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练习42语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作授课提示：对应学生用书105页Ⅰ.语法填空2024·陕西西安调研说明文195词★★★★☆Aspecialeventtitled“TeaforHarmony—YajiCulturalSalonofJiangsu”washe

ldlastweekbytheChinaCulturalCenterinParis,withthe1.________(intend)ofgivingteaagreaterroleinenhancingfriendlydialogue.The

carefully2.________(select)representativeintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)fromEastChina'sJiangsuProvincepresente

ditsrichteaculture3.________(thorough).Yaji,whichtranslatesas“anelegantgathering”，remindspeopleof4.______

__ancienttypeofsocialeventinChina5.________scholarsandtheliterati(文人)gatheredtoinvolveinavarietyofrefinedculturalactivitie

ssuchasteatasting,guqinplaying,andpoetrycompositionandrecitals.ThePariseventfeaturingactivitiesincludingteatas

ting,demonstrationsoftea­makingtechniquesandteaartandmusicalperformances6.________(speak)highlyofbyaudiences.Throughtheactivities,itprovideda

n7.________(extend)descriptionoflocallifestylesassociatedwithtea.8．________caughtpeople'seyewasauniqu

eexhibitionpresentedinapanoramic(全景)way9.________(use)virtual3Dmodelingtechnology.Withfancysilk,jewelry,musicalins

truments,costumesforPekingOperaandKunquOpera,aswellastoolsforspecialoccasions10.________exhibit,thevirtuals

howrecreatedtraditionallifestylesandhomeenvironmentsfromJiangsu.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。巴黎中国文化中心举办了一场名为“茶和天下·苏韵雅集”的活动，通过展览和表演等形式，全面介绍了江苏茶文化。1．答案与解析：int

ention上周，巴黎中国文化中心举办了一场名为“茶和天下·苏韵雅集”的特别活动，意在让茶在加强友好对话中发挥更大的作用。根据空前的withthe和空后的of可知，空处应用名词。intention“打算，计划，意图，目的”。

2．答案与解析：selected精心挑选的来自中国东部江苏省的代表性非物质文化遗产全面展示了其丰富的茶文化。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作前置定语，select“挑选”与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词

形式。3．答案与解析：thoroughly空处修饰动词presented，应用所给词的副词形式。thoroughly“完全地，全面地”。4．答案与解析：an雅集，译为“高雅的聚会”，让人们想起中国一种古老的社交活

动，学者和文人聚集在一起，参与各种高雅的文化活动，如品茶、古琴演奏、诗歌创作和朗诵。此处表泛指，又ancient的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。5．答案与解析：where分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示抽象地点的socialevent，空处

在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。6．答案与解析：wasspoken句中没有谓语动词，故空处作谓语。句子主语为TheParisevent，表示单数，与speak之间是被动关系，又文中描述该活动时用到的时态是一般过去时，故填wasspoken。speakh

ighlyof“高度赞扬，对……大加称赞”。7．答案与解析：extensive根据空前的an和空后的description可知，空处应用形容词作定语。8．答案与解析：What吸引人们眼球的是使用虚拟3D建模技术以全景方式呈现的独特展览。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且

在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，故填What。9．答案与解析：using空处应用非谓语动词作方式状语，use与其逻辑主语auniqueexhibition之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。10．答案与解析：on此处为“with＋sth.＋介词短语”结

构。onexhibit“在展示中”为固定搭配。Ⅱ.阅读理解A2024·石家庄市质检说明文286词★★★☆☆TheNobelPrizehasbeenawardedto60womenbetween1901and2022.Thesewomenhavemadeoutstan

dingcontributionstotheworldsofmedicine,science,literatureandsoon.Herearefourofthem.DorothyCrowfootHodgkinAward:NobelPrizeinChemistryYear:1964Do

rothyHodgkinwasaBritishchemistwhoseinterestinresearchbeganwhen,asachild,shereceivedachemistrybookcontainingexperimentswithcrystals

(晶体).ShestudiedatOxfordUniversityanddevelopedproteincrystallography,whichadvancedthedevelopmentofX­rays.ThisearnedhertheNobel

Prize.GertrudeB.ElionAward:NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineYear:1988GertrudeElionwontheNobelPrizeforherdiscoveriesofimpor

tantprinciplesfordrugtreatment.Elionhadwatchedhergrandfatherdieofcancer,soshedecidedtofightthediseasethroughouther

life.Elion,togetherwithGeorgeHitchings,withwhomshesharedtheaward,createdasystemfordrugproductionthatreliesheavilyonbiochem

istry.ToniMorrisonAward:NobelPrizeinLiteratureYear:1993ToniMorrison,whosebook“Beloved”earnedherthePulitzerPriz

eandtheAmericanBookAward,wasthefirstBlackwomantoeverreceivetheNobelPrizeinLiterature.BorninOhio,Morrisonwasawriterwhoseworksaremost

lyaboutlifeintheBlackcommunity.ShetaughtwritingandservedasanhonoraryprofessoratPrincetonUniversity.EstherDufloAward:NobelPrizeinEconomicsYe

ar:2019EstherDuflosharedherprizewithherresearchcolleaguesMichaelKremerandAbhijitBanerjee.whoisherhus

band.DuflohasspentmuchofhercareerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,wheresheearnedherdoctoratedegreei

n1999.DufloandherpartnerswereawardedtheNobelPrizefortheirapproachtofightingpovertyaroundtheworld.1．WhatwonDorothyCrow

footHodgkintheNobelPrize?A．Herbookaboutcrystals.B．HercontributiontoX­raydevelopment.C．Herresearchonmedicine.D．Herdiscoveryofanewproteincrystal.

答案与解析：B理解具体信息。根据DorothyCrowfootHodgkin部分的“ShestudiedatOxfordUniversityanddevelopedproteincrystallography...ThisearnedhertheNobelPrize”可知，Doroth

yCrowfootHodgkin对X射线的发展的贡献为她赢得了诺贝尔奖。故选B项。2．WhatdoToniMorrison'sbooksmainlyfocuson?A.Educationalissues.B．Communityservice.C．Writin

gtechniques.D．BlackAmerican'slife.答案与解析：D理解具体信息。根据ToniMorrison部分的“whoseworksaremostlyaboutlifeintheBlackcommunity”可知，ToniMorrison的作品主要是关于黑人社区的生活。由

此可知，ToniMorrison的书主要讲美国黑人生活。故选D项。3．WhatdoGertrudeB.ElionandEstherDuflohaveincommon?A．TheywontheNobelPrizeinth

esameyear.B．Theydevotedthemselvestofightingdiseases.C．TheysharedtheNobelPrizewithothers.D．Theirlifeexperiences

committedthemtotheirfields.答案与解析：C理解具体信息。根据GertrudeB．Elion部分的“soshedecidedtofightthedisease...withwhomsheshar

edtheaward”和EstherDuflo部分的“EstherDuflosharedherprizewithherresearchcolleaguesMichaelKremerandAbhijitBanerjee,whoisherhusb

and”可知，GertrudeB．Elion和EstherDuflo的相似之处是她们和其他人一起获得了诺贝尔奖。故选C项。B2023·新课标Ⅰ卷说明文320词★★☆☆☆OnMarch7，1907,theEngl

ishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimation

heconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thi

seffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometou

nderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomak

ethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeinde

pendent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJo

aquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrow

dswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberof

independentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageob

tainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow­upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhat

thegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didthe

yfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreport

edthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNava

jashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision­makingareenormous.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立评估的平均值可能是相当准确的。4．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofest

imation.B．Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D．ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.答案与解析：

B主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,

andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandt

endtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindepe

ndent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些

错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，有些会低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生一个更准确的评估。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的评估是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依

赖，评估的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的评估，讨论了独立评估的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧

”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。5．Navajas'studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________．A．thecrowdswererelativelysmallB．therewereoccasionalun

derestimatesC．individualsdidnotcommunicateD．estimateswerenotfullyindependent答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第二段的“Inmoretechnical

terms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.(用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的评估是独立的)”和第三段的“Thekeyfi

ndingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfrom

thesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussi

ongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.(这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均

值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的评估中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在评估数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。

6．Whatdidthefollow­upstudyfocuson?A．Thesizeofthegroups.B．Thedominantmembers.C．Thediscussionprocess.D．Theindividu

alestimates.答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据第四段的“Inafollow­upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatt

hegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Di

dtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?(在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的评估最有信心的人？他们是否追随那些最不愿

意改变主意的人呢)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。7．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetow

ardNavajas'studies?A.Unclear.B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful.D．Approving.答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Althoughthestudies

ledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision

­makingareenormous.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策性的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策性的潜在影响

巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。Ⅲ.应用文写作[2024·福建省高三练习卷]近日，你校英语报拟介绍学生参与社团的情况。请你结合图表信息，以“OurSchoolClubs”为题写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包

括：1．参与社团的情况；2．你的看法。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。OurSchoolClubs____________________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：OurSchoolClubsAimingtoenrichstudents'after­classlife,ourschoolpr

ovidesvariousclubsforusstudents.AroundhalfofthestudentspreferChineseCalligraphyandPaintingClubwhileonefo

urthofthemsignupforthePing­pongClub.ThenumberofstudentsjoiningtheErhuClubandotherclubsaccountsfor10%and17%respectively.Webenef

italotfromourschoolclubs.Foronething,therearemanydifferentkindsofclubssothatwecanchoosewhateverweareinterestedin.Foranother,attendingtheseclub

soffersusgoodopportunitiestoimproveourall­roundabilities.