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练习42语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作Ⅰ.语法填空2023·陕西西安调研说明文188词★★★☆☆Woodcarvingisabranchofcarving.ItisoneofthetraditionalChineseartformswithatime­

honoredhistory.ItoriginatedintheNeolithicperiod,andthe1.________(begin)ofwoodcarvingaccompaniedpeople'severyda

ylifedemands.Later,whenpeoplehad2.________abilitytousetheirimaginationtoexpressideas,itbecameakindofart.Theearliestexistingwoodcarving3._

_______(dig)outinthe1980sinHubeiProvince,whichisbelieved4.________(have)ahistoryofovertwothousandyears.Generally,Chinesewoodcarv

inginancienttimes5.________(consist)ofthreemajorcategories:architecturecarving,furniturecarvingandartworkcarving.Woodcarvings

ervespracticalpurposesandatthesametimeis6.________decorativevalue.Chairs,tables,shelves,animals,flowersandhumanfigures7

.________(carve)outofwoodarecommonexamplesofthisformofart.InapoembyHanYu,8.________wasanoutstandingpoetofth

eTangDynasty,hedescribedawood­carvedfigurevividly.Chinesewoodcarvingisappreciatedworldwideforits9.____

____(true)detailedstructuresandthebeautyofitsthemes.Today,many10.________(impress)woodcarvingscanbeseeni

nprivategalleriesandalsoinresidentialareasonbothsidesoftheYangtzeRiver.Ⅱ.阅读理解A2023·石家庄市质检说明文286词★★★☆☆TheNobelPrizehasbeenawardedto60women

between1901and2022.Thesewomenhavemadeoutstandingcontributionstotheworldsofmedicine,science,literatureandsoon.Herearefourofthem.DorothyC

rowfootHodgkinAward:NobelPrizeinChemistryYear:1964DorothyHodgkinwasaBritishchemistwhoseinterestinresearchbeganwhen,asachild

,shereceivedachemistrybookcontainingexperimentswithcrystals(晶体).ShestudiedatOxfordUniversityanddevelopedprot

eincrystallography,whichadvancedthedevelopmentofX­rays.ThisearnedhertheNobelPrize.GertrudeB.ElionAward:NobelPrizeinPhysiology

orMedicineYear:1988GertrudeElionwontheNobelPrizeforherdiscoveriesofimportantprinciplesfordrugtreatment.Elionhadwatchedhergrandfat

herdieofcancer,soshedecidedtofightthediseasethroughoutherlife.Elion,togetherwithGeorgeHitchings,with

whomshesharedtheaward,createdasystemfordrugproductionthatreliesheavilyonbiochemistry.ToniMorrisonAward:NobelPrizeinLiteratureYear:1993Toni

Morrison,whosebook“Beloved”earnedherthePulitzerPrizeandtheAmericanBookAward,wasthefirstBlackwomantoeverreceivetheNobelPrizei

nLiterature.BorninOhio,MorrisonwasawriterwhoseworksaremostlyaboutlifeintheBlackcommunity.Shetaughtwritingandservedasanhonorar

yprofessoratPrincetonUniversity.EstherDufloAward:NobelPrizeinEconomicsYear:2019EstherDuflosharedherprizewithherresearchcolleaguesMichaelKrem

erandAbhijitBanerjee.whoisherhusband.DuflohasspentmuchofhercareerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,

wheresheearnedherdoctoratedegreein1999.DufloandherpartnerswereawardedtheNobelPrizefortheirapproachtofightingpovertyaround

theworld.1．WhatwonDorothyCrowfootHodgkintheNobelPrize?A．Herbookaboutcrystals.B．HercontributiontoX­raydevelopme

nt.C．Herresearchonmedicine.D．Herdiscoveryofanewproteincrystal.2．WhatdoToniMorrison'sbooksmainlyfocuson?A.Educ

ationalissues.B．Communityservice.C．Writingtechniques.D．BlackAmerican'slife.3．WhatdoGertrudeB.ElionandEstherDuflohaveinco

mmon?A．TheywontheNobelPrizeinthesameyear.B．Theydevotedthemselvestofightingdiseases.C．TheysharedtheNobelPrizewithothers.D．Theirlife

experiencescommittedthemtotheirfields.B2023·新课标Ⅰ卷说明文320词★★☆☆☆OnMarch7，1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGalt

onpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationhe

conductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplema

keerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtog

ether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheire

rrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Iff

orwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninter

estingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallo

wedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,

theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20in

dependentindividuals.Inafollow­upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidinthe

irdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thisha

ppenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Someho

w,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestio

nsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision­makingareenormous.4．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofestimation.B．T

heunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D．ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.5．Navajas'studyfoundth

attheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________．A．thecrowdswererelativelysmallB．therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC．individualsd

idnotcommunicateD．estimateswerenotfullyindependent6．Whatdidthefollow­upstudyfocuson?A．Thesizeofthegro

ups.B．Thedominantmembers.C．Thediscussionprocess.D．Theindividualestimates.7．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas'studies?A.Unc

lear.B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful.D．Approving.Ⅲ.应用文写作[2023·福建省高三练习卷]近日，你校英语报拟介绍学生参与社团的情况。请你结合图表信息，以“OurSchoolClubs”为题写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括：1．参与社团的

情况；2．你的看法。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式作答。OurSchoolClubs____________________________________________________________________________

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