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2024届高一英语线上教学阶段性评估（考试时间：90分钟；满分：120分）I.GrammarandVocabulary（1*32=32分）SectionADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowi

ngsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.________intosomanyfrustrations

andhardshipsthroughmycareer,Icaneasily________totheleadingcharacter’sstruggletofindfinancialsuccess.A.Running…identifyB.Running…relateC.Havingrun

…identifyD.Havingrun…relate【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。句意：在职业生涯中经历了如此多的挫折和困难，我很容易理解主角为获得经济上的成功而奋斗。runinto“遭遇”，第一空处作状语，应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语

I和runinto之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，且该动作发生在谓语动作之前，故应用现在分词的完成式；identify“识别，辨别，确认”是及物动词，直接加宾语；relateto“理解”是固定短语，符合题意。综上，故选D。2.Thoughsuch

internationalorganizationsastheUnitedNationsarelong________,somestillbelieveinthe________ofjunglejusticetorelationsbetweencountries.A.established…ad

justmentB.established…applicationC.abandoned…adjustmentD.abandoned…application【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：虽

然联合国等国际组织成立已久，但仍有人主张在国与国之间运用丛林正义。第一空established建立；abandoned抛弃。根据上文“ThoughsuchinternationalorganizationsastheUnitedNationsarelong”指联合国等国际组织成立已久，应用

establish；第二空adjustment调整；application应用。根据后文“ofjunglejusticetorelationsbetweencountries”指在国与国之间运用丛林正义，应用application。故选B。3.AfteranEdwa

rdiandinnerparty,thewomenwould________tothedrawingroomwhilethemenremainedatthediningtabletotalkfreelyaboutthetopicsseenasto

o________forwomentoworrythemselvesabout.A.migrate…challengingB.migrate…appealingC.retire…challengingD.retire…appealing【答案】

C【解析】【详解】考查动词，形容词词义辨析。句意：在爱德华七世时代，当晚宴结束后，女人们会退到客厅，而男人们则留在餐桌旁，自由地谈论那些对女人来说太具挑战性而不必去担心的话题。migrateto迁徙，移居；retireto

退下，退出，离开（尤指到僻静处）；challenging有挑战性的；appealing有魅力的，吸引人的。由句意可知，第一空是女人们从餐桌离开，到客厅里；第二空是男人们在讨论对女性来说很有挑战性的话题。故选C项。4.Asportwithab

roomonice________requiresbowling________makescurlingoneofthemostuniquesportsoutthere.A.that…precisionB.th

at…diversityC./…precisionD./…diversity【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句和名词词义辨析。句意：冰壶是一项要求精准度的运动，它在冰上要使用冰刷，这使得冰壶成为最独特的运动之一。precision精准度；div

ersity多样性。第一个空处考查限定性定语从句，先行词是sport，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which，且不能省略；第二个空处考查名词词义辨析，根据常识可知，冰壶要求精准度，应用名词precision。故选A项。5.To

daywegatherto________PierredeCoubertin,whoin1894resurrectedalegendaryancientritualthathadbeen________tohumanityformorethan15centurie

s.A.appreciate…lostB.appreciate…extinctedC.celebrate…lostD.celebrate…extincted【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词，形容词词义辨析。句意：今天，我们齐聚一堂，歌颂皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦，他于

1894年复兴了一个传奇的古老仪式，对人类来说，这一仪式已经消失了15个多世纪。appreciatesth.欣赏，赏识，高度评价；celebratesb./sth.赞扬，赞美，歌颂；lost失去的，丧失的；extin

ct灭绝的。根据句意可知，第一空是我们聚在一起歌颂顾拜旦这个人，因此用celebrate；第二空是这个仪式已经消失，“灭绝的”是extinct，因此用lost。故选C项。6.Stranded________abeachinArgentinaandsufferingfromseveredehydr

ationweresixkillerwhaleseach________between3and4tons.A.on…weighedB.on…weighingC.off…weighedD.off…weighing【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词和非谓语动词。句意：六头虎鲸搁浅在阿根廷的海滩上，严重

脱水，每头体重在3到4吨之间。固定短语strandon，意为“搁浅”；本句谓语动词是were，weigh是非谓语动词，此处意为“测出重量”，是不及物动词，应用现在分词形式做定语。故选B项。7.AlthoughShan

ghai’scasenumbersremainsmallbyglobal________,thecityhasemergedasatestbedforChina’s“dynamicclearance”anti-Covidstrategy,which__

_______totest,traceandcentrallyquarantineallpositivecasesandtheirclosecontacts.A.connections…tendsB.connections…seeksC.standards…ten

dsD.standards…seeks【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管按全球标准衡量，上海的病例数量仍然很小，但该市已成为中国“动态清除”抗冠状病毒战略的试验台，该战略旨在检测、追踪和集中隔离所有阳性病例

及其密切接触者。“byglobalstandards”意为“以国际标准衡量”，“seekto”意为“争取，追求，力图”，“tendto”意为“趋向，易于”。根据句意可知，此处为“安全全国标准，政策的目的是检测，追踪，隔离阳性”。故选D。8.Jiangsucuisine,oneof

theeightculinary________ofChina,isknownforits________-shapeddishes.A.traditions…elaboratelyB.traditions…humanelyC.recipes…elaboratelyD.re

cipes…humanely【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词和副词词义辨析。句意：江苏菜是中国八大菜系之一，以造型精美而闻名。A.traditions传统；…elaborately精巧地；B.traditions传统…humanely人道地；

C.recipes食谱，烹饪法；…elaborately精巧地；D.recipes食谱，烹饪法…humanely人道地。结合常识可知，江苏菜是中国八大菜系之一，名词recipe符合题意；根据“shaped”可

知，是精美的造型，副词elaborately符合题意。故选C。9.Inrugby,youcan________theballfromthehandsorunderthearmofthecarrier________committingafoulifyou’restandingonyou

rfeetinanonsideposition.A.crush…withoutB.crush…ratherthanC.grab…withoutD.grab…ratherthan【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词

词义辨析和固定短语。句意：在橄榄球比赛中，如果你站在侧位，你可以从手或胳膊下抢球而不犯规。第一空crush挤压，捣碎；grab夺取，抢夺，根据后文“theballfromthehandsorunderthearmofthecarrier”

指从他人手里夺球，应用grab；第二空without没有；ratherthan而不是，根据后文“committingafoul”指不犯规，应用without。故选C。10.Asarespectedzoologicalinsti

tution,SeaWorldnotonly________,rehabilitatesandreturnstonaturehundredsofwildanimalseveryyearbutalsogenerously

________conservationandscientificresearch.A.rescues…focusesonB.rescues…fundsC.releases…focusesonD.releases…funds【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个受人尊敬的动

物学机构，海洋世界不仅每年拯救、治疗数百种野生动物，让它们回归自然，而且还慷慨资助动物保护和科学研究。rescue搭救，解救；release释放，解放；focuson集中精力于；fund资助。分析句子可知，第一空“解救，治疗和放回自然”符合逻辑顺序，因此填rescue；第二空，根据

空前generously可知，此空填拨款，资助。故选B项。11.ThewinningshotgavetheSerbianteamatwo-sets-to-one________,butChinadidn’tfalterbeforethis____

____competitor.A.start…intenseB.start…toughC.lead…intenseD.lead…tough【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：这一制胜的一球让塞尔维亚队以2比1领先，但

中国队在这位强手面前并没有退缩。“start”意为“开始”，“lead”意为“领先”，“intense”意为“激烈的”，“tough”意为“强硬的”，根据句意可知，此处表示“比分领先”；“对手强硬”。故选D。12.Nowthatalltherestaurantsinthecityar

eclosed,Iwonderwhat________ofmyroommatewho________outfourdaysaweekandfeedsontakeawaysintherest.A.hasbecome…hangsB.hasbecome…dinesC.isbecome…

hangsD.isbecome…dines【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查固定用法以及动词词义辨析。句意：现在城里所有的餐馆都关门了，我想知道我的室友怎么了，他一周四天都在外面吃饭，其余时间都吃外卖。hangout闲逛；

dineout在外吃饭，出去吃。whatbecomesofsb./sth.是固定用法，意为“某人或某物情况如何”，isbecome是被动形式，故填第一空hasbecome；根据句意可知，前文说餐厅都关门了，所以此空应与餐厅关门

的事情有关，故填dines。故选B项。13.Apenistoawriter________aswordistoawarrior.A.whatB.whileC.thatD.which【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查固定句型。句意：笔之于作家，犹如剑之于战士。A.what什么，……的东西；B.while

当，然而；C.that（无意义）；D.which哪一个。此处为固定句型：AistoBwhatCistoD“A之于B，正如C之于D”，what引导表语从句。故选A。14.________hadexpectedtheretobeawar________thecount

ryimmediately.A.Who…wasfledB.Who…fledC.Whoever…wasfledD.Whoever…fled【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句及动词语态。句意：那些之前预测到会发生战争的人

们立刻逃离了这个国家。根据句意及常识可知，所有预测到战争发生的人都立刻逃离了这个国家，所以第一个空应选择“whoever”；由语意可知，人们是主动逃离这个国家，应使用主动语态，所以选择“fled”。故选D项。15.________asthecu

lpritsbehindclimatechangeisafactthatmostcitydwellerswouldn’taccept________.A.Beingregarded…itB.Beingregarded…/C.Regard

ed…itD.Regarded…/【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：被视为气候变化背后的罪魁祸首是大多数城市居民不愿接受的事实。beregardedas“被认为是……，被看作……”是固定短语，此处作主句主语，应用其动名词形式；that引导定语从句

修饰限定名词fact，关系代词that指代先行词fact作accept的宾语，故第二空不需要填it。综上，故选B。16.InthenewTOFELtest,therearequestions________testtakers________read,listenandthe

nspeakintoamicrophone.A.which…mustB.which…needC.where…must`D.where…need【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句和情态动词。句意：在新的托福考试中，有一些问题，考生必须阅读、倾听，然后对着麦克风说话。根据句型

分析可知，第一空考查定语从句，先行词为questions，在从句中作状语，所以应选where；第二空考查情态动词，need作为情态动词一般只用于否定和疑问句中，肯定句中，need为实义动词，所以第二空应选must。故选

C项。17.Manisalwayspursuingprofit,sometimes_________evenunaware________hehasdoneisharmfultotheenvironment.A.is…thatB./…thatC

.is…whatD./…what【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查形容词作状语和名词性从句。句意：人类总是追求利润，有时甚至没有意识到他所做的是有害的环境。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，所以第一空形

容词unaware在句中作状语。第二空为宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故选D。18.Neveraskachild________helikesordislikesafoodandjusttakeitforgrantedth

athelikeseverythingandheprobably________.A.that…willB.that…canC.whether…willD.whether…can【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句以及省略。句意：永远不要问孩子他喜不喜欢某种食物，想当

然地认为他什么都喜欢，他就可能会喜欢。第一空引导宾语从句，因空后有or，whether...or...是固定用法；根据句意可知，第二空应译为“想当然地认为他什么都喜欢，并且他就可能会喜欢”，因此句子完整

形式应为takeitforgrantedthathelikeseverythingandheprobablywilllikeeverything。因and前后都有likeeverything，因此and后面的部分可省略。故选C项。19.Techn

ologyissupposedtomakeourliveseasier,butit________alsobefrustratingattimes.A.mustB.canC.willD.should【答案】B【解析】【详解】

考查情态动词。句意：科技应该让我们的生活更轻松，但它有时也会让人沮丧。根据句意可知，此处表示情态动词的推测功能，can表示理论可能、有时可能。故选B。20.Manyadultsreportthateven

whenoutinnature,they________nottakethetimetoadmireaspectacularmountain________pullingouttheirsmartphonetotakeapicture.A.may…beforeB.may…a

fterC.should…beforeD.should…after【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词和介词。句意：许多成年人表示，即使在大自然中，他们在拿出智能手机拍照之前，可能也不会花时间欣赏壮观的山峰。情态动词may意为“也许，可能”；should意为“应该”。根据句意

，此处指成年人的习惯做法，但是不绝对，所以用“可能”符合句意；第二空填考查介词。not…before…相当于not…until…或after…，意为“在拿出智能手机拍照之前，不会花时间欣赏壮观的山峰”。故选A。2

1.BecauseLincolnhadsolittleschooling,journaliststhoughthe________nothavebeenverysmart.A.mustB.shallC.couldD.would【答案

】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：因为林肯没有受过多少教育，记者们认为他不可能很聪明。A.must必须，一定；B.shall将，应该，可能；C.could可能，（can的过去时形式）；D.would将会，过去常常，（will的过去时形

式）。结合句意可知，此处是对过去事实的否定推测，应用can/couldnothavedone。故选C。22.Herroundfigure,seenintheTangDynasty,________theadm

irableimage.A.wouldhavebeenconsideredB.wouldhaveconsideredC.hadconsideredD.musthavebeenconsidered【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：在唐代，她那圆润的身材一定被认为是令人倾慕

的形象。根据句意及时间状语“intheTangDynasty”可知，此处表示对过去事情的推测。因主语herroundfigure与动词consider是被动关系，因此应使用被动语态，“musthavedone”表示对过去事实的肯定推测，意为“过去一定

……”。故选D。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmoret

hanyouneed.WhatisitaboutAmericansandfood?Welovetoeat,butwefeel______23______aboutitafterward.Wesaywewantonlythebest,butwestrangelye

njoyjunkfood.We’reobsessedwithhealthandweightlossbutfaceanunprecedentedepidemicofobesity(肥胖).Perhapsthe_____

_24______tothisambivalence(矛盾情结)liesinourhistory.ThefirstEuropeanscametothiscontinentsearchingfornewspicesbutwen

tinvain.Thefirstcashcrop(经济作物)wasn’teatenbutsmoked.ThentherewasProhibition,______25______toprohibitdrinkingbutactuallyencouragingm

ore______26______waysofdoingit.Theimmigrantexperience,too,hasbeenoneofinharmony.DoasRomansdomeanseatingwhat“realAmericans”e

at,butournation’sfoodhascometobe______27______byimports—pizza,say,orhotdogs.Andsomeofthecountry’smosttreasuredco

okingcomesfrompeoplewhoarrivedhereinshackles.Perhapsitshouldcomeasnosurprisethenthatfoodhasbeenamediumf

orthenation’sdefiningstruggles,whetherattheBostonTeaPartyorthesit-insatsouthernlunchcounters.Itisintegraltoourconce

ptsofhealthandevenmoralitywhetheronerefrainsfromalcoholforreligiousreasonsorevadesmeatasapolitical______28______.Bu

tstrongopinionshavenotbrought______29______.Americansareambivalent（矛盾的）aboutwhattheyputintheirmouths.Wehavebecome______

30______ofourfoods,especiallyaswelearnmoreaboutwhattheycontain.The______31______infoodisstillprosperousintheAmericanconsciousness.It’sno

coincidence,then,thatthefirstThanksgivingholdstheAmericanimaginationinsuchbondage(束缚).It’swhatweeat—andhowwe_______32

_______itwithfriends,family,andstrangers—thathelpdefineAmericaasacommunitytoday.【答案】23.AC24.AE25.A26.D27.E28.B29.BC30.BD3

1.AD32.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了美国人尽管嘴上说着减肥，却吃着使人肥胖的垃圾食品，他们对于垃圾食品的矛盾心态是历史的遗留。【23题详解】考查名词。句意：我们喜欢吃，但吃完之后才会感觉到很内疚。根据下文提到的We’re

obsessedwithhealthandweightlossbutfaceanunprecedentedepidemicofobesity(肥胖).可知吃美国的食物，即快餐，会让人肥胖，所以会感到内疚。故选AC项。【24题详解】考查名词。句意：

或许对于这种矛盾情节的答案在于我们的历史。根据the判断此处填名词，再结合下文在阐述吃东西后内疚感的来源，可知是故矛盾情节的答案。选AE。【25题详解】考查名词。句意：此后有一个禁令，本来是作为禁酒的回应但事实上鼓励了更多有创造力方式。根据句意，表达“被打算用来”，可知此处应填i

ntended。故选A。【26题详解】考查形容词。句意：此后有一个禁令，本来是作为禁酒的回应但事实上鼓励了更多有创造力的方式。ways是名词应用形容词修饰，but表示转折，说明与“禁酒”相反的事实。故选D项。【27题详

解】考查形容词。句意：入乡随俗意味着吃美国人真正吃的东西，但是我们民族的食物通过进口变得被定义，例如披萨或者热狗。根据be判断此处应填形容词，but表示转折，说明我们对于美国真正的食物并不是十分了解，了解是有限的的。选E项。【28题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：无论是出于

宗教原因不喝酒，还是出于政治结果不吃肉，都与我们的健康甚至道德观念格格不入。根据前文“有禁令”，此处应译为“政治结果”，故选B项。【29题详解】考查名词。句意：但是强硬的观点并没有带来确定性。分析句子可知，此处应填名词，根据下文的Americansareambiv

alent（矛盾的）可推出此处是“确定”。故选BC。【30题详解】考查形容词。句意：我们已经开始怀疑我们的食物，尤其是当我们更多地了解了它们含什么成份时。分析句子可知，此处应填形容词作为become的表语，根据

下文的“aswelearnmoreaboutwhattheycontain.”可知，了解越多反而越怀疑，符合语境。故选BD。【31题详解】考查名词。句意：在美国人意识中对于食物的信仰依然很盛行。根据the判断此处填名词，再联系上文，美国人偏爱垃圾食品，这是他们对食物的

信仰，故此处用belief符合语境。故选AD。【32题详解】考查动词。句意：正是我们所吃的和我们如何与朋友，家人，以及陌生人分享的食物帮助定义了今天的美国社会。分析句子可知，此处是谓语动词，再结合with，判断此处是考查固定短语

share…with。故选C项。II.ReadingComprehension（1*15+2*19=53分）SectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagethe

rearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Isgrowthgoodforbiodiversity?Toanswertheque

stion,itis____33____todefinewhatwemeanbygrowth.Isgrowthgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),the“monetaryvalueofallthefinishedgoodswithinacountr

y’sborders?”Ordoesitmeanimprovingthehuman____34____ofliving?Today,whenpeoplesaygrowth,theymeanGDP,ameasurethatisover70yearsold.ActuallyGDPdemo

nstratesnegative____35____forbiodiversity,asthis“growth”measuresonlymoneyinflowswhilefarmoreimportantisthebalancesheet,

whichshows____36____anddebts.Asbiodiversitydeliversnocash,ithasnoplaceinGDPsystem,butbiodiversityprovidestheassetsideofthebalancesheet,suchasfore

sts,rivers,wetlandsandanimals—the____37____goeson.Itisarguedthatgrowthisgoodforbiodiversityinthelong

runasthereisanenvironmentalKuznetscurvewhere____38____conditionsgetworseintheearlystagesofmoderneconomicgrowth,butimproveonceagrowthleve

lhasbeenreached.Accordingtosomepeople,onceGDPhasbeenhigh,moreresourcesareto____39____inconservation,andnewtechnologies

areusedtoprotectnature.Theysaidpeoplewouldhavemoreinterestinprotectingtheenvironment,andsomeoftheforestsstartedtoreturnandmany____40____wereal

mosteliminated.StandinginAmericatodayitmightappearthattheenvironmentalKuznetscurveworks.Atfirstsightthereappearstobea____41

____.TodaytheUSGDPisincreasingwhilemanypreciousspeciespopulationsarealsorecovering.Suchconditions,accordingtosomep

eople,canbeexplainedbygreaterefficiencyincarsormoreefficientagriculturalproduction.But_____42_____,themajorityofthenegativ

eimpactshavesimplybeenexported.Thehigh-pollutingindustrieshavebeenoutsourcedtodevelopingnations._____43_____,thebitteres

tpunishmentsarelargelyfeltbeyondtheborderswhileweAmericansareenjoyinghighGDPandselfishbiodiversityatthesametime.ThiscanbeseenintheWWFannual

Report,wherespeciespopulation_____44_____areincreasingby7%inhigh-incomecountriesanddeclininginmiddle-an

dlow-incomecountriesby31%and60%_____45_____.Itisself-evidentthatgrowth,ascurrently_____46_____,hasamajornegativeimpactuponbio

diversity.WhatneedstochangeisthedefinitionofgrowthfromaGDP-essentialconcepttoabalance-sheet_____47_____.Organizationsandworl

dcommunityshouldworkoncreatingnewvisionorreformthatwillhelpensurearealbalancebetweenanimprovingstandardofh

umanlifeandathrivingbiodiverselandscape.33.A.criticalB.naturalC.challengingD.neutral34.A.flexibilityB.expansionC.standardD.philosophy35.A

.scoresB.emotionsC.aspectsD.implications36.A.competitionsB.propertiesC.responsibilitiesD.deficits37.A.tend

encyB.practiceC.listD.mindset38.A.commercialB.geographicalC.environmentalD.culinary39.A.investB.seekC.releaseD.redirect40.A.suspectsB.pollutant

sC.opponentsD.dominants41.A.chainB.logicC.penaltyD.strategy42.A.asaresultB.aboveallC.infactD.toourrelief43.A.FundamentallyB.MoreoverC.Wh

ateverD.Therefore44.A.studiesB.phasesC.scalesD.trends45.A.respectivelyB.properlyC.graduallyD.fortunately46.A.evaluatedB.definedC.provedD.corr

ected47.A.agreementB.contractC.approachD.package【答案】33.A34.C35.D36.B37.C38.C39.A40.B41.B42.C43.D44.D45.A46.B47.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。

文章主要论述了以GDP国内生产总值为中心的发展会给生物多样性造成消极影响，并建议采用资产负债的方法来定义增长。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要回答这个问题，关键是要给增长下个定义。A.critical关键的；B.natural自然

的；C.challenging有挑战性的；D.neutral中立的。根据下文“Isgrowthgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),the“monetaryvalueofallthefinishedgoodswithin

acountry’sborders?”Ordoesitmeanimprovingthehuman____2____ofliving?”可知，要回答增长是否有利于生物多样性关键要看如何给增长下定义。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析

。句意：还是意味着提高人类的生活水平?A.flexibility灵活性；B.expansion扩张；C.standard标准,水平；D.philosophy哲学。根据上下文“improvingthehuman____2____ofliving”可知，此处是指提高

人们的生活标准。故选C。35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：实际上，GDP显示了对生物多样性的负面影响，因为这种“增长”只衡量资金流入，而更重要的是资产负债表，它显示了财产和债务。A.scores得分；B.emotions情绪；C.aspects方面；D.implications影响。根据“ast

his“growth”measuresonlymoneyinflows”可知，GDP显示了对生物多样性的负面影响。且下文“hasamajornegativeimpactuponbiodiversity.”也是提示。故选D。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.competitio

ns竞赛；B.properties财产；C.responsibilities责任；D.deficits赤字。根据常识和“thebalancesheet”可知，资产负债表上会显示财产和债务。故选B。【37题详解】考查名

词词义辨析。句意：由于生物多样性不带来现金，它在GDP体系中没有位置，但生物多样性提供了资产负债表的资产一面，如森林、河流、湿地和动物——名单还在继续。A.tendency趋势；B.practice练习；C.list清单，名单；D.mi

ndset心态。根据“suchasforests,rivers,wetlandsandanimals”可知，负债的资产不胜枚举，文中只提到了其中几项，即名单还在继续。故选C。38题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从长期来看，经济增长

对生物多样性是有利的，因为存在环境库兹涅茨曲线，即环境条件在现代经济增长的早期阶段恶化，达到一定的增长水平后改善。A.commercial商业的；B.geographical地理的；C.environmental环境的；D.culinary烹饪的，食物的。根据“asthereisanenv

ironmentalKuznetscurve”可知，此处讨论环境和经济增长的关系。故选C。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据一些人的说法，一旦GDP很高，更多的资源将被用于保护，新技术被用于保护自然。A.invest投资；B.seek寻找；C.release释放，发布；D.re

direct重定向。根据“andnewtechnologiesareusedtoprotectnature.”推知，一旦GDP有所增长，就会有更多的资源被投资到环境保护中。故选A。【40题详解】【【考查名词词义辨析。句意：他

们说，人们将更有兴趣保护环境，一些森林开始恢复，许多污染物几乎被消除。A.suspects嫌疑人；B.pollutants污染物；C.opponents对手；D.dominants主导者。根据“peoplewouldhavemoreinterestinp

rotectingtheenvironment,andsomeoftheforestsstartedtoreturn”可知，此处讨论GDP增长对环境积极影响。由此可知，污染物几乎被消除。故选B。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：乍一看，这似乎是有逻辑的。A.

chain链，链条；B.logic逻辑；C.penalty处罚；D.strategy策略。根据上文“StandinginAmericatodayitmightappearthattheenvironmentalKuznetscurveworks.”和下文“TodaytheUSGDPisinc

reasingwhilemanypreciousspeciespopulationsarealsorecovering.”可知，环境库兹涅茨曲线似乎是有逻辑的。故选B。【42题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：但事实上，大部分负面影响都是直接输出的。

A.asaresult因此；B.aboveall最重要的是；C.infact事实上；D.toourrelief令我们宽慰的是。根据上文“TodaytheUSGDPisincreasingwhilemanypreciousspeciespopulationsare

alsorecovering.”和下文“themajorityofthenegativeimpactshavesimplybeenexported.”可知，事实上，经济增长对环境的负面影响是存在的，只是被输出

了而已。故选C。【43题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，当我们美国人享受着高GDP和自私的生物多样性的同时，最严厉的惩罚在很大程度上是在境外感受到的。A.Fundamentally基本上；B.Mo

reover此外；C.Whatever无论什么；D.Therefore因此。根据上文“Thehigh-pollutingindustrieshavebeenoutsourcedtodevelopingnations.”可知，高污染的工业被外包给了发展中国家，因此，当美国人享受着高G

DP和生物多样性的同时，最严厉的惩罚在很大程度上是在境外感受到的。故选D。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可以在WWF的年度报告中看到，高收入国家的物种数量增长趋势为7%，而中低收入国家的物种数量下降趋势分别为

31%和60%。A.studies研究；B.phases阶段；C.scales范围，量表；D.trends趋势。根据“ThiscanbeseenintheWWFannualReport”可知，此处是指从年度报告中看到物种增长或下降的趋势

。故选D。【45题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.respectively分别地；B.properly适当地；C.gradually逐渐；D.fortunately幸运地。根据“middle-andlow-incomecountries”可知，此处是指在中、低收入国家下降的趋势分别

是31%和60%。故选A。【46题详解】的考查动词词义辨析。句意：不言而喻，目前定义的增长对生物多样性有着重大的负面影响。A.evaluated评估；B.defined定义；C.proved证明；D.corrected纠正。根据下文“Whatneedstochangeisthe

definitionofgrowthfromaGDP”可知，此处是指目前各国给增长的定义。故选B。【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：需要改变的是增长的定义，从GDP基本概念转变为资产负债表方法。A.agreement协议；

B.contract合同；C.approach方法；D.package包装。根据下文“Organizationsandworldcommunityshouldworkoncreatingnewvisionorreformthatwillhelpensurearealbalancebetwee

nanimprovingstandardofhumanlifeandathrivingbiodiverselandscape.”可知，此处是指转变为资产负债表的方法，这样才能显示经济增长对生物资源多样化的影响。

故选C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedst

atements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）Havingw

orkedata7-Elevenstorefortwoyears,IthoughtIhadbecomesuccessfulatwhatourmanagercalls“customerrelations”.If

irmlybelievedthatafriendlysmileandanautomatic“sir”,“ma’ma”,and“thankyou”wouldseemethroughanysituationthatmightarise,fromcomforti

ngimpatientorunpleasantpeopletoapologizingforgivingoutthewrongchange.Buttheothernightanoldwomanshatteredmybeliefthatasimpleandplainresponse

couldsmoothovertheroughspotsofdealingwithallkindsofcustomers.Themomentsheentered,thewomanpresentedasharpcontrasttoourshinystorewithits

brightlightingandneatlyarrangedshelves.Walkingasifeachstepwerepainful,sheslowlypushedopentheglassdoorandhobbled(蹒跚)downthene

arestaisle.Shecougheddryly,wheezing(气喘吁吁)witheachbreath.Onaforty-degreenight,shewaswearingonlyafadeddress,a

thinsweatertoosmalltobutton,andblackslipperswiththebackscutouttoexposecalloused(满是老茧的)heels.Therewerenostockingsorsocksonher

blue-veinedlegs.Afterwanderingaroundthestoreforseveralminutes,theoldwomanstoppedinfrontoftherowsofcannedvegetables

.Shepickedupacanofcornandstaredwithastrangeintensityatthelabel.Atthatpoint,Idecidedtobeagood,politeemployeeandaskedherifsh

eneededhelp.AsIstoodclosetoher,mysmilebecamehardertomaintain;herred-rimmedeyeswerepartiallyclosedbyyellowishcrusts

(痂);herhandswerecoveredwithlayeruponlayerofdirt,andthestale(陈腐的)smellofsweatrosefromclothes.“Ineedsomefood,”shemutteredinr

eplytomybright“CanIhelpyou?”“Areyoulookingforcorn,ma’am?”“Ineedsomefood,”sherepeated,“Anykind.”“Well,thecornisninety-fivece

nts,”Isaidinmymosthelpfulvoice.“Ican’tpay,”shesaid.Forasecond,Iwastemptedtosay,“Takethecorn.”Buttheemploye

erulesfloodedintomymind:Remainpolite,butdonotletcustomersgetthebestofyou.Letthemknowthatyouareincontrol.Foramoment,Ievenentertainedtheideathatthis

wassomesortoftest,andthatthiswomanwassomeonefromtheheadoffice,testingmyloyalty.Irespondeddutifully,“I’msorry,butIcan’tgiveawayanythingforfree.”Theo

ldwoman’sfacecollapsedabitmore,andherhandstrembledassheputthecanbackontheshelf.Sheshuffled(拖着脚走)pastmetowardthedoor,hert

ornanddirtyclothingbarelycoveringherbentback.Momentsaftersheleft,Irushedoutofthedoorwiththecanofcorn

,butshewasnowhereinsight.Fortherestofmyshift,theimageofthewomanhaunted(萦绕)me.Ihadbeenyoung,healthyandpr

oud.Shehadbeenold,sickanddesperate.WishingwithallmyheartthatIhadactedlikeahumanbeingratherthanarobot,Iwassaddenedtorealizehowweakaholdwe

haveonourbetterinstincts.48.Howdidthewriterfeelabouthisjobat7-Elevenbeforetheoldwomancame?A.Hewasquitesatisfiedwithhi

sservicemanner.B.Hefoundroomforimprovementindevelopingcustomerrelations.C.Heconsideredhimselfsuccessfulindealingwit

hallinterpersonalrelations.D.Hethoughthimselfexperiencedafterworkinginthestorefortwoyears.49.Thedetailedaccountoftheoldwomanisintendedtoshow____

____.A.howshepresentedasharpcontrasttotheothercustomersB.howsick,pooranddesperateforhelpshewasC.howshesurprisedthewriterwithherunusualappearanceD.h

owinappropriateitwasforhertoenteraplacelikethis50.What’sthemeaningofthephrase“getthebestof”accordingtothepassage?A.

Tomakethemostof.B.Tobringoutthebestof.C.Towinanadvantageover.D.Tobringintofullplay.51.Whichofthefollowin

gcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.WhatIf.B.HowCome.C.IfOnly.D.NeverEver.【答案】48.A49.B50.C51.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章中作者讲述了自己在工作中严守员工规定，但却忽视了人类的

本性，没有对需要帮助的人伸出援手，这让作者后悔不已。【48题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Havingworkedata7-Elevenstorefortwoyears,IthoughtIhadbecomesuccessfulatwhato

urmanagercalls“customerrelations”.(在一家7-11商店工作了两年后，我认为自己在我们经理所说的“客户关系”方面取得了成功)”可知，起初在7-11商店工作时，作者认为自己在所谓的“客户关系”方面取得了成功。由此可知，在老妇人

来之前，在7-11工作时，作者对自己的服务态度很满意。故选A项。【49题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Shecougheddryly,wheezing(气喘吁吁)witheachbreath.Onaforty-degreenight

,shewaswearingonlyafadeddress,athinsweatertoosmalltobutton,andblackslipperswiththebackscutouttoexposecalloused(满是老茧的)heels.(她干咳着，每次呼吸都

气喘吁吁。在一个华氏40度的夜晚，她只穿了一件褪色的连衣裙，一件太小而扣不上纽扣的薄毛衣，以及一双黑色的拖鞋，拖鞋的后部被剪开，露出长满老茧的脚后跟)”可知，通过干咳的动作可以得知老人身体不好，通过老人不得

体的穿着可以得知她很贫穷，希望得到别人的帮助。由此推知，对这位老妇人的详细描述是为了展示她病得有多重、多穷、多渴望帮助。故选B项。【50题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线短语后文“I’msorry,butIcan’tgi

veawayanythingforfree.(对不起，我不能免费赠送任何东西)”可知，面对老人买不起食物的情况，作者最终决定不免费赠送给老人任何东西，由此可知，员工的规定是保持礼貌，但不要让客户胜过你，虽然老人买不起食物，但也不能随意赠送，要坚持员工的规定。由此可知，划线部分getthebes

tof与Towinanadvantageover(胜过，优于)意思接近。故选C项。【51题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段关键句“WishingwithallmyheartthatIhadactedlikeahumanbeingra

therthanarobot,Iwassaddenedtorealizehowweakaholdwehaveonourbetterinstincts.(我发自内心地希望自己的行为像一个人，而不是一个机器人

。当我意识到我们对更好的本能的控制是多么脆弱时，我很难过)”可知，作者讲述了自己在工作中严守员工规定，但却忽视了人类的本性，没有对需要帮助的人伸出援手，这让作者后悔不已，“IfOnly”意为“要是……多好”，选项能够概括文章主旨，表达了作者悔恨的心情，希望能够重新拥有人类善良的本性。故选C

项。（B）2018FudanUniversityChineseLanguageProgramforInternationalStudents(SpringSemesterIntake)ABOUTINTERNATIONALCULTUTRALEXCHANGESCHOOL,ICES,F

UDANUNIV.InternationalCulturalExchangeSchool,ICES,istheinstitutionspecializedinprovidingChineselanguageandcultureprogramsforinte

rnationalstudentsinFudanUniversity.ICESisappointedtobeoneofthefirstfourbasesofTeachingChinesetoSpeakersofOtherLanguagesinChina.Weacceptinte

rnationalstudentsforlongtermandshorttermlanguageprograms,generaladvancedandothertailor-madeprograms.ICESalsoprovidedegre

eprogramsforundergraduatesmajoringinChineseLanguage&CultureandBusinessChinese,andforMastercandidatesmajoringinTeachin

gChinesetoSpeakersofOtherLanguages.MAINCOURSESThemaincoursesincludeintensivereading,extensivereading,listening,speakingandwriting.Opti

onalcoursesincludingPronunciation,ShanghaiDialect,ChineseMovie,Chinesesayingsandproverbs,etc.arealsoprovided.Spec

ialCharacterWritingclassissetupforoverseasChineseoriginstudents.Therewillbeabout20classhoursperweekforeachlevel.★O

ptionalcoursecouldbedifferenteveryyear.ABOUTCHINESEPROFICIENCYTEST,HSK&BUSINESSCHINESETEST,BCTChineseProficiencyTest,HSKandBusinessChineseTest

,BCTarenationalexaminationsheldbyHANBAN,ConfuciusInstituteHeadquarters,whicharewidelyrecognizedinternationally.ICESisauthoriz

edtestcentersforbothtests.ICESholdsHSKtests5timesinayear,fordetailedschedulepleasecall+86-21-65642256.APP

LYINGStudyPeriod:Rangesfromhalf-yeartotwoyears.ThespringsemesterrunsfromFebruarytoJuly,andtheautumnsemesterfromSeptembertoJanuary.★Finaltuiti

oncriteriaaresubjecttoenrolmentpricingannouncedbyFinancialOfficeofFudan.ApplicationRequirements:Applicantmustbea

citizenofaforeigncountrybetween18and60yearsofage,ingoodmentalandphysicalhealth.Applicationperiods:1.ApplicationsbeginonOctober8.Deadline

ofsubmittingapplicationmaterialsisDecember10.2.AutumnSemester:ApplicationsbeginonMarch14.DeadlineofsubmittingapplicationmaterialsisJune10

.HowtoApply:1.Logontohttp://iso.fudan.edu.cn,andenterUniversity’sOnlineApplicationSystemthroughE-Application.2.The

onlineapplicationprocedureisasfollows:Registeringandactivatingaccount→Fillinginapplication→Submittingapplication→PayingapplicationfeeonOnlineApplicat

ionSystem→Waitingforapplicationresult.TheProgramDurationareasfollows:2018SpringSemester,onesemesterProgram:DurationofMajorStudy(From):2018-02-26,(T

o):2018-07-07ContactInformation:Room909,EastMain,GuangHuaBuilding,InternationalCulturalExchangeSchool,FudanUniversity220HanDanR

oad,Shanghai200433,ChinaTel:+86-21-65643652Fax:+86-21-55664859E-mail:yuyansheng@fudan.edu.cnhttp://www.ices.fudan.edu.cnhtt

p://iso.fudan.edu.cn,APPLICATIONFEESANDMATERIALSARENON-RETURNABLE.52.Whichisacompulsorycourseintheprogram?A.Ch

aracterwriting.B.Speaking.C.Chinesesayings.D.Chineseculture.53.Accordingtothepassage,whichstatementistrueabou

ttheprogram?A.Anapplicantcan’tbeawareoftheapplicationresultbeforeheorshefinishesthepayment.B.ICESisthefourthgreatbaseofTeachingChinesetoSpea

kersofOtherLanguagesinChina.C.Thepaymentforapplicationisrefundable.D.Youcancall+86-21-65643652forfurtherinformationaboutt

hetimetableofHSKtests.54.Whomightbeaqualifiedapplicant?A.Daisy,17yearsold,American,interestedinChinese,passedtheBCT.B.Yua

n,23yearsold,Chinese,haveInternetaccesstilltheendofDecember.C.Fiamma,27yearsold,NewZealander,failedinlastHSKtest.D.Zoe,24yearsold,Indonesian,noIn

ternetaccessuntiltheendofDecember.【答案】52.B53.A54.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了复旦大学国际交流学院，以及此机构为国际学生提供的汉语和中国文化课程情况。

【52题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Themaincoursesincludeintensivereading,extensivereading,listening,speakingandwriting.(主要课程包括精读、泛读、听、说、

写)”可知，该课程的必修课为“精读、泛读、听、说、写”。故选B。【53题详解】细节理解题。根据Howtoapply标题下“Theonlineapplicationprocedureisasfollows:

Registeringandactivatingaccount→Fillinginapplication→Submittingapplication→PayingapplicationfeeonOnlineApplicationSystem→Waitingforapplicationresu

lt.(注册激活账号→填写申请→提交申请→在线申请系统缴纳申请费→等待申请结果)”可知，根据申请流程，付款之后，等待结果。因此，是完成付款之后才知道结果。故选A。【54题详解】推理判断题。根据APPLYING标题下“

ApplicationRequirements:Applicantmustbeacitizenofaforeigncountrybetween18and60yearsofage,ingoodmentalandphysicalhealth.(申请条件:申请人必须为18岁至60岁

的外国公民，身心健康)”以及HowtoApply标题下“Logontohttp://iso.fudan.edu.cn,andenterUniversity’sOnlineApplicationSystem

throughE-Application.(登录http://iso.fudan.edu.cn，进入学校网上申请系统)”可知，申请人必须是外国公民，以及需要网络登录申请系统。又根据ABOUTCHINES

EPROFICIENCYTEST,HSK&BUSINESSCHINESETEST,BCT“ICESisauthorizedtestcentersforbothtests.(国际考试中心是这两项考试的授权考试中心)”可知，复旦国际交流学院是HSK和BCT两项考试的考试中

心。因此未通过这两项考试的才能申请。故选C。（C）Wehaveacrisisonourhands.Youmeanglobalwarming?Theworldeconomy?No,thedeclineofre

ading.Peoplearejustnotdoingitanymore,especiallytheyoung.Who’sresponsible?Actually,it’smorelike,whatisresponsible?TheInternet,of

course,andeverythingthatcomeswithit—Facebook,Twitter.Youcanwriteyourownlist.There’sbeenawarningabouttheimmediatedeathofliter

atecivilizationforalongtime.Inthe20thcentury,firstitwasthemovies,thenradio,thentelevisionthatseemedtospelldoomforthewrittenworld.Nonedid.R

eadingsurvived;infactitnotonlysurvived,ithasdevelopedquickly.Theworldismoreliteratethaneverbefore—therearemorean

dmorereaders,andmoreandmorebooks.Thefactthatweoftengetourreadingmaterialonlinetodayisnotsomethingweshouldworryover.Theelectronicanddigi

talrevolutionofthelasttwodecadeshasarguablyshownthewayforwardforreadingandforwriting.Takethearrivalofe-bookreadersasanexample.Dev

iceslikeKindlemakereadingmoreconvenientandarealotmoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanthetraditionalpaperbook.Astechnologymakesnewwaysofwriting

possible,newwaysofreadingarepossible.Inter-connectivityallowsforthepossibilityofareadingexperiencethatwasbar

elyimaginablebefore.Wheretraditionalbookshadtomakedowithphotographsandillustrations,ane-bookcanprovidereaderswithanunlimi

tednumberoflinks:totexts,picturesandvideos.Inthefuture,thewaypeoplewritenovels,historyandphilosophywillresemblenothingseeninth

epast.Ontheotherhand,thereisthedangeroftrivialization.OneTwittergroupisofferingitsfollowerssingle-sentence-long“di

gest”ofthegreatnovels.WarandPeaceinasentence?Youmustbejoking.Weshouldfearthefragmentation(碎片化)ofreading.Thereisthedangerthatthehigh-

speedconnectivityoftheInternetwillreduceourattentionspan—thatwewillbeincapableofreadinganythingoflengthorwhichrequiresdeepconcentration.I

nsuchafast-changingworld,inwhichrealityseemstoberemadeeachday,weneedtheabilitytofocusandunderstandwhatishappen

ingtous.Thishasalwaysbeenthefunctionofliteratureandweshouldbecarefulnottoletitdisappear.Oursocietyneedstobeabletoimaginethepossibilityofsomeoneutterl

yintunewithmoderntechnologybutabletomakesenseofadynamic,confusingworld.Inthe15thcentury,JohannesGutte

nberg’sinventionoftheprintingpressinEuropehadahugeimpactoncivilization.Onceuponatimethephysicalbookwasachalle

ngingthing.Weshouldrememberthisbeforeweassumethattechnologyisouttodestroytraditionalculture.55.Thefollowingareallcitedasadvantage

sofe-booksEXCEPT_________.A.multiformcontentB.environmentalfriendlinessC.convenienceforreadersD.imagi

nativedesign56.Theunderlinedword“trivialization”inthefifthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto“______”.A.makingthingsunimportantandl

essseriousB.reducingpeople’sattentionspanC.makingthingsfunnylikeajokeD.offering“single-sentence-long”

novels57.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.WearefacingtheproblemofdecliningofreadingduetothefastdevelopmentoftheInternet.B.Thesingle-senten

ce-long“digests”canhelpusreadthegreatnovelswithease.C.Peopleneedtheknowledgeofmoderntechnologyinordertosurviveinthefast-changingsocie

ty.D.Theauthorisconcernedaboutthenegativeeffectoftechnologyontraditionalculture.58.Whatisthemainideao

fthepassage?A.Technologypushesthewayforwardforreadingandwriting.B.Inter-connectivityisafeatureofthenewreadingexperience.C.Technologyisan

opportunityandachallengefortraditionalreading.D.Technologyoffersagreatervarietyofthereadingexperience.【答案】55.D56.D57.C58.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科技

对传统阅读既是机遇也是挑战。55题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“DeviceslikeKindlemakereadingmoreconvenientandarealotmoreenvironmentallyfrie

ndlythanthetraditionalpaperbook.(像Kindle这样的设备使阅读更方便，比传统的纸质书更环保。)”以及第五段“ane-bookcanprovidereaderswithanunlimitednumberoflinks:totexts,pi

cturesandvideos.(电子书可以为读者提供无限数量的链接：文本、图片和视频。)”可知，电子书的优点有各种形式的内容、环境友好和方便读者，富有想象力的设计不是其优点。故选D。【56题详解】词句猜测题。根据

下文“OneTwittergroupisofferingitsfollowerssingle-sentence-long“digest”ofthegreatnovels.WarandPeaceinasentence?Youmustbejoking.Weshould

fearthefragmentation(碎片化)ofreading.Thereisthedangerthatthehigh-speedconnectivityoftheInternetwillredu

ceourattentionspan—thatwewillbeincapableofreadinganythingoflengthorwhichrequiresdeepconcentration.(一个推特群正在向其粉丝提供伟大小说的单句“摘要”。战争与和平

在一句话里?你一定是在开玩笑。我们应该担心阅读的碎片化。互联网的高速连接可能会减少我们的注意力持续时间——我们将无法阅读任何篇幅较长或需要高度集中注意力的文章。)”可知，电子书的存在对人们带来的危险是我们无法阅读篇幅较长或需要高度集中注意力的文章，所以划线词“trivialization”在此

处指“阅读的碎片化”即下文提到的“single-sentence-longnovel”。故选D。【57题详解】推理判断题。根据下文“Oursocietyneedstobeabletoimaginethepossibilityofsomeoneut

terlyintunewithmoderntechnologybutabletomakesenseofadynamic,confusingworld.(我们的社会需要能够想象这种人的可能性，他既完全和现在技术合拍，又能够理解一个充满活力、令人困惑的世界。）”可推断，人们在瞬息变化的世界中

生存，是需要现在技术的。故选C。【58题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Astechnologymakesnewwaysofwritingpossible,newwaysofreadingarepossible.(科技使新的书写方式成为可能，新的阅读方式也成为可能。)”和第五段“Onth

eotherhand,thereisthedangeroftrivialization.(另一方面，也存在着碎片化的危险。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了科技对传统阅读既是机遇也是挑战。故选C。（D）【Bynowyou’veprobabl

yheardaboutthe“you’renotspecial”speech,whenEnglishteacherDavidMcCulloughtoldgraduatingseniorsatWelles

leyHighSchool:“Donotgettheideayou’reanythingspecial,becauseyou’renot.”Mothersandfatherspresentattheceremony—andawholelotofother

parentsacrosstheInternet—tookissuewithMcCullough’sego-puncturingwords.Butlostintheuproarwassomethingwerea

llyshouldbetakingtoheart:ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey’reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedor

not.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities,acrucialrequir

ementforgettingbetteratanythingfrommathtomusictosports.Infact,it’snotjustprivilegedhigh-schoolstudents:wealltendtoviewourselvesasaboveaverage.S

uchinflatedself-judgmentshavebeenfoundinstudyafterstudy,andit’softenexactlywhenwe’releastcompetentatag

iventaskthatwerateourperformancemostgenerously.Ina2006studypublishedinthejournalMedicalEducation,forexample,medicalstudentswhoscoredthelowestonanes

saytestwerethemostcharitableintheirself-evaluations,whilehigh-scoringstudentsjudgedthemselvesmuchmorestringently.Poorstudents,theauthorsnote,“lack

insight”intotheirowninadequacy.Whyshouldthisbe?Anotherstudy,ledbyCornellUniversitypsychologistDavidDunning,offersanenlig

hteningexplanation.Peoplewhoareincompetent,hewriteswithcoauthorJustinKruger,sufferfroma“dualburden”:they’renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryineptnessp

reventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.InDunningandKruger’sstudy,subjectsscoringatthebottomoftheheapontestsoflogic,grammarandhumor“extrem

elyoverestimated”theirtalents.Althoughtheirtestscoresputtheminthe12thpercentile,theyguessedtheywereinthe62nd.Whattheseindividualslacked(inad

ditiontoclearlogic,propergrammarandasenseofhumor)was“metacognitiveskill”:thecapacitytomonitorhowwellthey’re

performing.Intheabsenceofthatcapacity,thesubjectsarrivedatanoverlyhopefulviewoftheirownabilities.There’saparadoxhere,theauthorsnote:“Th

eskillsthatengendercompetenceinaparticulardomainareoftentheverysameskillsnecessarytoevaluatecompetenceinthatdomain.”Inoth

erwords,togetbetteratjudginghowwellwe’redoingatanactivity,wehavetogetbetterattheactivityitself.Thereareacoupleofw

aysoutofthisdoublebind.First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.Trainyourselftorecognizeexcellence,ev

enwhenyouyourselfdon’tpossessit,andcomparewhatyoucandoagainstwhattrulyexcellentindividualsareabletoaccomplish.S

econd,seekoutfeedbackthatisfrequent,accurateandspecific.Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou’redoing,butjustwhatit

isthatyou’redoingwrong.AsDunningandKrugernote,successindicatestousthateverythingwentright,butfailureismoreambiguous:anynumberofthingscouldhavego

newrong.Usethisexternalfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyouscrewedup.Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teacht

hemtoourchildren—theywon’tneedparents,oracommencement(毕业典礼)speaker,totellthemthatthey’respecial.They’llal

readyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.59.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.SpecialorNot?TeachKids

ToFigureItOutB.Let’sAdmitThatWeAreNotThatSpecialC.TipsOnMakingOurselvesMoreSpecialD.TellTheTruth:KidsOverestimatetheirTalents60.The

authorthinkstherealproblemisthat______.A.wedon’tknowwhetherouryoungpeoplearetalentedornotB.youngpeop

ledon’tknowhowtoassesstheirabilitiesrealisticallyC.norequirementissetupforyoungpeopletogetbetterD.wealwaystendtoconsiderourselvestobeprivileged61.Whi

chisNOTmentionedaboutpoorstudentsaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyusuallygivethemselveshighscoresinself-evaluations.B.Theytendtobeunable

toknowexactlyhowbadtheyare.C.Theyareintelligentlyinadequateintestsandexams.D.Theylackthecapacitytomonitorhowwellthe

yareperforming.62.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthosehigh-scoringstudents______.A.knowhowtocultivateclearlogicand

propergrammarB.don’tknowhowwelltheyperformduetotheirstringentself-judgementC.don’tviewthemselvesascompetentbecausetheyknowtheirlimitsD.ten

dtobeverycompetentintheirhigh-scoringfields【答案】59.A60.B61.C62.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了能力不够的人的一些表现，以及摆脱这种困境

的方法。【59题详解】主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“AsDunningandKrugernote,successindicatestousthateverythingwentright,butfailureismoreambiguous:anynum

berofthingscouldhavegonewrong.Usethisexternalfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyouscrewedup.(正如Dunning和Kruger所指出的，成功向我们

表明一切都是对的，但失败更为模糊：任何事情都可能会出问题。利用这些外部反馈，来弄清楚出你是在何时何地搞砸了。)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了教孩子们弄清楚自己能力是否特殊的方法，所以“特殊与否？教孩子们弄明白”可以作为文章标题。故选A项。【60题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Inour

eagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities,acrucialrequirement

forgettingbetteratanythingfrommathtomusictosports.(在我们渴望提升他们的自尊时，我们忘记了教他们如何现实地评估自己的能力，这是从数学到音乐再到体育等任何方面变得更好的关键要求。)”可知，我们忘记了教会年轻人现实地评估自己的能力，即年轻人

不知道如何现实地评估自己的能力。故选B项。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“whilehigh-scoringstudentsjudgedthemselvesmuchmorestringently.Poorstuden

ts,theauthorsnote,“lackinsight”intotheirowninadequacy.(而得分较高的学生对自己的评价要严格得多。作者指出，贫困学生对自己的不足“缺乏洞察力”。)”以及第三段“Inotherwords,

togetbetteratjudginghowwellwe’redoingatanactivity,wehavetogetbetterattheactivityitself.(换句话说，为了更好地判断我们在一项活动中做得有多好，我们必须

在活动本身上做得更好。)”可知，贫困学生通常会在自我评价中给自己打高分，他们往往无法确切地知道自己有多糟糕，以及他们缺乏监控自我表现的能力，没有提及他们在测验和考试中表现得不够聪明。故选C项。【62题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Suchinflatedsel

f-judgmentshavebeenfoundinstudyafterstudy,andit’softenexactlywhenwe’releastcompetentatagiventaskthatwerateo

urperformancemostgenerously.(在一次又一次的研究中发现了这种夸大的自我判断，通常在我们最不擅长某项任务的时候，我们才会对自己的表现给予最慷慨的评价。)”可知，那些高分的学生往往在评价自己在高分领域的表现时非常

有能力。故选D项。SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthe

reareTWOMOREsentencesthanyouneed.AnIceCreamThatPromisesaBetterNight’sSleep?Havebeenlosingsleeplately?____63____Thatstatementistruewhetheritactuallywo

rks.Butmanypeoplehavetroublesleeping,andmanypeopleloveeatingicecream,andthepossibilityofcookies-and-cr

eam-flavoredAmbien(安必恩，一种安眠药),eventhoughthat’snotexactlyhowtheproductfunctions,isgoingtobeirresistibletoinsomniacs(失眠症患者)everywhere.“____6

4____”saidRajDasgupta,assistantprofessorofclinicalmedicinespecializinginsleepattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.“Theyknewexactlywheretostrike.”___

_65____Thepointistheywillnotkeepyouawake,either.Theicecreamisdesignedtoincludelessofthestuffthatcanimpede(阻碍)yo

urdigestiontocausedisruptedsleep,likesugarandcaffeine.Italsohasboostedlevelsofcertainvitaminsandminerals,s

uchasmagnesium,whichstudieshaveshownisbeneficialforsleep.____66____Thebestwaytoimproveyoursleepistopractice

goodsleephygiene:Haveasetbedtimeandwaketimeeveryday,avoidcaffeineandscreenslateatnight,and,uh,donoteatwi

thintwohoursofyourbedtime.Butourwillpowerfailsus.Luckily,comparedwithHaagenDazs,Nightfood’spintshavesignificantlylesssugarandfat—buttheytastewaybet

terthanotherlow-fatalternatives,likeHaloTop.A.Partofmeislike,I’mjealousI’mnotpartofthismarketingscheme.B.Thefirstthingyousho

uldknowaboutNightfood,anew“sleep-friendly”icecream,isthatit’sageniusidea.C.Nightfood’sicecreamscomeinflavors

suchasBedandBreakfast,chocolatecherryandCookiesn’Dreams.D.Butcanjunkfoodreallysolveyoursleepproblems?Probab

lynot.E.Ifthey’regoingtoeatitanyway,I’drathertheygrabthenutritiousoneratherthantheTwinkieorthecupcake.F.Nightfood’sicecreamsdonotco

ntainmelatonin(褪黑激素)orothersleepsupplements,sotheywillnotnecessarilyhelpyoufallasleep.【答案】63.B64.A65.F66.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明

文。文章主要说明了“有助于睡眠”冰淇淋是否真的对睡眠有效的问题，并且提出了一些有助于养成良好睡眠习惯的方法。【63题详解】根据下文“Thatstatementistruewhetheritactuallyworks.(不管它是否有效，这个说法都是正确)”推知，

空处提到了一种解决失眠问题的新说法。B项“关于Nightfood，一种新的‘睡眠友好型’冰淇淋，你首先应该知道的是，这是一个天才的想法”符合题意，提出了“睡眠友好型”冰淇淋这个新说法。故选B。【64题详解】根据后

文“saidRajDasgupta,assistantprofessorofclinicalmedicinespecializinginsleepatkeckSchoolofMedicineattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforn

ia.“Theyknewexactlywheretostrike.”(南加州大学凯克医学院睡眠临床医学助理教授RajDasgupta说。‘他们知道该在哪里下手。’)”可知，空处是在引用RajDasgupta对上文提到的这些食物的

看法，A项“我有点嫉妒自己没有参与这个营销计划”符合语境，I指下文的RajDasgupta。故选A。【65题详解】的根据后文“Thepointistheywillnotkeepyouawake,either.Theicecreamisdesignedtoinclu

delessofthestuffthatcanimpedeyourdigestiontocausedisruptedsleep,likelactosesugarandcaffeine.Italsohasboostedlevelsofcertainvitaminsandminerals,suchas

magnesium,whichstudieshaveshownisbeneficialforsleep.(重点是它们也不会让你睡不着。这种冰淇淋的设计旨在减少乳糖和咖啡因等会阻碍消化、扰乱睡眠的物质。它还能提高某些维

生素和矿物质的水平，如镁，研究表明，这对睡眠是有益的)”可知，后文提到冰淇淋可能会让人睡不着。由此可知，空处内容陈述它可能让人睡不着的原因。F项“冰淇淋不含褪黑激素或者其他睡眠补充剂，所以不一定能帮助你入睡”符合语境，选项中not与后文either相对应。故选F。【66题详解】根据后

文“Thebestwaytoimproveyoursleepistopracticegoodsleephygiene:Haveasetbedtimeandwaketimeeveryday,avoidcaf

feineandScreenslateatnight,and,uh,donoteatwithintwohoursofyourbedtime.(改善睡眠最好的方法是养成良好的睡眠卫生习惯：每天有固定的就寝时间和起床时间，深夜避免咖啡因和屏幕，睡觉前两小时内不要

吃东西)”可知，后文列举了改善睡眠的最好方法。结合上文提到的“Theicecreamisdesignedtoincludelessofthestuffthatcanimpede(阻碍)yourdigestiontocausedisrup

tedsleep,likesugarandcaffeine.(这种冰淇淋的设计目的是减少糖和咖啡因等会阻碍消化从而导致睡眠中断的物质)”垃圾食品可知，空处就垃圾食品是否可以解决睡眠的问题进行了否定回答。D项“但是垃圾食品真的能解决你的睡眠问题

吗？可能不会”符合语境，引出下文什么是改善睡眠最好的方法，故选D。III.ProductiveGrammar（1*10=10分）Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblanksto

makethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheot

herblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Forageswordhasbeengoingaroundthatthedogisman’sbestfriend.Iagree.Ado

gcanbehandyasanightwatchmanaroundthehouse,asapointeronahuntingtrip,asaguardianandplaymateforthechildre

n.ButIthinkthathavingadogforapetissoexpensiveandannoyingthatIcando____67____suchafriend.Providingforthedog’

sneedsissoexpensivethattheanimalshouldbeanincometaxdeduction.There’sthemedicalbillforshotstokeeptheanimalhealthy.Unlessit’ske

ptinthehouse24hoursaday,afemalemustbegiven“preventivemaintenance,”aten-totwenty-dollarinvestment.Otherwise,____68____youknowit,you’llhavemore“i

ncometaxdeductions”inyourfamily.Anddogshavetoeat.Don’tthinkyoucanbuyacaseofKen-L-Rationandbedonewithit.Adogcanbeasparticulara

boutfoodasaFrenchexpert.TofeedevenaChihuahua,averysmallMexicandog,you’llspendthreetofivedollars____69____week.Ifyouownabigdog,yo

uneedalargedog-house.They’reexpensive.Acarpenterwillbuildaluxuriousmodelforaboutseventy-fivedollars.F

oraboutthirtydollars’worthofmaterials,aweekend’swork,andasmashedthumb,youcanbuildasimpleone____70___

_.Andtheseareonlythemajorcosts.Adogissoannoyingthatnooneinhisrightmindwouldwanttoownone.____71____(consider)thedogownerblessedwithadogthat

fetchesslippers,rubbertoys,newspapers.Haveyoueasedyourbarefeetintoslippersbittenbydogs,seenalivingroomdestroyedbyatoyboxer,triedtoreadan

ewspaperchewedtowetpiecesbyanobedientBostonbull?Anddogsmakenoise.Somehugedogsbarkallnight.Butyouaren’ttheonlyone____72____(

endure)sleeplessnights;yourneighborsletyouknowtheydidn’tsleepeither.Policemenarefrequentvisitorstodogowners’homes.Th

eyinquireaboutholes____73____(report)duginneighbors’flowerbeds,prizecatsinjuredandbleeding,andpetchickensandduckssenttotheirreward.Suspect:y

ourdog!Youdenyeverything,ofcourse.Rex,youassuretheofficers,wasasleepbythedoor.Butyousecretlysuspecthim,becauseyoudon’

treallyknowwhereRexwasallweek.Andyouremember____74____(wonder)whyfeatherswerefloatinginhiswaterbowlyesterday.Dogsareannoying

.Neitherafire-breathingmother-in-lawnoratalkativewifewillprovemoreannoyingtoamanthanadog.Dogloverswill,ofcourse,claimmyargumentone-si

ded,evenexaggerated.TheymightconsidermeascruelastheRussians,____75____possiblyattemptingtosolvetheirowncaninecrisis—s

hotFidointoorbit.Butthefactremains:ifour_____76_____(good)friendscausedustheexpenseandannoyanceourdogdoes,we’dsoonencouraget

hemtobecomeastronauts.【答案】67.without68.before69.a70.yourself71.Consider72.toendure73.reported74.wondering75.who76.best【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者

认为养狗作为宠物是如此昂贵和烦人，论述了养狗会造成的种种麻烦。【67题详解】考查介词。句意：但是我认为养狗作为宠物是如此昂贵和烦人，我可以没有这样的朋友。后跟名词afriend作宾语，表示“没有，无”应用介词without

。故填without。【68题详解】考查连词。句意：否则，在你意识到之前，你的家庭就会有更多的“所得税减免”。引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”应用before。故填before。【69题详解】考查冠词。句意：即使是

喂养一只吉娃娃，一只非常小的墨西哥狗，你每周也要花3到5美元。结合句意表示“每周3到5美元”应用threetofivedollarsaweek。故填a。【70题详解】考查代词。句意：用大约30美元的材料，一个周末的工作，再加上一个被砸碎的大拇指，你就可

以自己做一个简单的狗屋。此处表示“你自己做一个”应用反身代词yourself。故填yourself。【71题详解】考查祈使句。句意：试想一下，狗的主人有幸养了一只给他拿来拖鞋、橡胶玩具和报纸的狗。此处为

肯定祈使句，句首动词用原形，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Consider。【72题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但你不是唯一一个忍受不眠之夜的人；你的邻居也会告诉你他们没有睡觉。此处用不定式作后置定语修饰one。故填toendure。【73题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们询问邻居花坛上挖出的洞，受伤

流血的猫，以及送给他们报酬的宠物鸡和鸭子。分析句子结构可知report在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语holes构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填reported。【74题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你还记得昨天为什么它的水碗里飘着羽毛吗？表示“记得做过某事”短语为remem

berdoingsth.。故填wondering。【75题详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们可能会认为我和俄罗斯人一样残忍，俄罗斯人可能试图解决他们自己的狗狗危机，把Fido射进轨道。引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Russians，先

行词在从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词who引导。故填who。【76题详解】考查最高级。句意：但事实是：如果我们最好的朋友给我们带来了我们的狗狗带来的费用和烦恼，我们很快就会鼓励他们成为宇航员。结合句意表示“最好的”应用形容词good的最高级best，作定语。故填best。IV.Transla

tion（3+3+4+5=15分）Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.77.如

果刚刚你用一张线状图来演示文化冲击的不同阶段，效果会好得多。（illustrate）（汉译英）【答案】Itwouldhavebeenmuchbetterifyouhadjustusedalinegraphtoillustratethedifferentstagesof

cultureshock.【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气和动词。分析可知，该句涉及if引导的与虚拟条件状语从句，与过去的事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句用wouldhavedone；“一张线状图”表达为

alinegraph，“（用示例/图画等）说明”表达为illustrate，此处作目的状语，应用其不定式形式，“文化冲击的不同阶段”表达为differentstagesofcultureshock。结合其他

汉语提示，故翻译为Itwouldhavebeenmuchbetterifyouhadjustusedalinegraphtoillustratethedifferentstagesofcultureshock.78.看似

对封城不太在意，但其实我妈这些天最关心的事就是早中晚饭吃什么。（As,concern）（汉译英）【答案】Itseemsasifmymotherdoesn’tcaremuchaboutthelockdown,

butinfact,herbiggestconcernthesedaysiswhattoeatforourthreemeals.【解析】【详解】考查时态、固定句型和名词。句子陈述现在的事情，用一般现在时；“看似……”可用句型itseemsasif...表达，asif引导表语从句，“关心”

表达为careabout，作从句谓语动词，“封城”表达为lockdown；“我妈这些天最关心的事就是早中晚饭吃什么”可处理为主系表结构，“我妈这些天最关心的事”表达为herbiggestconcernthesedays，主语是单

数be动词用is，“早中晚饭吃什么”可处理为“特殊疑问词+不定式短语”结构，表达为whattoeatforourthreemeals，作表语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Itseemsasifmymotherdo

esn’tcaremuchaboutthelockdown,butinfact,herbiggestconcernthesedaysiswhattoeatforourthreemeals.79.各国应对疫情的手段不尽相同，但我认为总体而言大家都在试图让民众的生活尽快回归正常。（

approach,attempt）（汉译英）【答案】Differentcountrieshavedifferentapproachesinresponsetothepandemic,butIthinkingeneral,e

veryoneisattemptingtogetpeople'slivesbacktonormalassoonaspossible.【解析】【详解】考查动词，名词和时态。表示“各国”应用differentcountries；表示“应对疫情”应用

介词短语inresponsetothepandemic；表示“手段”应用名词复数approaches；表示“我认为”用Ithink；表示“总体而言”应用短语ingeneral；表示“试图做某事”应用固定短语attempttodosth.；表示“让民众的生活回归正常”应用getpeople'sl

ivesbacktonormal；表示“尽快”应用固定短语assoonas。but之前的句子为一般现在时，but之后的句子为现在进行时。故翻译为Differentcountrieshavedifferen

tapproachesinresponsetothepandemic,butIthinkingeneral,everyoneisattemptingtogetpeople'slivesbacktonormalassoonaspossible。80.我们拥有你能想象得到的关于现代健身会所的一

切，各种各样的运动器械，受过专业培训的教练，奢华的洗浴设施，甚至还有一个24小时营业的餐厅为会员提供有营养、低热量的餐食。（imagine,which）（汉译英）【答案】Wehaveeverything(that)youcouldimagineabo

utamoderngym,includingallkindsofexerciseequipment,trainedtrainers,luxuriousbathingfacilities,andevenarestaurantprovidingtwenty-four-hourservice,w

hichservesnutritiousandlowcaloriemealsformembers.【解析】【详解】考查动词和定语从句。“我们拥有你能想象得到的关于现代健身会所的一切”描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，“你能

想象得到的关于现代健身会所”用定语从句，修饰everything，先行词在定语从句中做“想象”的宾语，用that或省略关系代词来引导，翻译为(that)youcouldimagineaboutamoderngym，“我们拥有一切”翻译为Wehaveevery

thing，所以“我们拥有你能想象得到的关于现代健身会所的一切”翻译为Wehaveeverything(that)youcouldimagineaboutamoderngym。“各种各样的运动器械，受过专业培训的教练，奢华的洗浴设施，甚至还有一个24小时营业的餐厅为会员提供有营养、

低热量的餐食。”写成介词including+短语的形式，“各种各样的运动器械”翻译为allkindsofexerciseequipment，“受过专业培训的教练”翻译为trainedtrainers，“奢华的洗浴设施”翻译为

luxuriousbathingfacilities，“甚至还有一个24小时营业的餐厅为会员提供有营养、低热量的餐食。”其中“甚至还有一个24小时营业的餐厅”翻译成evenarestaurantprovidingtwenty-four-hourservice，“为会员提供有营养、低热量

的餐食”写成非限定性定语从句，修饰restaurant，在定语从句中做主语，应用which来引导，翻译成whichservesnutritiousandlowcaloriemealsformembers，故整句

翻译为Wehaveeverything(that)youcouldimagineaboutamoderngym,includingallkindsofexerciseequipment,trainedtrainers,luxuriousbathing

facilities,andevenarestaurantprovidingtwenty-four-hourservice,whichservesnutritiousandlowcaloriemeals

formembers.V.ParagraphWriting（10分）81.ParagraphWritingDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatementas

sportsmanship:FriendshipFirst,CompetitionSecond?GiveONEexplanationtosupportyourargumentwithin80wordsorso.Thefirstparagraphisdoneforyo

u.Yourbodyparagraphmustincludeatopicsentenceandsupportingdetails.Athletescompetetotheirfullcapacityandwith

sportsmanshipinallsportsandgames,showingtheirstrength,speed,skillandatthesametime,goodcharacter.Whatistherealsportsmanship?Does“Friends

hipFirst,CompetitionSecond”stillprovecommendableasinfairplay,especiallywiththedevelopmentofcommercialization?Myansweris___yes__（Yes/No

）.【答案】Asisknowntoall,thepurposeofsportsandcompetitionsistopromotethecommunicationandcooperationbetweenpeopleandcountries,especi

allywithtoday’srapiddevelopmentoftechnologyandcommerce.Competitionsbasedonfriendshipcontributetotheformationanddevelopmentofsuchrelatio

nships.Inaddition,thespiritof“FriendshipFirst,CompetitionSecond”hasalsobeenwitnessedonthefield.Itisthisspiritthathashadapositiveimpactonpeop

le,leadingtomorepeopleadmiringitandparticipating.【解析】【导语】这是一篇开放作文。要求考生表达是否赞成“友谊第一，比赛第二”这种体育精神，并用细节支持自己的观点。【详解】1.词汇积累目的：purpose→goal快速的：rapid→

fast此外：inaddition→what’smore影响：impact→influence2.句型拓展同义句原句：Competitionsbasedonfriendshipcontributetotheformationanddevelopmentofsuchrelationship

s.拓展句：Competitionswhicharebasedonfriendshipcontributetotheformationanddevelopmentofsuchrelationships.【点睛】[高分句型1]Asis

knowntoall,thepurposeofsportsandcompetitionsistopromotethecommunicationandcooperationbetweenpeopleandcountries,especia

llywithtoday’srapiddevelopmentoftechnologyandcommerce.（运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句）[高分句型2]Itisthisspiritthathashadapositiveimpactonp

eople,leadingtomorepeopleadmiringitandparticipating.（运用了强调句和现在分词作状语）获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com