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上海交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年度第二学期高二英语摸底考试试卷(满分150分，120分钟完成。答案请写在答题纸上。)命题：张宁审核：程姑第I卷II.GrammarandVocabulary(20'+20‘)SectionADirections:Beneatheachoft

hefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.21.

Theseteenagegirlsprefertotakepictures________standsafamouscubismpaintinginagallery.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.as22.Whenguidedtoreflecton

theirgoodfortune,peopletendtobemorethankfulforandappreciativeof________theyhaveand________theyareontheirpathrightnow,thusmorewillingt

ocontributetothecommongood.A.which,whenB.what,whereC.all,whichD.all,that23.-Thewoundedsoldier________havebeensenttohospitalim

mediately.-Sohe________,butalleffortsmadenodifference.A.should,wasB.must,didC.oughtto,hadD.can,has24.Wit

hrobotscomingtotherescueandappearingonthefarmscene,farminghasbeenmoreefficientwithregardtothetime________takestoinspectcropsanddigupweed.A.whatB

.itC.oneD.which25.Weneed________tohaveagoodcommandofEnglishasamedicalstudentneeds________adoctor.A.aslongandtou

ghatraining,tobecomeB.aslongandtoughatraining,becomingC.asalongandtoughtraining,tobecomeD.asalongandtou

ghtraining,becoming26.ThesuccessofFullRiverRed(Manjianghong),a2023historicalsuspensecomedyfilmdirectedbyZhangYimou,issuch________evensomewester

ncelebritieshavestartedtoreadChinesehistory.A.asB.likeC.thatD.making27.Accordingtoeconomics,moneyflowsto_

_______itisthatcontrolsthescarcething,say,thecutting-edgeknowledge.A.whomB.whomeverC.whoD.whoever28.Itisnaturalthattheprominentactr

ess________chargedwithtaxevasion.A.wereB.wouldhavebeenC.mayhavebeenD.shouldhavebeen29.PremierLiKeqiangisgoin

gtotakequestionsfrombothChineseandforeigncorrespondentsattheannualpressconference_________inMarch.A.toholdB.totakeplaceC.occurred

D.held30.Giventheseriousdamageandsubstantiallossescausedbytherecent7.8magnitudeearthquakewhichstrucksouther

nTurkey,just50milesfromtheSyrianborder,morefinancialsupportfrominternationalsociety_________.A.remainingtoberaisedB.re

mainstoberaisedC.remainingtoraiseD.remainstoraise31.Thefirmhasbeentakingmeasurestocutcoststokeepits_________up,includ

ingpurchasingcheaperrawmaterialsandreducingitsworkforce.A.expenditureB.profitsC.salariesD.rank32.Theidle

afternoonwearegoingthroughathomereallydeservesafixofcoffeeorteato_________ourtiredminds.A.repairB.refreshC

.recoverD.rescue33.GeneralMotors(GM)plansto_________itstwoplantstoelectricvehicleproductionby2035andanotherplantinCoahuilawillmakethenewmodelo

fChevroletBlazerfrom2024.A.converseB.convertC.conserveD.preserve34.SincethesecondwaveofCOVID-19pandemicinChina,inve

storsfromhomeandabroadhaveloweredexpectationsofthesetechcompanies,makingithardertolifttheir_________.A.marketsB.pricesC.brandsD.sh

ares35.Arecord3.3millionAmericansappliedforunemployment_________inthethirdweekofMarch2020,accordingtotheUSLaborDepartment,

asrestaurants,hotels,barbershops,gymsandmoreshutdowninanationwideefforttoslowthespreadofthedeadlycoronavirus.A.claimsB.benefitsC.interests

D.objectives36.Onhearingtheheart-breakingnews,shecouldn't_________herselfandbrokeoutcrying.A.regainB.reserveC.composeD.comprise37.A

LKorthegeneforanaplasticlymphomakinaseisastretchofDNAwhosemutant(突变的)formhasbeenassociatedwithhumancancers,but,itsnormalfunctionwh

ichhassomethingtodowiththinnessinhumanshadnotbeen_________beforetheresearch.A.foundedB.establishedC.maintainedD.received38.Whenthecandidatep

resentedtheresultsofhisexperimentonthebrainofmicetothepharmaceuticalcompany,theylaughedandpaidno_________tothediscoverywhichlaterturnedoutto

beabrilliantideaforanewproduct.A.investigationB.regardC.noticeD.inspection39.Inthe4-dayShanghaiDisneylandTour,youwillspendafullda

yventuringindream-likeDisneycastle,gardens,_________filmscenes,enjoyingfabulouskidjoywithfamousDisneycharact

ersandvariousfamilyentertainmentactivitiesandamusingshows.A.fancyB.fantasyC.fascinationD.fashion40.Thepolicy_________"renationalisation”,andthrows

thecountry'sfinancialmarketsbacktothepast,complainstheeconomistshepherdingprivatizationfortheformerprimeminister.A.accumulatesB.am

ountstoC.equalstoD.recoversSectionB:Directions:Completethefollowingpassagesbyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatther

eisonewordmorethanyouneed.(A)A.selectedB.distinctiveC.signatureD.oddsAB.domesticationAC.decidedAD.in

dividualsBC.tamestBD.conflictedCD.mixedABC.developIfyouseeahousecat,the_____41_____arehighthatitwillhav

ewhitepaws,alookthatmanyownersaffectionatelycall“socks."Butsocksarerarelyseeninwildcats,theelusiveandundomesticatedcousin

ofthehousecat,sowhydosomanypetcatssportfurrywhitefeet?Asitturnsout,thisstorystartedabout10,000yearsago,whenhumansandcats_____42_____lif

ewasbettertogether.This_____43_____eventuallyledtouber-prevalentsocksoncats,aswellasotherwell-knowncoatpatte

rns,saidLeslieLyons,professoremeritaandheadoftheFelineGeneticsLaboratoryattheUniversityofMissouriCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine.“Ashumansbecamefar

mersandstartedstayinginoneplace,theyhadgrainstoresandwastepiles”thatattractedrodents,Lyonssaid.Itwasamutually

beneficialarrangement:thehumanshadfewerrodentstodealwithandthecatsgotaneasymeal.Thewild,undomesticatedancestorspeciesofhousecats,Felissilvestris,live

sinAfricaandEurasia.Thesefelinesaretastysnacksaskittensandstealthypredatorsasadults,so_____44_____bornwithacoatthatofferscamouflage(保护色)have

tendedtosurviveandreproduce.ButnoteveryF.silvestiisisbornwithacoatthatblendsintoitshabitat."Geneticmutation

sareoccurringallthetime.”Lyonssaid.Thereisn'tmuchevidencetoindicatewhyearlycatpeoplechosetheindividuals

theydid,butLyonssaidtherangeofcoatsseenonmoderndomesticcatsshowsthatouragrarianancestorsfavoredcatswithmarkingsthatwouldhave_____45_____withthei

rcamouflage.Initsnativemixedforestorscrubdesertenvironment,acatwithstarkwhitepawswouldhavestoodouttopredatorsandprey.Whenhuma

nsstartedtakinganinterestincats,thesewhitepawswouldhavestoodouttothem,too.“Therewereprobablypeoplesaying,‘Iparti

cularlylikethatkittenbecauseithaswhitefeet.Let'smakesureitsurvives,Lyonssaid.Humansprobablyalso_____46_____catswhowerecalmandco

mfortablearoundhumans,Lyonssaid.Behavioraltraitsseemunrelatedtocoatcolor,butforreasonsthatscientistsd

on'tfullyunderstand,whitespotstendtoappearwhenthe_____47_____individualsareselectedandbred.These_____48_____furcolorsandmar

kingsemergewhileacatembryoisdeveloping.Thecellsthatgivecatfuritscolorfirstappearasneuralcrestcells,whicharelocatedalongwhatwillbecometheback,Lyonssa

id.Then,thosecellsslowlymigratedownandaroundthebody.Ifthosewavesofcellsmovefarenoughtomeeteachotheronthe

cat'sfrontside,theembryowillbebornasolid-coloredkitten,suchasanall-blackorall-orangecat.Felines_____

49_____whitefeet,faces,chestsandbellieswhenthesecellsdon'tquitemakeitalltheway.So,thenexttimeyouseeakittywearingwhitesocks,you'l

lknowthatthis_____50_____featureisaresultofgeneticmutations,domesticationanddevelopmentalbiology.Althoughifyoutrytel

lingthecatthat,itwillprobablyjustlookatyouquizzicallybeforesaunteringaway.(B)A.initiallyB.formedC.societiesD.mapAB.officiallyAC.co

nstructedAD.potentiallyBC.investigateBD.perspective.CD.boundariesABC.considerationConstructionoftheworld'slargestradioastronomyobservatory,theSquare

KilometreArray,has_____51_____beguninAustraliaafterthreedecadesindevelopment.Ahugeintergovernmentaleffort,theSKAhasbeenhailedasoneofthebigg

estscientificprojectsofthiscentury.Itwillenablescientiststolookbacktoearlyinthehistoryoftheuniversewhenthefirststarsand

galaxieswere_____52_____.Itwillalsobeusedto_____53_____darkenergyandwhytheuniverseisexpanding,andto_____54_____searchforextraterrestriall

ife.TheSKAwill_____55_____involvetwotelescopearrays---oneonWajarricountryinremoteWesternAustralia,cal

ledSKA-Low,comprising131,072tree-likeantennas.SKA-Lowissonamedforitssensitivitytolow-frequencyradiosignals.Itwillbeeighttimesass

ensitivethanexistingcomparabletelescopesandwill_____56_____thesky135timesfaster.Asecondarrayof197tradit

ionaldishes,SKA-Mid,willbebuiltinSouthAfrica'sKarooregion.DrSarahPearce,SKA-Low'sdirector,saidtheobservatorywould"definethenextfif

tyyearsforradioastronomy,chartingthebirthanddeathofgalaxies,searchingfornewtypesofgravitationalwavesande

xpandingthe_____57_____ofwhatweknowabouttheuniverse'1.Sheadded:"TheSKAtelescopeswillbesensitiveenoughto

detectanairportradaronaplanetcirclingastartensoflightyearsaway,somayevenanswerthebiggestquestionofall:arewealoneinthe

universe?"TheSKAhasbeendescribedbyscientistsasagamechangerandamajormilestoneinastronomyresearch."Topu

tthesensitivityoftheSKAinto_____58_____,itcoulddetectamobilephoneinthepocketofanastronautonMars,225mkilometresaway,”saidDrDannyPrice,aseniorpostdoct

oralfellowattheCurtinInstituteofRadioAstronomy."Moreexcitingly,ifthereareintelligent_____59_____onnearbystarswithtechnologysimilartoour

s,theSKAcoulddetecttheaggregate'leakage'radiationfromtheirradioandtelecommunicationnetworks~thefirsttele

scopesensitiveenoughtoachievethisfeat."ProfAlanDuffy,directorofthespacetechnologyandindustryinstituteattheSwinburneUniversityofTechnology,sai

dtheSKAwouldprobablybethelargesttelescope_____60,_____,"connectingacrosscontinentstocreateaworld-spanningfacilityallowingustoseeessentiallyacrosst

heentireobservableuniverse".III.ReadingComprehension(15'+22'+8‘)SectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpass

agetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Theeco

nomiccaseforregiftingDespiteitspleasures,giftgivingcanbeproblematic.ArecipientwantsitemsAandB(say,ahatandgloves)yetrece

ivesitemsCandD(say,ascarfandmittens).AnotherrecipientwantsCandD,yetreceivesAandB.The_____61_____seemssimple:Thetworecipien

tscansimplypassalongthegiftstheyreceivedtoeachother.The_____62_____however,ismorecomplex.Peopleinastudyp

ublishedintheJournalofConsumerBehaviour,forinstance,usedsuchwordsasguilty,lazy,thoughtlessanddisrespectfulindescribingthei

r_____63_____aboutregifting.Popularculturecastsitastaboo,aswell.Gettingstuckwithgiftswedonotwantisnosmallproblem.ConsiderthattheNati

onalRetailFederationcalculatedthattheaverageholiday-season______64_____intheU.S.lastyearspentmorethan$1,000ongifts.Inasurveyacross14countriesinEur

ope,meanwhile,1in7saidtheywereunhappywithwhattheyreceivedforChristmas,yetmorethanhalfsimplykeptthegifts.Wh

ycan'tmoregiftsbepassedalongtopeoplewho_____65_____them?OurresearchwithFrancisJ.Flynn,aprofessoroforganizationalbehaviorat

StanfordUniversity'sGraduateSchoolofBusiness,suggeststheshameassociatedwithregiftingislargely_____66_____.Indeed,ourresearchconsistently

tellsusthatpeopleoverestimatethenegativeconsequences.Weconductedastudyinwhichweaskedpeopletoimaginethems

elveseitherasa"giver,”whogivessomeoneagiftcardandlater_____67_____ithasbeenregifted;orasa"regifter,"onewhoreceivesthegif

tandgivesittosomeoneelse.Thelattergroupsawmoreoffense.Regifterstendedtoassumetheoriginalgiverswouldbe_____68_____whentheyfoundout.Th

egeneral_____69_____oftheoriginalgivers,however,was:It'syourgift,dowhatyouwantwithit.”Next,wetriedtoshedlightonjusthowser

ioustheperceivedoffenseis.Weaskedtwogroup—againgiversandregifters—to______70_____regiftingahypothetical（假设的）wristwatchwiththrowingitinthetrash.Forthe

originalgivers,regiftingthewatchwasamuchlessoffensiveactthantrashingit.Theregifters,however,_____71____

_assumedthatthegiverswouldfindbothequallyoffensive.Finally,giventhatthefearedoffenselooksmoreimaginedthanreal,weturnedour

attentiontohowpeoplemightbe_____72_____tobreakthistaboo.Forthispartofourresearch,weinvitedtoourlabatStanfordpeoplewhohadrece

ntlyreceivedpresentsanddividedthepeopleintotwogroups.Whenwegavethefirstgroupanopportunityto_____73_____thatpresent,9%didso.Whenwegavethesecondgr

oupthesameopportunity,weaddedthatitwas'"NationalRegiftingDay,”areal______74_____thathappenseachyearontheThursdaybeforeChristmas.Itw

asn'treallyNationalRegiftingDay,butthegroupdidn'tknowthat:30%ofthemagreedtoregift.Everyonehasreceivedb

adgiftsintheirlives,andwegenerallyacceptthatwewillreceivemoreinthefuture.Yetforsomereason,webelievethatwegiveonlygoodgifts.

Ourresearchoffersasimplesolutiontotheproblemof_____75_____gifts.Thisholidayseason,considerregifting,andencouragepe

oplewhoreceiveyourgiftstodothesameifwhatyougivethemisn'tquitewhattheyhopefor.61.A.resultB.cycle.C.trickD.solution62.A.causeB.psychology

C.science.D.theory63.A.feelingsB.ideasC.trick.D.evaluations64.A.citizenB.retailerC.shopperD.foreigner65.A.refuseB.ap

preciateC.envyD.collect66.A.perceivedB.ignoredC.unjustifiedD.immeasurable67.A.learnsB.suspectsC.complainsD.imagines68.A.praisedB.hurtC.hatef

ulD.grateful69.A.mottoB.codeC.principleD.attitude70.A.replaceB.connectC.compareD.exchange71.A.desperatelyB.voluntarilyC.responsiblyD.w

rongly72.A.encouragedB.pushedC.challengedD.forced73.A.hideB.sellC.regiftD.decline74.A.ceremonyB.celebrationC.dayD.event

75.A.unpopularB.unwantedC.expensiveD.meaninglessSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseve

ralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgivenin

thepassageyouhavejustread.(A)JailbreakingcommonlyreferstounlockingiOSforiPhonesandiPads.Seventeen-year-oldGeorgeHo

tz,orgeohotashelikedtobecalled,wasthefirstpersontojailbreakaniPhone.Heaccomplishedhisfeatin2007,andmanyothersfollowedhislead.JailbreakinganiPhone

offerssomedistinctbenefits.WithajailbrokeniPhone,youhavenumerouswaystochangeanysettingtosuityourneeds.Youcanalsoalterthelookandfeelofthephoneso

thatitmatchesyourpersonality.AnotheradvantageofjailbreakingforiPhoneusersistheabilitytoinstallappsnotofferedinApple'sAppStore.Cydia,analterna

tiveappstoreforjailbrokeniOSdevices,offersavarietyofapps,someofwhichcostmorethanothers.BeforejailbreakingyouriPhone,youshouldcon

sidertheconsequences.Jailbreakingimmediatelyvoids(使无效)youriPhone'swarranty,whichmeansthatAppleisnolongerrequiredtofixyourphoneifsomethinggoeswro

ng.Jailbreakingalsoexposesyoutothedangersassociatedwithalternativeapps.Poorqualityappsfromalternativeap

pstoresmaycauseyouriPhonetocrashmoreoftenorstopworkingaltogether.AfterjailbreakingyouriPhone,youmustalsobecarefulnottoallow

Appletoinstallnewsoftwareonyourphone.ApplenaturallydiscouragesitscustomersfromjailbreakingtheiriPhones.Accordingtothecompany,jailbreakingdoesn't

justaffectthesecurityandstabilityofaniPhone.Itcanalsoshortenthephone'sbatterylife.Formanypeople,this

isanimportantconsideration.76.Whichaspectsofjailbreakingdoesthearticlediscuss?A.ThewaysinwhichjailbreakingcansavepeopletimeB.

ThepositivesandnegativesassociatedwithjailbreakingC.TheclientswhogotintolegaltroubleforjailbreakingD.Thebestandwo

rsttechniquesforjailbreakingphones77.WhatdoesthearticleimplyaboutthefirstpersontojailbreakaniPhone?A.Heapologizedforhisactions.

B.Heproducedhardwaredesigns.C.Hegavehimselfanickname.D.Hewasturneddownforajob.78.Fromthisarticle,whatcanreaderslearnabouttheproducts

offeredbyCydia?A.Theirpricesvarysomewhat.B.Theirinventorsarequiteyoung.C.They'restillmanufacturedabroad

.D.Theytakeonlyafewmomentstoinstall.79.AccordingtoApple,whatmighthappenafterapersonjailbreakshisorheriPhone?A.Itmigh

tneedanewcamerastand.B.Itmightbecomehardertosell.C.Itmightbeeasilydamagedbywater.D.Itmightuseupitsbatteryfaster.(B)Vanuatuisa

nislandnationintheSouthPacific.Itisalsooneofthesmallestcountriesintheworld.Butforthoseinterestedinadventur

eandsport,thereisalottodo.Someofthebestsnorkeling(浮湖)canbefoundhere.Vanuatu'sislandsalsooffervisitorstwoofth

emostexcitinganddangerousactivitiesintheworld:volcanosurfingandlanddiving.VolcanoSurfingOnTannaIslan

d,MountYasurrises300meters(1,000feet)intothesky.ItisknownastheLighthouseofthePacificbecauseofitsregulareruptionsforhundredsof

years.Forcenturies,bothislandlocalsandvisitorshaveclimbedthismountaintovisitthetop.SomevisitorsfindYasurterrifying;others

cautivating.Photographersarebesidethemselvesattheopportunitytomakestunningartworkfromsuchaspecialpoint.Recently,peoplehavealso

startedclimbingYasurtosurfthevolcano.Insomeways,volcanosurfing,alsocommonlyknownasashboarding,islikesurfinginthesea,butinotherwaysit’sverydifferent.

ItwasinventedbyanadventurerjournalistnamedZoltanIstvan,whileonatriptoVanuatuIslandsin2002.Volcanosurfingisconsideredasanextremesportand

therearenotmanypracticingit.Avolcanosurfer'sgoalistoescapetheeruptingvolcanowithoutgettinghitbyflyingrocks!Ridershikeupthevolcanoandslidedown

,sittingorstanding,onathinplywoodormetalboard.It'sfast,fun,anddangerous—theperfectextremesport.LandDivin

gMostpeoplearefamiliarwithbungeejumping,butdidyouknowbungeejumpingstartedonPentecostIslandinVanuatuandisalmostfifteencenturiesold

?Theoriginalactivity,calledlanddiving,ispartofareligiousceremony.Amantiestreevines(藤)tohislegs.Hethenjumpsheadfi

rstfromahightower.Itoriginatedasarite(仪式)ofpassageforyoungmentryingtoprovetheirmanhood.Theideaistojumpfr

omashighaspossible,andtolandasclosetothegroundaspossible.Itisalsoaharvestritual.Theislandersbelievethehigherthejumpersdive,thehigherthecrops

willgrow.Everyspring,islandnatives(menonly)stillperformthisamazingtestofstrength.80.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearne

dfromthepassage?A.MountYasurisalighttoweronthePacificOcean.B.Thehistoryofvolcanosurfingdatesbackcenturies.C.Bungeejumpinggr

ewoutoflanddiving.D.LanddivingcametoVanuatufromanothercountry.81.Theunderlinedwordcaptivatingisclosestinmeaningto_______.A.distressingB.

charmingC.disappointingD.relieving82.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.UntouchedBeauty:VANUATUB.VolcanoAdventure

:VANUATUC.ExtremeDestination:VANUATUD.PreservedCulture:VANUATU(C)ThewateroffthecoastofnorthwestGreenlandisaglass-l

ikecalm,butthepuddles(水坑)ontheregion'sicebergsareasignthatatransformationisunderwayhigherontheicesheet.Severaldaysofunusuallywarmweatherinnor

thernGreenlandhavecausedrapidmelting,madevisiblebytheriversofmeltwaterrushingintotheocean.Temperatureshavebeenru

nningaround60degreesFahrenheit—10degreeswarmerthannormalforthistimeofyear,scientistssaid.Theamountoficethatme

ltedinGreenlandbetweenJuly15and17thisyearalone—6billiontonsofwaterperday~~wouldbeenoughtofill7.2millionOlympic-sizedswimmingpools,

accordingtodatafromtheUSNationalSnowandIceDataCenter,Eachsummer,scientistsworrythattheywillseearepeatoftherecordmeltingthatoccurredi

n2019,when532billiontonsoficeflowedoutintothesea.AnunexpectedlyhotspringandaJulyheatwavethatyearcausedalmost

theentireicesheet'ssurfacetomelt.Globalsealevelrosepermanentlyby1.5millimetersasaresult.Greenlandholdsenoughice一ifitallmelted一toliftsealevelby

7.5metersaroundtheworld.ThelatestresearchpointstoamoreandmorethreateningsituationontheNorthernHemisphere'siciestisland.“Unprecedented"rateso

fmeltinghavebeenobservedatthebottomoftheGreenlandicesheet,astudypublishedinFebruaryfound,causedbyhugequantiti

esofmeltwaterflowingdownfromthesurface.Thiswaterisparticularlyconcerningbecauseitcandestabilizethesheetaboveitandco

uldleadtoamassive,rapidlossofice.Andin2020,scientistsfoundthatGreenland'sicesheethadmeltedbeyondthepointofnoreturn.Therateofmeltinginrecenty

earsexceedsanythingGreenlandhasexperiencedinthelast12,000years,anotherstudyfound—andenoughtocausemeasurablechangeinthegravitati

onalfieldoverGreenland.AttheEastGreenlandIce-coreProject~orEastGRIP—researchcampinnorthwestGreenland,theworkofscientiststounder

standtheimpactofclimatechangeisbeingaffectedbyclimatechangeitselfAslakGrinsted,aclimatescientistattheUniversityofCopenhagen'sNielsBohr

Institute,saidthattheyhavebeentryingtogetflightsintothecampbutthewarmthisdestabilizingthelandingsite.Beforehuman-causedclimatecha

ngekickedin,temperaturesnear32degreesFahrenheittherewereunheardof.Butsincethe1980s,thisregionhaswarmedbyaround1.5degreesFahrenheitperdecade—fourt

imesfasterthantheglobalpace—makingitallthemorelikelythattemperatureswillcrossthemeltingpoint.83.Thepassageismainlywrittento____

___.A.alertpeopletotherapidmeltingofGreenland'sicesheetB.arousepeople'sawarenessofprotectingtheenvironmentofGreenlandC.informpeopleofthelargeamo

untoficeGreenlandholdsD.revealtopeoplethecauseandeffectoftheriseinsealevel84.Whatdoes"atransformation”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Climatec

hange.B.Ariseinsealevel.C.Globalwarming.D.Themeltingofice.85.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheicethatmeltedin2019?A.Itrepeatedarecordmeltingofthei

cesheetseveralyearsago.B.Itsamountwasthelargesteverandliftedsealevelpermanently.C.Itwasenoughtofill7.2millionOlympi

c-sizedswimmingpools.D.Itsmeltingratewassorapidastoresultinanunexpectedlyhotspring.86.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat_______.A

.climatechangeisaresultofhumanactivitiesB.thestudyofclimatechangeisbeingmadeeasierC.themeltingofGreenland'sic

esheetisreversibleD.temperaturesincrease1.5°ForsoeachdecadegloballySectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithaproper

sentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Theyalsofoundcetaceansgainedandlost

TSGsatarate2.4timeshigherthaninothermammals.B.Ifthewhalegenewasinjectedintothehumanbody,couldhumansfightcancer?C.Somepeopledenythatceta

ceanscanincreaseTSGsfasterthanothermammals.D.Ifyouhavemorecellsthatmeansthatoneofthosecellshasanincreasedriskofbecomingcancer

ous.AB.Incontrast,cetaceanshavemuchlowercancerratesthanmostothermammals.AC.Butwestillneedtolearnmoreaboutwhyandhowtheydidthis

.CanWhalesAndDolphinsFightCancer?Whalesanddolphinshavebeenshowntobebetteratfightingcancerthanweare,andnowwemaybeclosertounderstandingwhycetaceans(鲸

目动物)doit.Cetaceansaregenerallytheoldestlivingmammals,andsomecetaceanshavereachedtheir200thbirthday.Theirsizemeanstheirbodies

containfarmorecellsthanthehumanbody."_______87_______”saysDanielaTejada-MartinezattheAustralUniversityofCh

ile.“So,ifyouarebigorlivelonger,youhavethousandsandmillionsofcellsthatcouldbecomeharmful."_______88_______“There'sajoket

hatwhalesshouldbebornwithcancerandnotevenabletoexistbecausethey'rejusttoobig,”saysVincentLynchattheUniversityatBuffalo,NewYork,hesaystherei

sasupertrivialexplanationforhowwhalescanexist."Theyjustevolvedbettercancerprotectionmechanisms,"hesays.______

89_______Now,Tejada-Martinezandhercolleagueshavestudiedtheevolutionof1077tumorsuppressor(肿瘤抑制)genes(TSGs).Inall

,theycomparedtheevolutionofthegenesin15mammalianspecies,includingsevencetaceanspecies,GenesregulatingDNAdamage,tu

morspreadandtheimmunesystemwerepositivelyselectedamongthecetaceans._______90_______“It'snotlikewe'regonnabetakingwhalegenesandputtingtheminto

humansandmakinghumanscancerresistant,”saysLynch."Butifyoucanfindthegenesthatplayaroleintumorsuppressioninotheranimals,andifyouca

nfigureoutwhatthey'redoing,maybeyoucanmakeadrugthatcanbeusedtotreatpeople."第II卷IVGrammar(10+10)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillinthe

blankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrectFortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperfarmofthegivenword;fartheotherblanks

,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)WhenSteveBirkinshaw,theBritishfellrunning(越野路跑)champion,plannedhi

srecord-breakingrouteacrossthe214peaksoftheLakeDistrict,ittookhimsixmonthsofpreparationandallhisyearsofexperiencetofigureout(

91)_______hethoughtwastheperfectpath.NowtwophysicsstudentsfromtheUniversityofManchesterwhohadnevervisitedthemountainshaveproduceda(92)__

_____(short)routeusingacomputeralgorithm.MrBirkinshaw,52,aresearcheratNewcastleUniversitywholivesintheLakeDi

strict,hashadanadmirablefellrunningcareer,includingbreakingthe72-year-oldrecordsetbyJossNaylor(93)______

_climbingthe214peaksintheLakeDistrictinonlysixdaysand13hoursin2014.Hisrecordwasbeatenbysevenhoursin2019byPaulTierney,whofollowedBirkinshaw

'scarefullymappedrouteover512kmand36,000mofclimbing.MrBirkinshaw,whoadvisedthestudents,thought(94)_______wouldbeimpo

ssibletoimprovetheroutewithacomputer,"butthey(95)_______(prove)mewrong",hesaid.“Theproblemisyouchangeonethingintherouteandit'sadominoeffe

ctandeverythingelsechanges.Iwouldhavetospendtwotothreehoursaweekforsixmonths(96)_______(redraw)therouteonacomputertow

orkouthowlongaslightadjustmentwouldchangethetime(97)_______nowtheyhavethealgorithmstheycanputinallthepeaksandfindoutinstantly?”Tofigureoutth

eirroute,thepairusedsatelliteimagingdataofthearea,with(98)_______complexdatafunctionswerecoupledtodescribehowfe

stpeoplecanmovealongdifferentroutes.Thisallowedthemtoworkouttheenergycostsofmovingbetweeneachpeak.They(99)_______(f

eed)allthatinformationintoanoff-the-shelfsolverforthetravellingsalesmanproblem,aclassiccomputationalscienceproblemforf

indingoutthefastestdeliveryroutesalongroadnetworks.Theirachievementopensuppossibilitiestoupdaterunningrecordsand(100)_______onedayhelptodelive

raidinbadlymappedareasoftheworld.(B)SkyKurtzfarmsinthedesert.Theco-fbunderandCEOofPureHarvestSmartFar

ms—(101)_______(locate)outsideAbuDhabi,wheretemperaturesregularlytop113°F—andhisteamusethechallengingenvironstotrialnewcropsandtec

hnologiesthathavethepotentialtochangefarminginclimate-challengedareas.PureHarvestalsoprovidesproducetosupermarke

tsandrestaurantsinDubaiandacrosstheregion(102)_______(use)lesswater,whichisimportantinoneofthemostaridregionsoftheworld.KurtzfoundedPureHa

rvestSmartFannsin2017withhisco-foundersMahmoudAdiandRobertKupstas.Passionateaboutfoodinsecurity,theyspentthefir

styearstudyinghigh-techfood-productionsystemsaroundtheworld,(103)_______searchingfortheoptimalsitefortheirfirstfarm.Kurtz'sfarmsintheUAEs

tartedoutwith"(104)_______butaPowerPoint,apileofdirt,andthepromiseofwhatwewoulddo,”saysKurtz.ButPureHarvestquicklyproveditwasbuiltonmorethanapromi

se.Thefounders'researchandtechnologicalinnovationledtothedevelopmentofaproprietary(专利的)Controlled-EnvironmentAgriculture(CEA)syst

emacombinationofhigh-techgreenhousesandverticalfarmsthat(105)_______(provide)astableyear-roundclimate.Thefirstcropoftomatoeswasplanted

inAugust2018andharvestedinOctober.Thecompany'soriginalfarmisnowitsR&Dfacility,andPureHarvesthasexpandeditsfacilitiesintheUAEto16hecta

resofgrowingarea.Italsooperatesa6-hectarefarminSaudiArabia,andisdevelopinga6-hectarefarminKuwait.Itnowproduces14ty

pesofleafygreens;twovarietiesofstrawberries,withsevenmore(106)_______(develop);andalmost30varietiesoftomatoes,theproductth

atstarteditall.Withlimitedavailabilityoflocal,seasonalproduce,theUAEhastypicallyimportedmuchofitsfood,oftenair-frei

ghted,(107)_______comesatahighcost,botheconomicallyandenvironmentally.Andwhiletheyaremoreexpensivecomparedw

ithlocallygrownseasonalproduce,thecompanysaysitsfruitandvegetablesaretypicallyupto60%cheaperthanair-freightedim

portsofcomparablequality."Ithinkwe'vefundamentallychangedabeliefsystemthatsaidlocalis(108)_______(bad)."saysKurtz.Theirv

isionfitsinwithalargerobjectiveforDubaitobecomemoreself-sufficient.Thefocusisnotjustongrowingforpremiummarketsbutals

odevelopingaffordablesolutions(109)_______(help)democratizeaccesstofreshfood.Kurtzhopesthecompany'sdata-driventechnologycanbecomeamo

delforotherregionsthatareexperiencingclimatestress.“Webelievethatwecandevelopalocal-for-localsolution(110)_______it’sne

ededmost,andwe'vebattle-testedthatcapabilityinoneoftheharshestenvironmentsintheworld."hesays.VTranslation(3'+3'+4'

+4'+6'=20‘)Directions:TranslatethefallowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthe-wordsgiveninthebrackets.111.ChatGTP一上市就在学术界引发了热议。(arouse)1

12.毕业在即，我认识到唯有不断学习、努力奋斗才会让梦想成真。(approach)113.王阿姨刚要开电视，门铃响了，原来是儿子送给她的妇女节鲜花到了。(Scarcely)114.这家公司成功地将数码技术融入鞋子设计之中，目前广受年轻消费者欢迎。(Having...)115.这位刚

毕业的年轻外科医生全心全意地投入到事业之中，不断追求卓越，所以同事们都寄予他厚望。(pursue)参考答案SectionB(A)41.D.42.AC.43.AB.44.AD.45.CD46.A.47.BC48.B.49.ABC50.C(B)51.AB.52.B.53.BC.54.AD.55.A

.56.D57.CD.58.ABC.59.C.60.BDIII.SectionA61-65DBACB.66-70CABDC.71-75BBCCB(A)76.B.77.C.78.A79.D(B)80.C.81.B.82.B(C)83.A.84.D.85.B.8

6.A(D).87.D88.AB.89.AC90.A