配意为“很长一段时间”。故在long前加a。4.考查名词。句意：Jack立刻点了点头。根据句意可知，此处表示Jack点了点头，head应用单数，故将heads改为head。5.考查连词。句意：医生写了一个处方，处方上写着一些关于如何服用中药的指导。根据句意，此处表

示“如何服用中药”，用how“如何”，what“什么”不符合语境。故将what改为how。6.考查介词。句意：当Jack尝了药后差点吐了出来。taste表示“品尝”，是及物动词，接宾语无需介词，故去掉tasted后的to。7.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我用一句老话安慰他，“良药

苦口利于病”。描述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语medicine是单数，谓语相应地用单数，故将tasted改为tastes。8.考查副词。句意：杰克不情愿地吞下了它们。修饰动词用副词作状语，故将unwilling改为unwillingly。9

.考查数词。句意：但是三天后他康复了，他对中药的疗效感到惊讶。threedayslater“三天后”，修饰复数名词days用基数词three。故将third改为three。10.考查形容词。句意：但是三天后他康复了

，他对中药的疗效感到惊讶。分析句子可知，此处形容词修饰人，表示人的感受，使用amazed，amazing修饰物，表示事物的特征,不符题意。故将amazing改为amazed。听力文本Text1M:Lastnight'sheavysnowstormhasmadea

llmainroadsintheareatoodangeroustouse.Theairportiscloseduntiltomorrowmorningandallferriesarecancelledtoo.W:Yes,butth

etrainsarestillworkingnormally.Text2W:SoJames,whatareyougoingtodoforyourbirthday?M:Well,Iwashopingtohaveapar

tybutmostofmyfriendsarebusy,soI'veacceptedmysister'soffertotakemetoafilm-atleastit'sbetterthangoingoutforamealwithmyparent

s.Text3M:Oh,takealookatthepriceoftheshirt!W:Gosh,youcangetfourshirtsforthatpriceinothershops.M:Yes,you'reright!Text4W:Whatelseshouldweorder

?Youcanorderanythingyoulike.It'smysister'streat.M:Oh,lotsofthings!Howaboutsomemeatandsomevegetables,noodles

andsoup?W:Great.I'mhungry,soIcaneatalot.Text5W:Ireallyenjoyplayingtennis.Whatkindofsportsdoyoulike?M:Iu

sedtolikefootballverymuch,butnowIthinknothingisbetterthanbasketball.Text6W:Excuseme.Isthisseattaken?M:Oh,no.Goahead.

W:Thankyou.Bytheway,myname'sPaulaMoore.M:Nicetomeetyou,Paula.I'mMikeJones.W:Nicetomeetyou,too.Whatdoyoudo,Mike?M:I'mwithDiamondTechnologies.I'maw

ebdesigner,andyou?W:I'minIT,too.I'maproductplannerforPaxtonComputer.Here...Letmegiveyoumycard.M:Thanksalot.Here'smine.Text7M:Howdoyou

likeyournewjob,Wendy?W:It'sOK,Iguess...Actually,it'salittlefrustratingM:Oh,that'stoobad.Why?W:Well,Id

on'tknowhowtousethecomputersystem.It'sveryconfusing.M:Whydon'tyouaskforsomemoretraining?W:Yeah.IguessIcoulddothat

,butthat'snottheonlythingIdon'tlike.Ialsohavetogivefactorytours.That'sreallydifficult!Ican'tstandspeakinginfrontofa

groupofpeople.M:Hmm.Youshouldletyourbossknowthat.W:You'reright.Ishould.Text8W:Hello,Larry.Katespeaking.I'mverysorrytocallyousolate,butI

didn'tknowwhoelsetoaskforhelp.M:Oh,don'tworry-I'mjustreadinganoveltokilltime.Youknow,Idon'tlikeplayinggamesorwatchingTV.What'shappened?Yo

usoundfrightened.W:Youknowwewenttothecountrysidefortheweekend.Wehadacaraccidentonthewayhome,andBobisinhospitalnow.Heneedsan

operation,butwedon'thaveenoughmoneytopayforit.M:Ohmy!Tellmethenameofthehospital;Iwillgetthereassoonaspossible.Text9W:H

i.Goodmorning,Mr.Boddington.I'mreadyforyounow!Comeonover.M:Sure.Thanks.W:Here—takeaseat.Teaorcoffee?M:Oh,great...Er...Coffeeplease.W:Sugar?Milk

?M:Justonesugar.W:OK.Sandra,couldyougetMr.Boddingtonacoffee,onesugar?Thanks.Nowthen,howmuchdoyouwantoff?M:Well,it'sgotabitmessy,hasn'tit?W:Y

ou'vegotquitecurlyhair.M:Yes.Butitgetsoutofcontrolprettyquickly.W:Howlongsinceyourlastappointment?Irem

emberseeingyouinSeptember.M:Oh,yes.Icamehere,let'ssee,abouttwomonthsago.W:Right,soyouwantquiteabitoffM:Well,yes,youkno

w,justabovetheears.W:Doyouwantthefrontshortorwhat?M:Yeah,abitshorter.W:Andtheback?M:Abovethecollarwouldbenice.Youknow,ju

stsoitlooksabitsmarter,abitneater.W:Doyounormallyhaveaparting?M:Well,yes.Isupposeso.Asideparting.W:OK.Shallwego

overthereandI'llgiveitawash...Text10OneofBritain'smostfamousmodernwritersisHaroldPinter.Bornin1930,Pinterwrote29playsfo

rthetheatreand27screenplaysforthecinema,aswellasmanyradioandtelevisionplays.Oneofhisbest-knownplaysisTheBirthdayPa

rty.TheBirthdayParty,thefirstfull-lengthplayPinterwrote,haditsworldpremiereattheArtsTheatre,inCambridge,Engla

nd,onthe28thofApril1958.Althoughtheplaywasinitiallywellreceived,whenitopenedinLondonafewweekslateronthe19thof

May,itwasacommercialandcriticalfailure,closingafteronlyeightperformances.However,afewdayslater,oneofthecountry'smostfamouscriticswroteextremelyposi

tivelyabouttheplayinaSundaynewspaper,helpingtomakeitoneofthemostfamousplaysever.TheBirthdayPartyisaboutStanleyWebber,apianoplayerinhis30s,wh

olivesinanEnglishseasidetown,nottoofarfromLondon.Twostrangers,GoldbergandMcCann,arriveonhisbirthday,turnin

ghisbirthdaypartyintoanightmare.HaroldPinterpresentedaspecialanniversaryperformanceoftheplayatLondon'sLyric

Theatreonthe19thofMay2008,exactly50yearsafteritsLondonPremiere.Pinterdiedlaterthesameyearonthe24thofDe

cember.