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Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．billionn．十亿2．bonen．骨头；骨(质)3．shelln．壳；壳状物4．carvevt.&vi.雕刻5．dynastyn．王朝；朝代6．dialectn．地方话；方言7．tonguen．舌头；语言8．semes

tern．学期9．petroln．(NAmEgas)汽油10．pantsn．[pl.](BrE)内裤；短裤；(especiallyNAmE)裤子Ⅱ.记重点单词1．nativeadj.本地的n．本地人2．attituden．态度

；看法3．systemn．体系；制度；系统4．despiteprep.即使；尽管5．factorn．因素；要素6．symboln．符号；象征7．meansn．方式；方法；途径8．classicadj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的n．经典作品；名著9．reg

ardn．尊重；关注vt.把……视为；看待10．charactern．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点11．calligraphyn．书法；书法艺术12．affairn．公共事务；事件；关系13．strugglen．&vi.斗争；

奋斗；搏斗14．subwayn．(BrEunderground)地铁15．apartmentn．(especiallyNAmE)公寓套房16．gapn．间隔；开口；差距17．vocabularyn．词汇Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．referencen．指称关系；参考→refe

rvi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于2．basedadj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→basevt.以……为基础n．底部；根据→basisn．基础→basicadj.基础的3．varie

tyn．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→varyv．变化；不同→variousadj.各种各样的4．majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的n．主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究→majorit

yn．大多数5．globaladj.全球的；全世界的→globen．地球；地球仪6．appreciatevt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值→appreciationn．感激；欣赏→appreciativeadj.感激的7．

specificadj.特定的；明确的；具体的→specificallyadv.特定地；明确地8．begvt.恳求；祈求；哀求→beggarn．乞丐9．equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→equallyadv.平等地→equ

alityn．平等10．demandn．要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要vi.查问→demandingadj.要求高的11．descriptionn．描写(文字)；形容→describevt.描述12．rela

tevt.联系；讲述→relatedadj.相关的→relationn．关系→relationshipn．关系1．appealv．对……有吸引力；将……上诉；呼吁2．appetiten．食欲；嗜好3．approachvt.&vi.接近；靠近n．方法4

．appropriateadj.适当的；恰当的5．approvevt.批准；通过vi.赞成6．approximatelyadv.大约7．arbitraryadj.任意的；武断的8．assessvt.评定；估价Ⅳ

.背核心短语1．referto指的是；描述；提到；查阅2．upsanddowns浮沉；兴衰；荣辱3．dateback(to...)追溯到4．pointofview观点；看法5．relateto与……相关；涉及；谈

到6．beknownfor因为……而著名7．atthebeginning起初8．leadto导致9．playarolein在……中发挥作用10．havetroublewith在……方面有困难11．getusedto(doing)sth习惯于(做)某事12．depen

don依靠，依赖Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible，butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.(why引

导的定语从句)这之所以成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素是汉字的书写体系。2．EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywh

eretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.(where引导的定语从句)秦始皇统一七个诸侯国后，在这个统一的国家里，汉字书写体系开始朝着一

个方向发展。3．ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.(beof＋抽象名词)那种书写体系在凝聚中华民族和中华文化方面具有重要意义。4．Evento

day，nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak，theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.(“nomatter＋疑问词”引导的状语从句)即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国

人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。5．WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina’spresentisconnectedwithitspast.(“介

词＋which”引导的定语从句)汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。6．AsChinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs，anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsa

rebeginningtoappreciateChina’scultureandhistorythroughthisamazinglanguage.(as引导的时间状语从句)随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和

历史。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。despite，refer，specific，demand，relate，appreciate，variety，datebacktoWhen1.referringtoEnglish，weknowEng

lishiswidelyusedinglobalaffairs.NomatterwhatkindofEnglishpeoplearespeaking，nativespeakershavenotroubleunderstandingthewordsl

ike“gas”，“petrol”，“subway”，“apartment”，“pants”，“semester”andotherwords2.despitethesmalldifferencesinvocabulary.Butstudents

whosemothertongueisnotEnglisharestrugglingwithbillionsofwords.Ontheotherhand，fromforeigners’pointsofview，Chineseisregardedasa3.demandinglangu

age.Firstly，themajorlanguagewhichiscalledPuTongHuainChinaishardenoughtolearn，letalone4.varietiesofdialects.Seco

ndly，Chinesecharactersareabstractsymbolsforthem.Thewritingsystem,5.datingbacktotheShangDynastywhenpeoplecarve

dsomethingwith6.specificmeaningsonbonesorshells，islikestrangepictures.However，basedonthecommon7.apprecia

tionofthesecharacters，someclassicworksarestillreadnowandbythismeanswecanknowmoreabouttheupsanddownsinancienttimes.Besides，calligraphyisalsoanartfor

mclosely8.relatedtoChineseculture.Ibegallthepeopleholdapositiveattitudetobothlanguages，whichareofequalimportance.Tob

ridgethegapbetweencultures，bynomeansshouldwegiveuplearningthemwell.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇refervi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于(referencen．提及，涉及；参考；参考书目)•re

ferto指的是；描述；提到；查阅refer...to...把……提交给……；让(人)参考……referto...as...把……称作……•in/withreferencetosb/sth关于referencebooks/material参考书/参考资料(1)Hereferredtoth

esystemthatwasrelatedtothewelfareofbillionsofpeopleattheconference.(2)TheyalwaysrefertomeasabookwormbecauseIamalw

aysaddictedtoavarietyofbooks.(3)我写信寻求您的关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建议。(2021·全国甲，书面表达)Iamwritingtoaskforyouradvicein/with

referencetowhatkindsoftraditionalChineseculturesappealtoforeignersmost.(4)如果你遇到了不认识的字，我强烈建议你查阅参考书或者向他人求助。(应用

文写作之建议信)Ifyoumeetwiththecharactersyoudon’tknow，Istronglysuggestthatyou(should)refertoreferencebooksorturntoothersforhelp.basevt.

以……为据点；以……为基础n．底部；根据(basicadj.基本的；基础的basisn．基础)•base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上bebasedon/upon...以……为基础•onadaily/regular

basis每天/定期onthebasisof在……的基础上(1)Onthebasis(base)ofwhatyoushow，Ifirmlybelievethatyoucanbequalifiedfortheposi

tion.(2)队员们需要每天放学后接受训练，他们也有机会定期观摩乒乓球赛。Teammembersneedtoreceivetrainingafterschooleverydayandtheyarealsoofferedopportunitiesto

watchtabletenniscompetitionsonaregularbasis.(3)我写信告知你一些基本的餐桌礼仪。基于中国的传统风俗，你应该先让长者用餐。(应用文写作之告知信)Iamwritingtoinformyouofsomebasict

ablemanners.BasedontraditionalChinesecustoms，youshouldlettheelderlyeatfirst.majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的vi.主修，专门研究n．主修课程；主修学生(majorityn．大部分；大多数)•majo

rin主修……•anEnglishmajor一个英语专业的学生•a/themajorityof大多数ina/themajority占大多数(1)InspiredbythebeautyofChinesecharacters，Iwillmajorinca

lligraphyatuniversityinthefuture.(2)有些人中途放弃了，但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)Somepeoplegaveuphalfw

ay，butthemajorityoftheparticipantsmadeittothefinishingline.(3)为我投票的人占大多数，因此我被选为学生会主席。Thosewhohavevotedformear

einthe/amajority，soIamelectedaschairmanoftheStudentAssociation.meansn．方法；方式；途径ameansof一种……的方法(means的单复数同形)byallmeans可以；当然行；

没问题bymeansof借助……手段；依靠……方法bynomeans绝不，无论如何也不，一点都不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)(1)Watchingfilmswasregardedasameansofentertainmentwhenwewe

reyoung.(2)Ancientpeoplerecordedwhathadhappenedbymeansofcarvingvarietiesofsymbolswithspecificmeaningsontoshellsorbones.(3)Ever

ymeanshasbeentried(try)sofar，butwestillcan’tsolvetheproblem.(4)没有Paul的好心帮忙，Mac绝不会赤手空拳把狼吓跑。①Maccouldbynomeansscarethewolfoff

/awaywithbarehandswithoutthehelpofkind-heartedPaul.②BynomeanscouldMacscarethewolfoff/awaywithbarehandswithoutthehelp

ofkind-heartedPaul.(用倒装句改写)appreciatevt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值(appreciationn．欣赏；感激)appreciate(one’s)doingsth喜欢/感激(某人)做某事Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……我将不胜感

激。(1)如果您能尽早回复我，我将非常感激。(应用文写作之结尾句)①Iwouldreallyappreciateyourreplyingtomeatyourearliestconvenience.(appreciateone’sdoing)②Iwouldre

allyappreciateitifyoucouldreplytomeatyourearliestconvenience.(appreciateitif...)(2)我写信表达我对你的感激之情，感谢我在伦敦逗留期间你为我所做

的一切。(应用文写作之感谢信)I’mwritingtoexpressmyappreciationforwhatyouhavedoneformeduringmystayinLondon.equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜

任的v．与……相等，等于；比得上(equalityn．平等；相等equallyadv.相等地；同等地；公平地；同样地)•bewithoutequal＝havenoequal无与伦比•beequaltosth/doingsth等于/胜任(做)某事•equa

lsb/sthin(doing)sth在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物(1)Frommypointofview，MichaelJordaniswithoutequalinplayingbasketball.(2)首先，

没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样重要的是我擅长与其他人交流。因此，我坚信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。(应用文写作之申请信)Firstly，nobodycanequalmeinoralEnglish.Equ

allyimportantisthatIamgoodatcommunicatingwithothers.SoIholdthefirmbeliefthatIamequaltothejobasavolunteerforthefair.demandn．需求；要求vt.强烈要求

；需要vi.查问(demandingadj.要求高的)•demandtodosth要求做某事demandthat...要求……(从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)•be

in(great)demand需求量大meet/satisfyone’sdemand(s)满足某人的需求(1)Nowadayssciencegraduatesareingreaterdemandbecauseadvancedsciencehascreated

moredemanding(demand)jobs.(2)我要求在山间骑马。为了满足我的需求，我叔叔要求我和父亲顺着这条道走，以防迷路。Idemandedtotakeahorserideinthemountains.Tomeet/satisfymydemands，myuncledema

ndedthatmyfatherandI(should)keeptothetrackincasewecouldgetlost.dateback(to...)(＝datefrom)始于……；追溯到……(后接时间点)dateback(＝goback)追溯；上溯(后接时间段)中国饮茶文化源远流长，

可以追溯到1000多年前。(话题写作之传统文化)(1)Chineseteadrinkingculturehasalonghistorywhich/thatcandatebackto/datefrommor

ethan1,000yearsago.(定语从句)(2)Chineseteadrinkingculturehasalonghistorydatingbackto/datingfrommorethan1,000yearsago.(现在分词短语作定语)用法点

拨dateback(to)一般只用现在时态，没有被动语态。beof＋抽象名词ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.这种书写体系在凝聚中华民族和中华文化方面具有重要意义。“beof＋

抽象名词”相当于“be＋形容词”，这一结构可以说明主语的性质。常见的抽象名词有importance，value，use，help，benefit，significance等，这些名词可用great，little，some，any，no，not，m

uch等修饰，用以说明程度。(1)在我看来，保持在线学习和我们生活的平衡非常重要。(2021·全国乙，书面表达)Frommypointofview，keepingthebalancebetweenonlinelearnin

gandourlifeisofgreatimportance/significance.(2)你给我们的建议证明很有价值。没有它我们就不可能实现我们的梦想。Theadviceyougaveusprovedtobeofgreatvalue，with

outwhichwecouldn’thaveachievedourdreams.(3)根据上面的表格，12%的学生认为浏览英语学习网站对他们的英语学习非常有益。(2022·全国乙，书面表达)Basedonthe

abovechart,12%ofthestudentssupposethatvisitingEnglishlearningwebsitesisofgreatbenefittotheirEnglishstu

dies.(4)当得知手术对那位老人没用时，我感到喉咙哽塞，泪水湿润了眼眶。Whenlearningthattheoperationwasofnousetotheoldman，Ifeltalumpinmythroat，tearswellingupinmyey

es.“nomatter＋疑问词”引导的状语从句Eventoday，nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak，theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting

.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。•“nomatter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。•whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于n

omatterwhen/where/how。•whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句；在引导让步状语从句时相当于nomatterwhat/who/which/whom。(1)无论你何时需要帮助，我真诚地希望你能毫不犹

豫地联系我。Whenever/Nomatterwhenyouneedhelp，Isincerelyhopethatyoucangetintouchwithmewithouthesitation.(2)无论我多么忙，每天我都会匀出一些时间

帮助来自美国的交换生学习汉语，并且告诉他们更多我们的习俗和传统。However/NomatterhowbusyIam，Iwillsparesometimeeverydaytohelptheexchangestudentsfromthe

USAwithChineseandtellthemmoreaboutourcustomsandtraditions.(3)任何人触犯法律都会受到惩罚。Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepuni

shed.(4)无论我遇到什么困难，我都会尽我所能以克服它们。Whatever/NomatterwhatdifficultiesIcomeacross，IwilldowhateverIcantoovercomethem.1．Alltheassi

gnmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard，ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)所有的作业将在指定的日期前通过我们

的在线学习和课程管理系统Blackboard提交。2．Orangetreesaremorethandecoration；theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.(2020·全国Ⅱ)橘子树不仅仅是装饰物，它们还是好运和财富的象征。3．Dr.Prinsteinha

salsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate—sharing，kindness，openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandc

onnectwithothers.(2019·全国Ⅰ)普林斯坦博士还发现，那些使得身边的人想要和你一起玩耍的品质——分享、善良、开放——会延续到以后的岁月里，使你更好地与他人相处和联系。4．Morewindpowerstationswillspringuptomeetthedeman

dforcleanenergy.(2019·江苏)为了满足清洁能源的要求，更多的风力发电站将涌现出来。5．I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthef

ixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.(2019·天津6月)我正在谈论的是已经停止学习成长的人，因为他们采用了过去几年经常出现的固定态度和观点。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义

练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．refertoA.指的是B.提到C.查阅(1)Whynotrefertoadictionarytocheckthespellingoftheword？C(2)Thescientis

treferredtoglobalwarmingatleastthreetimesinhisspeech.B(3)Theword“business”alsoreferstoanorganizationthatoffersgoodsandservices.A2．charac

terA.性格B.特色；特征C.人物；角色D.符号；文字E.品性；道德品质(1)Asweallknow，Chinesecharactersarequitedifficulttomemorize.D(2)TomCruiseisaleadin

gcharacterinthisfilm.C(3)Shehasacheerfulbutquietcharacter.A(4)Thecityinvested6billionyuantopreservethecharacteroftheoldtown.B

(5)Sportscanbegoodforcharacterbuilding.E3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Ourcarsaretheequalsofthoseproducedanywhereintheworld.相等物(2)Unt

ilthendidIfullyappreciatewhatmyparentshaddoneforme.理解；明白Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Thediscoveryofthenewdrugisofimpo

rtance(important)topeoplewhosufferfromhearttrouble.2．Humanbeingsareregarded(regard)aspartofnatureandtheonlywayforustosurviveistoliveinhar

monywithnature.3．Thetsunamireferred(refer)tointhereportsweptawayabout2,000people，shockingtherestofthecountry.4．Thenovelwhichwaspopularwith

readerswasbasedonanearthquakewhichstruckWenchuanin2008.5．Thetowerdating(date)backtotheMingDynastywasseriouslydestroyedintheflood.6．Thereisnod

enyingthathumanbeingshavesufferedalotonaccountofvarieties(variety)ofdisasters.7．Fortunately，theysurvivedthefirebymeansofbreathingthroughawettowe

l.8．Allthestudentsdemandtosupply(supply)themselveswithmorenovels.9．Allinall，Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldsupplyuswithtimelyandgeneroushel

p.10．Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatwisdomandeffortsareequally(equal)importantforsuccess.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练(2022·天津3月，书面表达)——英语口语社招募新成员1．正如你从短

视频中看到的，英语口语社的成员通过参加各种各样的活动已经能说流利的英语了。(bymeansof)Asyoucanseefromtheshortvideo，membersoftheSpokenEnglishClubhavebecomeflue

ntinEnglishbymeansoftakingpartinvariousactivities.2．成员会定期聚集在一起在我们的外教的指导下参加英语角。(onaregularbasis)Memberswillgathertogetheronaregularbasistopa

rticipateintheEnglishCornerundertheguidance/instructionofourforeignteachers.3．现在，我们的外教要求我们欣赏一部英文电影并为之配音(dub)，这是我最喜欢的部分。(demandthat...)Now，

ourforeignteachersdemandthatwe(should)appreciateanEnglishfilmanddubit，whichismyfavoritepart.4．总之，英语口语社对它的成员非常有益

。(beof＋抽象名词)Allinall，theSpokenEnglishClubisofgreatbenefittoitsmembers.5．无论谁对英语口语感兴趣都可以加入我们。(whoever)WhoeverisinterestedinoralEnglish，h

e/shecanjoinus.或WhoeverisinterestedinoralEnglishcanjoinus.Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练教材续写语料1．情感描写appreciatevt.欣赏；感激；领会descripti

onn．描写(文字)；形容→describevt.描述beyonddescription难以描述2．动作描写begvt.恳求；祈求regardvt.把……视为；看待strugglen．&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗referto指的是；描述；提到；查阅续写语料运用请从以上语料中选择合

适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。Mac正沿着山路骑行，这时他看到一只狼张着血盆大口追赶他。他的恐惧无以言表。他乞求路过的司机帮助他，但是徒劳无果。因此，他毫不犹豫地从自行车上下来，抓住自行车，用尽全力把自行车扔向狼，

尽力把狼吓走。他正要成为狼的盘中餐时，他的朋友加入了他。当他向朋友描述这件恐怖的事情时，他仍然感到毛骨悚然。Macwaspedallingalongthemountainroadwhenhesawawolfchasinghim，open

ingitsbloodymouth.Hisfearwasbeyonddescription.Hebeggedpassingdriverstohelphim，butinvain.Sohegotoffhisbikewithouthesitation，seizeditandthrewitatth

ewolfwithallhisstrength，strugglingtofrightenthewolfaway.Hewasabouttobecomethefoodofthewolfwhenhisfriendsjoinedhim.Whenhereferredth

ehorriblethingtohisfriends，hestillfeltasifhishairhadstoodonend.