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TheThreeGorgesProject:ABriefIntroductionADreamforGenerationstoComeTrueTheideaofbuildingagiganticdamintheThreeG

orgesareatoharnesstheYangtzeRiverisnotnew.Morethanseventyyearago,Dr.SunYat-sen,pioneeroftheChinesedemocr

aticrevolution,firstproposedthataYangtzeThreeGorgesProjectbeconstructed.Later,numerousexpertsconductedinvestigationsonandprep

aratoryworkfortheproject.Butbecauseofhistoricreasonsandlackofresources,thedevelopmentoftheprojectremaine

donlyadream.SincethefoundingofthePeople?RepublicofChinain1949,theprojectwasbackontheagenda.Aftermeticulousfeasibilitystudiesbyexperts

,itwasfinallyconcludedthatthemeritsoftheprojectfaroverweighitsdemerits.OnApril3,1992,theNationalPeople?Congressapprovedthecons

tructionoftheproject.TheThreeGorgesProjecthasitsmainbenefitsinfloodcontrol,powergenerationandnavigation.Historically,thepopulationint

hemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiversufferedtremendouslossesfromfloodingbothinhumanlivesandproperty.In1931alone,asaresul

tofflooding,333thousandhectaresofcultivatedlandwerestricken,145thousandpeopleweredrowned.Currently,15millionpeopleand1.6millionhec

taresoflandalongtheJingjiangsectionoftheYangtzeRiverareseriousthreatenedbyflooding.Oncetheproject?reservoirwithfloo

dcontrolstorageof22.1billioncubicmetersiscompleted;theprojectcanraisefloodcontrolcapacityfromthepresent10-y

earfrequencyto100-yearfrequency.Withitstotalinstalledcapacityof18,200MW,theThreeGorgesHydropowerStationwillgenerate84.7billionKWHayear,one-

ninthofthenationaltotalgeneratedpower.Thirdly,theprojectwillenable10,000-tontowboatstosailup-streamasfarasChongqing.TheYangtze?Nav

igationcapacitywillthusbeincreasedfrom10millionto50milliontonsayearwiththecostloweredby35%-37%.ProblemstoBeResolvedTheprojecta

lsopresentsdauntingproblemswhichshouldbeproperlyhandledandsolvedtoavoidanypossibleundesiredimpacts.Theseincluderesettle

mentofpopulation,environmentalprotection,fundraising,etc.About1millionpeoplewillberelocatedowingtotheconstructionoftheproject.Thegovernmenthas

attachedgreatimportancetotheissueanddecidedtoappropriatelargesumsofmoneyfortheresettlementprogram.The

guidingprincipleoftheprogramisthatthelifeoftherelocatescanonlybeimproved.Forthispurpose,thegovernmenthasadopteddevelopment-orientedre

settlement,inotherwords,tocombineresettlementwithlocaleconomicdevelopment.Therelocatesfindhigher-payingjobsinthenewlysetupb

usinesses,whichareusuallylocatedwithinthesamecountryorcity.Therefore,theyfeelquiteathomeandenjoyabetterliving

intheirnewhomes.Therehasbeenconcernaboutpossiblenegativeimpactsontheenvironmentbytheprojectbothathomeandabroad.Thisissuehasbeengivenveryse

riousconsiderationandnumerousmeasureshavebeentakentoensureenvironmentalprotection.Forinstance,theprojectconstruc

tionwillaffectthehabitatsofChineseriverdolphinandChinesesturgeon.So,thepresentprotectionareasandarti

ficialbreedingfieldsforthemwillbefurtherperfected.Itisnotinsignificantthattheprojectwillsupplycleanenergy,repla

cingtheburningof50milliontonsofrawcoalannually.Accordingtocalculations,thedischargeintotheatmosphereof100milliontonsofc

arbondioxide,1.2-2milliontonsofsulphur-dioxide,10,000tonsofcarbonmonoxide,alongwithlargeamountofflyingdustwillbedrasticallyred

uced.44historicalrelicswillbeaffectedbytheprojectconstructionandmeasureswillbetakenfortheirprotection.Forexample,theWhite

CraneBackbone,anancientidentificationrecordofdryseasonsinthehistorywillberelocated.TheSibaozhaiinZhongxi

anCountyandtheQuyuanTemplewhosefoundationsaretobesubmergedwillbewellprotectedfromwater-logging.Bytheyear2009whentheprojectiscomplet

ed,thetotalinvestmentfortheprojectwillamounttoUS$28billion.Thefundsfortheprojectcomefromfoursources:theThreeGorgesConstructionFunds,powerre

venuesfromtheexistingGezhoubaHydropowerPlant,powerrevenuesfromtheThreeGorgesProjectstartingfromtheyear2003andloansandcreditsfromtheStateDe

velopmentBank.Inspiteoftheabovesources,itisestimatedthatthereexistsafundgapof$7.1billion.Thisgapwillbemadeupthroughdomesticloan

s,exportcredits,overseascommercialloansandbondissuing,etc.Astheprojectconstructionlasts17yearsandfundingcomesfrommultipleso

urces,fundraisingdoesnotpresentadifficultproblem.Thefundingoftheprojecthasbeensmoothandnoshortageofmon

eyhassofaraffectedtheprogressoftheproject.ProgressintheProjectAftertheresolutionontheThreeGorgesProjectwasadopt

edin1992,theStateCouncilimmediatelystartedpreparationsfortheproject.OnDecember14,1994,theChinesegovernmentannounceditsfor

malcommencement.Theconstructionhasproceededsmoothlysincethen.Bytheendof1995,atotalinvestmentof12.4billionyuan($1.55

billion)wasmadeand100millioncubicmetersofearthandstoneonexcavation,1.63millioncubicmetersofconcreteworksand220,000square

metersofbuildingworkshadbeencompleted.Theimplementationoftheconstructionoftheprojecthasbeenexecutedonora

headofschedule.Allthisispreparatoryworkforthefirstmajorgoaloftheproject-theYangtzeRiverblockinginNovember1997andalsoforth

econsequentstageoftheoperationofthefirstgeneratorsetin2003andthecompletionofthewholeprojectin2009.TheChinesegovernmenta

ndpeopleareconfidentthat,relyingmainlyontheirowneffortsandalsothroughinternationalcooperation,theywillsuccessfully

builduptheThreeGorgesProject.