【文档说明】2023届高考二轮总复习试题 英语 （适用于新高考新教材） 专题一 阅读理解 考点分类练04　推理判断题——观点态度类 Word版含解析.docx，共(6)页，29.653 KB，由管理员店铺上传

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考点分类练(四)推理判断题——观点态度类A(2022山东潍坊一模)Beingtakenofftheendangeredspecieslistdoesn’tguaranteeacarefreefutureforwhales.Recentresearchestimatesthatth

epopulationofPacificgraywhalesofNorthAmerica’sWesthasdwindledbyalmostaquartersince2016.Startingin2019,alarmingnumbersofthedeadwerespott

edonbeachesandfloatingoffshorethroughouttheirhabitat,fromMexicotoAlaska.TheNationalMarineFisheriesServicedefineditasa

n“UnusualMortalityEvent”.UMEsaredeclaredwhena“significantdie-off”occursandwheninformationiscollectedtoclarifywhyitoccurs.Th

eArctichashistoricallylowlevelsofseaiceinrecentyears,upendingthedelicateecosystemthatsustainsgraywhales.Likeothermigrators,theydon’tfeedontheirwi

nterbreeding(繁殖)groundsoralongtheirmigration,andmustgainweightduringthesummertosustainthemselvesthroughtherestoftheyear.Observersusingairp

hotographynotedthewhaleslookedskinnierandarrivedinMexicoinpoorcondition,whichsuggeststheywerenotfindingenoughfoodduringthesummer.Thisdie-offisa

larminglysimilartotheeventsof20yearsago,withanotherUMEresultinginasignificantdropinthegraywhalepopulation.Alth

oughthecausewasultimatelyundetermined,it’sthoughtthatthepopulationreached“carryingcapacity”—itgrewtoolargefortheenvir

onmenttosupportit.Althoughthatideahasbeensuggestedforthisdie-offaswell,it’smorelikelyblamedonthechangingconditionsoftheArctic.Graywha

les,huntedalmosttoextinctionbythemid-20thcentury,wereoneofthefirsttobeprotectedfromhunting.TheEasternNorthPacificpopulationreboundedwithoutpress

urefromwhalingandwastakenofftheendangeredspecieslist;theWesternNorthPacificpopulationisstilllistedasendangered.Thisdie-offisar

eminderthat“delisting”doesn’tindicateapopulation’ssecurefuture.Newthreatsarise,climatechangeupendshabitats,andcontin

uedmonitoringisneededincaseacrashcomes.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dwindled”inparagraph1mean?A.Increased.B.Bounced.C.Multiplied.D.Dropped.2.Whatwi

llgraywhalesusuallydoinwinter?A.Consumefewcalories.B.Travelsouthtobreed.C.MarchbacktoAlaska.D.Seekfoodinth

eArctic.3.WhatmightbethemaincauseofthecurrentUME?A.Seriousillnesses.B.Seapollution.C.Environmentalcha

nges.D.Limitedcarryingcapacity.4.What’stheauthor’sattitudetothe“delisting”?A.Favorable.B.Concerned.C.Intolerant.D.Regretful.B(2022广东湛江二模)Hua

ShengandLuSheng,aretiredTibetancouple,havebecometrailblazers(开拓者)ofgrapegrowingandwine-makingintheiroldag

es.LuShenglearnedgrapeplantingandwinemakingfromhergrandmother’ssister.Sincetheyretired,thecouplehavemovedtoLhasafromthevil

lageofYakhadi.Thoughthefactthattheregion’scapital,whichis3,600metersabovesealevel,isconsideredunfitforgrowinggrapes,LuShengan

dHuaShengbegananambitiousprojectin2015,plantinggrapesinTsalna,atowninthesuburbofLhasa.Theyreceivedsupportfromthelocalgovernment,whichisc

ommittedtodevelopingbusinessandtheeconomy.Thecouple’sprojectprovidesjobsforruralresidents,and,asaresult

,thegovernmenthasconsideredtheprojectpartofitspovertyreliefprogram.“LhasaisanidealplaceforplantingFre

nchgrapevarietiesthatareresistanttocold,droughtanddisease,andadaptabletohigh-altitudeandopen-airplan

ting,”LuShengsaid.“Thankstotheplateau’ssunshineandorganicplanting,ourgrapesgrowverywellhereinLhasa.Thegrapesar

eabitsourandsweet,andtheyhaveahighanthocyanin(花青素)content,”shesaid.Anthocyanins,whichareingrapecellsandcontributerichcolortowine,

arewater-soluble(水溶性的).In2018,HuaShengandLuShengexpandedtheirproject,plantingonnearly6.67hectares.Inorde

rtofamiliarizeTibetanfarmerswithgrapeplantingandwinemaking,theytaughttheskillstolocalvillagers.“Wehavesuccessfullytaughtthelocalfarmersho

wtogrowgrapesandmakewineoverthethreeyears.Theynowhaveanewsourceofincomebesidestraditionalfarmingandherding,”HuaShengsa

id.Yudron,aresidentofNam,saidshewasgratefultothegrapeplantingprojectinhervillage,whichhascontributedtoherin

comeandqualityoflife.“Afterworkinginthevineyardsforyears,nowweknowhowtomakewine.Wedrinkbothbarleyandgrapewi

nenow.Welovegrapewinemore,though,asitishealthier.”5.Whatdidthecoupledoaftertheirretirement?A.Theygrewgrapes

andmadewineinLhasa.B.TheymadefriendswithaFrenchexpert.C.TheymovedtoanothercityfromLhasa.D.TheylearnedgrapeplantingfromHuaSheng’sgrandmothe

r.6.Whywasthecouple’sprojectthoughtofasapovertyreliefprogram?A.Theydonatedgrapestolocalschools.B.Theyprovidedfreewineforvillagers.C.Theyemployedl

ocalresidentsasworkers.D.Theyexpandedtheprojectwiththelocalgovernment.7.Whichisthefunctionofanthocyanins?A.Theymakeg

rapesmoredelicious.B.Theycanacceleratethegrowthofgrapes.C.Theymakegrapesabitsourandsweet.D.Theyproviderichcolorsforwine.8.Fortheprojectconductedbyt

hecouple,Yudronis.A.appreciativeB.cautiousC.indifferentD.hesitateCSeveralyearsago,JasonBox,ascientistfromOhio,flew31giantrollsofwh

iteplastictoaglacier(冰川)inGreenland.Heandhisteamspreadthemacross10,000feetofice,thenleft.Hisideawasthatthewhiteblanketwouldr

eflectbacktheraysofthesun,keepingtheicecoolbelow.Whenhecamebacktochecktheresults,hefounditworked.Exposedicehadmelt

edfasterthancoveredice.Hehadsavedtwofeetofglacierinashorttime.Nocoalplantswereshutdown,nojobswerelost,andnobodywastaxedorfired.Justthesortoffixwe’r

elookingfor.“Thankyou,butnothankyou,”saysRalphKing,aclimatescientist.HetoldGreyChilds,authorandcommentator,thatpeopleth

inktechnologycansavetheplanet,“butthereareotherthingsweneedtodealwith,likeconsumption.Theyburned$50,000justfort

hehelicoptertobringtheplastictotheglacier”.Thisexperiment,quote-unquote,givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbef

ixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.Itcan’t.Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.Individualsrespondtoclimatechangedifferently.Clim

atologistKellySmithishardlyaloneinherpredictionthatsomedaysoonwewon’tbeclimatevictims,wewillbeclimatechoosers.Morescie

ntistsagreewithherthatifthehumanracesurvives,theengineerswillgetsmarter,thetoolswillgetbetter,andonedaywewillcontrolthe

climate.Butthatthen?“Justthementionofuscontrollingtheclimatesentasmallshiverdownmyback,”Greywrites.“Somethingsoundedwrongabo

utstoppingicebyourownwill,”hesays.Me?Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself.Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace,butforthemoment,sitti

ngatmydesk,lookingoutatthetreesbendingwildlyandthewindhowling,I’mhappynottobeincharge.9.Whydoestheauthor

mentionJasonBox’sexperimentinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroduceapossiblesolutiontoclimatechange.B.Todescribeamisle

adingattempttofixtheclimate.C.Toreportonasuccessfulexperimentonsavingtheglacier.D.Toarousepeople’sattentiontotheprobl

emofglobalwarming.10.WhichstatementwouldRalphKingmostprobablyagreewith?A.Thefightagainstclimatechangewillnotsuccee

d.B.Technologyisn’tthefinalsolution,letaloneitshighcost.C.It’sbesttodealwithclimatechangewithoutchangingourbehavior.D.Ja

son’sexperimentplaysasignificantroleinfixingclimatechange.11.WhatisGreyChilds’sattitudetohuman’scontrollingtheclimate?A.Favorable.B.Toleran

t.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.12.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ButShouldWeFixtheClimate?B.IsClimateChangeaRealProblem?C.HowCanWeTa

keCareoftheEarth?D.WhatIfAlltheGlaciersDisappeared?考点分类练(四)推理判断题——观点态度类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。灰鲸从濒危物种名目中除名,但并不意味着其在未来的发展中可以

无忧无虑。有研究估计,灰鲸死亡数量越来越多,可能是由于食物不足和气候变化,其中环境的改变是关键因素。1.D解析:词义猜测题。文章首句“Beingtakenofftheendangeredspecieslistdoesn’tguaranteeacarefreefutureforwhale

s.”和下文2016年、2019年的例子都在说灰鲸数量的急剧减少,由此可知,画线词应表示“减少,下降”,故选D项。2.B解析:细节理解题。由第二段中的“Likeothermigrators,theydon’tfeed

ontheirwinterbreedinggroundsoralongtheirmigration,andmustgainweightduringthesummertosustainthemselvesthroughtherestoftheyear(和其他迁徙者一样

,它们不在冬季繁殖地或迁徙途中进食,必须在夏季增加体重,以维持一年余下的时间).”可知,冬天灰鲸会南迁繁殖,故选B项。3.C解析:推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Althoughthecausewasultimatelyundetermined,it’

sthoughtthatthepopulationreached‘carryingcapacity’—itgrewtoolargefortheenvironmenttosupportit.Althoughthatideah

asbeensuggestedforthisdie-offaswell,it’smorelikelyblamedonthechangingconditionsoftheArctic(尽管最终原因尚未确定,但人们认为灰鲸数量已经达到了‘承载

能力’——数量增长过快,环境无法承受。虽然这种观点也被认为是导致这种灭绝的原因,但它更有可能被归咎于北极环境的变化).”可知,环境变化才是数量减少的关键因素,故选C项。4.B解析:观点态度题。由最后一段中的“Thisdie-offisareminderthat‘delisting’doe

sn’tindicateapopulation’ssecurefuture.Newthreatsarise,climatechangeupendshabitats,andcontinuedmonitoringisneededinca

seacrashcomes(这次灭绝提醒人们,‘除名’并不意味着一个种群的未来就安全了。新的威胁出现了,气候变化颠覆了栖息地,我们仍需持续监测,以防崩溃发生).”可知,作者对灰鲸的未来表示担忧,故选B项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙

文。一对退休的西藏夫妇在晚年搬到拉萨城郊,他们在那里种葡萄和酿制葡萄酒,并为农村居民提供工作,促进了当地的发展。5.A解析:细节理解题。由第一段和第二段内容可知,这对夫妻在拉萨城郊种植葡萄和酿制葡萄酒,故选A项。6.C解析:细节理解题。由第三段中的“Thecouple’sprojectprovid

esjobsforruralresidents,and,asaresult,thegovernmenthasconsideredtheprojectpartofitspovertyreliefprogram.”可知,他们的项目为农村居民提供工

作,因而被当地政府看作扶贫项目,故选C项。7.D解析:细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Anthocyanins,whichareingrapecellsandcontributerichcolortowine,arewat

er-soluble.”可知,花青素为葡萄酒增添了浓郁的颜色,故选D项。8.A解析:推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Yudron,aresidentofNam,saidshewasgratefultothegrapeplantingprojectinhervillage,wh

ichhascontributedtoherincomeandqualityoflife.”可知,对这对夫妇的项目,Yudron心怀感激,故选A项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。不同的科学家对于是否“控制气候”有不同

的观点,而作者主张“地球自己照料自己”,即反对人类控制气候。9.B解析:细节理解题。由第一段信息可知,一个名叫JasonBox的科学家做了一个试验,尝试用白色塑料覆盖冰川,以达到保护冰川的目的,从而引出下文对人类干预气候的可行性

的探讨,故选B项。10.B解析:细节理解题。由第二段第二句和最后一句可知,人们认为科技能够拯救地球,但是人们还需要解决其他像能源消耗这样的问题。科学家们做试验乘坐的直升机花费了50000美金,科技不会让人们免费乘车,故选B项。11.C解析:推理判断题。由题

干中的GreyChilds把答案定位在第三段。由第三段最后一句“‘Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill,’hesays.”,由此可推断,此人对于人

类控制气候的观点持怀疑态度,故选C项。