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练习42语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作Ⅰ.语法填空2023·陕西西安调研说明文188词★★★☆☆Woodcarvingisabranchofcarving.ItisoneofthetraditionalChi

neseartformswithatime­honoredhistory.ItoriginatedintheNeolithicperiod,andthe1.________(begin)ofwoodcarvingaccompaniedpeople'severydaylifed

emands.Later,whenpeoplehad2.________abilitytousetheirimaginationtoexpressideas,itbecameakindofart.Theearliestexistingwoodcarving3._____

___(dig)outinthe1980sinHubeiProvince,whichisbelieved4.________(have)ahistoryofovertwothousandyears.Genera

lly,Chinesewoodcarvinginancienttimes5.________(consist)ofthreemajorcategories:architecturecarving,furn

iturecarvingandartworkcarving.Woodcarvingservespracticalpurposesandatthesametimeis6.________decorativevalue.Chairs,tables,shelves,anim

als,flowersandhumanfigures7.________(carve)outofwoodarecommonexamplesofthisformofart.InapoembyHanYu,8.________wasanoutstandingpoetoftheTangDyna

sty,hedescribedawood­carvedfigurevividly.Chinesewoodcarvingisappreciatedworldwideforits9.________(true)detailedstru

cturesandthebeautyofitsthemes.Today,many10.________(impress)woodcarvingscanbeseeninprivategalleriesandalsoinresidentialareasonb

othsidesoftheYangtzeRiver.Ⅱ.阅读理解A2023·石家庄市质检说明文286词★★★☆☆TheNobelPrizehasbeenawardedto60womenbetween1901and2022.Th

esewomenhavemadeoutstandingcontributionstotheworldsofmedicine,science,literatureandsoon.Herearefourofthem.DorothyCrowfootHodgkinAward:Nob

elPrizeinChemistryYear:1964DorothyHodgkinwasaBritishchemistwhoseinterestinresearchbeganwhen,asachild,shereceivedachemistrybookcontainingexperime

ntswithcrystals(晶体).ShestudiedatOxfordUniversityanddevelopedproteincrystallography,whichadvancedthedevelopmentofX­rays.Thisea

rnedhertheNobelPrize.GertrudeB.ElionAward:NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineYear:1988GertrudeElionwontheNobelPrizeforherdiscoveriesofimporta

ntprinciplesfordrugtreatment.Elionhadwatchedhergrandfatherdieofcancer,soshedecidedtofightthediseasethroughoutherlife.Elion

,togetherwithGeorgeHitchings,withwhomshesharedtheaward,createdasystemfordrugproductionthatreliesheavilyonbiochemistry.ToniMorrisonAward:No

belPrizeinLiteratureYear:1993ToniMorrison,whosebook“Beloved”earnedherthePulitzerPrizeandtheAmericanBookAward,wasthef

irstBlackwomantoeverreceivetheNobelPrizeinLiterature.BorninOhio,MorrisonwasawriterwhoseworksaremostlyaboutlifeintheBlackcommunity.Shetaugh

twritingandservedasanhonoraryprofessoratPrincetonUniversity.EstherDufloAward:NobelPrizeinEconomicsYear:2019EstherDuflosharedherprizewithherresearch

colleaguesMichaelKremerandAbhijitBanerjee.whoisherhusband.DuflohasspentmuchofhercareerattheMassachusettsInsti

tuteofTechnology,wheresheearnedherdoctoratedegreein1999.DufloandherpartnerswereawardedtheNobelPrizefortheirapproachtofightingpover

tyaroundtheworld.1．WhatwonDorothyCrowfootHodgkintheNobelPrize?A．Herbookaboutcrystals.B．HercontributiontoX­raydevelopment.C．Herresearchonmedicine

.D．Herdiscoveryofanewproteincrystal.2．WhatdoToniMorrison'sbooksmainlyfocuson?A.Educationalissues.B．Communi

tyservice.C．Writingtechniques.D．BlackAmerican'slife.3．WhatdoGertrudeB.ElionandEstherDuflohaveincommon?A．TheywontheNobelPr

izeinthesameyear.B．Theydevotedthemselvestofightingdiseases.C．TheysharedtheNobelPrizewithothers.D．Theirlifeexperiencescom

mittedthemtotheirfields.B2023·新课标Ⅰ卷说明文320词★★☆☆☆OnMarch7，1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpubli

shedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofala

rgenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseer

rorsaren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerror

sareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomake

thesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverre

asons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJo

aquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurt

herdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthose

fromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewa

ssignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow­upstudywith100universitystude

nts,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowi

ththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butit

wasn'tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,t

heseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmany

questionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision­makingareenormous.4．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofe

stimation.B．Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D．ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.5．Navajas'st

udyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________．A．thecrowdswererelativelysmallB．therewereoccasionalu

nderestimatesC．individualsdidnotcommunicateD．estimateswerenotfullyindependent6．Whatdidthefollow­upstudyfocuson?A．Thesizeoft

hegroups.B．Thedominantmembers.C．Thediscussionprocess.D．Theindividualestimates.7．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas

'studies?A.Unclear.B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful.D．Approving.Ⅲ.应用文写作[2023·福建省高三练习卷]近日，你校英语报拟介绍学生参与社团的情况。请你结合图表信息，以“O

urSchoolClubs”为题写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括：1．参与社团的情况；2．你的看法。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式作答。OurSchoolClubs____________________________

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