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雅礼中学2024年上学期5月检测试卷高二英语时量:120分钟分值:150分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都

有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatisthemantryingonprobably?A.Shoes.B.AT

-shirt.C.Awalkingstick.2.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutCultureExpress?A.Sheoftenmissesit.B.Shethinksitfunny.C.Shelikesitverymuch

.3.Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inashop.B.Inanoffice.C.Inarestaurant.4.Howlongdiditta

kethemantofinishhispaper?A.Notmorethanhalfanhour.B.Lessthananhourandahalf.C.Morethananhourandahalf.5

.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.HecanmakeitonSaturday.B.Moviesarenothiscupoftea.C.Therearemusiclessonsintheevening.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听

下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whydoe

sthemanfeelsurprised?A.Thewomanrefusedtoleave.B.Thewomandisagreeswithhim.C.Thewomanhasfoundanewjob.7.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherd

epartment?A.There’stoomuchpressure.B.Peopledon’ttrusteachother.C.Therearesomeseriousproblems.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatarethespeakersgoing

todothisweekend?A.Gotothebeach.B.Climbamountain.C.Goforabicycle-ride.9.WhatdoweknowaboutPaulandMary?A.Theydids

omeridingyesterday.B.Theymightbethespeakers’friends.C.They’vedecidedtojointhespeakers.听第8段材料，回答第10至1

3题。10.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.SignupforaPEclass.B.Interviewthemaninthegym.C.Takesomeexercisetokeepfit.11.Whatsportdoesthewoma

ndislikedoing?A.Jogging.B.Running.C.Weight-lifting.12.Howoftendoesthemanadvisethewomantoworkoutatfirst?A.Twiceaweek.B.Three

timesaweek.C.Fourtimesaweek.13.Whatcanweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheiseagertostarttheclass.B.Sheoftenworksoutinthegym.C.Shehasdonesomeexerciserecently.听

第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatkindofbusinessdidthemanstart?A.Agrocerystore.B.Asmallrestaurant.C.Anicecreamshop.15.Howmanyemployeesatmostarethereina

smallbusinessintheUS?A.300.B.400.C.500.16.Whydidthemanopenhisbusinessinthesuburbs?A.Toavoidcompeting.B.Toearnmoremoney.C.Toattractmorecustom

ers.17.Howdidthemangetthemoneytostarthisbusiness?A.Bysavingmoneybyhimself.B.Bygettingaloanfromabank.C.Byborrow

ingmoneyfromanorganization.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatcanwelearnfromthenews?A.Novillagerwaskilled.B.15houseswereb

adlydamaged.C.Over200peopleweremadehomeless.19.Whatdoweknowaboutthefarmer?A.Hiswifewasmissing.B.Hishousewasdestroyed.C.Oneofhischildrenwaskilled.20

.Whatdidthewomandowhenshesawherhouseshaking?A.Shetriedtotakesomethingout.B.Sherushedoutwithherchildren.C.Shetoldherhus

bandnottoleave.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。ATop3BestMuseumsintheWorldWhetheryouareafine

artorhistorylover,thefollowingthreemuseumsaresuretotakeyourbreathaway.LeLouvre,Paris,FranceAvisittotheLouvreanditscollectionsle

tsvisitorsdiscoverWesternartfromtheMiddleAgesto1848aswellasalargenumberofancientcivilizations.Thegrandpalacethathousesthemuseum.whichdatesbacktothel

atetwelfthcentury,isatruelessoninarchitecture:from1200to2011,themostinnovativearchitectshaveinturnbuiltanddevelopedtheLouvre.●Officialwebsite:Lou

vre●Highlight:LeonardodaVinci`s“MonaLisa.”TheBritishMuseum,London,UKTheBritishMuseuminLondonwasfoundedin1

753andopeneditsdoorssixyearslater.Itwasthefirstnationalmuseumtocoverallfieldsofhumanknowledge,opentovisit

orsfromacrosstheworld.Noothermuseumisresponsibleforcollectionsofthesamedepthandbreadth,beautyandsignificance.●Officialwebsite:BritishMus

eum●Highlight:theRosettaStone.TheStateHermitageMuseum,StPetersburg,RussiaThesecond-largestartmuseumintheworld,theStateHermitageMus

eumwasfoundedin1764(200yearslaterthanTheUffiziGalleries,Florence,Italy),whenEmpressCatherinetheGreatacquiredanimpressivecollectiono

fworksfromtheBerlinmerchantJohannErnstGotzkowsky.Today,thecollectionofartworkscontainspaintings,sculpturesandsoon.●Officialwebsite:StateHermit

ageMuseum●Highlight:GoldenmasterpiecesfromEurasia.1.WhenwastheBritishMuseum,London,UKopenedtothepublic?A.1564.B.1753.C.1759.D.1848.2.WhatdotheTop3b

estmuseumshaveincommon?A.TheyhaveexhibitsfromtheMiddleAges.B.Theyfeatureexhibitsfromancienttimes.C.Theyhaveexhibitsconcernedwithkings.D.Theyha

vebothfineartandhistoryexhibits.3.Whichisthelargestartmuseumbutoneintheworld?A.LeLouvre,Paris,France.B.TheStateHermitageMuseum,Russia.C.TheBritishM

useum,London,UK.D.TheUffiziGalleries,Florence,Italy.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了世界上最好的三个博物馆：法国巴黎卢浮宫、英国伦敦的大英博物馆和俄罗斯圣彼得堡冬宫博物馆.【1题详解】细节理解题。根

据文章“TheBritishMuseuminLondonwasfoundedin1753andopeneditsdoorssixyearslater.”（伦敦的大英博物馆于1753年建立，并在六年后对外开放。）可知，大英博物馆于1759年对外开放。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解

题。根据第一段内“Whetheryouareafineartorhistorylover,thefollowingthreemuseumsaresuretotakeyourbreathaway”（无论你是美术爱好者还是历史爱好者，以下三个博物馆一定会让你大吃一惊）可

知这三个博物馆都收藏有与美术和历史有关的作品。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“Thesecond-largestartmuseumintheworld,theStateHermitageMuseumwasfoundedin1764”（世界第二大

艺术博物馆，国家艾尔米塔什博物馆于1764年建立。）可知，世界第二大艺术博物馆是俄罗斯国家冬宫博物馆。故选B。BGrowingupinUkraine,Vadimdidn’tknowwhatitwasliketoliveinasafe,stablehom

e.Hisparentswerealcoholicswhowouldoftenbeathim.They’devenstuffhimintoawinecontainer,breakinghislittlebodyandleavingonlyasmallopeningatt

hetopsohecouldbreatheandsee—butonlyjustalittle.BythetimeVadimturned9,hewaslivinginanorphanage(孤儿院).Unfortunately,asisthecasewithfartoomanylittleones,

hislifeonlygotworsethere.Notonlywashehurt,buthewasplacedinaroomonthethirdfloor,的makingitimpossibletogetdownstairsinawheelch

air.ThisleftVadimcrawlingupanddownthestairs,anactivitythatwasbothphysicallyandmentallyexhausting.He’doftenbelateformeals

.Ifthefoodwasn’talreadygonebythetimehearrived,otherkidswouldstealfromhim.Then,achaineffectbeganwhensomespe

cialfolksvisitedtheorphanage.Theytoldhimastoryaboutaspiritualfigurewhoadvocatedloveandforgiveness.Thisconversationhelpedthe14-year-oldf

indhisfaithand,inturn,hehadmorehopethanheeverhadbefore.Today,Vadimisnolongertheboysubjecttofate.Heisafathertohisownkids,andhislifecouldn’tbemorediffe

rentorbetter.Overtheyears,he’sdiscoveredagiftforexpressinghimselfthroughart.ThisinspiredTimTebowFoundation,anorganiza

tionfightingforthemostvulnerable(脆弱的)peoplearoundtheworld,toaskifhe`dliketocreateapiecethatrepresentedwhatitlookedandfeltlikeforhimtoha

vegonefrom“darknesstolight.”Theresult?AtrulyremarkablepaintingthatfeaturesVadim,inhiswheelchair,leavingbehindhiso

ldhome,includingthewinecontainerhisparentsstuffedhiminto.Hisnewdirectionincludesabeautifulforestfulloffall

leavesandbrightlight,showingthehopeheissaidtohavefoundintheinspiringstory.4.Accordingtothepassage,Vadim’sparentstreatedhim________.A.cr

uellyB.forgivinglyC.thoughtfullyD.strictly5.WhydidVadimcrawlupanddownthestairswhenlivingintheorphanage?A.Becausehislittleroommatesoft

endiddamagetohiswheelchair.B.Becauseotherchildrenwouldtakehismealwithoutpermission.C.Becausehecouldn’tusethewheelchairtogodownstairsfrom

ahighfloor.D.Becausegettingdownstairswasdemandingforhimphysicallyandmentally.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“achaineffect”inparagr

aph4referto?A.AneffectivetreatmentforVadim’sdisability.B.AseriesofpositivechangesoccurringinVadim’slife.C

.Asenseofhopefromthestoryofaspiritualfigure.D.AhelpinghandfromTimTebowFoundation.7.WhatisthemessagethatVadimwantstoconveyi

nhisremarkablepainting?A.Headmiresthebeautyandharmonyofnature.B.Heleadsamiserablelifewithhisownkids.C.Hei

sexpertatdelicatepaintingtechniques.D.Hesaysfarewelltothepastandharvestshappiness.【答案】4A5.C6.B7.D【解析

】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了乌克兰孤儿Vadim在经历虐待、困境后，找到信仰，走向光明人生的历程。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hisparentswerealcoholicswhowouldoftenbeath

im.They’devenstuffhimintoawinecontainer,breakinghislittlebodyandleavingonlyasmallopeningatthetopsohecou

ldbreatheandsee—butonlyjustalittle.(他的父母都是酒鬼，经常打他。他们甚至把他塞进一个葡萄酒容器里，把他小小的身体弄伤，只在顶部留下一个小口，让他可以呼吸和看到外面——但只有一点点)”可知，Vadim常常遭到

父母的虐待，对他很残忍。故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Notonlywashehurt,buthewasplacedinaroomonthethirdfloor,makingitimpossibletogetdownstairs

inawheelchair.(他不仅受伤了，而且被安置在三楼的一个房间里，坐轮椅根本无法下楼)”和第三段中“ThisleftVadimcrawlingupanddownthestairs,anactivityth

atwasbothphysicallyandmentallyexhausting.(这让瓦迪姆在楼梯上爬上爬下，这是一项身心俱疲的活动)”可知，Vadim只能爬上爬下楼梯是因为坐在轮椅上无法下楼。故选C项。【6题详解】词句猜测题。

根据第四段划线词后文“Theytoldhimastoryaboutaspiritualfigurewhoadvocatedloveandforgiveness.Thisconversationhelpedthe14-year-oldfindhisfaithand,inturn,heh

admorehopethanheeverhadbefore.(他们给他讲了一个关于一位提倡爱和宽恕的精神人物的故事。这次谈话帮助这个14岁的男孩找到了他的信仰，反过来，他比以往任何时候都有了更多的希望)”可知，这些人的到访让Vadim找到信仰，给他带来希望，这些

都积极的变化，故当一些特殊的人参观孤儿院时，一系列积极变化开始了，划线词achaineffect指的是B项“Vadim生活中发生的一系列积极变化”。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“ThisinspiredTimTe

bowFoundation,anorganizationfightingforthemostvulnerablepeoplearoundtheworld,toaskifhe`dliketocreateapiecethatrep

resentedwhatitlookedandfeltlikeforhimtohavegonefrom“darknesstolight.”(这激发了TimTebowFoundation的灵感，该基金会是一个为世界上最弱势群体而战的组织，他们问他是

否愿意创作一件作品，代表他从“黑暗走向光明”的样子和感觉)”和最后一段中“AtrulyremarkablepaintingthatfeaturesVadim,inhiswheelchair,leavingbehindhisoldhome,includingthewinecontai

nerhisparentsstuffedhiminto.Hisnewdirectionincludesabeautifulforestfullof.fallleavesandbrightlight,showingthehopeheissaidtohavefoundintheins

piringstory.(这幅画作极为引人注目，描绘了瓦迪姆坐在轮椅上，告别他的旧家，其中包括他曾被父母塞进去的酒桶。他新的旅程方向是一片充满秋日落叶和明亮光线的美丽森林，象征着他在那鼓舞人心的故事中找到的希望之光)”可推知，Vadim想在这幅非凡的画作中表达的是他从黑暗走向光明，告别过去，收

获幸福。故选D项。CTheideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851

.Sincethen,it’sbecomesowidelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstoneforhealth—adiagnostictoolusedbyphysiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofw

hethersomeoneissickorwell.However,itturnsoutthatthiswell-establishedfactisn’t,infact,correct—or,toputitmoreaccurately

,humanbeingshavebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehaveten

dedtorunlowcomparedtotheacceptednorm(标准),sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJuliePar-sonnet,MD,professorofmedicineandofhealthresearchandpolicy

,decidedtodoamorein-depthstudytocomparemodernmeasurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybodytemperaturetrend

sand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.Fortheirresearch,theStanfordteamlookedatthreedistinctdatasetsfromtwohistoricalperiods.Aftergoi

ngthrough677,423temperaturemeasurements,theteamfoundthatmenborninthe21stcenturyhadanaveragebodytemperature

of0.6℃lowerthanthatofthosebornintheearly19thcenturywhilemodernwomenshowedanaveragedecreaseof0.03℃comparedtothoseborninthe1890s.

Astowhythisishappening,theresearcherssaythatthemostlikelymechanismisareductioninthehumanmetabolicrate(代谢率)duetoenvironmentalfactors:Onepossibility

isthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshavereducedtheincidenceofinflammations(炎症),whichpromotemetabolism.Thi

scombinedwithpeoplelivingmorecomfortablelivesinmorestableenvironmentsmeansthatthebodydoesn’thavetoworkashardto

staywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.”Theenvironmentthatwe’relivinginhaschanged,includingthetemperatureinourhome

s,ourcontactwithmicroorganisms(微生物)andthefoodthatwehaveaccessto.Allthesethingsmeanthatalthoughweconsiderhumanbeingsa

sthesameforallofhumanevolution,we’renotthesame.We’reactuallychangingphysiologically,”Parsonnetsaid.8.WhatisCarlReinh

oldAugustWunderlich’sachievement?A.Hesetupstandardsforhumanhealthservices.B.Hepredictedtrendsinhumanbodyt

emperature.C.Hefirstusedbodytemperatureasahealthindicator.D.Heproposedthestandardhumanbodytemperatur

e.9.WhatcanwelearnabouttheStanfordteam’sstudy?A.Itshowswomenhavealowerbodytemperaturethanmen.B.Itproveshumanbodytemperaturehasdroppedatafas

terrate.C.Itcomparedhistoricalandcurrenthumanbodytemperaturedata.D.Itsuggestedupdatingthedefinitionoftheaveragebodytemperature

.10.Whichofthefollowingisthoughttocausethedecreaseinhumanbodytemperature?A.Theimprovedlivingconditions.BThecontactwithothercreatures.C.Thedecl

ineinphysicallydemandingwork.D.Theadaptationofhumanstoclimatechange.11.Whichonecouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whatexactlyisnormalhumanbody

temperature?B.Whydoeshumanbodytemperatureneedmeasuring?C.HumanbodytemperaturehasdecreasedovertheyearsD.Humanbodytemperaturechan

geswiththeenvironment【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，人类的平均标准体温在下降，传统意义上的37℃的标准体温已经不适用于所有人。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theideathatthe

normalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.(

1851年，德国医生CarlReinholdAugustWunderlich首次提出了正常人体温度约为37℃的观点。)”和第二段中的“Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeop

lehavetendedtorunlowcomparedtotheacceptednorm(最近的研究表明，与公认的标准相比，人群的体温记录往往较低)”可知，CarlReinholdAugustWunderlich提出人类标准体温大约是37

℃。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowcomparedtoth

eacceptednorm(标准),sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJuliePar-sonnet,MD,.professorofmedicineandofhealthresearchandpolicy,decid

edtodoamorein-depthstudytocomparemodernmeasurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybodytemperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoo

lingishappening.(最近的研究表明，与公认的标准相比，人群的体温记录往往较低，因此，由医学、健康研究与政策教授JulieParsonnet医学博士领导的斯坦福大学团队决定进行一项更深入的研究，将现代测量值与历史记录进行比较，试图确定体温趋势，

揭示这种冷却现象发生的原因。)”及第三段关于两个不同历史时期体温的对比可知，该研究团队对比研究了历史和当前的人体体温数据。故选C项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublichealthover20

0yearshavereducedtheincidenceofinflammations(炎症),whichpromotemetabolism.Thiscombinedwithpeoplelivingmorecomfo

rtablelivesinmorestableenvironmentsmeansthatthebodydoesn’thavetoworkashardtostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.(一种可能性是，200

多年来公共卫生的改善降低了炎症的发生率，炎症可以促进新陈代谢。这与人们在更稳定的环境中过着更舒适的生活相结合，意味着身体不必为了保暖而努力工作，因此平均温度会下降。)”可推知，生活条件的改善使人类的标准体温降低。故选A项。【11题详解】主旨

大意题。由第一段“Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustW

underlichin1851.Sincethen,it’sbecomesowidelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstoneforhealth—adiagnostictoolusedbyphysiciansandparentsasa

basicindicatorofwhethersomeoneissickorwell.However,itturnsoutthatthiswell-establishedfactisn’t,infact,correct—or,toputitmoreaccurately,humanbeingsh

avebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.(1851年，德国医生CarlReinholdAugustWunderlich首次提出了正常人体温度约为37℃的观点。从那时起，它被广泛接受，成为健康的试金石——医生

和父母使用的诊断工具，作为判断某人是否生病或健康的基本指标。然而，事实证明，事实上，这个公认的事实是不正确的——或者，更准确地说，人类多年来一直在变冷。)”以及后文可知，本文介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究：自19世纪末以来，人类的标准体温有所下降，由此推断，C项Humanbodytemp

eraturehasdecreasedovertheyears(人体温度多年来一直在下降)为最佳标题。故选C项。DOdors(气味)arecomplexandoftenhavechangeablestructures,andcanshowmeaningfu

linformationaboutananimal’ssurroundings,likethelocationoffoodsources.Butithaspreviouslybeenassumedthatmammalian(哺乳动物的)brainscan

`tfullyprocessthesetemporalchangesinsmellbecausetheyhappensorapidly,muchfasterthanananimalcansmell.Usingbehavioralexperiments,researchersattheFran

cisCrickInstituteandUCL(UniversityCollegeLondon)foundthatmicecan,infact,detectveryrapidvariationswithinodors,atratespreviou

slynotthoughtpossible.Theyalsoshowedthatmicecanusethisinformationtodistinguishwhetherodorsarecomingfromthesameordifferentsou

rces,eveniftheyareveryclosetoeachother.Thissuggeststhatthemammalianolfactory(嗅觉的)systemisalsokeyinprocessingtheawarenessofp

hysicalspaceandsurroundings,guidingdecisionsimportanttosurvival.AndreasSchaefer,groupleaderoftheSensor

yCircuitsandNeurotechnologyLaboratoryatUCLsays:“Fromanevolutionary(进化的)pointofviewourfindingsmakesenseastheyhelptoexplainwhythereisalo

tofcomputationalpowerwithintheolfactorybulb,thepartofthebrainwherethenosesendssignalsto.It’snotonlyprocess

ingchemicalsfromodorsbutalsocalculatinginformationaboutphysicaldistanceandsources.Itwouldhavebeenstrangeforevolutiontocreatesuchproc

essingpowerinthispartofthebrainifitwerenotbeingusedtohelpthespeciessurvive.”Inonekeyexperiment,thescientiststrainedmicetodete

ctwhethertwoodorswerecomingfromthesamesourceorseparatesources.Themicewereabletocorrectlydistinguishthisdifference.Aspartofthestudy,thescien

tistsdesignednewtechnologiesincludingahigh-speedodordeliverydeviceandequipmentthatcanmeasureseveralodor

swithextremelyhighprecision.Theseinnovationswillenablemorecomplicatedworkontheolfactorybulb,increasingourkn

owledgeofhowthisbrainregionprocessesinformationabouttheenvironmentandinfluencesbehavior.12.Whathasbe

enpreviouslyassumedimpossibleformammalianbrains?A.Sensingfastandsmallchangesinodors.B.Respondingtodifferentbehavior

sproperly.C.Spottingrelationshipsamongdifferentodors.D.Rememberingtheexactlocationoffoodsources.13.WhatdoSchaefer’swordsimplyabouttheolfactory

bulb?A.Itsendssignalstothenose.B.Itchangesananimal’sevolution.C.Itdetectsananimal’ssurroundings.D.Itrecognizesdifferentpartsofthebrain

.14.Whydidthescientistscreatenewtechnologies?A.Toinvestigatethestructuresofseveralodors.B.Tolearnmoreabouthowtheolfactorybulbworks.C.Todevelopmore

treatmentsfortheolfactorybulb.D.Toexploretheimpactoftheenvironmentonthebrain.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A.Micemighthaveauniqu

eolfactorysystem.B.Mammalianbrainsowncomputationalpower.C.Differentstructuresofodorsattractdifferentmice.D.R

apidchangingsmellscanteachmiceaboutspace.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。气味是复杂的，通常具有可变的结构，可以显示动物周围环境的有意义的信息，比如食物来源的位置。但此前人们认为，哺乳动物的大脑无法完全处理这些嗅觉的

时间变化，因为它们发生得太快了。研究人员发现，事实上，老鼠可以以以前认为不可能的速度检测到气味的快速变化，还能辨别气味是否来自相同或不同的来源。这表明，哺乳动物的嗅觉系统在处理对物理空间和环境的感知起着关键作用，可以指导对生存至关重要的决策。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一

段“Odors(气味)arecomplexandoftenhavechangeablestructures,andcanshowmeaningfulinformationaboutananimal’ssurrou

ndings,likethelocationoffoodsources.Butithaspreviouslybeenassumedthatmammalian(哺乳动物的)brainscan`tfullyproc

essthesetemporalchangesinsmellbecausetheyhappensorapidly,muchfasterthanananimalcansmell.”（气味很复杂，通常具有可变的结构，可以显示有关动物周围环境的有意义的信息，例如食物来源的位置。但之前

人们认为哺乳动物的大脑无法完全处理这些嗅觉的瞬时变化，因为它们发生得非常快，比动物的嗅觉快得多。）可知，气味是复杂的，通常具有可变的结构，可以显示动物周围环境的有意义的信息，比如食物来源的位置。但此前人们认为，哺乳动物的大脑无法完全处理这些嗅觉的时

间变化，因为它们发生得太快了。第二段中“Usingbehavioralexperiments,researchersattheFrancisCrickInstituteandUCL(UniversityCollegeLondon)foundthatmicecan,infact,det

ectveryrapidvariationswithinodors,atratespreviouslynotthoughtpossible.”（弗朗西斯克里克研究所和伦敦大学学院的研究人员通过行为实验

发现，老鼠实际上可以检测到气味的快速变化，其变化速度是以前认为不可能的。）可知，研究人员发现，事实上，老鼠可以以以前认为不可能的速度检测到气味的快速变化，还能辨别气味是否来自相同或不同的来源。由此可知

，此前人们认为哺乳动物的大脑不可能感知气味快速而细微的变化。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“It’snotonlyprocessingchemicalsfromodorsbutalsoc

alculatinginformationaboutphysicaldistanceandsources.Itwouldhavebeenoddforevolutiontocreatesuchprocessingpowerinthispartofthebrainifi

twerenotbeingusedtohelpthespeciessurvive.”（它不仅处理气味中的化学物质，还计算有关物理距离和来源的信息。如果不是为了帮助物种生存，大脑的这一部分会进化出如此强大的处理能力，这真是太奇怪了）可知，嗅球不仅从气味中处理化学物质，而且还计算物理距离

和来源的信息，并且这些是可以用来帮助物种生存的，由此可推知，谢弗的话暗示了嗅球可以探测动物的周围环境。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Aspartofthestudy,thescientists

designednewtechnologiesincludingahigh-speedodordeliverydeviceandequipmentthatcanmeasureseveralodorswithextremelyhighprecision.Theseinno

vationswillenablemorecomplicatedworkontheolfactorybulb,increasingourknowledgeofhowthisbrainregionprocesses

informationabouttheenvironmentandinfluencesbehavior.”（作为研究的一部分，科学家们设计了新技术，包括高速气味传送装置和可以以极高精度测量多种气味的设备。这些创新将使嗅球研究更加复杂，让我们更了解这个大脑区域如何处理环境信息并影响行为。）可知

，科学家们创造新技术是为了进一步了解嗅球的工作原理。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Usingbehavioralexperiments,researchersattheFrancisCrickInstituteandUCL(UniversityColl

egeLondon)foundthatmicecan,infact,detectveryrapidvariationswithinodors,atratespreviouslynotthoughtpossible.Theyalsoshowedthatmicecanusethisi

nformationtodistinguishwhetherodorsarecomingfromthesameordifferentsources,eveniftheyareveryclosetoeachother.”（弗朗西斯克里克研究所和伦敦大学学院的研究人员通

过行为实验发现，小鼠实际上能够以以前认为不可能的速度检测到气味的快速变化。他们还表明，即使气味彼此非常接近，小鼠也可以利用这些信息区分气味是来自相同来源还是不同来源。）和第三段“Thissuggeststhatthemammal

ianolfactory(嗅觉的)systemisalsokeyinprocessingtheawarenessofphysicalspaceandsurroundings,guidingdecisionsimportanttosurvival.”（这表明，哺乳动物的嗅觉系统

在处理物理空间和周围环境意识方面也发挥着关键作用，可以指导对生存至关重要的决策。）可知，文章主要讲述了研究表明，快速变化的气味可以让老鼠了解空间知识。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有

两项为多余选项。Sweatingmaynotbeyourfavoritethingtodo,butitisanecessaryprocessformaintainingthehealthofthehumanbody.____16____Herearefourresearch-backedre

asonswhythissalt-basedfluidcanbenefityou.•Sweatingisgoodforyourskin.Sweatisknowntocooltheskin,bringingtoxins(毒素)tothesurfaceandgivingtheskina

healthyglow.Researchshowsthatsweatingcanincreaseandmaintainskinhydration.However,leavingsweatontheskinfortoolongcancauseski

ndiseasessuchasacne(痤疮).____17____•Sweatingmakesyouhappy.Whenyouarehot,yourheartbeatsfastertocoolthebody,releasingendorphinst

hatcausefeelingsofjoy.____18____Inarecentstudy,peoplewhosmelled“joyfulsweat”displayedtendenciesassociatedwith

happiness.However,thoseexposedtofear-inducedsweatshowedcharacteristicsofterror.•Sweatingsupportsyourheart.Whensittinginasa

una(桑拿),yourbodytemperaturerises,soyourbodyworksovertimetocoolitselfdownbysweating.____19____A20-yearFinnishst

udyfoundthatpeoplewhosweateditoutregularlyinasaunahadalowerrateofsuddencardiac(心脏的)deaths.•____20____If

yousweatheavilyduringexercise,that’susuallyapositivesign.Athletestendtosweatsoonerandmorethaninactivepeople.The

irbodieshavelearnedtocooldownmoreefficientlyduringphysicalactivity.AstudyconductedbythePublicLibraryofScien

cesupportsthis,showingthatlong-distancerunnersnotonlygotsweatiersooner,butalsoactivatedmoresweatglands(汗腺),resultinginm

oresweatthantheirnon-activecounterparts.A.Andyou’llbebetteroffforit.B.Sweatingalotmeansthatyouarefit.C.Thus,it’sessentialtowashyourfa

ceandbodyaftersweating.D.Sweatisthestuffthatfloodsoutwhenourbodytemperaturerises.E.Sweatingcontributestoadecreaseinblo

odpressuretosomeextent.F.Yoursweatyselfcanalsomakethosearoundyoufeelmoredelightful.G.Thisisanaturalbodilyfunctionthathelpstore

gulatebodytemperatureandpreventoverheating.【答案】16.G17.C18.F19.A20.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章从四个方面解释了为什么出汗有好处。【16题详解】前一句“Sweatingmay

notbeyourfavoritethingtodo,butitisnecessary.(出汗可能不是你最喜欢做的事情，但它是必要的)”提到，出汗是必要的，G项“这是一种自然的身体功能，有助于调节体温，防止过热”是对sweati

ng的一个整体性的介绍性文字，其中的“It”指代前一句中“Sweating”，同时也是对前一句中“necessary”的进一步解释，故选G。【17题详解】根据本段小标题“Sweatingisgoodforyourskin.(出汗对你的皮肤有好处)”和前一句“However,leavingswe

atontheskinfortoolongcancauseskindiseasessuchasacne.(然而，汗液在皮肤上停留太长时间会导致痤疮等皮肤病)”可知，本段讲出汗对皮肤的好处，但是皮肤上停留太长时间会导致痤疮等皮肤病，

由此推知，设空处应与清洗有关，C项“所以，出汗后洗脸和洗澡是很有必要的”符合语境，和前一句构成因果关系，故选C。【18题详解】根据本段小标题“Sweatingmakesyouhappy.(出汗让你快乐)”和空后一句“Ina2015study,peoplewhosmelled“ha

ppysweat”displayedtendenciesassociatedwithhappiness.(在2015年的一项研究中，闻到‘快乐汗水’的人表现出与幸福相关的倾向)”可知，本段主要讲出汗让人感到快乐，闻到“快乐汗水”的人也会快乐

，F项“汗流浃背的自己也会让你周围的人感到更快乐”符合语境，故选F。【19题详解】根据上文“Whensittinginasauna(桑拿),yourbodytemperaturerises,soyourbodyworkso

vertimetocoolitselfdownbysweating.”（当你坐在桑拿浴室里时，你的体温会升高，所以你的身体会超时工作，通过出汗来降温）可知，选项承接上文说明其好处。故A选项“你会感觉更好”切题。故选

A项。【20题详解】根据本段中“Ifyousweatheavilyduringexercise,that’susuallyapositivesign.(如果你在运动中大量出汗，这通常是一个积极的迹象)”可知，本段是讲出汗多是一个积极的迹象，B项“出汗多意味着你很健康”符合语境，B项中

的“alot”和段落中“heavily”、“gotsweatier”、“moresweat”相关，故选B。第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)Duri

ngthefirstweeksofhisretirementfromthefireservice,Maxhadfeltlost.Andthat’swhenPolly,alibrarymanager,helpedhimsignupasa____21____,forRobotC

lubinthelibrary.Maxhadn’tvolunteeredbeforeandhedidn’tknowanythingabout____22____.Heopenedthepackscontainingtherob

ots,nervouslystaringatthemessofparts.Adozenprimary-agechildrengatheredaroundthetable,____23____eagerly.Almostdoublethenumberofadultscrowdedaround

them,watching.Glancingaroundthe____24____atthemanyparentsandcarersaccompanyingtherobotbuilders,Maxknewhehadtofacethis____25____.“O

kay,team,”hestarted____26____,adoptingthetonehe’dusedto____27____hisunitduringhisfirefightingdays.“We’regoingtobuildtheserobotsonestep____28____.”T

hechildrennodded,theirhandsbusywithscrews(螺丝)andplasticlimbs.Maxwanderedfromtabletotable,____29____wordsofencouragement,

andslowlybutsurely,_____30_____theinstructionsinhismind.Anhourpassed,andtheroomwasfilledwiththesoundofchatterandclinkingparts.Asthefinal

minutesofRobotClubtickedaway,Maxstoodbackand_____31_____theroom.Robotsofallshapesandsizesstoodonthetables.Thechildrenwereex

cited,_____32_____theircreationstoanyonewhowouldlook.Astheybegantoleave,manychildrenstoppedtothankMax.Each“thankyou”and

“seeyounextweek”chippedawayatthesenseof_____33_____hehadfeltsinceretiring.Hehadn’tputoutafiretoday,butperhapshehad_____34_____some

thingfarmoreimportant—anew_____35_____forhimself.21.A.volunteerB.writerC.builderD.fireman22.A.booksB.pro

gramsC.childrenD.robots23.A.searchingB.waitingC.readingD.arguing24.A.tableB.neighbourhoodC.teamD.libr

ary25.A.competitionB.consequenceC.challengeD.conflict26.A.calmlyB.coldlyC.casuallyD.weakly27.A.formB.briefC.wa

rnD.scan28.A.atonetimeB.innotimeC.atatimeD.atnotime29.A.processingB.offeringC.exchangingD.understanding30.A.puttingasideB.turningdownC.keepingo

ffD.piecingtogether31.A.surveyedB.cleanedC.decoratedD.left32.A.bringingupB.callingonC.showingoffD.givingaway33.A.freedomB.reliefC.lossD.guilt34.

A.reviewedB.lightedC.assessedD.reserved35.A.versionB.beliefC.approachD.purpose【答案】21.A22.D23.B24.D25.C26.A27.B28.C29.B30.D31.A32

.C33.C34.B35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。从消防部门退休的头几个星期里，马克斯感到很失落，图书馆经理波莉帮助他报名成为图书馆机器人俱乐部的志愿者，在第一次完成志愿活动后，他找到了新的人生目标。【21题详解】考查

名词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，图书馆经理波莉帮助他报名成为图书馆机器人俱乐部的志愿者。A.volunteer志愿者；B.writer作家；C.builder建立者；D.fireman消防员。根据后文“Maxhadn’tvolunteeredbefore(马克斯以前没

有做过志愿者)”可知，他报名成为图书馆机器人俱乐部的志愿者。故选A。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：马克斯以前没有做过志愿者，而且他对机器人一无所知。A.books书籍；B.programs计划；C.c

hildren孩子；D.robots机器人。根据后文“Heopenedthepackscontainingtherobots,nervouslystaringatthemessofparts.(他打开装着机器人的包装，紧张地盯着那堆乱七八糟的零件)”可知，他对机器人一无所知。故选D。【2

3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：十几个小学生围在桌子周围，急切地等着。A.searching搜索；B.waiting等待；C.reading阅读；D.arguing争论。根据前文“Heopenedthepackscontainingtherobots,nervous

lystaringatthemessofparts.(他打开装着机器人的包装，紧张地盯着那堆乱七八糟的零件)”可知，他打开装着机器人的包装，紧张地盯着那堆乱七八糟的零件，是因为十几个小学生正急切地等待着。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：马克斯环顾图书馆，看到许多陪伴机

器人制造者的家长和护工，他知道自己必须面对这个挑战。A.table桌子；B.neighbourhood邻居；C.team团队；D.library图书馆。根据上文“inthelibrary”可知，马克斯环顾图书馆。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词

义辨析。句意：马克斯环顾图书馆，看到许多陪伴机器人制造者的家长和护工，他知道自己必须面对这个挑战。A.competition比赛；B.consequence结果；C.challenge挑战；D.conflict冲突。根据

前文“Heopenedthepackscontainingtherobots,nervouslystaringatthemessofparts.(他打开装着机器人的包装，紧张地盯着那堆乱七八糟的零件)”可知，他紧张地盯着那堆乱七八糟的零件，这说

明他正在面对这个挑战。故选C。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：“好了，队员们，”他平静地开始说，用的是他当消防员时向队员们汇报的语气。A.calmly平静地；B.coldly冷淡地；C.casua

lly随意地；D.weakly虚弱地。根据“adoptingthetonehe’dusedtobriefhisunitduringhisfirefightingdays”可知，完成任务后，他平静地说。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“好了

，队员们，”他平静地开始说，用的是他当消防员时向队员们汇报的语气。A.form形成；B.brief给……指示；向……介绍情况；C.warn警告；D.scan细看，审视。根据下文“duringhisfirefightingdays”可知，用的是他当消防员时向队员们

汇报的语气。故选B项。【28题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们将一步一步地制造这些机器人。A.atonetime曾经；B.innotime立即；C.atatime一次；D.atnotime决不。根据常识得知，制造机器人需要一步一步按照程序完成。故选

C项。29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：马克斯从一张桌子走到另一张桌子，一边说着鼓励的话，一边缓慢而坚定地在脑海中拼凑出指示。A.processing加工；B.offering给予；C.exchanging交换；D.understanding理解。根据“wordsofencoura

gement”可知，此处是指给予鼓励的话。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：马克斯从一张桌子走到另一张桌子，一边说着鼓励的话，一边缓慢而坚定【地在脑海中拼凑出指示。A.puttingaside放一边；B.turningdown拒绝；C

.keepingoff不要踩上；D.piecingtogether拼凑。根据上文“Maxwanderedfromtabletotable,____9____wordsofencouragement,andslowlybutsurely”可知，在脑海中拼凑出指示。故选D。【31题详

解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：机器人俱乐部的最后几分钟一分一秒地过去了，马克斯退后一步，审视着房间。A.surveyed审视；B.cleaned清洁；C.decorated装饰；D.left离开。根据“Maxstoodbac

kand”和后文“Robotsofallshapesandsizesstoodonthetables.(各种形状和大小的机器人站在桌子上)”可知，此处是指退后一步审视着房间。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：孩子们很兴奋，向任何愿意看的人炫耀他们的作品。A.bringingup抚养；

B.callingon拜访；C.showingoff炫耀；D.givingaway泄露。根据“theircreationstoanyonewhowouldlook”可知，此处是指向任何愿意看的人炫耀他们的作品。故选C。【33题详

解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一句“谢谢”和“下周见”都让他退休后的失落感一点点消失。A.freedom自由；B.relief缓解；C.loss失落；D.guilt内疚。根据“hehadfeltsinceretiring”可知，他退休后感到失落。故选C。【34题详

解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他今天没有扑灭一团火，但也许他点燃了更重要的东西——一个新的人生目标。A.reviewed仔细研究，审视；B.lighted（使）照亮，点燃；C.assessed评价，评定；D.reserved预订；保留。根据上文“Hehadn’tputoutafiretoday,

but”可知，与扑灭相对应的是点然。故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他今天没有扑灭一团火，但也许他点燃了更重要的东西——一个新的人生目标。A.version版本；B.belief信仰；C.approach方法；D.purpose目标。根据“Hehadn’t

putoutafiretoday,butperhapshehadlightedsomethingfarmoreimportant”可知，此处是指一个新的人生目标。故选D。第二节(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)阅读

下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。SeeingMathonthePageMathandliteratureareprobablytwoofthesubjectsthatbringstudentsheadaches.Howev

er,scientistswonder____36____thebeautyofmathcanbefoundinliteraryworks.AUKmathematicianSarahHart,whopresentssomeinterestingthoughtsabout“three

”inherbook,____37____(argue)thatthebeautyofthisnumberisindeedevidentinmanyworksofwesternliteratureandlanguages.“Three”isthe

minimumnumberwith____38____atwo-dimensionalshapecanbedefined.Forexample,threestickscancreate____39____triangle

,astablestructure.Manycommonphrasesareinthreewords,suchas“ready,set,go”.Somenurseryrhymeshaveaword____40____(repeat)

threetimes,suchas“row,row,rowyourboat”.Instories,thereareusuallythreemaincharactersandforaseriesof____41__

__(novel),thereareusuallythreebooksratherthanfour.Whyisitalwaysthethirdsonwhobehavesdifferentlyfromhistwoolderbrothers,thus____42____(win)thep

rincess?Hartexplainsthatobviouslywerequiretworepetitionstogettoknowthepattern,sothatthebreakingofthepatterninthethirdcharactercansurpriseoramuseus.__

__43____(similar),anotherstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofVermontalsoconnectedmathandstorytelling.Theyanalyzedmorethan1,300fictionboo

ksandarrangedfor10,000wordsfromthebookstoberatedby50participantsonahappinessscaleof1to9.Thentheratings____44____(categorize)intodiffere

ntgraphs,whichshowedhowthereaders’emotionschangedwhilereading.Itturnedoutthateachstoryfitperfectlyin

tooneofsixbasicgraphs,amathematicalpattern.“Theideathatonewouldhavetochoosebetweenmathematicsandliteratureissomething_____45_____atragedy,”Hartsays,“

Thetwofieldsarefundamentallylinked”.【答案】36.whether##if37.argues38.which39.a40.repeated41.novels42.winning43.Similarly44.werecategor

ized45.of【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了数学家将数学和文学结合起来，在文学作品中发现数学之美。【36题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：然而，科学家想知道数学的美是否能在文学作品中找到。及物动词wonder后用

连词引导宾语从句，根据前文“Mathandliteratureareprobablytwoofthesubjectsthatbringstudentsheadaches.(数学和文学可能是让学生头疼的两门学科。)”以及下文的讲述可知，科学家想要看看是否在在文学作品中可以找到数学的美，故填whet

her/if。【37题详解】考查动词时态。句意：英国数学家莎拉•哈特在一本书中呈现了一些关于“三”的有趣想法，她认为，在西方文学和语言的许多作品中，这个数字的美确实很明显。who引导的定语从句。空格处应是此句的谓语动词，根据上下文参考时态可用一般现在时第三人称

单数，故填argues。【38题详解】考查定语从句。句意：3是定义二维形状的最小点数。句子有两个谓语动词is和canbedefined，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词number，短语define…with…意为“用……定义……

”，关系代词代替先行词number在从句中作介词with的宾语，故填which。【39题详解】考查冠词。句意：例如，三根棍子可以形成一个三角形，一个稳定的结构。triangle作可数名词，意为“三角形”，不定冠词a表示泛指意义。

故填a。【40题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一些童谣有一个词重复三次，如“划，划，划你的船”。过去分词repeated作定语修饰aword表示被动，相当于定语从句whichisrepeated。故填repeated。【41题详解】考查名词。句意：在故事中，通常有三个主要人物，而且在小说系列中，通常

有三本而不是四本。短语aseriesof修饰复数名词，意为“一系列的”。故填novels。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为什么总是第三个儿子表现不同于他的两个哥哥，从而赢得了公主的芳心?句子的谓语动词是is，win用非谓语动词形式作结果状语，前加副词thus表示自然而然的结果，现在分词

与逻辑主语thethirdson构成主动关系，故填winning。【43题详解】考查副词。句意：同样，佛蒙特大学的研究人员进行的另一项研究也将数学和讲故事联系起来。副词similarly作评注性状语，对整个句子进行评价，意为“同样地”，位于句首的词首字母要大写。故填Similarly。【44

题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：然后，这些评分被分类成不同的图表，这些图表显示了读者在阅读时情绪的变化。categorize作谓语，与主语ratings“评级，等级”是被动关系，根据上下文语境，此处讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，且

主语是复数，故填werecategorized。【45题详解】考查介词。句意：“人们必须在数学和文学之间做出选择的想法是一种悲剧，”哈特说，“这两个领域从根本上是联系在一起的。”短语somethingof意为“在

某种程度上；有点”。故填of。第三节(共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分)阅读下列句子，在空白处填入适当的单词(1个单词)或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。46.ZhengHeisrememberedasoneofChina’smost________(influe

nce)explorers.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】influential【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：郑和被誉为中国最有影响力的探险家之一。分析句子结构，根据oneof及most可知设空处考查形容词的最高级，应填形容词。故填influe

ntial。47.Thesurpriseattackcame________agreatshocktothewholenation.(用适当的词填空)【答案】as【解析】【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：这次突然袭击给整个国家带来了巨大的震惊。comeas固定搭配，意为“以…

…身份来到这里，作为……的结果”，故填as。48.Today,theUSSArizonalies____________itsank:inthemiddleofthePacificOcean.(用适当的词填空)【答案】where【解析】【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：今天

，亚利桑那号战列舰就躺在它沉没的地方：太平洋中部。根据“inthemiddleofthePacificOcean”可知，在地点状语从句中缺少地点状语，所以应用where表示“哪里”。故填where。49.Ihavethebelief_________someofyou

heardaboutUNESCOheritagesitesormaybeevenvisitedone.(用适当的词填空)【答案】that【解析】【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我相信你们中的一些人听说过联合国教科文组织目录中的文化遗址，或者甚至参观过一个。分

析可知，空白及之后的内容对名词belief解释说明，所以为同位语从句。从句句意完整，成分齐全，所以此处用从属连词that来连接。故填that。50.Ifyourheartbreakslike________(I)atthethoughtofourirreplaceableherit

agebeinglostforever,pleasetakeaction.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】mine【解析】【详解】考查代词。句意：如果一想到我们不可替代的遗产将永远失去，你的心就像我的心一样破碎，请采取行动。根据“yourheartbreakslike”可知，句中要表达“你的心和

我的心一样破碎”，故空处应填名词性物主代词mine“我的”作宾语。故填mine。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节应用文写作(满分15分)51.假定你是学生会主席李华，暑期学生会将组织“丝绸之路”沿线国家考察活动。你校的英国交换生David想报名参加，写信向你询问相关情况，请你

用英文给他回复，内容包括:1.活动时间;2.具体安排;3.报名方式。注意:1.词数80左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearDavid,__________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearDavid,Knowingthatyou’reinterestedinparticipatinginour

summerexplorationactivityalongtheSilkRoadIammorethanhappytoprovideyouwiththerelevantinformation.Firstl

y,theactivityisscheduledtotakeplacefromJuly15thtoJuly25th.WewillvisitseveralcountriesalongtheSilkRoad,includingKazakhstanandTurkey.The10-day

tourincludesculturalheritagesites,historicallandmarks,andlocalexperiences.Toregisterfortheactivity,youneedtofillouttheapplicationfor

m,whichcanbeobtainedfromtheStudentCouncil.ThecompletedformshouldbesubmittedalongwithaphotocopyofyourpassportbyJune2

0th.Ifyouhaveanyotherquestions,youcancontacttheStudentUnioneitherbyemailortelephone.Yours,LiHua,【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。暑期学生会将组织“丝绸之路”沿线国家考察活动

。考生所在校的英国交换生David想报名参加，写信向你询问相关情况，请你用英文给他回复。【详解】1.词汇积累参加：takepartin→participatein快乐的：happy→pleased提供：provide→offer获得：obtain→gain2

.句式拓展合并句子原句：Firstly,theactivityisscheduledtotakeplacefromJuly15thtoJuly25th.WewillvisitseveralcountriesalongtheSi

lkRoad,includingKazakhstanandTurkey.拓展句：Firstly,theactivityisscheduledtotakeplacefromJuly15thtoJuly25th,whenwewil

lvisitseveralcountriesalongtheSilkRoad,includingKazakhstanandTurkey.【点睛】【高分句型1】Toregisterfortheactivity,youneedtofillouttheapplicationform,whi

chcanbeobtainedfromtheStudentCouncil.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】Knowingthatyou’reinterestedinparticipatinginours

ummerexplorationactivityalongtheSilkRoad,Iammorethanhappytoprovideyouwiththerelevantinformation.（运用了现在分词作状语）第二节读后续写(满分25分)52.阅读

下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Onaflight,aneight-year-oldboynamedLouiswasexcitedlyreadinghisfavoritestorybookloudly,mu

chtotheannoyanceofafellowpassengernamedTylersittingnexttohim.Edward,theboy’sfather,hadbroughtthebook,hopingtoreadittohissonhimself,butLouisins

istedonreadingitaloudonhisown.Tyler,whowastryingtohavearest,becamealittlebitangryatthenoise.“Hey,sir.Couldyoupleasetellyourso

ntokeephisvoicedown?I’mtryingtosleepforamoment,”hecomplainedtoEdward.AlthoughthefatherpolitelyaskedLouistorea

dinalowvoice,theyoungboywastooexcitedlyabsorbedinthestorybooktonoticehisdisturbancetoothers.Hisnoisyreadingdisturb

ednotonlyTylerbutalsoafewotherpassengersnearby.Tyler`sangerincreasedasheloudlyadmonished(责备)Louis`lackofmannersandconsideration.Todeal

withthematter,hecalledtheflightattendant.Whenshearrived,Tylercompletelylosthiscool,admonishingbothLouisandEdward.“Haveyouheardthisboy?He’sbeenyel

lingoutthewholetime!Andyou’restilltryingtodefendhisrudebehavior!Achildofhisageshouldunderstandthatheiscausingseriousdisturbanceandneedstoshow

somerespectforothers!”Intheheatedscene,theflightattendanttriedtocalmTylerdown.However,Tylerwasabittoodisturbedtocalmhimselfd

own.Edwardcontinuouslyapologizedwhileattemptingtoexplainthesituation.“Excuseme,sir.IadmitwhatLouisdidwaswrong,buthemeantnoharm.He’ssimplyoverjoyed

atbeingabletoreadagainafteryearsofdifficulties…”Edward’seyeswelledupandhewasintearsbeforeherealizedit.Heexplainedtothepeoplear

oundthemthatitwasthefirsttimeinthreeyearsthatLouiswasabletoseetheworldaroundhimandcouldreadhisfavoritebook,onehismotherwhodiedthreeyearsagousedto

readtohimasababy.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Thenherevealedtheheartbreakingstory.__________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________________Atthispoint,Tylerandeveryoneelseonth

eflightfellsilent._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Paragr

aph1:Thenherevealedtheheartbreakingstory.Threeyearsago,Edward’swifediedinacaraccidentbutfortunately,Louissurvived,withhiseyesinjured.Theyearsthatf

ollowedwereagreatstruggle—thepainoflosingalovedoneandthefinancialhardships.Louishadtoexperiencemultipleoperationsandtreatmentsi

nalongjourneytoregainhisvision.Justdaysbeforethisflight,thelatestprocedurehadfinallyallowedLouistoseeagai

nlikeanormalchild.Butheneededtoundergoanotheroperationtoensurehiseyeswerefullyrecovered.Hearinghisfather’swordsandrealizingt

hedisturbancecausedtoothers,Louiswasenvelopedbyastrongfeelingofembarrassmentandguilt.“I’mterriblysorry!”he

apologizedinalowvoice,hiseyesmoistandhisheadlowered.Paragraph2:Atthispoint,Tylerandeveryoneelseontheflightfellsilent.Itseemedthatmutual

understandingandrespectbegantotakerootineveryone’sheart.Tylerwasshockedandhisannoyancefinallygavewaytodeepregret.HeturnedtoE

dwardandLouis,expressinghisapologysincerely,“I’msosorryforbeinginabadtemperearlier.IshouldhavebeenmorepatientwithLouis.”Luckilyenough,oneoft

hepassengerswhohappenedtobeaveryrenownedeyedoctor,offeredtohelpthelittleboywiththerestofthesurgery.Thankfully,the

operationwentsuccessfully,andLouis’seyeswerecompletelyfine.【解析】【导语】本文以故事发展为线索展开。讲述了一个父亲带着孩子坐飞机，孩子过度沉醉于阅读故事书，不禁大声读着。父亲虽然觉得这干扰他人，但是制止不了孩子的

沉醉。后来，有乘客要休息，忍不住抱怨起来。孩子父亲急忙道歉，并解释孩子并不是故意的，而是因为视力才恢复到能自己读书，所以过度开心。后来乘客们得知，三年前孩子因车祸眼睛受伤无法在阅读，而他的母亲因车祸去世。这几年父亲一直带着孩子

四处求医，才终于能亲自看母亲以前常给他读的书。听闻了故事，乘客们都很感动，也对他们自己之前的抱怨对此感到愧疚。幸运地是，乘客中有一位眼科专家，在他的帮助下，孩子的眼睛完全好转了。【详解】1.段落续写：①.由第一段首句内容“然后他透露了这个令人心碎的故事。”可知，第一段可描写孩子父亲向乘

客讲述孩子眼睛出现意外的故事，以及乘客们听闻后的反应。②.由第二段首句内容“这时，泰勒和飞机上的其他人都沉默了。”可知，第二段可描写乘客们的回应，以及孩子眼睛手术的后续发展，直到孩子眼睛视力恢复。2.续写线索：乘坐飞机——孩子大声读故事书——乘客抱怨——父

亲道歉，说明原因——乘客内疚——孩子视力通过手术恢复3.词汇激活行为类①.经历：experience/undergo②.道歉：apologize/expressone’sapology情绪类①.懊悔：regret/bes

orry②.生气：annoyance/badtemper【点睛】[高分句型1].Hearinghisfather’swordsandrealizingthedisturbancecausedtoothers,Louiswasenvelopedbyastrongfeeli

ngofembarrassmentandguilt.（由现在分词hearing短语作原因状语）[高分句型2].Luckilyenough,oneofthepassengerswhohappenedtobeaveryrenowne

deyedoctor,offeredtohelpthelittleboywiththerestofthesurgery.（由关系代词who引导限制性定语从句）听力答案：1-5ACBBA6-10CCBBC11-15AAABC16-20AACBB