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考点分类练(二)细节理解题——间接信息类A(2022山东济南高三二模)ColletteDivitto,31,wasbornwithDown’sSyndrome(唐氏综合征),butsheisfarfromdisabled.Thiswomanchannele

dherpassionforbakingintoacookiebusinesswithaglobalmissiontochangetheworld,onecookieatatime.BasedinBoston,Massachus

etts,hercompanywasfoundedin2016.Althoughshedidn’tplanonbeingabusinessowner,shereallycreatedjobsfordisabledpeoplewithalltypesofabilities.Shes

aidthatsheopenedthebakeryafterreceivingnumerousjobinterviewrejections,oftenbeingtoldshewasnot“agoodfit”fo

rthecompany.“Itwassadanditwashard,”shesaid.“Tome,itfeltliketheydidn’tlikemeatallbecauseofwhoIam.Noonewo

uldhireme,soIdecidedtoopenmyownbusiness.”Thepathtosuccesswasn’teasy.Divitto’smotherRosemaryAlfredodidn’traiseherdaughtertothin

kofherselfasdifferentfromherclassmates.ButthischangedwhenDivittowasinthefourthgradeandshewasbulliedbyaboyinherclasswhostarte

dcallingher“DownSyndrome”.Hermotherhadtohaveaconversationwithheraboutwhatitmeantandfromthenon,Divittoworkedhardtobefullyacceptedatsch

ool.Divittoisnotrestingonherhonors.Abigpartofhercompany’smissionistohelppeoplewithdisabilitiesfindjobs.Sheisalsotheauthoroft

wochildren’sbooksandshewasfeaturedonthedocumentaryBornforBusiness,aboutpioneerswithdisabilities.Divittoalsorunsanonprofitorganization

,Collettey’sLeadershipOrg.Herfirstpriorityistoletpeoplestartseeingabilitiesinthephysicallydisadvantagedand

toemploy82percentofthepeoplewithdisabilitieswhoarecapableofworkingbutcannotfindjobs.Withherdriveandvision,D

ivittoissuretobeasuccess.1.WhatdroveDivittotostartherownbusiness?A.Thedesiretohelpothers.B.Thefailuretofindajob.C.Theprospectofbakery.D.Thepa

ssionforbaking.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutDivittofromparagraph4?A.Sheattemptstobeapioneer.B.Sheaimstoassistthedisab

led.C.Shewantstoenlargeherbusiness.D.Sheplanstodirectadocumentary.3.WhatconcernsDivittomostaboutthedisabled?A.Equalhumanrights.B.Theirworking

conditions.C.Chancesofself-development.D.Recognitionoftheirabilities.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeDivitto?A.Independentandstri

ct.B.Ambitiousandhumorous.C.Determinedandresponsible.D.Outgoingandknowledgeable.BDespiteKyleTianshibeingonlya15-year-oldUShighschooler

,hehaspublishedfivesci-finovels.HisfifthbookEventidewasreleasedinJuly.However,thismaynotbehismostimpressiveachievementasKylejustreceivedthe“HeroAwa

rd”,a$20,000grandprize.ItisthetophonorintheCaliforniaYouthSustainabilityAwards.Thecompetitionaimstoencourage

andsupportyoungcommunityleaderswhoaremakingadifferenceforsustainabilityintheircommunitiesbytakingactionfortheplanet.Kyle,asophomo

refromtheCambridgeSchoolintheUS,receivedthehonorforhisportableinventioncalledNEREID.Thedevicecandetectmicroscopicparticles(粒子)i

nwaterbyusingalaserandmicroscope.Theseparticlescanbeharmfultopeopleandtheenvironment.Kylecameupwithth

eideafortheinventionbasedonhisexperiencegrowingupinSanDiego,California,US.Peoplehadnoaccesstounpolluteddrinkingwate

randhisparentsaskedhimnottodrinktapwater.Kylespentabout$60buyingthetoolsneededtoanalyzethetapwater:alase

r,amicroscopeandamicro-computer.“It’sincrediblypowerfulfortheprice,”Kylesaid.Thenheusedtheirfamily’sgarageashislaboratory,doingresearchonthepollutio

nofdrinkingwatercausedbymicro-plastics.Kylehopestobringtothemarketalow-costalternativetoolfordetectingmicro-plasticpollutionlevelsindrinkingwa

ter.Inthisway,hecanofferhelptopeoplewhodon’thaveaccesstowaterfiltration(过滤)systems.Hehasappliedforapatent.Kyles

aidhissisterEmily,afreshmanatStanfordUniversity,inspiredhisinterestinenvironmentalresearch.Shewasrecognizednat

ionallyfordevelopingawatercollectiondevice.TheyhavefoundedtheClearwaterInnovationprogramtoadvocateforcleanw

aterthroughsocialmediaplatformsandorganizecommunitycleanupevents.5.WhatdoweknowaboutKyle?A.Heisgoodatadaptingsci-fiworks.B.Heenteredmanyno

velcontests.C.Hereceivedanawardforhisinvention.D.He’sfoundmicroscopicparticlesinwater.6.WhatledtoKyle’screationofNEREID?A.People

’slackofcleandrinkingwater.B.People’spoorlivingconditions.C.Hisdesiretobeacommunityleader.D.Hisfamily’sencouragement.7.Whichofthefollowingbestdescri

besKyle?A.Considerateandbrave.B.Optimisticandhonest.C.Determinedandhumorous.D.Responsibleandcreative.8.What’sthetextmainl

yabout?A.TheintroductionofNEREID.B.Aboy’scontributiontoliterature.C.Theharmofpollutedwater.D.AUSschooler’swatersolution.C(2

022河北保定高三一模)AnewUNreportissettorevealthatupto1millionspeciesfaceextinctionbecauseofhumanactions.Wearecausingamassextinctioneve

nt,andcriticallywecannotseparateoneenvironmentalcrisisfromanother.Thebiodiversitylosscannotbeseparatedfromclimatechange,orfromhumanpopula

tiongrowthorpollutionorplasticsinouroceans.Thesechallengesareallinterconnected.Ifwecontinuetoconsidertheseproblemsseparat

ely,solutionswillcontinuetoemergefartooslowly.Theconnectionsbetweenthesecrisesmakesolutionsseemalltoodifficult.Butinfact,asolutiontooneproblemwi

llunavoidablymakeapositiveimpactonmanyotherstoo.Morethan28,000peoplearedyingbecauseofpollutedaireachyearinBritainandairpollutionislinke

dtoexperiencesofmentaldiseaseandareductionineducationalachievement.It’snotrocketscience:improvingairqualityinourcitiesbycutti

ngpollutingvehicleswillbringavastrangeofbenefitstohumanhealth,andhelpdealwithclimatechange,too.GeorgeMonbiotadvocatestakinglandoutofmeatpro

ductionandrewildingit.Thiswillnotonlyboostbiodiversityenormouslybutwillalsodealwithglobalwarmingbecausethoserewilded,rewettedlandswil

lcapturesignificantlymorecarbon.Iftheselandsarealsoopenedupforustoenjoy,ourphysicalandmentalhealthwillbebetter.Thus,werepairtheecology

ofdestruction.Itcanbedifficulttoknowwhatwecandoasindividuals—butatleastweallpossessanincreasinglyunderstandingof

howfarming,consumptionandenergy-useimpactupontheplanet.Ifeveryonemakesasmallchange,thatwillmakeadifferencetoo

urplanet.We’renotstrugglingtofindideastosolveproblemseithergloballyorlocally.It’sactionwe’relacking,inthegovernmentandbeyond,asindivid

ualsandtogetherasaspecies.Ifweactnow,wemaybesurprisedathowtheseseeminglyvastproblemsdecreasequickerthanweimagine.9

.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytellus?A.Theageofmassextinctionhasarrived.B.Environmentalcrisesareinterrelated.C.Humansaretoblameformassextincti

on.D.Environmentalcrisesshouldbesolvedseparately.10.Whyarerewildedlandsbeneficialtocontrollingglobalwar

ming?A.Theyattracttourists.B.Theyprovidehabitatforbirds.C.Theytakeincarbon.D.Theyboostbiodiversity.11.Whatdoestheauthorcallonpeopl

etodo?A.Takeactionnow.B.Findabetteridea.C.Cooperatewithothers.D.Turntothegovernment.12.Wheredoesthistextprobabl

ycomefrom?A.Anewsreport.B.Ascientificjournal.C.Aclimatehandbook.D.Abiologytextbook.考点分类练(二)细节理解题——间接信息类【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文

中主人公ColletteDivitto不屈服于疾病,成立公司,让更多残疾人的能力被认可。1.B解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Althoughshedidn’tplanonbeingabusinessowner

...Shesaidthatsheopenedthebakeryafterreceivingnumerousjobinterviewrejections,oftenbeingtoldshewasnot‘agoodfit’forthecompany.”可知,她

原本并不打算成为一名企业家,但她面试时屡屡被面试官用“不适合”这样的理由拒绝,因而“找不到工作”是她自己开店的动力,故选B项。2.B解析:细节理解题。由第四段中的“Abigpartofhercompany’smissionistohe

lppeoplewithdisabilitiesfindjobs.”可知,她的公司的主要目的是帮助残疾人找到工作,由此可知Divitto的目的是帮助残疾人,故选B项。3.D解析:推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Her

firstpriorityistoletpeoplestartseeingabilitiesinthephysicallydisadvantaged...”可知,她的首要任务是让人们看到那些身体残疾的人也有工作能力,由此推知,Divitt

o最关心的是“让人们看到残疾人的能力并认可他们”,故选D项。4.C解析:推理判断题。本文主要讲述Divitto不屈服于疾病,开创公司,让更多的残疾人被认可的故事,她勇敢地面对困难,且坚定自己的目标和使命,由此推断,她是一个意志坚定、有强烈责任心的人,故选C项。【

语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了15岁的KyleTianshi发明了能检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备,并荣获“加州青年可持续发展奖”这一荣誉的故事。5.C解析:细节理解题。由第二段第一句“Kyle

,asophomorefromtheCambridgeSchoolintheUS,receivedthehonorforhisportableinventioncalledNEREID.”可知,Kyle因他的发明而获奖

,故选C项。6.A解析:细节理解题。由第三段中的“KylecameupwiththeideafortheinventionbasedonhisexperiencegrowingupinSanDiego,Californ

ia,US.Peoplehadnoaccesstounpolluteddrinkingwaterandhisparentsaskedhimnottodrinktapwater.”可知,Kyle之所以发明NE

REID是因为人们缺乏干净的饮用水,故选A项。7.D解析:推理判断题。由文中内容可知,Kyle发明NEREID,使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水,并通过实际行动倡导清洁用水,保护环境,由此可知,他是一位有责任心而且很有创意的人,故选D

项。8.D解析:主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章讲述15岁的KyleTianshi发明了能检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备,使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水,还创立清水创新项目,倡导清洁用水,因而D项“一位美国学生对于水的解决方案”能够概括文章大意,故选D项。【语篇导读】本文

是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了各种环境问题的相互关联以及立即行动解决问题的可行性。9.B解析:段落大意题。由第一段中的“Thesechallengesareallinterconnected.Ifwec

ontinuetoconsidertheseproblemsseparately,solutionswillcontinuetoemergefartooslowly(这些挑战都是相互关联的。如果我们继续单独考虑这些问题,解决办法的出现将继续

缓慢得多).”可知,本段主要说明各种环境危机是相互关联的,故选B项。10.C解析:细节理解题。由第三段中的“Thiswillnotonlyboostbiodiversityenormouslybutwillalsodea

lwithglobalwarmingbecausethoserewilded,rewettedlandswillcapturesignificantlymorecarbon.”可知,恢复自然地貌和湿地的地

方可以吸收更多的碳,从而减缓了气候变暖,故选C项。11.A解析:细节理解题。由最后一段中的“It’sactionwe’relacking,inthegovernmentandbeyond,asindividualsandtogetherasaspe

cies(这是我们所缺乏的行动,无论是政府还是其他部门,无论是作为个人还是作为一个物种).”可知,作者呼吁我们要立刻行动起来,故选A项。