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TheThreeGorgesProject:ABriefIntroductionADreamforGenerationstoComeTrueTheideaofbuildingagiganticdamintheThreeGorgesareatoharnesstheYangtzeRiverisnot

new.Morethanseventyyearago,Dr.SunYat-sen,pioneeroftheChinesedemocraticrevolution,firstproposedthataYangtzeThreeGorgesPro

jectbeconstructed.Later,numerousexpertsconductedinvestigationsonandpreparatoryworkfortheproject.Butbecauseofhistoricreasonsandl

ackofresources,thedevelopmentoftheprojectremainedonlyadream.SincethefoundingofthePeople?RepublicofChinain1949,theprojectwasbackontheagenda.

Aftermeticulousfeasibilitystudiesbyexperts,itwasfinallyconcludedthatthemeritsoftheprojectfaroverweighitsdemerits.OnApril3,1992,the

NationalPeople?Congressapprovedtheconstructionoftheproject.TheThreeGorgesProjecthasitsmainbenefitsinfloodcontrol,powergeneratio

nandnavigation.Historically,thepopulationinthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiversufferedtremendouslossesfromf

loodingbothinhumanlivesandproperty.In1931alone,asaresultofflooding,333thousandhectaresofcultivatedlandwerestricken,145thousandpeopleweredrown

ed.Currently,15millionpeopleand1.6millionhectaresoflandalongtheJingjiangsectionoftheYangtzeRiverareseriousthreatenedbyfl

ooding.Oncetheproject?reservoirwithfloodcontrolstorageof22.1billioncubicmetersiscompleted;theprojectcanraisefloodcontrolcapac

ityfromthepresent10-yearfrequencyto100-yearfrequency.Withitstotalinstalledcapacityof18,200MW,theThreeGorge

sHydropowerStationwillgenerate84.7billionKWHayear,one-ninthofthenationaltotalgeneratedpower.Thirdly,theprojectwillenable10,000-tontowboatstosailup-s

treamasfarasChongqing.TheYangtze?Navigationcapacitywillthusbeincreasedfrom10millionto50milliontonsayearwiththecostloweredby35%-37%.ProblemstoBeResol

vedTheprojectalsopresentsdauntingproblemswhichshouldbeproperlyhandledandsolvedtoavoidanypossibleundes

iredimpacts.Theseincluderesettlementofpopulation,environmentalprotection,fundraising,etc.About1millionpeoplewillberelocated

owingtotheconstructionoftheproject.Thegovernmenthasattachedgreatimportancetotheissueanddecidedtoappropriate

largesumsofmoneyfortheresettlementprogram.Theguidingprincipleoftheprogramisthatthelifeoftherelocatescanon

lybeimproved.Forthispurpose,thegovernmenthasadopteddevelopment-orientedresettlement,inotherwords,tocombineresettlementwithlocaleconomicde

velopment.Therelocatesfindhigher-payingjobsinthenewlysetupbusinesses,whichareusuallylocatedwithinthesamecountryorcity.Therefore,theyfeelquiteathomean

denjoyabetterlivingintheirnewhomes.Therehasbeenconcernaboutpossiblenegativeimpactsontheenvironmentbytheprojectbothathomeandabro

ad.Thisissuehasbeengivenveryseriousconsiderationandnumerousmeasureshavebeentakentoensureenvironmentalprot

ection.Forinstance,theprojectconstructionwillaffectthehabitatsofChineseriverdolphinandChinesesturgeon

.So,thepresentprotectionareasandartificialbreedingfieldsforthemwillbefurtherperfected.Itisnotinsignificantthattheproj

ectwillsupplycleanenergy,replacingtheburningof50milliontonsofrawcoalannually.Accordingtocalculations,thedischargei

ntotheatmosphereof100milliontonsofcarbondioxide,1.2-2milliontonsofsulphur-dioxide,10,000tonsofcarbon

monoxide,alongwithlargeamountofflyingdustwillbedrasticallyreduced.44historicalrelicswillbeaffectedbytheprojectconstructionandmeasureswillbetake

nfortheirprotection.Forexample,theWhiteCraneBackbone,anancientidentificationrecordofdryseasonsinthehistorywillberelocated.

TheSibaozhaiinZhongxianCountyandtheQuyuanTemplewhosefoundationsaretobesubmergedwillbewellprotectedfromwater-logging.Bytheyear2009whenthep

rojectiscompleted,thetotalinvestmentfortheprojectwillamounttoUS$28billion.Thefundsfortheprojectcomefromfoursources:theThreeGorgesCo

nstructionFunds,powerrevenuesfromtheexistingGezhoubaHydropowerPlant,powerrevenuesfromtheThreeGorgesProjectstartingfromtheyear2003andloansa

ndcreditsfromtheStateDevelopmentBank.Inspiteoftheabovesources,itisestimatedthatthereexistsafundgapof$7.1billi

on.Thisgapwillbemadeupthroughdomesticloans,exportcredits,overseascommercialloansandbondissuing,etc.Astheprojectconstructionlasts

17yearsandfundingcomesfrommultiplesources,fundraisingdoesnotpresentadifficultproblem.Thefundingoftheproject

hasbeensmoothandnoshortageofmoneyhassofaraffectedtheprogressoftheproject.ProgressintheProjectAftertheresolutionontheThreeGorgesProjectwasa

doptedin1992,theStateCouncilimmediatelystartedpreparationsfortheproject.OnDecember14,1994,theChinese

governmentannounceditsformalcommencement.Theconstructionhasproceededsmoothlysincethen.Bytheendof1995,atotalinvestmentof12.4billionyuan($1.55billi

on)wasmadeand100millioncubicmetersofearthandstoneonexcavation,1.63millioncubicmetersofconcreteworksand220,000squaremetersofbuildingwor

kshadbeencompleted.Theimplementationoftheconstructionoftheprojecthasbeenexecutedonoraheadofschedule.Allthisispreparatoryworkforthefirstma

jorgoaloftheproject-theYangtzeRiverblockinginNovember1997andalsofortheconsequentstageoftheoperationofthefirstgen

eratorsetin2003andthecompletionofthewholeprojectin2009.TheChinesegovernmentandpeopleareconfidentthat,rel

yingmainlyontheirowneffortsandalsothroughinternationalcooperation,theywillsuccessfullybuilduptheThreeGorgesProject.