【文档说明】2023届高考二轮总复习试题 英语 （适用于新高考新教材） 专题一 阅读理解 考点分类练04　推理判断题——观点态度类 Word版含解析.docx，共(6)页，29.653 KB，由小赞的店铺上传

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考点分类练(四)推理判断题——观点态度类A(2022山东潍坊一模)Beingtakenofftheendangeredspecieslistdoesn’tguaranteeacarefreefutureforwhales.Recentresearche

stimatesthatthepopulationofPacificgraywhalesofNorthAmerica’sWesthasdwindledbyalmostaquartersince2016.Startingin2019,alarmingnumbersofthedeadwe

respottedonbeachesandfloatingoffshorethroughouttheirhabitat,fromMexicotoAlaska.TheNationalMarineFisheriesServicedefineditasan“UnusualM

ortalityEvent”.UMEsaredeclaredwhena“significantdie-off”occursandwheninformationiscollectedtoclarifywhyitoccurs.TheArctichashist

oricallylowlevelsofseaiceinrecentyears,upendingthedelicateecosystemthatsustainsgraywhales.Likeothermigrators,theydon’tfeedontheirwinter

breeding(繁殖)groundsoralongtheirmigration,andmustgainweightduringthesummertosustainthemselvesthroughtherestoftheyear

.ObserversusingairphotographynotedthewhaleslookedskinnierandarrivedinMexicoinpoorcondition,whichsuggeststheyw

erenotfindingenoughfoodduringthesummer.Thisdie-offisalarminglysimilartotheeventsof20yearsago,withanother

UMEresultinginasignificantdropinthegraywhalepopulation.Althoughthecausewasultimatelyundetermined,it’

sthoughtthatthepopulationreached“carryingcapacity”—itgrewtoolargefortheenvironmenttosupportit.Althoughthatideahas

beensuggestedforthisdie-offaswell,it’smorelikelyblamedonthechangingconditionsoftheArctic.Graywhales,huntedalmosttoextinctionbythemid-20thcentury,

wereoneofthefirsttobeprotectedfromhunting.TheEasternNorthPacificpopulationreboundedwithoutpressurefromwhalingandwastakeno

fftheendangeredspecieslist;theWesternNorthPacificpopulationisstilllistedasendangered.Thisdie-offisarem

inderthat“delisting”doesn’tindicateapopulation’ssecurefuture.Newthreatsarise,climatechangeupendshabitats,and

continuedmonitoringisneededincaseacrashcomes.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dwindled”inparagraph1mean?A.Increased.B.Bounced.C.Multiplied.D.Dropped

.2.Whatwillgraywhalesusuallydoinwinter?A.Consumefewcalories.B.Travelsouthtobreed.C.MarchbacktoAlaska.D.SeekfoodintheArctic.3.Whatm

ightbethemaincauseofthecurrentUME?A.Seriousillnesses.B.Seapollution.C.Environmentalchanges.D.Limitedcarryingcapacity.4.What’stheauthor’sattitude

tothe“delisting”?A.Favorable.B.Concerned.C.Intolerant.D.Regretful.B(2022广东湛江二模)HuaShengandLuSheng,aretiredTibetancouple,havebecometrailblaz

ers(开拓者)ofgrapegrowingandwine-makingintheiroldages.LuShenglearnedgrapeplantingandwinemakingfromhergrandmother’ssister.

Sincetheyretired,thecouplehavemovedtoLhasafromthevillageofYakhadi.Thoughthefactthattheregion’scapital,whichis3,600mete

rsabovesealevel,isconsideredunfitforgrowinggrapes,LuShengandHuaShengbegananambitiousprojectin2015,plantinggrap

esinTsalna,atowninthesuburbofLhasa.Theyreceivedsupportfromthelocalgovernment,whichiscommittedtodevelopingbusinessandtheeconomy.Thecoup

le’sprojectprovidesjobsforruralresidents,and,asaresult,thegovernmenthasconsideredtheprojectpartofitspovertyrelief

program.“LhasaisanidealplaceforplantingFrenchgrapevarietiesthatareresistanttocold,droughtanddisease,andadaptabletohigh-altitudeandopen-airplan

ting,”LuShengsaid.“Thankstotheplateau’ssunshineandorganicplanting,ourgrapesgrowverywellhereinLhasa.Thegrapesareabitsou

randsweet,andtheyhaveahighanthocyanin(花青素)content,”shesaid.Anthocyanins,whichareingrapecellsandcontributerichcolortowine,arewater-

soluble(水溶性的).In2018,HuaShengandLuShengexpandedtheirproject,plantingonnearly6.67hectares.InordertofamiliarizeTibetanfarmerswithgra

peplantingandwinemaking,theytaughttheskillstolocalvillagers.“Wehavesuccessfullytaughtthelocalfarmershowtogrowgr

apesandmakewineoverthethreeyears.Theynowhaveanewsourceofincomebesidestraditionalfarmingandherding,”HuaShengsaid.Yudro

n,aresidentofNam,saidshewasgratefultothegrapeplantingprojectinhervillage,whichhascontributedtoherincomeandqualityoflife.“Afterworkinginthevineya

rdsforyears,nowweknowhowtomakewine.Wedrinkbothbarleyandgrapewinenow.Welovegrapewinemore,though,asitishealthier.”

5.Whatdidthecoupledoaftertheirretirement?A.TheygrewgrapesandmadewineinLhasa.B.TheymadefriendswithaFrenchexpe

rt.C.TheymovedtoanothercityfromLhasa.D.TheylearnedgrapeplantingfromHuaSheng’sgrandmother.6.Whywasthecouple’sprojectthoughtofasapo

vertyreliefprogram?A.Theydonatedgrapestolocalschools.B.Theyprovidedfreewineforvillagers.C.Theyemployedlocalresiden

tsasworkers.D.Theyexpandedtheprojectwiththelocalgovernment.7.Whichisthefunctionofanthocyanins?A.Theymakegrapesmoredelicious.B.Theycanaccele

ratethegrowthofgrapes.C.Theymakegrapesabitsourandsweet.D.Theyproviderichcolorsforwine.8.Fortheprojectconductedbythecouple,Yudronis.A.appreci

ativeB.cautiousC.indifferentD.hesitateCSeveralyearsago,JasonBox,ascientistfromOhio,flew31giantrollsofwhiteplastictoaglacier(冰川)inGreenland.Heand

histeamspreadthemacross10,000feetofice,thenleft.Hisideawasthatthewhiteblanketwouldreflectbacktheraysofthesun,keepin

gtheicecoolbelow.Whenhecamebacktochecktheresults,hefounditworked.Exposedicehadmeltedfasterthancoveredic

e.Hehadsavedtwofeetofglacierinashorttime.Nocoalplantswereshutdown,nojobswerelost,andnobodywastaxedorfired.Justthesortoffixwe’

relookingfor.“Thankyou,butnothankyou,”saysRalphKing,aclimatescientist.HetoldGreyChilds,authorandcommentator,thatpeoplethinktechnologycansavethepl

anet,“butthereareotherthingsweneedtodealwith,likeconsumption.Theyburned$50,000justforthehelicoptertobringthep

lastictotheglacier”.Thisexperiment,quote-unquote,givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.Itcan’t.Technologywon’

tgiveusafreeride.Individualsrespondtoclimatechangedifferently.ClimatologistKellySmithishardlyaloneinherpredictionthatsomedaysoonwewon’tb

eclimatevictims,wewillbeclimatechoosers.Morescientistsagreewithherthatifthehumanracesurvives,theengineerswillgetsmarter,thetoo

lswillgetbetter,andonedaywewillcontroltheclimate.Butthatthen?“Justthementionofuscontrollingtheclimatesentasmallshiverdownmy

back,”Greywrites.“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill,”hesays.Me?Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtake

scareofitself.Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace,butforthemoment,sittingatmydesk,lookingoutatthetreesbendingwildlyandthewindh

owling,I’mhappynottobeincharge.9.WhydoestheauthormentionJasonBox’sexperimentinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducea

possiblesolutiontoclimatechange.B.Todescribeamisleadingattempttofixtheclimate.C.Toreportonasuccessfulexperimentonsavingtheglacier.D.T

oarousepeople’sattentiontotheproblemofglobalwarming.10.WhichstatementwouldRalphKingmostprobablyagreewith

?A.Thefightagainstclimatechangewillnotsucceed.B.Technologyisn’tthefinalsolution,letaloneitshighcost.C.It’

sbesttodealwithclimatechangewithoutchangingourbehavior.D.Jason’sexperimentplaysasignificantroleinfixingcl

imatechange.11.WhatisGreyChilds’sattitudetohuman’scontrollingtheclimate?A.Favorable.B.Tolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear

.12.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ButShouldWeFixtheClimate?B.IsClimateChangeaRealProblem?C.HowC

anWeTakeCareoftheEarth?D.WhatIfAlltheGlaciersDisappeared?考点分类练(四)推理判断题——观点态度类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。灰鲸从濒危物种名目中除名,但并不意味着其在未来的发展中可

以无忧无虑。有研究估计,灰鲸死亡数量越来越多,可能是由于食物不足和气候变化,其中环境的改变是关键因素。1.D解析:词义猜测题。文章首句“Beingtakenofftheendangeredspecieslistdoesn’tguaranteeacaref

reefutureforwhales.”和下文2016年、2019年的例子都在说灰鲸数量的急剧减少,由此可知,画线词应表示“减少,下降”,故选D项。2.B解析:细节理解题。由第二段中的“Likeothermigrators,theydon

’tfeedontheirwinterbreedinggroundsoralongtheirmigration,andmustgainweightduringthesummertosustainthe

mselvesthroughtherestoftheyear(和其他迁徙者一样,它们不在冬季繁殖地或迁徙途中进食,必须在夏季增加体重,以维持一年余下的时间).”可知,冬天灰鲸会南迁繁殖,故选B项。3.C解析:推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Although

thecausewasultimatelyundetermined,it’sthoughtthatthepopulationreached‘carryingcapacity’—itgrewtoolargefortheenvironmentto

supportit.Althoughthatideahasbeensuggestedforthisdie-offaswell,it’smorelikelyblamedonthechangingconditionsoftheArcti

c(尽管最终原因尚未确定,但人们认为灰鲸数量已经达到了‘承载能力’——数量增长过快,环境无法承受。虽然这种观点也被认为是导致这种灭绝的原因,但它更有可能被归咎于北极环境的变化).”可知,环境变化才是数量减少的关键因素,故选C项。4.B解析:观点态度题。

由最后一段中的“Thisdie-offisareminderthat‘delisting’doesn’tindicateapopulation’ssecurefuture.Newthreatsarise,climatechangeu

pendshabitats,andcontinuedmonitoringisneededincaseacrashcomes(这次灭绝提醒人们,‘除名’并不意味着一个种群的未来就安全了。新的威胁出现了,气候变化颠覆了栖息地,我们仍需持续监测,以防崩溃发生).”

可知,作者对灰鲸的未来表示担忧,故选B项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。一对退休的西藏夫妇在晚年搬到拉萨城郊,他们在那里种葡萄和酿制葡萄酒,并为农村居民提供工作,促进了当地的发展。5.A解析:细节理解题。由第一段和第二段内容可知,这对夫妻在拉萨城郊种植葡萄和酿制葡萄酒,故选A项。6.C解析:细

节理解题。由第三段中的“Thecouple’sprojectprovidesjobsforruralresidents,and,asaresult,thegovernmenthasconsideredtheprojectpartofitspo

vertyreliefprogram.”可知,他们的项目为农村居民提供工作,因而被当地政府看作扶贫项目,故选C项。7.D解析:细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Anthocyanins,whichareingrapecellsandcontributerichcolortowine,

arewater-soluble.”可知,花青素为葡萄酒增添了浓郁的颜色,故选D项。8.A解析:推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Yudron,aresidentofNam,saidshewasgratefultothegrapeplantingprojectinhervillage,whic

hhascontributedtoherincomeandqualityoflife.”可知,对这对夫妇的项目,Yudron心怀感激,故选A项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。不同的科学家对于是否“控制气候”有不同的观点,而作者主张“地球自己照料自己”,即反对人类控制气候。9.B解析:细节理解

题。由第一段信息可知,一个名叫JasonBox的科学家做了一个试验,尝试用白色塑料覆盖冰川,以达到保护冰川的目的,从而引出下文对人类干预气候的可行性的探讨,故选B项。10.B解析:细节理解题。由第二段第二句和最后一句

可知,人们认为科技能够拯救地球,但是人们还需要解决其他像能源消耗这样的问题。科学家们做试验乘坐的直升机花费了50000美金,科技不会让人们免费乘车,故选B项。11.C解析:推理判断题。由题干中的GreyChilds把答案定位在第三段。由第三段最后一句“‘Somethingsound

edwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill,’hesays.”,由此可推断,此人对于人类控制气候的观点持怀疑态度,故选C项。