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考点分类练(二)细节理解题——间接信息类A(2022山东济南高三二模)ColletteDivitto,31,wasbornwithDown’sSyndrome(唐氏综合征),butsheisfarfromd

isabled.Thiswomanchanneledherpassionforbakingintoacookiebusinesswithaglobalmissiontochangetheworld,onecookieatatime.BasedinBoston,Massach

usetts,hercompanywasfoundedin2016.Althoughshedidn’tplanonbeingabusinessowner,shereallycreatedjobsfordisabledpeoplewithalltypesofabilities.Shesaidt

hatsheopenedthebakeryafterreceivingnumerousjobinterviewrejections,oftenbeingtoldshewasnot“agoodfit”forthecompany.“Itwassadan

ditwashard,”shesaid.“Tome,itfeltliketheydidn’tlikemeatallbecauseofwhoIam.Noonewouldhireme,soIdecidedtoopenmyownbusiness.”Thepathtosuccesswasn’

teasy.Divitto’smotherRosemaryAlfredodidn’traiseherdaughtertothinkofherselfasdifferentfromherclassmates.ButthischangedwhenDivittowasi

nthefourthgradeandshewasbulliedbyaboyinherclasswhostartedcallingher“DownSyndrome”.Hermotherhadtohavea

conversationwithheraboutwhatitmeantandfromthenon,Divittoworkedhardtobefullyacceptedatschool.Divittoisnotrestingonherhonor

s.Abigpartofhercompany’smissionistohelppeoplewithdisabilitiesfindjobs.Sheisalsotheauthoroftwochildren’sbooksandshewasfeaturedonthedocu

mentaryBornforBusiness,aboutpioneerswithdisabilities.Divittoalsorunsanonprofitorganization,Collettey’sLeadershipOrg.Herfirstpriorityistoletpeo

plestartseeingabilitiesinthephysicallydisadvantagedandtoemploy82percentofthepeoplewithdisabilitieswhoarecapableo

fworkingbutcannotfindjobs.Withherdriveandvision,Divittoissuretobeasuccess.1.WhatdroveDivittotostartherownbusiness?A.Thedesiretohelpothers.B.Thef

ailuretofindajob.C.Theprospectofbakery.D.Thepassionforbaking.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutDivittofromparagraph4?A.Sheattemptstobeapioneer.B.Sheaimsto

assistthedisabled.C.Shewantstoenlargeherbusiness.D.Sheplanstodirectadocumentary.3.WhatconcernsDivittomostaboutthedisabled?A.Equalhumanri

ghts.B.Theirworkingconditions.C.Chancesofself-development.D.Recognitionoftheirabilities.4.Whichofthefoll

owingcanbestdescribeDivitto?A.Independentandstrict.B.Ambitiousandhumorous.C.Determinedandresponsible.D.Outgoingandknowledgeable.BDespiteKyleTianshi

beingonlya15-year-oldUShighschooler,hehaspublishedfivesci-finovels.HisfifthbookEventidewasreleasedinJuly.However,thismayno

tbehismostimpressiveachievementasKylejustreceivedthe“HeroAward”,a$20,000grandprize.Itisthetophonorin

theCaliforniaYouthSustainabilityAwards.Thecompetitionaimstoencourageandsupportyoungcommunityleaderswhoaremakin

gadifferenceforsustainabilityintheircommunitiesbytakingactionfortheplanet.Kyle,asophomorefromtheCambridgeSchoolintheUS,receivedthehono

rforhisportableinventioncalledNEREID.Thedevicecandetectmicroscopicparticles(粒子)inwaterbyusingalaserandmicroscope.Theseparticlescanbe

harmfultopeopleandtheenvironment.KylecameupwiththeideafortheinventionbasedonhisexperiencegrowingupinSanDiego,California,US.Peoplehadn

oaccesstounpolluteddrinkingwaterandhisparentsaskedhimnottodrinktapwater.Kylespentabout$60buyingthetoolsneededtoanalyze

thetapwater:alaser,amicroscopeandamicro-computer.“It’sincrediblypowerfulfortheprice,”Kylesaid.Thenheusedtheirfa

mily’sgarageashislaboratory,doingresearchonthepollutionofdrinkingwatercausedbymicro-plastics.Kylehopestobringtothemarketalow-costalternativet

oolfordetectingmicro-plasticpollutionlevelsindrinkingwater.Inthisway,hecanofferhelptopeoplewhodon’thaveaccesstowaterfiltrat

ion(过滤)systems.Hehasappliedforapatent.KylesaidhissisterEmily,afreshmanatStanfordUniversity,inspiredhisinterestinenvironmentalresearch.Shewasreco

gnizednationallyfordevelopingawatercollectiondevice.TheyhavefoundedtheClearwaterInnovationprogramtoadvocateforc

leanwaterthroughsocialmediaplatformsandorganizecommunitycleanupevents.5.WhatdoweknowaboutKyle?A.Heisgoodatada

ptingsci-fiworks.B.Heenteredmanynovelcontests.C.Hereceivedanawardforhisinvention.D.He’sfoundmicroscopicparticlesi

nwater.6.WhatledtoKyle’screationofNEREID?A.People’slackofcleandrinkingwater.B.People’spoorlivingconditions.C.Hisdesiretobeacommunityleader.D.Hisfamil

y’sencouragement.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKyle?A.Considerateandbrave.B.Optimisticandhonest.C.Determineda

ndhumorous.D.Responsibleandcreative.8.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.TheintroductionofNEREID.B.Aboy’scontributiontoliterature.C.Thehar

mofpollutedwater.D.AUSschooler’swatersolution.C(2022河北保定高三一模)AnewUNreportissettorevealthatupto1millionspeciesfaceextinctionbecauseof

humanactions.Wearecausingamassextinctionevent,andcriticallywecannotseparateoneenvironmentalcrisisfromanother.Thebiodiversityloss

cannotbeseparatedfromclimatechange,orfromhumanpopulationgrowthorpollutionorplasticsinouroceans.Thesechallengesareallinterconnected.

Ifwecontinuetoconsidertheseproblemsseparately,solutionswillcontinuetoemergefartooslowly.Theconnectionsbetweenthesecrisesmakeso

lutionsseemalltoodifficult.Butinfact,asolutiontooneproblemwillunavoidablymakeapositiveimpactonmanyotherstoo.Mor

ethan28,000peoplearedyingbecauseofpollutedaireachyearinBritainandairpollutionislinkedtoexperiencesofmentaldiseaseandareductionineducat

ionalachievement.It’snotrocketscience:improvingairqualityinourcitiesbycuttingpollutingvehicleswillbringavastrangeofbenefitstohumanhealth,andhelpde

alwithclimatechange,too.GeorgeMonbiotadvocatestakinglandoutofmeatproductionandrewildingit.Thiswillnotonlyboostbiod

iversityenormouslybutwillalsodealwithglobalwarmingbecausethoserewilded,rewettedlandswillcapturesignificantlymorecarbon.Iftheselandsarealsoopenedupfor

ustoenjoy,ourphysicalandmentalhealthwillbebetter.Thus,werepairtheecologyofdestruction.Itcanbedifficulttoknowwhatwecan

doasindividuals—butatleastweallpossessanincreasinglyunderstandingofhowfarming,consumptionandenergy-useimpactupontheplanet.Ifeveryo

nemakesasmallchange,thatwillmakeadifferencetoourplanet.We’renotstrugglingtofindideastosolveproblemseitherglobally

orlocally.It’sactionwe’relacking,inthegovernmentandbeyond,asindividualsandtogetherasaspecies.Ifweactnow,wemaybesurprisedathowth

eseseeminglyvastproblemsdecreasequickerthanweimagine.9.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytellus?A.Theageofmassextinctionhasarriv

ed.B.Environmentalcrisesareinterrelated.C.Humansaretoblameformassextinction.D.Environmentalcrisesshouldbesolvedseparately

.10.Whyarerewildedlandsbeneficialtocontrollingglobalwarming?A.Theyattracttourists.B.Theyprovidehabitatforbirds.C.Theytakein

carbon.D.Theyboostbiodiversity.11.Whatdoestheauthorcallonpeopletodo?A.Takeactionnow.B.Findabetteridea.C.Co

operatewithothers.D.Turntothegovernment.12.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Anewsreport.B.Ascientificjournal

.C.Aclimatehandbook.D.Abiologytextbook.考点分类练(二)细节理解题——间接信息类【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文中主人公ColletteDivitto不屈服于疾病,成立公司,让更多残疾人的能力被认可。1.B解析:细节理解题。根据第二段

中的“Althoughshedidn’tplanonbeingabusinessowner...Shesaidthatsheopenedthebakeryafterreceivingnumerousjobinterviewrejecti

ons,oftenbeingtoldshewasnot‘agoodfit’forthecompany.”可知,她原本并不打算成为一名企业家,但她面试时屡屡被面试官用“不适合”这样的理由拒绝,因而“找不到工作”是她自己开店的动力,故选B项。2.B

解析:细节理解题。由第四段中的“Abigpartofhercompany’smissionistohelppeoplewithdisabilitiesfindjobs.”可知,她的公司的主要目的是帮助残疾人找到工作,由此可知Divitto的目的是帮助

残疾人,故选B项。3.D解析:推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Herfirstpriorityistoletpeoplestartseeingabilitiesinthephysicallydisadvantaged...”可知,她的首要任务是让人们看到那些身体残疾的人也有工作能力,由此推知,Divi

tto最关心的是“让人们看到残疾人的能力并认可他们”,故选D项。4.C解析:推理判断题。本文主要讲述Divitto不屈服于疾病,开创公司,让更多的残疾人被认可的故事,她勇敢地面对困难,且坚定自己的目标和使命,由此推断,她

是一个意志坚定、有强烈责任心的人,故选C项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了15岁的KyleTianshi发明了能检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备,并荣获“加州青年可持续发展奖”这一荣誉的故事。5.C解析:细节理解题。由第二段第一句“Kyle,asop

homorefromtheCambridgeSchoolintheUS,receivedthehonorforhisportableinventioncalledNEREID.”可知,Kyle因他的发明而获

奖,故选C项。6.A解析:细节理解题。由第三段中的“KylecameupwiththeideafortheinventionbasedonhisexperiencegrowingupinSanDiego,California,US.Peoplehadnoaccesstounpollute

ddrinkingwaterandhisparentsaskedhimnottodrinktapwater.”可知,Kyle之所以发明NEREID是因为人们缺乏干净的饮用水,故选A项。7.D解析:推理判断题。由文中内容可知,Kyle发明NEREID,使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水

,并通过实际行动倡导清洁用水,保护环境,由此可知,他是一位有责任心而且很有创意的人,故选D项。8.D解析:主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章讲述15岁的KyleTianshi发明了能检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备,使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水,还创立清水创新项目,倡导清洁用水,

因而D项“一位美国学生对于水的解决方案”能够概括文章大意,故选D项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了各种环境问题的相互关联以及立即行动解决问题的可行性。9.B解析:段落大意题。由第一段中的“Thesechallengesareallinterconn

ected.Ifwecontinuetoconsidertheseproblemsseparately,solutionswillcontinuetoemergefartooslowly(这些挑战都是相互关联的。如果我们继续单独考虑这些问题,解决办法的出现将继

续缓慢得多).”可知,本段主要说明各种环境危机是相互关联的,故选B项。10.C解析:细节理解题。由第三段中的“Thiswillnotonlyboostbiodiversityenormouslybutwillalsodealwithgloba

lwarmingbecausethoserewilded,rewettedlandswillcapturesignificantlymorecarbon.”可知,恢复自然地貌和湿地的地方可以吸收更多的碳,从而减缓了气候变暖,故

选C项。11.A解析:细节理解题。由最后一段中的“It’sactionwe’relacking,inthegovernmentandbeyond,asindividualsandtogetherasaspecies(这是我们所缺乏的行动,无论是政府还是其他部门,无论是作为个人还是

作为一个物种).”可知,作者呼吁我们要立刻行动起来,故选A项。