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第五节代词和介词(短语)考向分析热考点高考语法填空侧重考查it及人称代词，含有介词的固定短语和动词短语。短文改错集中在人称代词的人称、数和性别的一致性，固定短语的介词。新考向2019全国Ⅰ及全国Ⅲ考查了代词的用法及固定短语中介词的用法。题型一关于代词和介词(短语)的语法填空1．Ne

rvouslyfacingchallenges，IknowIwillwhisperto(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”．(2019·北京)答案myself解析考查代词。句意为：焦虑不安地面临挑战时，我知道我将轻声对自己说：“做你自己。”此处whis

perto这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。2．Astudyshowsthestudentswhoareengagedinafter­schoolactivitiesareha

ppierthan(that)whoarenot.(2019·天津)答案those解析考查代词。句意为：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词对应thestudents，是复数，故填those

。3．Runningischeap，easyandit’salwaysenergetic.Ifyouaretimepoor，youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefits

asothersports，soperhapsweshouldallgiveatry.(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案running/it解析考查名词或代词。此处号召我们尝试一下这种运动，因此可以填名词run

ning，也可以用it指代。givesth.atry尝试一下某事。4．Whenthegorillas(大猩猩)andIfrightenedeachother，Iwasjustgladtofind(they)alive.(

2018·全国Ⅲ)答案them解析考查代词之人称代词。分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作find的宾语，故要用人称代词的宾格。they的宾格为them。5．ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesonce

theyrealizehowcheapcanbetoeatout.(2018·浙江)答案it解析考查it的用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是itcanbecheaptoeatout.其中不定式toeatout是真正的主

语，it是形式主语。故填it。6．However，therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths，morethan25,000peoplewereusingeveryday.(2

017·全国Ⅱ)答案it解析考查代词。use是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处明显缺少代词。分析句意可知，这里用it指代前句的therailway，故填it。7．Pahlssonscreamedsoloudlythatherdaughter

camerunningfromthehouse.“shethoughtIhadhurt(I)，”saysPahlsson.(2017·浙江)答案myself解析考查反身代词。根据语境可知，hurt这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用I的反身代词形式，意为

“她认为我伤了我自己”，故填myself。1．人称代词数人称主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词单数一Imemyminemyself二youyouyouryoursyourself三hehimh

ishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数一weusouroursourselves二youyouyouryoursyourselves三theythemtheirtheirsthems

elves2．不定代词含义指代都任何一个都不两者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynone3．one，another，theother，some，others，theothers的区别一个/一些另外一

个/一些剩余的一个/一些单数oneanothertheother复数someotherstheothers单数onebookanotherbooktheotherbook复数somebooksotherbookstheotherb

ooks4．that，those的用法①that指代上文提到的单数名词或不可数名词(＝the＋单数名词/不可数名词，与前面的名词不是同一个，即同名不同物)。Thestoryismoreinterestingthanthat(thestory)youreadafewdaysago.

②those指代上文提到的复数名词(＝the＋复数名词，同名不同物的复数)。ThecomputersmadeinChinaareasgoodasthose(thecomputers)madeintheUSA.1．Modernmetho

dstrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid­1980s，andareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案of/for解析考

查介词。此处trackingpolarbearpopulations作Modernmethods的定语，用of连接，methodsofdoingsth.意为“……的方法”。或者意为“用于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for

。2．Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapackdogs，seventobeexact.(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案of解析考查介词。apackof意为“一群……”，为固定搭配。故填of。3．Firstcelebrated1970，theDaynowin

cludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地区)．(2019·北京)答案in解析考查介词。句意为：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。4．Theanswerthisquestionis

notclear.(2019·浙江)答案to解析考查介词。句意为：这个问题的答案不清楚。theanswerto...……的答案，为固定搭配。故填to。5．Favorablepoliciesareeffecttoencourageemployees’pr

ofessionaldevelopment.(2019·江苏)答案in解析考查介词短语。句意为：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。ineffect实际上，为固定搭配，故填in。6．Cornusesles

swaterriceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.(2018·全国Ⅱ)答案than解析由句中的比较级less可知，此处将玉米和水稻进行比较，故填than。7．Iwasse

archingthesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案for解析考查介词。searchfor寻找，为固定搭配。8．Isuggesttha

tthenexttimeyougotoyourmum’shomedinner，getafewcookingtipsfromher.(2018·浙江)答案for解析考查介词。gotoyourmum’shomefordinner去你妈妈

家吃饭。for表示目的，意为“为了要，为了得到”。9．Thistrend，whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)amethodoffightingheartdisease，hashadsomeunintende

dsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案as解析考查介词。此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法，所以

用介词as。10．Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandwork.

(2017·全国Ⅱ)答案from解析考查介词。traveltoandfromwork上下班。11．Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull­timebeforegoingtouniversityto

getadegreeengineeringorarchitecture.(2017·全国Ⅲ)答案in解析考查介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。adegreeinengineeringorarchitecture工程学或建筑学学位。1．介宾关系2．介词的基本含义

in①在……里面②表示时间段，加年/月/季节/世纪/朝/年代，几十岁的时候，还泛指上午、下午或晚上例：in1990，inSeptember，inspring，inthe18thcentury，intheMingDynasty，in1980s，inone’stwenties，int

hemorning③处于……状态例：ingoodcondition状态良好ingoodshape身材好④用某种语言/专业(speak)例：inEnglish⑤inaway在某方面；在某种程度上instrength在力量上inco

urage在勇气上on①在……上②在具体的时间，或具体的上午、下午或晚上例：onOctober1，onSunday，onChristmasDay，onthemorningofMay1③关于(＝about)④身上带着，有(＝with)例：haveenoughmoneywith/onme⑤on(＝up

on)＋n./doing一……就……at①在某处例：attheairport②在……时(刻)例：at6∶00inthemorning③在……岁(具体)例：at20④以……价格、速度例：atahigh/lowprice

以高/低价ataspeedof...以……速度⑤朝，向(某方向或目标)例：throwat，laughat⑥因……而……；一听到/看到/想到……就……例：attheterriblesightto①向，朝(某方向或某处)②(指时间)在(某时间)之前例：aquartertosix差一刻到六点ten

minutestotwo一点五十分③属于(某人/某物)例：thekeytothedoor，theanswertothequestionfor①(表示目的)为了例：forpleasure为了好玩②(表示对象)给例：Thereisaletterforyou.③对某人

来说例：Itiseasyforus.④(表示理由或原因)因为，由于例：ThankyouforhelpingmewithmyEnglish.⑤表示“持续一段时间”例：foranhour⑥(表示目标、去向)往，向例：leavefo

r，headforthetrainforParis开往巴黎的火车⑦表示“支持，赞同”，反义词为“against”例：Areyouforthisplanoragainstit?with①和……在一起例：withafriend②有，带有，

具有例：withmoremoney③随着例：withage随着年龄的增长withtimegoingby＝astimegoesby随着时间的流逝by①靠近，在……旁边例：bythefire在炉火旁②按……计算，

常用“by＋the＋单数可数名词”例：bytheday按日③由，靠，通过(表示交通方式)例：bybus乘公交车off①下来；离开例：keepoff远离，falloff掉下来②远离，脱离例：offthemainroad远离大路，offtrack脱轨③休息，休假例：offduty休息(ondut

y值班)，takeadayoff休班一天across①横过，从一边到另一边例：walkacrossthestreet过马路②在对面例：acrosstheroad在马路对面against①反对，违背例：goagainstthelawofnature违背自然规律②靠着例：leanaga

instthewall靠墙③逆着例：againstthewind逆风④在……映衬下例：Thehilllooksmorebeautifulagainstthebluesky.在蓝天的映衬下，山峰更显美丽。beyond①(表示时间)表

晚于，超过例：beyondvisitinghour超出探视时间②表示范围、水平、能力等“超出……之外；非……能力所及”例：beyondone’swildestdreams某人做梦也没想到beyondrecognition认不出来题型二关于代

词和介词(短语)的短文改错1．Fromthenon，Istartedtoplaymyfootballwithclassmatesafterschool.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案删除my解析考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英语表达为“playfootball”，中间不能加冠词或者

代词。故删除my。2．Inthecafe，customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhichiscreatedforthem.(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案y

ourselves→themselves解析考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语，故把yourselves改为themselves。3．ThefirsttimeIwentthere，theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs，ducks，

andanotheranimals.(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案another→other解析词法错误。another意为“另一个”，修饰可数名词单数；此处表示“其他的动物”，应用“other＋可数名词复数(animals)”。4．Ihaddonemyse

lfhomework，butIwasshy.(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案myself→my/the解析词法错误。doone’s/thehomework为固定搭配，意为“做家庭作业”。反身代词不能用来修饰名词，应用形容词性物主代词或冠词。1．根据上下文判断人称代词

的单复数和指代是否一致。2．反身代词也要在人称和数上与所指代的名词保持一致。3．形容词性物主代词修饰名词，不能单独使用；名词性物主代词，不能修饰名词。4．不定代词，判断是否和指代的名词一致，含义是肯定还是否定。1．Wh

enIstudiedchemistryhighschool，Ireconsideredmygoalanddecidedtobeadoctor.(2019·全国Ⅱ)答案chemistry之后加in/at解析考查介词。“在高中”需要用介词i

n或者at，故在chemistry之后加in/at。2．Iwantmycafetohaveaspecialthemesuchaslike“TangDynasty”．(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案删除like解析考查介词的用法。sucha

s和like都是用来举例子，重复使用。故删除like。3．Attheendofourtrip，ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears，andheagreed.(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案删

除for解析词法错误。everytwoyears是时间状语，可独立使用，前面不需要介词。4．WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself，Irealizeofhowfasttimeflies.(2017·全国Ⅲ)答案删除第二个of

解析词法错误。realize认识到，意识到，是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。1．及物动词后面不用介词，如realize，enter，reach，approach，discuss，givesb.sth.,tellsb.sth.，exp

lainsth.tosb.；不及物动词后面必须用介词，如arrivein/at，agreewithsb.，graduatefrom，lookat，learnfrom，listento。2．由“this，that，every，las

t，next＋名词”构成的时间状语及yesterday，tomorrow，前面不用介词。如lastmonth。增分训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thefirmisalsoresponsiblemillionsofonlineshoppers’detailsar

oundtheglobe.(2019·河南六市联考)答案for解析考查介词。beresponsiblefor对……负责，为固定搭配。句意为：该公司还负责全球数百万在线购物者的详细信息。故填for。2．Thestudentsspentfiveda

ysattheirschoollearningexperiencedworkersfromtheMasonryInstituteofIowa，aprofessionalorganization.(2019·山东青岛二模)答案from解析考查介词。句意为：学生们在学校

里待了五天向爱荷华州砖石协会经验丰富的工人学习，这是一个专业的组织。learnfrom表示“向……学习”，故填from。3．Ifpossible，theycangivetheirparentsagiftonas

pecialdayorhelpwithhouseworkaregularbasis.(2019·湖北联盟名校信息卷)答案on解析考查介词。句意为：如果可能的话，他们可以在特殊的日子送给父母礼物，也可以定期帮他们做家务。onaregularbasis经常地，定期地，为固定短语，故填on。4．Wef

oundthatsingingaspartofagroupcontributespeople’srecoveryfrommentalhealthproblems.(2019·广东汕头二模)答案to解析考查介词。句意为：我们发现参与合唱有助于精神疾病的恢复。c

ontributeto有助于，为固定短语，故用介词to。5．Readingfictionisoneofthebestwayswehaveofputting(we)inotherpeople’sshoes.(2019·重庆调研)答案ourselve

s解析考查反身代词。句意为：阅读小说是我们设身处地为别人着想的最好方法之一。put的逻辑主语是we，故宾语应用反身代词ourselves。6．(they)goalofproducingnotrashisprobablyimpossibletoreach.(2019·江西重点中学协

作体联考)答案Their解析考查形容词性物主代词。句意为：他们的不产生垃圾的目标不太可能实现。goal为名词，前面需要形容词修饰，故填形容词性物主代词Their，注意句首首字母大写。7．Since20

13，thenumberofcouplesaged25to29hasbeengreaterthanofyoungercouples.(2019·陕西咸阳二模)答案that解析考查代词。句意为：自2013年以来，25至29岁的夫妇数量一直高于更年轻的夫妇。分析句子可知，

本空指代前面的thenumber，指代前面的同类但不同一事物的词，故填that。8．Theroad(it)hasalreadybeencompleted，andnowit’sonlyamatterofconnectingthegrid(输电网)．(2019·河北衡水押题卷2)

答案itself解析考查反身代词。道路本身已经完成。此处用itself作同位语，故答案为itself。Ⅱ.易错练习1．EverynewyearintheheartlandofindustrialChinathousandsuponthousandsofmotorcyclistsbrav

etheweatherandhittheroad，determinedtomakehome.答案it解析考查代词。句意为：每年新年，在中国工业中心地带，成千上万的摩托车手冒着严寒上路，决心回家。根据句意可知，他

们冒着严寒，也一定要回家，makeit及时抵达，走完路程。故填it。2．Anotherfriendof(I)realizedthattwooff­dutylifeguards，LizandAlisonManley，werenearby.(2019·山西实验中

学质检)答案mine解析考查代词。anotherfriendofmine我的另一个朋友。of是介词，这里表所属关系，后跟名词性物主代词。故填mine。3．Accordingtoexperts，thekeytheForbiddenCity’sstrength，aswellasotheranci

entChinesestructures，liesindougong(斗栱)—acenturies­oldbuildingmethodinventedinChina.(2019·山东日照一模)答案to解析考查介词。key与介词to搭配

，意为“紫禁城坚固的关键”。故填to。4．ButaTVshow，LettersAlive，ishelpingbringthisoldwaytokeepintouchbackthepresent.(2019·湖南娄底二模)答案to解析考查介词。句意为：《见字

如面》这档电视节目正将这一保持联系的老方式带回到现代人的视野。bring...backto...意为“把……带回到……”，为固定搭配，故用to。Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1．LastJulyBellpaidavisitonEurope.(2019·宁夏银川一中二模)答案on→

to解析考查介词。句意为：去年七月贝尔去欧洲参观。payavisitto＋某地“去某地参观”，为固定搭配。故将on改为to。2．Heexplainedtheclassthewholestoryandpraisedme.(2019·广东揭阳二模)答案在explained后加to解析考查介词。e

xplaintosb.sth.向某人解释某事，故在explained后加to。3．Thefilmstartedatthemomentwesatdowninthecinema.答案删除at解析themoment此处是连词，表示

“一……就……”，后跟从句。此处指“我们一坐下电影就开始了”。引导从句前面不加介词，故删除at。4．VisitorswillnotonlyunderstandtraditionalChinesecultur

ebetterbutdefinitelyfeelabouttheuniquebeautyofit.答案删除about解析考查介词。句意为：游客不仅能更好地了解中国传统文化，而且一定会感受到它独特的美。feel“感觉”，此处

是及物动词，结合句意，故删除feel后的about。5．Inaword，peoplechoosedifferentlytoexchangeourbestwishesduringtheirholiday

s.(2019·江西吉安一模)答案our→their解析考查形容词性物主代词。句意为：总之，人们在他们的假期中选择不同的方式来交换他们最好的祝愿。根据句意可知，指代第三人称复数应用their。6．Itisthemwhogivewithoutaskinganythingforreturn.

(2019·江西重点中学盟校联考)答案them→they解析考查人称代词。句意为：正是他们，付出而不求回报。本句为强调句，强调主语部分，故应用第三人称复数的主格形式的人称代词，故将them改为they。7．Thoughwehaveneverusedthem

before，wemustpreparethemincaseanythinglikethathappensagain.答案anything→something解析考查不定代词。句意为：虽然我们以前从未使用过，但我们必须做好准备，以防类似的事情再次发生。文中表示“一些事”，所以将anyth

ing改为something。8．Oneday，myEnglishteacheraskedmetogotoherofficeandtoldusthatIwasgivenanopportunitytopar

ticipateinanEnglishspeakingcompetition.(2019·广东六校联考)答案us→me解析考查代词。句意为：一天，我的英语老师要求我去她的办公室并告诉我，我有一个参加英

语演讲比赛的机会。根据句意可知，英语老师告诉我，而不是我们，所以使用代词me充当tell的宾语。故将us改为me。强化练(七)Ⅰ.语法填空(2019·贵州贵阳适应性考试一)Franklin’slifeisfullofcharmingstori

eswhichallyoungmenshouldknow—1.________hesoldbooksinBoston，andbecametheguestofkingsinEurope；howhewasmadeMajorGeneralFranklin，only

toquitbecause，ashesaid，hewasnosoldier，andyethelpedtoorganizethearmythatstoodbeforethetrainedtroopsofEnglandandGermany.ThispoorBostonboy，with

outaday’sschooling，2.(become)amasterofsixlanguagesandneverstopped3.(study)；thisneglectedapprentice(学徒)conqueredlightning，madehisname

famous，4.(receive)degreesanddiplomasfrommanycolleges，andbecameforeverrememberedasthe“DoctorFranklin”，aphilosopher，scientistand5.(poli

tics)leader.Self­made，self­taught，thecandlemaker’ssongavelight6.alltheworld；thestreetbooksellersetallmensingingofliberty；theapprenticebecamethe

mostsought­aftermanacrosstheworld，andbroughthisnativelandtopraiseandhonorhim.HebuiltAmerica，forwhatthenationistodayislargelyduetoth

emanagement，theforethought，thewisdom，andthe7.(able)ofBenjaminFranklin.Hebelongstotheworld，but8.(especial)hebelongstoAmerica.Peopl

earoundtheworldhonoredhimwhilehewasliving；heisstillregarded9.theloftiest(崇高的)manbythecommonpeopletodayafterhisdeath.Andhewi

llliveinpeople’s10.(heart)forever.语篇解读本文主要讲述了本杰明·富兰克林的传奇故事。1．答案how解析考查副词。此处与下文中的“howhewasmadeMajorGeneralFranklin”呼应，此处表示事情进

行的方式，故用副词how。2．答案became解析考查动词的时态。根据下文的“andneverstopped”可知，是并列结构，故也用一般过去时。3．答案studying解析考查非谓语动词。由句意可知

，此处表示“他从未停止学习”，stopdoingsth.意为“停止做某事”，故用动名词作宾语。4．答案received解析考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处和conquered，made，became是并列关系，故用一般过去

时。5．答案political解析考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词，故用形容词political修饰名词leader，在句子中作定语。6．答案to解析考查介词。givesth.tosb.意为“给某人某物”，故用介词to。7．答案ability解析考查词

形转换。根据冠词the和介词of以及上文的management，forethought和wisdom可知，此处用名词ability表示抽象概念。8．答案especially解析考查副词。副词修饰形容词、副词、动词、介词短语，甚至整个句子，在句子中

作状语。此处副词especially修饰整个句子。9．答案as解析考查介词。regard...as...意为“把……看作……”，为固定搭配，故用介词as。10．答案hearts解析考查名词复数。heart作“心；内心”时为可数名词，根据空前的people’

s可知，此处表示复数概念，故用名词复数hearts。Ⅱ.短文改错11(2019·四川成都外国语一诊)Wearerequiredtocollectoursmartphonesandkeepitintheteachersduringtheweekdays.Infact，themosto

fusobeythisregulation，butsomestillplayvarioustrickagainstit.I’mamongthose.Once，Ihandinawastephone.MrLi，ourheadteacher，seemedignoreallthat.SoI

feltveryluckilytohaveanextraphonewithme.Andgoodtimesdon’tlastlong.“CanIuseyourphoneasawhile?Iforgottotakeminebychance.”Lisaid，pickoutmywastep

honeanddialing.YoucanseehowembarrassingIwasonthescene!答案Wearerequiredtocollectoursmartphonesandkeepitthemintheteachersduringtheweekdays.Inf

act，themostofusobeythisregulation，butsomestillplayvarioustricktricksagainstit.I’mamongthose.Once，Ihandhandedinawastephone.MrLi，ourheadteacher，

seemed∧toignoreallthat.SoIfeltveryluckilyluckytohaveanextraphonewithme.AndBut/Yetgoodtimesdon’tlastlong.“CanIuseyourphonea

sforawhile?Iforgottotakeminebychance.”Lisaid，pickpickingoutmywastephoneanddialing.YoucanseehowembarrassingembarrassedIwasonthescene!12(2019·四川成都二诊)I

havealwaysbeendoingvolunteerwork，soIhadneverreallythoughtaboutdoingworkabroaduntilIfoundsomeinformationso

nthisspecifictrip.Therewasapictureattachingtoane­mail，whichwassentregardingatrip.Itshowedtwolittlegirlsthatthey

neededvolunteers.Theimagemakesmefallinlovewiththeideaofgoingsomewherecompletedifferentfrommyhome.Whatattractedmea

boutthetripwasitwastoaplaceI’dnevervisitedbymyself.Iwantedtogonowherethatwouldmakemestepoutintomycomfortzone.答案Ihavealwaysbeendoingvolunteerwork，so

but/yetIhadneverreallythoughtaboutdoingworkabroaduntilIfoundsomeinformationsinformationonthisspecifictrip.Therewasapictureattachingattachedtoane­ma

il，whichwassentregardingathetrip.Itshowedtwolittlegirlsthattheyneededvolunteers.Theimagemakesmademefallinlovewiththeideaofg

oingsomewherecompletecompletelydifferentfrommyhome.Whatattractedmeaboutthetripwas∧thatitwastoaplaceI’dneverv

isitedbymyself.Iwantedtogonowheresomewhere/anywherethatwouldmakemestepoutintoofmycomfortzone.Ⅲ.阅读理解(2

019·山东潍坊期中)Digitalgroundingiswhenparentsorcaregiverslimitorcompletelytakeawayaccesstotechnologyfromchildren.Accordingtoastudycond

uctedbyPewResearch,65%ofparentshavedigitallygroundedtheirteenbytakingawaytheirteen’scellphoneorInternetacces

saspunishment.Becausechildrenaresoconnectedwiththeirtechnologies，digitalgroundingmayseemlikealogicalstepforpare

nts.Takeawayachild’smostcherisheditemandhe/shewillquicklylearnfromhis/herbehavior.Buttheideaofdigitalgroundingisn’tasclear­cutasthat.

Instead，itmaybealose­losesituationforparentsandkids，alike.Formostparents，thegoalofgroundingisn’ttomaketheirchildrenunhapp

yorsad.Itistoteachalessoninthehopethattheywon’tengageinwhateverbehaviorgotthemintroubleinthefirstplace.Unfortunately，though，digi

talgroundingisoftenjustpunishment，notdiscipline.Ifachildstaysoutpastcurfew(约定的最晚回家时间)，apunishmentwouldbehittin

goryellingathim/her.Disciplinewouldbenotlettinghim/hergooutthenextweekendbecausehe/shefailedtofollowrules.We’veallbeenthere—we’vecaughtourchild

rendoingsomethingwrongandintheheatofthemomentlaidoutastrictpunishment.Wemayhavebeenfeelinghot­headed，embarrassed，o

rupset.Often，though，thesepunishmentsdon’talignwiththebadbehavior.Whiledigitalgroundingmaysolvetheproblemtemporarily，itwon’tprovide

childrenwiththeguidancetheyneedtoactappropriatelyinthefuture.Insteadofgrounding，showyourchildrenwhattheydidwrongandgiveth

emthechancetoactdifferently.Thisway，theywilllearnfromtheirmistakesinapracticalmannerandfigureoutwaystobesafeandsmar

twithtechnology.There’snodenyingthattechnologyishereforthelong­haul.Thisiswhysomeparentingexpertsdon’trecommenddigitallygroundingyourchild

ren.Itdoesn’tfocusontheendgoalofsafebehavior.Theyrecommendteachingthemgoodhabitsassoonaspossible，ratherthantakingawaytheirtechnology.Byd

igitallygroundingthem，youareputtingabandageoverthewound，ratherthantreatingit.Now，whenwesaythatdigitalgroundingisalose­losesituat

ion，we’renotsayingthatdiscipliningyourchildreningeneralisalose­losesituation.Disciplineisagreatwaytoteachchildrenlessons，whenus

edappropriately.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。介绍了“数码囚禁”并不是教导孩子的好方法。13．Whichofthefollowingisaformofdiscipline?A．Hittingoryelling

atchildren.B．Layingoutastrictpunishmentintheheatofthemoment.C．Takingawayaccesstocellphonesfromchildrencompletely

.D．Forbiddingkidstogooutthenextweekendiftheystayoutpastcurfew.答案D解析细节理解题。由第三段最后两句“Ifachildstaysoutpastcurfew(约定

的最晚回家时间)，apunishmentwouldbehittingoryellingathim/her.Disciplinewouldbenotlettinghim/hergooutthenextweekendbecausehe/shefailedtofollo

wrules.”可知，一个孩子超过约定的最晚回家时间，惩罚就是打他/她或对其大喊大叫。纪律不会让他/她下周末出去，因为他/她没有遵守规则。故D选项正确。14．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofdigitalgrounding

?A．Itbenefitschildrengreatly.B．Itisnobetterthandisciplining.C．Parentscanuseittocorrectkids’behavior.D．Neitherpar

entsnorchildrengainbenefitsfromit.答案D解析细节理解题。由第二段末句“Instead，itmaybealose­losesituationforparentsandkids，alike.”可知，相反，这对父母和孩子来说可能是一种两败

俱伤的局面。故D选项正确。15．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdoinsteadofgrounding?A．Givekidsmorefreetime.B．Actappropriatelyinpublic.C．Helpkidsfor

mgoodhabits.D．Putabandageoverthewound.答案C解析推理判断题。由倒数第二段倒数第二句“Theyrecommendteachingthemgoodhabitsassoonaspossible，ratherthantakingawaythe

irtechnology.”可知，他们建议尽快教他们好习惯，而不是拿走他们的科技。故C选项正确。16．What’sthepurposeofthetext?A．Toinformusofwaysofpunis

hingkids.B．Toexplainwhatdigitalgroundingmeans.C．Toshowhowtoparentchildrenindigitaltimes.D．Toprovedigitalgrounding

isnotagoodparentingway.答案D解析写作目的题。由第二段末句“Instead，itmaybealose­losesituationforparentsandkids，alike.”、第三段第一句“Formostpare

nts，thegoalofgroundingisn’ttomaketheirchildrenunhappyorsad.”、第五段第一句“Whiledigitalgroundingmaysolvetheproblemtemporarily，

itwon’tprovidechildrenwiththeguidancetheyneedtoactappropriatelyinthefuture.”和第六段第二句“Thisiswhysomeparentingexpertsdon’trecommenddigit

allygroundingyourchildren.”可知，本文的目的是证明“数码囚禁”并不是教导孩子的好方法。故D选项正确。Ⅳ.七选五(2019·安徽江南十校检测)Whenbignewsbreaks，it’seasytogetcaughtupin

followingthestoryonline.TheInternetcanbeaplacetofindusefulinformation.17Helpingkidsunderstandthenewsandhowtoseparatef

actfromfictionisanimportantjobforparentsandeducators.Here’ssomeadvicethatparentscanofferkidstohelpthembequickertojudgeastheyconsumenewsonline.

18Intherushtocoverstories，reportersmakemistakes，officialsdon’talwayshavecorrectinformationandtidbits(八卦新闻)thatsoundreasonableo

ftengetpassedaroundbeforeanyonehascheckedthemforaccuracy.Usesocialmediawisely.SomesayTwitterisagreatsourceofnewsint

hefirstfewminutesofatragedy.19Ontheotherhand，Facebookcanbeagreatwaytoconnectwithfriendsaffectedbyeventsinthenewsandtospreadpersonal

newswithinamorelimitedcircle.Beskeptical.20AftertheBostonMarathonbombing，NBCSportsreportedthatsomerunnerskeptrunnin

gallthewaytothehospitaltodonatebloodforthevictims.Nottrue.Thereareplentyofwebsitesdevotedtoexposingfalsene

wsstories.TheWashingtonPostalsohasaFactCheckercolumnthatdeliversclaimsmadebypublicofficialsandpoliticians.Visitthemtofindoutifastoryi

strue.Keepitage­appropriate.Kidsaren’talwaysreadytodigestbig，tragicnews—especiallyifthenewsisaboutkids，suchassch

oolshootingsorabuses.Theconstantrepetitionofinformationcanbeconfusingforyoungerkids，andatthebeginningofanewsevent，parentsmightnotb

eabletoofferanycorrectanswers.21A．Remember，breakingnewsisoftenwrong.B．Italsocanbethesourceofmisinformation.C．Ifsomethingsoundstoogoodtobet

rue，itprobablyis.D．Makesureyouandyourkidsaren’tfallingvictimtofalsenews.E．However，afterthatitjustbecomesmessyandlargel

yinaccurate.F．Withsocialmediaatyourfingertips，it’sconvenienttoexpressyouropinion.G．Kidswhoareeagertolearnmoreab

outcertaineventscancheckkid­guidednewssources.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。网上的新闻有真有假，如何帮助孩子们在网上阅读新闻时更快地作出判断呢？本文就此给父母提出了几条建议。17．答案B解析上文说

“互联网是一个可以找到有用信息的地方。”承接上文，B项“Italsocanbethesourceofmisinformation.”切题。B项中的also一词也是提示。故选B。18．答案A解析根据下文提示“在匆忙报道新闻的过程中，记者会犯错误，官方并不总是掌握正确的信息，

而那些听起来合情合理的小道消息往往会在人们检查其准确性之前就被传开。”可知空处表达的意思是：突发新闻经常是错误的。故选A项。19．答案E解析分析语境可知，空处表示转折，E项“However，afterthatitjustb

ecomesmessyandlargelyinaccurate.”切题。该项中的However表示一种转折关系，将上下文紧紧联系在一起。故选E。20．答案C解析根据本段首句“保持怀疑态度”及下文例子可知，C项“如果某件事听起来好的令

人难以置信，那么它很可能不是真的”承接上下文。故选C项。21．答案G解析本段主要是在说要挑选适合孩子们看的新闻，以免造成孩子们的困惑。结合选项可知G项切题。