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2020-2021学年度第二学期期末考试试题英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,考生作答时,将答案答在答题卡上(答题注意事项见答题卡),在本试题卷上做答无效。考试结束后,将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项:1.本考试设试题卷和答题卡两部分,所有答题必须用2B铅笔涂(选择题)或用黑色签字笔写(非选择题)在答题卡上,做在试卷上一律不得分。2.答卷前,务必用黑色中性笔在答题卡正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号。3.考试时间120分钟。试卷满分150分。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来
回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.1.Howcanpeopletraveltoday?A.Byair.B.Byship.C.Bytrain.2.Wh
atwillthemandoonhisbirthday?A.Haveaparty.B.Seeamovie.C.Gooutforameal.3.Whyisthewomansurprised?A.Theshirtisveryexpensive.B.Herhusbandwant
sfourshirts.C.Themandoesn'tagreewithher.4.Whowillpayforthemeal?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.Thewoman'ssister.5.Whichsportdoesthemanprefernow?A
.Tennis.B.Basketball.C.Football.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题
,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.What'stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers.B.
Colleagues.C.Friends.7.Whatdothespeakershaveincommon?A.Theyarebothdesigners.B.TheyarebothintheITindustry.C.Theyworkforthesamecompany
.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。8.Whichpartofherjobdoesthewomanfindthemostdifficult?A.Usingthecomputersystem.B.Speakinginpublic.C.Takingsomuchtraining.9.Whatdoesthe
manadvisethewomantodo?A.Tellherbossaboutherproblem.B.Leashmorefromothers.C.Changeherjob听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.Whydoesthewomancalltheman?A.Toborr
owhiscar.B.ToborrowsomemoneyC.Toaskfordirection11.Whatwasthemandoingbeforethecall?A.Playinggames.B.WatchingTV.C.Re
adingabook.12.WhathappenedtoBob?A.Hehadacaraccident.B.Helosthisway.C.Hehurtsomebody.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.Whatwillt
hemandrink?A.Tea.B.Milk.C.Coffee.14.Whendidthemanlastseethewoman?A.Aboutamonthago.B.Abouttwomonthsago.C.Aboutthr
eemonthsago.15.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atabarber's.B.Atacafe.C.Atthewoman'shouse16.Whatwillthewomandofortheman
next?A.Washhishair.B.Fetchhisdrink.C.Cleanhiscollar.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.HowmanyscreenplaysdidPinterwriteforthecinema?A.29.B
.28.C.27.18.WhenwastheplayTheBirthdayPartyfirstperformedinLondon?A.OnApril28th,1958.B.OnMay19th,1958.C.OnDecember24th,1958.19.Whosebir
thdaypartywasruined?AStanleyWebber's.B.Goldberg's.C.McCann's.20.HowlongdidHaroldPinterlive?A.50years.B
.62years.C.78years.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。ATOWNOFMIDDLEBOROUGHRUBBISH/RE
CYCLEINFORMATIONRUBBISHCOLLECTIONCURBSIDE(路边回收)Yourhouseholdrubbishiscollectedweeklyonyourregularcollectionday.Allresidentsusingrubbishbarrel
smusthavecoversonthemtopreventrain/snowwaterbuildupinside.PleasenotethefollowinglistofitemsthatwillNOTbepickedupbytheSanit
ationDivision:●MedicalWasteorMercury-CallHealthDepartmentat508-946-2408●Containerswithsharpedgesorbottoms.●Metal
s,furnitureorbuildingmaterials.●Recyclablematerial.RECYCLECOLLECTIONCURBSIDEYourrecyclableswillbecollectedeveryotherwe
ekonyourregularcollectionday.Failuretoputyourrecyclablesoutontheassigneddaycauses"doublepick-up".Pleasehelpus
tokeepcostsdown.Itemsforcurbsidecollection:●Newspapersandmagazines●Cardboard-CerealBoxes,PastaBoxes,ShoeBoxes,Etc.●Cansandplastics(NOCHILDREN'STOY
S)●Clearandcoloredglass(onlybrown&green)Howtoprepareitemsforcurbsidecollection:●PaperProducts—pleasewraptheminplasticg
rocerybagstoprotectfromrainandwind.●Cans,plasticsandclearandcoloredglass—CLEAN.*Allrubbish/recyclablesmustbeoutatcurbsideby7:00a.m.onyour
regularscheduledcollectionday.1.Howoftenishouseholdrubbishcollectedinthetown?A.Everyday.B.Everyotherday.C.Ev
eryweek.D.Everyotherweek.2.Whichofthefollowingrecyclableswillbecollected?A.Anoverduejournal.B.Anoldsmartphone.C.Aplastictoytruck.D.Ayellowdrink
ingglass.3.Whatshouldtheresidentsdowhentheydumptheirrecyclables?A.Theyshouldtrytokeepthepick-upcostsdown.B.Theyshouldh
avethemallcleanedbeforedumping.C.Theyshoulddumpthemby7:00a.m.besidetheirhouses.D.Theyshouldhavepaperproducts
coveredinplasticbags.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述了米德尔堡镇垃圾回收处理的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一个小标题下的“Yourhouseholdrubbishiscollectedweeklyonyourre
gularcollectionday.(你的家庭垃圾每周在你的定期收集日收集一次。)”可知,家庭垃圾是每周都会收集。故选C。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据文章Itemsforcurbsidecollection中介绍的内容“C
ardboard-CerealBoxes,PastaBoxes,ShoeBoxes,Etc.(硬纸板箱,意大利面盒,鞋盒等。)”可知回收的东西都是纸质类的,故一本过期的杂志将是回收的对象。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三行内容“PaperProducts—pleasewrapthe
minplasticgrocerybagstoprotectfromrainandwind.(纸制品——请用塑料购物袋包装,以防止风雨。)”可知,当居民处理可回收物时他们应该把纸制品用塑料袋包起来。故选D。BMostpeoplewhogoond
ietssoongainbackanylostweight,aUCLAstudysuggests.TraciMann,PhD,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUCLA,wasteachingasemi
naronthepsychologyofeatingwhenshenoticedsomethingodd(奇怪的)aboutdietstudies.Fewofthestudiesfollowedupondietersformorethan
sixmonths.Evenfewerfolloweddietersforayearormore.Mannwonderedwhat,inthelongterm,reallyhappenswhenpeoplegoo
ndiets.Sosheandherstudentstrackeddown31studiesthat,onewayoranother,hadatleastoneyearoffollow-updata.Theywereinterestedinjustonenumber:th
epercentageofdieterswho,overtime,gainbackmoreweightthantheylose.“Wefoundthattheaveragepercentageofpeopl
ewhogainedbackmoreweightthantheylostondietswas41%,”ManntellsWebMD.“Ineachofthestudies,athirdtotwothirdsofthesubjectsgainedbackmoreweightthantheylost.
”Doesthismeanthatmostofthepeopleinthestudiesactuallylostweightandkeptitoff?No,Mannsays.“Thisisactuallybleaker(更不乐观的)thanitseems—
eventhoughmostpeoplewouldfindthat41%numbertobeprettydepressing(令人沮丧的),”shesays.“Wehavestrongreasonstofeelthatthisnumberunderrepresentsthetruenumber
ofparticipantswhogainedbackmoreweightthantheylost.”MannandhercolleaguesreporttheirfindingsintheAprilissueofAmericanPsycho
logist.4.Wherecanwefindtheproblemswithdietstudies?A.InParagraph2.B.InParagraph3.C.InParagraph2and3D.InParagraph4and55.Whatdidth
eyfindaftertrackingdown31studies?A.Fewstudiesfolloweddietersforayearorso.B.Moststudieshadoneyearoffollow-updata.C.Moreandmorepeop
lewereontheirwaytodiet.D.Almostahalfofdietersgainedbackmoreweight.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"subjects"inParagraph4referto?A.Dietstudies.B.D
ieters.C.Dietresearchers.D.Dietfindings.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.DietsDon'tWorkLong-termB.LifestyleChangeIsReallyHardC
.DietIsEasierSaidThanDoneD.DietStudiesHaveTheirProblems【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了TraciMann和她的团
队的调查结果表明:节食减肥是不会长久有效的,甚至会出现体重的反弹。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“TraciMann,PhD,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUCLA,wasteachingaseminaronthepsycho
logyofeatingwhenshenoticedsomethingodd(奇怪的)aboutdietstudies.”可知,TraciMann在教一个关于饮食心理学的研讨课时,她注意到饮食研究中的一些奇怪的事情。再根据第二段关键句“Fewofthestudiesfol
lowedupondietersformorethansixmonths.Evenfewerfolloweddietersforayearormore.”可知,TraciMann发现很少有研究对节食者进行了超过六个月的跟踪调查。跟踪节食者一年或更长时间
的人就更少了。由此可推断出,在第二段中我们可以找到关于饮食研究上出现的问题,问题是没有对节食者进行长时间的跟踪调查。故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“Wefoundthattheaverageper
centageofpeoplewhogainedbackmoreweightthantheylostondietswas41%”可知,通过对31项研究的追踪调查发现,随着时间的推移,有41%的人体重增加了,甚至比他们节食时减少的体重要多。由此可推断出,通过对31项研究的追踪调
查发现,几乎一半的节食者体重增加的数量比节食时减少的数量还要多。故选D项。【6题详解】词句猜测题。划线词所在句上一句告诉我们“通过追踪调查发现,有41%的人体重增加了,甚至比他们节食时减少的体重要多”。划线词所在句意为:在每一项研究中,三分之一到三分之二的_____
体重增加的幅度比他们减掉的要多。通过上句可知,是41%的参加节食减肥的人体重增加了,由此可推断出,划线词所代表的应该是“节食减肥的人”。Dieters意为“节食者,减肥者”,符合句意。故选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章内容
及第四段关键句“Wefoundthattheaveragepercentageofpeoplewhogainedbackmoreweightthantheylostondietswas41%”可知,文章主要讲述了TraciMann和她的团队通过对31项研究至少一年的追踪调查发现,随
着时间的推移,有41%的节食减肥者体重增加的幅度比他们减掉的要多,这个百分比有可能会更多。由此可推断出,文章主要是告我们一个研究结果:节食减肥不会有长久的效果,甚至会反弹。DietsDon'tWorkLong-term意为“节食减肥不能长久有效”,能够概括文章主旨。故选A项。CAustrali
a,Franceor…Mars?Whenconsideringaplacetoemigrateto,Marsmightnotbethebestchoiceinyourlist,butaccordingtoanonlinesurvey,mo
rethanoneintenofBritishwouldacceptaone-wayticketthere.Yes,youreadthatcorrectly—becausetheMarsOnemissionislookingtoemigratetoMars,thefirstvoyage
rswillnotbeabletoreturnbacktoEarth.Theorganizerssuggestapplicantsthinkovertheirapplications,becausetheagreementdidn’tcomewitharetu
rnticket.Butstillthousandsofpeopleagreedtoit.TheMarsOneaimstoconstructahumansettlementonMars.Thankfully,applications
fortheprogramareentirelyvoluntaryandpotentialastronautscanbackoutatanytimeduringthestrictselectionprocess.In
ordertoapply,thecandidatemustbeover18,haveA2Englishlevelandbeadaptableandcurious.Thefollowingselectionpr
ocessconsistsoffourrounds.Thefirstroundisanonlineapplicationincludinggeneralinformationandaone-minutevideoinwhichtheapplicantanswerssomeg
ivenquestionsandexplainswhyheorsheshouldbeamongthefirsthumanstosetfootonMars.Attheendofthefirstround,ateamofMarsOneexpertswilldeci
dewhichapplicantswillpasstothenextround.Theremainingapplicantsmustthenprovideamedicalstatementfromtheirdoctorstatingth
attheyhavemetalltherequirements.SuccessfulcandidateswillthenbebrieflyinterviewedbyMarsOne’schiefmedicalofficerNorbertKraft.One-hundredhealthy,smartc
andidatesaretheninthethirdroundwhichwilltesttheirteamworkabilityandcommunicationskillsthroughaseriesofgroupchallenges.Thefinalpartofthetestingp
rocessistheabilitytostayalone.Eventhebestastronautsinhistorycanhardlyenjoythesilentspace.Followingthischallenge,thefortyremainingcandidateswillber
educedtothirtywhowillthenundergotheMarsSettlerSuitabilityInterview.Followingonfromthefirstselectionseries
,internationalcrewsofuptosixgroupsoffourwillbecomefulltimeemployeesofMarsOne.8.Whatistheorganizers’attitudetowardstheonlinesurveyresult?A.Under
standable.B.Satisfied.C.Unexpected.D.Doubtful.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“backout”inparagraph2mean?A.Stopcarryingouttheagreement.B.Moveoutofspace
backwards.C.Driveaircraftsbackwardsandleave.D.Failtopayattentiontotheadvertisement.10.WhatdotheMarsOneexpertsma
inlydointhefirstround?A.Testthecandidates’Englishlevel.B.Checkthebasicinformationofparticipants.C.Interviewthecandidatesandcollect
theforms.D.Determinewhethercandidatesareeagertolearn.11.Whatisthemostchallengingfortheparticipants?A.T
heirskillstocommunicatewithothers.B.Theirexcellentphysicalhealthatpresent.C.Theirabilitiestocooperatewit
htheteam.D.Theirlong-timeadaptabilitytobeingalone.【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。根据一项在线调查,超过十分之一的英国人愿意购买去火星的单程票,“火星一号”计划的目标是移居火星,首批旅行者将无法返回地球。文章主
要介绍这项申请的开展过程以及对参与者的要求和参与者会面临的一些挑战。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Theorganizerssuggestapplicantsthinkovertheirapplications,becausetheagreem
entdidn’tcomewithareturnticket.Butstillthousandsofpeopleagreedtoit.(组织者建议申请者考虑一下自己的申请,因为协议没有附带回程票。但还是有成千上万的人同意了)”but表示转折,可
推知,组织者对在线调查结果感到意外。故选C。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Thankfully,applicationsfortheprogramareentirelyvoluntaryandpotentialastronautscan”以及后文“atanytimeduringthes
trictselectionprocess”可知,该计划的申请完全是自愿的,由此推知在严格的选拔过程中,未来的宇航员们可以随时停止执行协议。故画线词意思是“停止执行协议”。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四
段“Thefirstroundisanonlineapplicationincludinggeneralinformationandaone-minutevideoinwhichtheapplicanta
nswerssomegivenquestionsandexplainswhyheorsheshouldbeamongthefirsthumanstosetfootonMars.Attheendofthefirstround,ateamofMarsOneexp
ertswilldecidewhichapplicantswillpasstothenextround.(第一轮是一份在线申请,包括基本信息和一分钟的视频。申请者在视频中回答一些问题,并解释为什么自己应该成为第一批踏上火星的人。第一轮投票结束后,“火星一号”的专家团队
将决定哪些申请人进入下一轮)”可知,火星一号专家在第一轮主要查看参与者的基本信息。故选B。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thefinalpartofthetestingprocessistheabilitytostayalone.Event
hebestastronautsinhistorycanhardlyenjoythesilentspace.(测试过程的最后一部分是独处的能力。即使是历史上最优秀的宇航员也很难享受这个安静的空间)”可知,对参与者来说,
最具挑战性的是他们对独处的长期适应能力。故选D。DGettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfi
xedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,a
smedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthought
tolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.Thusitbeganalongtime
whentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanobleman
hadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirth
asnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyan
dhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorld
WarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,howeve
r,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenoftouchingdirt,whichmightbere
sponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastron
gimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.12.ThekingsofFranceandEnglandinthe16thcenturyclosedbathhous
esbecause_______.A.theylivedhealthilyinadirtyenvironment.B.theythoughtbathhousesweretodirtytostayinC.
theybelieveddiseasecouldbespreadinpublicbathsD.theyconsideredbathingasthecauseofskindisease13.Whichofthefollowingbes
tdescribesHenryIV'sattitudetobathing?A.AfraidB.CuriousC.ApprovingD.Uninterested14.Howdoesthepassagemainlydevelop?A.Byprovidingexam
ples.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byfollowingtheorderoftime.D.Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.15.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.To
stresstheroleofdirt.B.Tointroducethehistoryofdirt.C.Tocallattentiontothedangerofdirt.D.Topresentthechangeofviewsondirt.【答案】12.C13.A1
4.C15.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在大多数人看来,摆脱污垢是一件好事。然而,对于肮脏的态度并不是一成不变的。本文主要按照时间顺序说明了人们对于污垢的看法是在不停地发生着变化。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Intheearly16thcentur
y,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasawaytoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwat
ercouldopenuptheskinandletillnessesin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhisk
ingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.(16世纪早期,人们认为皮肤上的污垢是一种阻挡疾病的方法,医学观点认为,用热水洗去污垢会打开皮肤,让疾病进入。公共澡堂被认为是一个特别危险的地方。
到1538年,法国国王关闭了国内的澡堂。1546年英国国王也是如此。)”可知,这两位国王关闭公共澡堂是因为澡堂洗澡会导致疾病的传播。故选C项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“HenryIV,KingofFrance,
wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.(法国国王亨利四世是
出了名的肮脏。听说一个贵族在洗澡,国王命令贵族不要外出,以免染上疾病。)”可推测出国王很害怕疾病的传播,所以才把这位贵族驱逐出去。故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Intheearly16thcentury,peopletho
ughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.(在1
6世纪早期,人们认为皮肤上的污垢是一种阻挡疾病的手段,因为医学观点认为,用热水洗掉污垢会打开皮肤,让疾病进入)”;第三段第一句“Thoughthebeliefintheadvantageofdirtwaslo
ng-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.(尽管对污垢优势的信念由来已久,但从18世纪开始,污垢
就不再被视为好邻居了)”;以及最后一段中“Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.(如今,人们对污垢的态度仍然差别很大)”可知,文章从16世纪、18世纪到如今来说明人们对于污垢的看法,由此可推知,本文
是按照时间的顺序来组织全文的。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereis
nothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.(在大多数人看来,清除污垢是一件好事。然而,对于污垢的态度并不是一成不变的。)”可知在大多数人看来,摆脱污垢是一件好事。然而,对于肮脏的态度并不是一成不变的。结合本文主要按照时间顺序说明了人们对
于污垢的看法是在不停地发生着变化。由此可推知,作者写这篇文章的目的是展示人们对污垢看法的变化。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Languageexpressesour
identityandreflectswhoweare,andwhowewanttobe.Everytimewespeak,wegivelistenersinformationaboutourselvesa
ndwherewe'refrom.WhenwetravelaroundtheUnitedStatesweoftenhearpeopleask:Oh,areyoufromNewYork/Chicago/Tex
as?___16___Theirguessesmightbebasedonourphonology(alsocalledaccent)oronourchoiceofparticularvocabulary.Interestingly,manyofuscon
siderourwayofspeakingtobeneutral(无倾向性的).It'shardforustohearfeaturesofourownspeechthatmightbeobvioustopeoplewhospeakotherdialects(方言).Langua
geexpertsusethetermdialecttomean"avarietysharedbyagroupofspeakers".___17___Busdrivers,teachers,yourneighbors,CEOsofFortu
ne500companiesandyou(whetheryouknowitornot)speakadialect,too.___18___Andwhy?Theanswerdependsonwhoyouareandwhereyoulive.Weallreco
gnizethatsomelanguagesoundspleasantorcorrectorcooltous-andsomesounds"uneducated"orjustplainbad.___19___Learningwhatwefeelaboutlangua
geisimportanttosocietyforanumberofreasons.Often,childrenwhospeaknon-standarddialectsmaybeinaccuratelyclassifiedas"notk
nowingmuchEnglish"oreven"havingaspeechdefect(缺陷)",withterribleconsequencesforthem.Orpeoplewhoregularlymixwordsorphrasesfrommorethanon
elanguagewithinsentencesarethoughttobeunabletospeakthelanguagesverywell.(Butusuallytheoppositeistrue.)Studyinglanguageh
elpsuslearnabouttheremarkableresourcesofthehumanbrain___20___Italsohelpsusexamineaformofsocialstereotypingwe
maynothavebeenawareexisted.A.Therearealsomanyotherreasons.B.Oratleast,whereareyoufrom?C.Ithelpsuslear
nmoreaboutsocialorganization.D.Clearly,theyknoweverythingaboutus.E.Withsomanydialects,whichoneisthebest?F.Bythis
definition,everyonespeaksadialect.G.Butoneperson'sthumbsdownisanother'sthumbsup.【答案】16.B17.F18.E19.G20.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言的作用
,它能够表明我们的身份等信息,了解我们对语言的感受对社会很重要并且研究语言能够带来很多好处。【16题详解】考查段中句。前文提到:语言表达了我们的身份,反映了我们是谁,我们想成为谁。每次我们说话时,我们都会
向听众提供有关自己以及我们来自何处的信息。当我们在美国旅行时,经常听到人们问:哦,您来自纽约/芝加哥/德克萨斯州吗?后文提到:他们的猜测可能是基于我们的音韵学,也叫口音,或者我们选择的特定词汇。B项(或者至少,你从哪儿来?)与上下
文连接通顺,该选项与前面的问题是在人们旅行时被问到的问题,人们问的这些问题是基于旅行者所说的话语的。故选B。【17题详解】考查段中句。前文提到:有趣的是,我们许多人认为我们的说话方式是中立的。对于说其他方言的人来说,我们很难听到自己的语音特征。语言学家使用方言一词
来表示“一组说话者共享的一种变体”。后文提到:公共汽车司机,老师,您的邻居,财富500强公司的首席执行官以及您(无论您是否知道)也说方言。F项(按照这个定义,每个人都说一种方言。)与上下文连接通顺,该选项中的def
inition指的是前一句语言学家对方言的定义,下文具体的举例子说明每个人都讲方言。故选F。【18题详解】考查段首句。后文提到:为什么呢?答案取决于你是谁,住在哪里。我们都认识到,某些语言听起来对我们而言是令人愉快的或正确的或时尚的,而某些
声音则是“未受过教育的”或简直就是不好的。E项(有那么多种方言,哪一种是最好的?)与下文连接通顺,该选项中的somanydialects与上文每个人都讲方言相对应,下文对之前的两个问题进行了回答,即人们的身份和住址影响到人们对于方言的评价和
判断。故选E。【19题详解】考查段尾句。前文提到:有趣的是,我们许多人认为我们的说话方式是中立的。对于说其他方言的人来说,我们很难听到自己的语音特征。语言学家使用方言一词来表示“一组说话者共享的一种变体”。后文提到:公共汽车司机,
老师,您的邻居,财富500强公司的首席执行官以及您(无论您是否知道)也说方言。G项(但是一个人认可的方言另一个人可能会不接受。)与上文连接通顺,该选项中的thumbsup指的是人们对方言的认可和支持,thumbsdown指的是人们对方言的否定和批判。对一种方言的评价,
不同的人有不同的看法。故选G。【20题详解】考查段中句。前文提到:学习语言有助于我们了解人脑的重要资源。后文提到:这也有助于我们研究一种我们可能不知道存在的社会定型观念。C项(它可以帮助我们更多地了解社会
组织。)与上下文连接通顺,该段落连续使用三个句子来说明研究语言能够带来的好处。故选C。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面的短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填
入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ThroughoutmyhighschoolcareerI'vemadeapointofdoingwhatmanypeoplefailtodoonadailybasis:reflectandass
essmylifeanddecisions.I'ma(n)___21___andIanalyzeandcontemplate(沉思),sometimestoomuch,butalwayswiththeinte
ntionof___22___somethingnewaboutmyself.Youmightbe___23___tolearnthatIdomybestthinkingnotintheclassroom,notinthebedroom,butintheba
throom.ThebathroomhasalwaysbeenaplacewhereIcansitin___24___.Theclosestthingtoa(n)___25___isapoliteknockonth
edoor,andquietis___26___maintained.Bathroomsarealwayskeptclean,and___27___areprovidedforsufficientself-inspec
tion.___28___,thebathroomistheidealplaceforreflection.Mybathroom,whichissituatedabrief___29___downthehallfrommybedroom,isawo
nderfulplacewhereIcantakecomfort.____30____alongdayofhardwork,I____31____formybathroomtoreflectonthepastdayandthedaysahead.Ithi
nkaboutmyfriendsandfamily,andwhatthey____32____tome.Ievenrealizethenumerous____33____thatIhaverecently
made,and____34____toputthemright.ThethinkingIdointhebathroom—whetheritisa____35____aboutmyfutureasarockstar,or
therealizationthatmymotherwasinfactcorrect-isimportanttome.Takingthetimetothinkandreflecthas____36____metomakegooddecisions.Andthen
Iwill____37____whatisimportanttome.Insteadoflivingmylife____38____,I'vemadeachoicetothinkdeeplyandkeepthingsi
nperspective.Tome,thebathroomisnotaplaceto____39____thechallengesofreality,butratheraplaceto____40____thosechallengesthroughthep
owerofhumanintelligence.21.A.doctorB.thinkerC.observerD.reader22.A.learningB.recordingC.mentioningD.aband
oning23.A.worriedB.surprisedC.excitedD.disappointed24.A.regretB.patienceC.prideD.peace25.A.celebrationB.invitationC.descripti
onD.interruption26.A.poorlyB.quicklyC.continuallyD.occasionally27.A.mirrorsB.picturesC.camerasD.towels28.A.AtpresentB.OnaverageC.AtlastD.Ins
hort29.A.rideB.walkC.jumpD.roll30.A.AfterB.UntilC.BeforeD.As31.A.waitB.prepareC.headD.stand32.A.introduceB.re
ferC.giveD.mean33.A.mistakesB.promisesC.goalsD.challenges34A.affordB.forgetC.attemptD.refuse35.A.dutyB.ruleC.fantasyD.project3
6.A.beggedB.allowedC.orderedD.forced37.A.callonB.relyonC.focusonD.liveon38.A.blindlyB.slowlyC.unluckilyD.pain
fully39.A.acceptB.rememberC.delayD.escape40.A.avoidB.conquerC.meetD.create【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.D25.D26.C27.A28.D29.B30.A31.C32.D3
3.A34.C35.C36.B37.C38.A39.D40.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过谈论自己的浴室反思行动,讲述了作者高中生涯中,一直在做许多人每天都没有做的事情:反思和评估自己的生活和决定。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨
析。句意:我是一个思考者,我分析和思考,有时太多,但总是为了了解自己的新东西。A.doctor医生;B.thinker思考者;C.observer观察者;D.reader读者。根据后文“Ianalyze
andcontemplate”以及“Idomybestthinking”,结合选项可知,作者是个思考者。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动名词词义辨析。句意:我是一个思考者,我分析和思考,有时太多,但总是为了了解有关自己的新东西。A.learning学习,认识到
;B.recording记录;C.mentioning提到;D.abandoning放弃。根据前文“Ianalyzeandcontemplate”以及后文“somethingnewaboutmyself”可知,作者总是在学习了解有关自己的新东西。
故选A项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:你可能会惊讶地发现,我最好的思考不是在教室里,不是在卧室里,而是在浴室里。A.worried担忧的;B.surprised惊讶的;C.excited激动的;D.disappointed失望
的。根据常识及后文“Idomybestthinkingnotintheclassroom,notinthebedroom,butinthebathroom”可知,作者的思考习惯似乎和常人不同,所以作者认为读者可能会对此感到“惊讶”。故选B项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:浴
室一直是一个我可以安静坐着的地方。A.regret遗憾;B.patience耐心;C.pride骄傲;D.peace和平,安静。根据后文“andquietis___6___maintained”可知,作者在浴室里可以保持安静。故选D项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:最接近打断的事情就
是礼貌地敲门,然后就会持续保持安静。A.celebration庆祝;B.invitation邀请;C.description描述;D.interruption打断。根据常识及后文“apoliteknockont
hedoor”可知,礼貌地敲门声可能会打断这种安静。故选D项。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:最接近打断的事情就是礼貌地敲门,然后就会持续保持安静。A.poorly糟糕地;B.quickly迅速地;C.continua
lly不停地,持续地;D.occasionally偶然地。基于前文的分析,根据语境及前文“Theclosestthingtoa(n)___5___isapoliteknockonthedoor”可知,除了敲门声以外
,这种安静会持续保持下去。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:浴室经常保持清洁,并提供镜子,以充分自我检查。A.mirrors镜子;B.pictures图画;C.cameras相机;D.towels毛巾。根据常识及后
文“forsufficientself-inspection”可知,浴室里面要有镜子才能看到自我,并充分自我检查。故选A项。【28题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:简而言之,浴室是沉思的理想场所。A.Atpresent目前;B.Onaverage平均;C.Atlast最后
;D.Inshort简言之。根据文章结构发展以及后文“thebathroomistheidealplaceforreflection”内容可知,这是对上文的概括总结。故选D项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我
的浴室离我的卧室只有几步之遥,是一个让我感到舒适的好地方。A.ride乘车,骑;B.walk步行,步行距离;C.jump跳跃;D.roll滚动。根据常识可知,浴室距离卧室只有几步之遥,并且一般都是步行去。故选B项。【30题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意:经过一天的辛苦工作,我走向浴室
,反思过去的一天和未来的日子。A.After在……之后;B.Until直到;C.Before在……之前;D.As当……时。根据常识及句意可知,“I___11___formybathroomtoreflectonthepastdayandtheday
sahead”发生在“alongdayofhardwork”之后,故应用连词after连接。故选A项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:经过一天的辛苦工作,我走向浴室,反思过去的一天和未来的日子。A.wait等待;B.prepare准备;C.head朝……方向
走;D.stand站立。根据前文“___8___,thebathroomistheidealplaceforreflection.”可知,浴室是作者沉思的理想场所,所以作者在一天工作后,走向浴室,反思过去,展望未来。故
选C项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我想到我的朋友和家人,以及他们对我的意义。A.introduce介绍;B.refer参考,提及;C.give给;D.mean意思是,意味着。基于前文的分析可知,
浴室是作者沉思的场所,根据前文“Ithinkaboutmyfriendsandfamily”可知,此处指作者想到家人朋友对他的意义。故选D项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我甚至意识到我最近犯了许多错误
,并试图改正它们。A.mistakes错误;B.promises承诺;C.goals目标;D.challenges挑战。根据后文“and___14___toputthemright”可知,此处指作者所犯错误。故选A项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我甚至意识到我最近犯了许多错误,并
试图改正它们。A.afford买得起;B.forget忘记;C.attempt企图;D.refuse拒绝。基于前文的分析,根据后文“toputthemright”可知,作者在反思过程中,发现错误,所以指,试图改正错误。故选C项。【35题
详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我在浴室里的想法——无论是幻想我将来成为一个摇滚明星,还是意识到我母亲其实是正确的——对我来说很重要。A.duty任务;B.rule规则;C.fantasy幻想;D.project项目。根据后文“aboutmyfutureasarockstar”可知,此处指还未必
能实现的“幻想”。故选C项。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:花时间去思考和反思让我能够做出好的决定。A.begged祈求;B.allowed允许,使……有可能;C.ordered命令;D.forced强迫。根据常识和句意可知,花
时间去思考和反思是做出好的决定的条件,它使作者做出正确决定成为可能。故选B项。【37题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:然后我会专注于对我来说重要的事情。A.callon拜访;B.relyon依靠;C.focuson专注于;D.liveon依靠……生活。根据后文“I'vemadeacho
icetothinkdeeplyandkeepthingsinperspective”可知,作者会专注于重要的事情。故选C项。【38题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:我没有盲目地生活,而是深入地思考,正确地看待事物。A.blindly盲目地;B.slowly慢慢地;C.
unluckily不幸地;D.painfully痛苦地。根据后文“I'vemadeachoicetothinkdeeplyandkeepthingsinperspective”可知,作者没有盲目地生活。故选A项。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:对我来说,浴室不是一个逃避现实挑战的地
方,而是一个通过人类智慧的力量征服这些挑战的地方。A.accept接受;B.remember记住;C.delay延迟;D.escape逃脱。基于前文的分析,根据后“butratheraplaceto___20___thosechallengesthroughth
epowerofhumanintelligence.”可知,浴室是作者沉思的场所,通过反思能够做出更好的决定,所以浴室不是避免挑战的场所。故选D项。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:对我来说,浴室不是一个逃避现实挑战的地方,而是一个通过人类智慧的力量征服这些挑战的地方。A.av
oid避免;B.conquer征服;C.meet会见;D.create创造。基于前文的分析可知,浴室是作者沉思的场所,通过反思能够做出更好的决定。结合后文“thosechallengesthroughthepowerofhumanintelligence”可以推断,此处指,通过人
类智慧的力量征服这些挑战。故选B项。第Ⅱ卷第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式Chinahasonceagainshoweditsabilitytochangetheworldwithits"
fourgreatnew____41____(invent)"---high-speedrail,electronicpayment,sharedbicycle,andonlineshopping.China'snew-gene
rationhigh-speedtrain,theFuxingHao,isnowoneofthe____42____(fast)trainsintheworld,whichcantravelataspeedof350km/h.Apart____43____high-speedrail,
theotherthree____44____(improve)people'slivesoverthelastdecade.Bikesharing,forexample,hasmade____45____much
moreconvenientforpeopletogetaroundindailylife.Whenridingasharedbike,youcanstop____46____(buy)andeatwhateveryouwant____4
7____(simple)withataponyourphone.What'smore,cashlesspaymenthasgrownintoa____48____(choose)forChinesepeople.B
io-paymentsaregraduallyreplacingpasswordstobecometheprimarymeansofpaymentinfuture.Ashighas60.3percentofpayments
madeviaAlibaba'sT-mallandTaobaowereaccomplishedbyusers'scanningtheirfingerprintsorfacesinsteadofenteringpass
words.Thefourinnovativewaysoflifearemost____49____(appeal)tonumerousforeignpeople,mostof____50____wishtheircountrieswouldachievegreatprogr
esslikeChinaintermsoftechnologicalachievements.【答案】41.inventions42.fastest43.from44.haveimproved45.it46.tobuy47.simply48.choic
e49.appealing50.whom【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中国的“新四大发明”——高铁、电子支付、共享单车和网络购物及其对人们生活的影响。【41题详解】考查名词。句意:中国以其“新四大发
明”——高铁、电子支付、共享单车和网络购物,再次展示了改变世界的能力。作介词with的宾语用名词,four修饰可数名词复数,故填inventions。【42题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意:中国新一代高速列车复兴号是目前世界上速度最快的列车之一,时速可达350公里。oneof后的
名词常用形容词最高级修饰,故填fastest。【43题详解】考查固定短语。句意:除了高铁,其他三个(发明)在过去十年里也改善了人们的生活。apartfrom是固定短语,表示“除了”,故填from。【44题详解】考
查时态。句意同上,时间状语“overthelastdecade”表明此处用现在完成时,主语是theotherthree,谓语动词用复数形式,故填haveimproved。【45题详解】考查形式宾语。句意:例如,共享单车让人们在日常生活中出行更方便。分析句子结构可知
。此处用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式,故填it。【46题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当你骑共享自行车时,你可以停下来买任何你想吃的东西,只需轻敲一下你的手机。stoptodo表示“停下来去做某事
”,故填tobuy。【47题详解】考查副词。句意同上,修饰withataponyourphone用副词作状语,故填simply。【48题详解】考查名词。句意:无现金支付已经成为中国人的一种选择。作动词短语growninto的宾语用名词,故填choice。【49题详解】考查形容词。句意:这四
种创新的生活方式对许多外国人来说是最具吸引力的,他们中的大多数人都希望他们的国家能在科技方面取得像中国一样的巨大进步。此处缺少形容词作表语,beappealingto表示“对……有吸引力”,故填appealing。【50题详解】考查
非限定性定语从句。句意同上,此处为非限定性定语从句,关系词指代先行词foreignpeople并在从句中作介词of的宾语,故填whom。第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满
分10分)51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并
在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。LastweekInoticedJ
ackcoughinginourmathclass.Seethis,Iofferedtotakehimtoaclinic.ThereadoctoraskedJackifshehadcoughedforlongtime,Jacknoddedhisheadsimmediately.Thedoctort
henwroteaprescription(处方)withinstructionsonwhattotaketheChinesemedicine.WhenJacktastedtothemedicine,healmostbroughtitup.Icomf
ortedhimwithanoldsaying“Goodmedicineforhealthtastedbittertothemouth”.Jackmanagedtodrinkitunwilling.Butwhenherecoveredthi
rddayslater,hefeltamazingattheeffectoftheChinesemedicine.【答案】1.See→Seeing2.she→he3.long前加a4.heads→head5.what→how6.去掉to7.tasted→tastes8.u
nwilling→unwillingly9.third→three10.amazing→amazed【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者带Jack去看中医,Jack对中药疗效感到惊讶的故事。【详解】1.考查非谓语动词。句意:看到这个,我主动提出
带他去诊所。分析句子可知,句中存在谓语动词offered,且see与其逻辑主语I之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式作状语,位于句首,首字母大写。故将See改为Seeing。2.考查代词。句意:医生问Jack,他是否咳嗽很久了。根据上文的“him”可知,J
ack是男孩,作主语用人称代词主格he,故将she改为he。3.考查冠词。句意:医生问Jack,他是否咳嗽很久了。分析句子可知,此处alongtime是固定搭配意为“很长一段时间”。故在long前加a。4.考查名词。句意:Jack立刻点了点头。根据句意
可知,此处表示Jack点了点头,head应用单数,故将heads改为head。5.考查连词。句意:医生写了一个处方,处方上写着一些关于如何服用中药的指导。根据句意,此处表示“如何服用中药”,用how“如何”,what“什么”不符合语境。故将wh
at改为how。6.考查介词。句意:当Jack尝了药后差点吐了出来。taste表示“品尝”,是及物动词,接宾语无需介词,故去掉tasted后的to。7.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:我用一句老话安慰他,“良药苦口利于病”。描述客观事实用一般现在时,且主语medicine是单数,谓
语相应地用单数,故将tasted改为tastes。8.考查副词。句意:杰克不情愿地吞下了它们。修饰动词用副词作状语,故将unwilling改为unwillingly。9.考查数词。句意:但是三天后他康复了,他对中药的疗效感到惊讶。threedayslater“三天后
”,修饰复数名词days用基数词three。故将third改为three。10.考查形容词。句意:但是三天后他康复了,他对中药的疗效感到惊讶。分析句子可知,此处形容词修饰人,表示人的感受,使用amazed,am
azing修饰物,表示事物的特征,不符题意。故将amazing改为amazed。第二节书面表达(满分25分)52.我校学生会组织以“我的中国梦”为主题的英语演讲比赛。假设你是李华,请以“DreamsLig
htenMyLife”为题写一篇演讲稿。内容包括:(1)自我简介;(2)你的梦想是什么?(3)如何实现自己的梦想?注意:1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。【答案】LadiesandGentlemen,Goodafternoon!I’mLiHua,aged17,
asunnyandoutgoingmiddleschoolstudentasyousee.Today,it’smyhonortostandheregivingaspeechwiththetitleof“DreamsLightenMyLif
e”.EveryoneembracesdifferentdreamstolightenortocontributetothegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.Whenitcomestome,I’vebeendreamingofbecomingadoctorsi
ncechildhood.WhenIseepeoplesufferinganddyingofillnesses,Imadeupmymindtohelpthesickandcurethemoftheirdiseases.Ihopet
oseeaworldwherethereisnocancer,noAids,nofataldiseases.Admittedly,topursueandfulfillmydream,Iwillalwayskeepitinmindsoastotrymosttobeadmittedbyakeym
edicaluniversity,thuslearningtheessentialknowledgeandaccumulatingagreatdealofexperience.Thisismydream,lighteningmylifefarahead.N
owIbelieveIhaveonemoresteptoclosetoit,right?Thankyouforyourlistening!【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“我的中国梦”为题,写一篇英语演讲
稿,介绍自己的梦想及如何实现。【详解】1.词汇积累拥有(梦想):have→embrace;决定做某事:decidetodo→makeupone'smindtodo;当然;诚然:certainly→admittedly;实现梦想:achieveone'sdream→fulfillone
'sdream。2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句:EveryoneembracesdifferentdreamstolightenortocontributetothegreatrejuvenationoftheChine
senation.拓展句:EveryoneembracesdifferentdreamstolightenortocontributetothegreatrejuvenationoftheChinese
nationevenifsomedreamsarenotambitious.【点睛】[高分句型1]Whenitcomestome,I’vebeendreamingofbecomingadoctorsincechildhood.
(运用了状语从句及现在完成进行时态)[高分句型2]Ihopetoseeaworldwherethereisnocancer,noAids,nofataldiseases.(运用了where引导的定语从
句)