【文档说明】高考英语二轮复习讲义：专题一语法填空与短文改错第二部分第三节含解析.docx，共(29)页，173.452 KB，由envi的店铺上传

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第三节名词、冠词和数词考向分析热考点语法填空：名词考查重点为单复数，变动词和形容词；冠词是考查热点，多关注固定结构；数词考查较少。短文改错：名词重点考查可数名词未用复数和不可数名词误用复数；冠词的误用和漏用都要关注；数词考查基数词变化为序数

词。新考向2019全国卷中减少了对名词单复数的考查，加强了对名词变动词或形容词的考查。题型一关于名词、冠词和数词的语法填空1．Nomatterwhatyouliketodo，thereisawayto

getinvolvedinvarious(activity)onEarthDay.(2019·北京)答案activities解析考查名词复数。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。2．MakingChinese(dish)isseena

sespeciallytroublesome.(2018·浙江)答案dishes解析考查名词复数。dish菜肴，为可数名词，中式菜肴有很多种，故此处用dish的复数形式。3．Amerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtherisk

ofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall(cause)．(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案causes解析考查名词复数。cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，前面有all，故填cause的复数形式。4．Thistrend，whichw

asstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)asamethodoffightingheartdisease，hashadsomeunintendedside(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—thever

ythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案effects解析考查名词复数。sideeffect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweightandheartdisease可知名

词effect用复数形式effects。5．Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible(crowd)ontheroa

dsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.(2017·全国Ⅱ)答案crowds解析考查名词复数。crowd是可数名词，且前面没有限定词，故应用复数形式。6．Shehasturneddownsever

al(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.(2017·全国Ⅲ)答案invitations解析考查名词复数。several表“几个”，其后要用名词invitat

ion的复数形式。7．LastOctober，whiletendinghergardeninMora，Sweden，LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall(carrot)and

wasabouttothrowthemaway.(2017·浙江)答案carrots解析考查名词复数。ahandfulof一把，几个，后接可数名词的复数形式。ahandfulofcarrots几个胡萝卜。8．

Recent(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.(2016·全国Ⅱ)答案studies解析考查名词复数。根据后面的谓语动词show，表示复数形式，故主语也应是复数形

式。提示词是名词，首先分析句子，确认不需要改变词性，就可以考虑用名词复数形式。一些标志词可以快速确认。1．修饰词①oneof＋名词复数。②大于2的基数词，different，various，many，these/those，few，afew，severa

l，all，both，other，a(large)numberof，acoupleof，adozenof，dozensof，ahandfulof后用名词复数。③some后如果名词可数，要用复数。2．谓语动词：如果所填的名词作主语，谓语动词是复数形式

are，were，have或动词原形，则用名词复数。3．特殊的复数名词belongingsn．财产possessionsn．财产congratulations祝贺surroundingsn．环境findingsn．发现good/badmannersn．有礼貌/没礼貌ta

keturns轮流inalldirections四面八方inruins严重受损；破败不堪1．InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlemen

ts，leadingtoa(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案belief解析考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。2．Wearesop

roudofher.It’s(wonder)．(2019·全国Ⅱ)答案wonderful解析考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后应用形容词作表语，故填wonderful。3．Whentheywerefreefromwork，theyinvitedustoloc

aleventsandletusknowofaninteresting(compete)towatch，togetherwiththestorybehindit.(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案competition解析考查名词。由空前的aninteresting可

以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。4．Theyalsosharedwithusmany(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwerehugelypopularwithtourists.(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案tradit

ional解析考查形容词。空格处修饰名词stories，应用形容词，tradition的形容词形式为traditional，故填traditional。5．OtherAmericanstudiesshowed

no(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.(2019·浙江)答案connection/connections解析考查名词。no是形容词，修饰名词，connect的

名词形式为connection表示“联系，关联”，为可数名词，故填connection/connections。6．Schooluniformsare(tradition)inBritain，butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.(2019·浙江)答案tr

aditional解析考查形容词。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。7．It’snevertooearlytoma

kenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand(meaning)collegeexperience.(2019·北京)答案meaningful解析考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy

并列，修饰后面的名词collegeexperience，故此处也要用形容词形式。故填meaningful。8．Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetwee

ntheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein(weigh)problems.(2018·浙江)答案weight解析考查词形转换。此处应用名词作定语修饰problems，weig

htproblems意为“体重问题”。9．Toavoidkneepain，youcanrunonsoftsurfaces，doexercisesto(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉)，avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案

strengthen解析考查词性转换之名词变动词。此处不定式短语作目的状语，故填strength的动词形式strengthen。10．Runningischeap，easyandit’salways(energy)．(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案energetic解析考查词性转换之名词变形容词。连系动

词is后接形容词作表语，故填energy的形容词形式energetic。11．AccordingtotheWorldBank，Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal(globe)fertilizerconsumption...(2018·全国Ⅱ)答案global

解析考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。修饰名词短语fertilizerconsumption应用形容词，名词globe的形容词形式是global。12．MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys

.(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案scientist解析考查词形转换之名词构词法。由空后的who可知，定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词。scientist科学家。(一)提示词是名词，首先分析句子，如需要改变词性，根据语境确认用哪种词性。构词

法——常见的词根词缀①­en动词后缀strength→strengthen加强fright→frighten使害怕length→lengthen延长②­fy动词后缀beauty→beautify美化qualification→qualify使

取得(资格)class→classify分类③­ize/­ise动词后缀apology→apologiz(s)e道歉memory→memorize记住④常见形容词后缀名词＋­ysun→sunny阳光充足的fog→f

oggy有雾的wealth→wealthy富有的health→healthy健康的noise→noisy吵闹的动词＋­ableadvise→advisable明智的，可取的comfort→comfortable舒服的accept→acceptable可接受的名词＋­a

leducation→educational有教育意义的season→seasonal季节的addition→additional附加的，额外的accident→accidental意外的名词＋­enwood→wooden木制的gold

→golden金色的动词＋­entdiffer→different不同的insist→insistent坚持的depend→dependent依赖的名词＋­ishfool→foolish愚蠢的self→selfi

sh自私的child→childish孩子气的动词＋­iveact→active积极的impress→impressive印象深刻的名词＋­fulpower→powerful强有力的peace→peaceful和平的beauty→beau

tiful美丽的wonder→wonderful很棒的help→helpful有帮助的名词＋­less(­ful的反义)home→homeless无家可归的hope→hopeless绝望的help→helpless无助的名词＋­ousfame→famous有名的envy→enviou

s羡慕的humor→humorous幽默的ambition→ambitious有野心的caution→cautious谨慎的名词＋­lyfriend→friendly友好的order→orderly有秩序的time→timely及时的month→month

ly每月的day→daily每天的动词＋­ing构成的形容词promise→promising有前途的reward→rewarding值得的last→lasting持续的appeal→appealing吸引人的invite→inviting诱人的特殊变化variety→var

ious多种多样的value→valuable珍贵的benefit→beneficial有益的energy→energetic充满活力的⑤名词以­ce结尾，形容词以­t结尾confidence→confident自信的elegan

ce→elegant优雅的patience→patient有耐心的evidence→evident明显的intelligence→intelligent有才智的，智能的violence→violent暴力的，剧烈的(二)提示词是动词，

首先分析句子并根据语境标志词确认是否需要填名词。1．句子结构①设空作主语，或者作及物动词、动词短语或介词的宾语，填名词。②系动词之后，含义是“什么”，用名词。2．语境标志词①冠词＋(形容词＋)名词。②形容词性物主代词、所有格、数词、量词、形容词之后，往往用名词。③and/but/or并列连词连接

并列成分。3．动词变名词规律①常见的名词后缀­ness，­ment，­tion，­ance，­sion②describe→description描述permit→permission允许apply→application申请；应用argue→argumen

t争论conclude→conclusion结论depend→dependence依赖③动词＋­al变成名词arrive→arrival到达approve→approval批准；赞同withdraw→withdrawal撤回；取款dispose→disposal

处理propose→proposal建议；求婚survive→survival幸存1．Ofnineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations，threearedeclining，sixarestable，oneisincre

asing，andninelackenoughdata.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案the解析考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。2．Whenwegotacallsayingshewass

hort­listed，wethoughtitwasjoke.(2019·全国Ⅱ)答案a解析考查冠词。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑”可知，此处joke为泛指，且joke的发音以辅音音素开头故填a。3．Everybodywearssamestyle

ofclothes.(2019·浙江)答案the解析句意为：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。4．Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125pe

rcentoverpast25years，whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.(2018·全国Ⅱ)答案the解析考查冠词。此处特指过去的25年，故用定冠词the。5．Unexpectedly，I’mface­to­facewiththegorilla

，whobeginsscreamingattopofherlungs.(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案the解析考查冠词。atthetopofone’slungs用最响亮的声音，放声大叫，为固定搭配。6．Asresult，peoplewilleat

morefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案a解析考查固定搭配中的冠词。asaresult结果。7．Instead，sheisearning￡6,500adayasmodelinNe

wYork.(2017·全国Ⅲ)答案a解析考查冠词。句意为：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特每天收入6500英镑。用不定冠词a表泛指。8．ForPahlsson，itsreturnwaswonder.(2017·浙江)答案a解析考查冠词。awonder一个奇迹。1．定冠词the①上文

提及，独一无二，普通名词构成的专有名词前，西洋乐器前，序数词前，最高级前，用定冠词the。②含有修饰限定词的结构中③“the＋adj.”表示一类人the＋定语＋名词the＋名词＋定语从句/非谓语作定语thevery/only＋名词thesame2．泛指，表“一个”

用a/an。往往没有修饰限定词，a/an＋(形容词)＋单数可数名词①首字母是元音字母，但发辅音，用冠词a，如auniversity，a＋useful/usual/unique/united/European/one-eyed/one­way＋名词②以u开头，但用a

n(往往是un­否定前缀)：an＋unusual/unhappy/unforgettable＋名词，anumbrella雨伞③首字母是辅音字母但发元音：anhour，anhonor，an＋honest＋名词3．固定搭配中的冠词①定冠词thecatch/hit/take＋sb.＋介＋

the＋身体部位，inthe1990s，ontheInternet，in/over/duringthepastdays/months/years在过去的……日/月/年，makethemost/bestof充分利用，inthecountrysid

e在乡下，beinthehabitof有……的习惯，atthesametime同时，atthetopof在……的顶端，forthetimebeing暂时，theotherday＝afewdaysago几天前，ontheway在途中，int

helongterm/run长远看来，themore...，themore...句型②不定冠词a/anhaveagoodtime玩得高兴，makealiving谋生，asaresult因此，forawhile一会，inahurry匆忙地，inaword总之，atadistance离一段距

离，awasteof...浪费，amatterof...……的问题，haveagoodknowledgeof精通；掌握，makeanapology道歉，payavisitto拜访，keepaneyeon照看；关注③抽象名词具体化

：表示一个……的人/事asuccess/pleasure/comfort/surprise/failureone→first，two→second，three→third，five→fiftheight→eighth，nine→ninth，twelve→tw

elfth，twenty→twentieth，thirty→thirtieth题型二关于名词、冠词和数词的短文改错1.Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案player→players

解析考查名词的数。“player(运动员)”为可数名词，all(所有的)后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。2．SinceIwasakid，I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.(2019·全国Ⅱ)答案job→jo

bs解析考查名词的数。“job(工作；职业)”为可数名词，用different(不同的)修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。3．Iwishtohaveachainofcafe

sinmanydifferentcity.(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案city→cities解析考查名词的数。manydifferent后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities。4．LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain，theyhadabigsepar

atehousetoraisedozensofchicken.(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案chicken→chickens解析考查名词的数。dozensof许多，修饰可数名词复数。5．Aftersupper，wewouldpl

aycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.(2018·全国Ⅱ)答案sort→sorts解析考查名词的数。all后跟可数名词复数。ofallsorts各种各样的。6．Theclas

sroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludeslearningfromtextbooks，andmistakeaswell.(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案mistake→mistakes解析考查名词单复数。mistake是可数名词，且由textbooks可知此处所指的

“错误”不止一个，应用其复数形式。7．Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword，“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“Turnleft！”(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案word→words解析考查名词单复数。根据后

面引号内的内容可知word应该用复数形式words。8．Besides，theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.(2017·全国Ⅱ)答案informa

tions→information解析考查名词的数。information是不可数名词，没有复数形式。1．不可数名词furniture家具information信息progress进步advice建议equipment设备knowledge知识homework家庭作业hous

ework家务活word＝news消息luggage/baggage行李air空气space空地；空间room空间；余地2．不用冠词①月/季/星期/节假(day构成)/洲/呼语/头衔/职务(作表语、补语、同位语时)/三餐/球类惯

用语/学科/棋类②与by连用的交通工具前零冠词bysea，bycar，byair③固定词组atwar在交战中inpeace处于和平状态ingoodcondition情况良好catch/losesightof看(不

)到doharmto对……有害inplace在恰当的位置1．Suddenlyfootballfelljustinfrontofmeandalmosthitme.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案football之前加

a解析考查冠词。一般情况下，可数名词单数前需加限定词，football为可数名词，且其发音以辅音音素开头，故需加不定冠词a，表示泛指。2．Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandanuniquestyle

.(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案an→a解析考查冠词的用法。an用在元音音素前，a用在辅音音素前。unique的发音以辅音音素开头，其前应用a。故把an改为a。3．Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwent

tocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案countryside之前加the解析考查冠词。gotothecountryside表示“去乡下”，是固定搭配。

4．Asthekid，Ilovedtowatchcartoons，butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem，myparentswouldnotletme.(2018·全国Ⅱ)答案t

he→a解析考查冠词。此处表示泛指而非特指。5．Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案first之前加the或my解析词法错误。句意为：我仍然记得第一天有多艰难。表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰。6．Theylivef

arfromtheschool，andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.(2017·全国Ⅱ)答案第一个a→an/one解析词法错误。hour的发音以元音音素开头，前面要用不定冠

词an。表示“一个小时”可以用anhour也可以用onehour。1．漏用定冠词the2．定冠词the和不定冠词a/an的混用3．有冠词和没有冠词含义有区别①infrontof在……前面(在范围之外)/inthefrontof在……前部(在范围之内)②incontrolof控制/inthe

controlof被……控制③inchargeof管理/inthechargeof受……管理④inword口头上/inaword总而言之⑤takeplace发生/taketheplaceof代替⑥outofques

tion＝beyondquestion毫无疑问/outofthequestion＝impossible不可能⑦byday在白天/bytheday按天计算⑧inpossessionofsth.拥有某物/inthepossessionofsb.为

某人所拥有⑨inplaceof代替/intheplaceof在……地方1．Toeveryone’ssurprising，theballwentintothenet.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案surprising→surpr

ise解析考查固定搭配。toone’ssurprise意为“使某人惊讶的是”。故将surprising改为surprise。2．Then，whenIwasinthefivegrade，IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmy

Englishteacherverymuch.(2019·全国Ⅱ)答案five→fifth解析考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词，前面要有定冠词。故将five改为fifth。3．WhenIwaslittle，Friday’sn

ightwasourfamilygamenight.(2018·全国Ⅱ)答案Friday’s→Friday解析考查名词作定语。Fridaymorning/afternoon/night星期五的上午/下午/晚上。4．Int

hesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday，Itookdrivinglessons.(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案eighteen→eighteenth解析考查序数词。表达多少岁生日用序数词，因此ei

ghteen应该改为eighteenth。1．名词所有格表示和名词之间的所属关系；构成“one’s＋名词”结构。2．名词作定语修饰另外一个名词，表示材料、类别或用途。3．表示顺序或等级，用序数词。4．分数：基数词为分子，序数词为分母。分子大于

一，分母序数词＋s。增分训练增分单句训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Well­offfamiliesareruledbycalendars，withchildrenparticipatinginballet，soccerandafter­schoolp

rograms，accordingtonewPewResearchCentersurvey.(2019·湖南师大附中模拟)答案a解析第一次提到这个调查，表示“一个”，用a/an，又因为new的发音是以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填

a。2．Itisunforgettableformetoseethehugecocacolabillboardshownonunnamedlongandnarrowstreet.(2019·山东烟台莱山实验中学模拟

)答案an解析此处是泛指一条无名的长而狭窄的街道，所以用不定冠词。因为unnamed的发音以元音音素开头，所以用an。3．Italsostressedthatadmissionsarenotonlybasedontestscoresbutacomprehensiv

e(assess)ofeachapplicant.(2019·山东潍坊二模)答案assessment解析此处是“a＋adj.＋n.”的结构，assess的名词形式为assessment，意为“一个综合评价”。4．

InJanuary，manyShanghaiyoungstershandedinproposalsonissuesrangingfromnetworksecurityandthefuturecitytoth

eprotectionof(tradition)culture.(2019·河南郑州质检)答案traditional解析根据后面的名词可以确认前面需要填形容词。所以填traditional。5．Despiteavague(describe)oftheremotemountainvi

llage，theexplorershadnodifficultyfindingitwiththehelpofthelocals.答案description解析此处是“a＋adj.＋n.”的结构。特别注意describe

变成名词是不规则变化，其名词形式为description。6．Ifwecangivemorethanreceive，we’ll(strength)theharmonyamongpeopleandliveinabetterworld.

(2019·河南名校联盟冲刺卷)答案strengthen解析此处需要动词与and后的live并列作谓语，所以应变为strengthen表示“加强；强化”。7．Thereis，forexample，apassionateletterfromHuangYongyutopla

ywrightCaoYu30yearsagotocriticizehislackof(create)．(2019·湖南六校联考)答案creativity解析介词of后跟名词，故用名词形式creativity“创造力”。8．ThePacificOceancontainsabout25,00

0islands.The(major)ofthemarefoundsouthoftheequator(赤道)．(2019·山东潍坊模拟)答案majority解析通过the可以判断，需要填名词形式。9．Theyarebythecoastandknownforhavingsome

ofsunniestweatherintheUK.(2019·山西新绛汾河中学三模)答案the解析后面有最高级，意为“阳光最充沛的天气”，所以判定需要用定冠词the。10．Andhehasseenrapid(gro

w)inmusic，film，fashioninChina，whichoffersopportunitiestopeoplefrom(variety)backgrounds.(2019·山东实验打靶)答案growth；various解析

rapid为形容词，空格处应为hasseen的宾语，所以grow应变为名词形式growth；第二个空格处，由后面的名词backgrounds判断，此处需要填形容词，所以变为形容词形式various。Ⅱ.易错练习1．Inadditiontotopscoresongaokao，(a

pply)alsoneedtomeetEnglishlanguagerequirements，participateinaninterviewandtakeasubject­specificwrittenadmissionassessment.(

2019·四川成都七中三诊)答案applicants解析句子缺少主语，可以判断需要填名词。根据含义判断，此处说的是申请者，需要用复数形式，所以填applicants。2．Expertsnotethat(chemical)againstth

ewormsarecostly，dangerousanddonotalwayswork.(2019·四川绵阳三诊)答案chemicals解析通过分析可知that从句中缺少主语，所以chemical此处用作名词。谓语动词为are，所以应该用复数形式。3．Beijing，the

capitalofChina，remainedthemostattractivecityforChinese(graduate)，followedbyShenzhenandShanghai.答案graduates解析graduate此处作名词，意为“毕业生”

，为可数名词，此处表复数概念，故填graduates。4．Francesentasenior(represent)tothesecondBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationinBeijinginApril,2019.答案represent

ative解析此处是“a＋adj.＋n.”的结构，所以填representative。5．Clonesofdifferentkindsareproducedinvariousways，andtheyhavebecome(value

)inmanymedicalapplicationsandbiologicalexperiments.答案valuable解析考查名词变形容词。become为系动词，所以此处用形容词形式作表语。Ⅲ.单句改错(除注明，其余每小题仅有1处

错误)1．Byusingthesesimpletechnique，I’veimprovedmyefficiencyandmadeagooduseofmytime.(两处错误)(2019·山东滕州滕东中学调研)答案technique→t

echniques；去掉a解析these后面需要用名词复数，所以改成techniques；makegooduseof为固定搭配，没有冠词。2．EverytimeIreadthepoem，asad­lookingwomanstandingintherainandwin

dseemstoappearinthefrontofme，waitingforherhusbandtoreturn.(2019·山东潍坊二模)答案去掉frontof前的the解析inthefrontof在……的前部(在范围之内)；infrontof在……的前面(在范围之外)。3．T

hepoemisTheAwaitingStonebyWangJian，oneofthemostfamouspoetintheTangDynasty.(2019·山东潍坊二模)答案poet→poets解析on

eof＋名词复数，所以poet应为复数，意为“唐朝最著名的诗人之一”。4．ItookhimtomanylocalplaceofinterestandwealsowenttothetheatertowatchashowofPekingOpe

ra.(2019·山东肥城检测)答案place→places解析many提示后面应该用名词复数。placeofinterest的复数是把place变成复数。5．IwaslostinhappinessesbecauseIdidalittleforastrange

randIgainedalot.(2019·吉林辽源二模)答案happinesses→happiness解析happiness快乐，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。6．LastMonday，ithitmethatmybelovedgrandmotherbirthdaywa

saroundthecorner.Idecidedtomakeheranuniquepresent.(两处错误)(2019·湖南怀化二模)答案grandmother→grandmother’s；an→a解析由语境知，此处指奶奶的生日，故此处需要用所有格，所以gr

andmother改成grandmother’s；unique的发音以辅音音素开头，所以只能用冠词a。7．We’llclimbMangshanMountaininthemorning，onwhosetopwe’llhaveapicnicatthenoon.(2019

·山东德州平原四模)答案去掉noon前的the解析atnoon在中午，noon前没有冠词。8．OnlywithpractisingoverandoveragaindoIbelieveIcancatchupwithotherfantasticplayeroneday.(2019·河南郑州毕业检测)

答案player→players解析other后面需要用名词复数，所以改为players。9．Thencamevariousperformance，includingsinging，dancingandkungfu.(2019·安徽合肥检测)答案performance→performances解

析various修饰名词，需要用名词复数，所以改为performances。10．Whileworking，helearnedthatanothermembersofourcommunityhadbeenveryillandhiswifewaslookingf

orsomeoneshecouldhiretocleanthehouse.答案members→member解析考查名词。根据后文的叙述及another可知，这里应该指的是社区里的另外一个成员生病了，所以应该使用单数，故应把members改为member。增分写作训练——名词

、冠词和数词在写作中的应用1．IknowwellaboutChinesepaintings，whichisbeneficialforintroducingthemtothelocals.(beof＋抽象名词＝be＋形容词)(2019·全国Ⅰ)Ipossessagoodknowledg

eofChinesepaintings,whichisofgreatbenefitforintroducingthemtothelocals.2．Youshouldbewellprepared，whichmeansyoushouldparticipateinregularpracti

ce，sleepproperlyandhaveabalanceddiet.(同义句改写)(2019·全国Ⅱ)Properpreparationsincludefrequentparticipationinregula

rpractice，propersleepandabalanceddiet.3．Ihopeyoucanconfirmwithmewhenitisconvenientforyou.(同义句改写)(201

9·全国Ⅲ)Ihopeyoucansendmeyourconfirmationatyourconvenience.强化练(五)Ⅰ.语法填空A(2019·吉林辽源二模)Chinese­Americancommunitygro

upsarepreparingtoholdtheirsecondannualInternationalConfuciusCulturalFestival(孔子文化节)onSept.28inFlushingQueens，NewYorkCity’seasternmost

borough.Theeventservesnotonly1.aspectacularceremonytomemorizetheworld­famousChinesephilosopher，butachance2.(celebrate)Chineseculturetogetherwithot

herlocalcommunities，saidWangLizhi，presidentofAmericaEastShandongAssociation(AESA)．Co­sponsoredbyAESA，AmericaEastShandongChamberofCommerceand

ConfuciusEducationFoundationInc，thefestival3.(feature)recitationofthe“DiZiGui”，literallytranslatedas“StandardsforBeingaGoodPupilandChild”，

abook4.(write)basedonConfucius’teachingsthatemphasizethe5.(base)necessitiesforbeingagoodpersonandguidelinesfor6.(live)inharmonywithothers

，aswellasChinesetraditionaldances，Shandongfolkmusicandphotoexhibitions.Thegroupshostedthe7.(one)InternationalConfuciusCulturalFest

ivalinflushingonSept.28lastyeartocelebratethe2,568thanniversaryofthebirthofConfucius(551BC－479BC)．Confuciuswas8.extraordinaryeducatorandphilosopher，a

ndfoundedConfucianism.Itwashe9.firstsetupprivateschoolsandreceivedstudentsfromeverywalkoflifewithout10.(consider)oftheirsocial

status.语篇解读本文介绍了孔子文化节的庆祝活动及该节日的意义，同时也对孔子做了介绍。1．答案as解析考查介词。此处指庆祝孔子文化节活动不仅是作为一个壮观的仪式来纪念世界著名的中国哲学家。表示“作为”用介词as。2．答案tocelebrate解析考查动词不定式。此处指这个活

动还是与当地其他社区一起庆祝中国文化的机会。此处是不定式作chance的定语，故填tocelebrate。3．答案features解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处指这个文化节以背诵《弟子规》为特色，与上下文时态一致用一般现在时，主语th

efestival是单数，故填features。4．答案written解析考查非谓语动词。句中abook与动词write是被动关系，指书被写。此处用过去分词作定语表被动，故填written。5．答案basic解析考查形容词。修饰名词necessities用形容词，指

基本的需要。故填basic。6．答案living解析考查非谓语动词。句中介词for后用动词­ing形式作宾语，故填living。7．答案first解析考查序数词。此处由定冠词the限制，根据文章开头“holdtheirsecondannualInt

ernationalConfuciusCulturalFestival(孔子文化节)onSept.28”可知今年是第二届，去年是第一届。故填first。8．答案an解析考查冠词。此处指孔子是一位杰出的教育家和哲学家，表示“一个”且extraordinary首字母发元音。故填不定冠词

an。9．答案that/who解析考查强调句型。本句是“Itis...that/who...”强调句结构，强调的是主语he，故用that/who引导。10．答案consideration/considering解析考查词性变换。此处指孔子接收来自各行各业的学生，而不考虑他们的

社会地位。介词without后加名词，再加of结构，故填名词consideration。B(2019·四川重点中学评估)Sincechildhood，I11.(see)actionmoviesstarringBruceLeeandJackieC

han，andIwasalwayscurioustolearnthemartialarts(武术).12.thereisChina，thereiskungfu.OnceIarrivedinChina，mydreamwas13.

(learn)taichiandkungfuandmasterthetechniquesofmartialarts.Aftermyarrivaloncampusonthefirstday，Iwentforawalkintheearlymorning.Isawsomeolderpe

ople14.(practise)taichislowly.Istoppedandwatchedtheirmovementsclosely.Itattractedme，andtheverynextdayatregistrationtime，I

rushedtotheteacher’sofficetochoosetaichiasmy15.(option)course.ThefollowingweekIwasonthegroundsearlyinthemorningwithmyclassmates.Theteachertoldustha

ttaichi16.(favor)foritshealthbenefits.Themovementofthebodyisrelated17.theyinandyangforces.Themain18.(rule)that

theteachertaughtuswereattitude，discipline(自律)andbalance.Iwastakingeverybitofthetraining19.(serious)andtryingtomaintainmybalance，whic

hwasadifficultjob.However，astheteacherputs20.，ourattitude，ourwillingnessandouractionwillmaketheimpossi

blepossible.AndIwilldo.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述的是自己到中国实现自己儿时学习中国功夫的梦想。11．答案haveseen解析考查时态。since引导的时间状语常与现在完成时连用。1

2．答案Where解析考查连词。本句话其实改编自谚语“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway(有志者事竟成)”。13．答案tolearn解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，不定式和动名词都可以作表语，但是根据后面的“and

master”可知，and连接并列的非谓语动词作表语，master前省略了to，故本空应用不定式。14．答案practising解析考查非谓语动词。本句为“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾语someolderpeople与

practise之间是逻辑上的主动关系，且根据后面的“Istoppedandwatchedtheirmovementsclosely”可知，宾补动作正在发生，故用practise的现在分词形式。15．答案optional解析考查形容词。

空处作定语，修饰名词course，故用形容词optional“可选择的，非强制的”。16．答案isfavored解析考查时态和语态。taichi与favor之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故此处用被动语态。虽然主句用了一

般过去时，但是根据语境可知，宾语从句描述的是客观事实，故从句用一般现在时。下一句的时态也是暗示。17．答案to解析考查介词。berelatedto...与……有关，是固定搭配，故填介词to。18．答案rules解析考查名词复数。由后面的谓语动词were可知，此处主语

要用名词的复数形式。19．答案seriously解析考查副词。修饰动词用副词。take...seriously认真对待……。20．答案it解析考查代词。assb.put(s)it是常用句型，意为“正如某人所说的那样”。Ⅱ.短文改错21(201

9·甘肃重点中学联考)WelcometoourEnglishCorner.ThisCornerwassetupthreeyearsbefore.EverySundaymorning，studentsf

romdifferentschoolandsomeforeignersoftentakepart.Gatheraroundhere，wepractisespokenEnglishbytalkingabouteverythingweareinterested.Wealsoexchangemyexpe

rienceinEnglishstudy.Weallhaveagoodtimehere.Thousandsofpeoplehavebeenheresinceitissetup.Wethinkthatthey

havelearnedalotofbytakingpartinactivitieshere.However，itisareallysupplement(补充物)toourEnglishclass.IfyouwanttoknowmuchabouttheCorner，youma

ytalktothestudentshere.答案WelcometoourEnglishCorner.ThisCornerwassetupthreeyearsbeforeago.EverySundaymorning，studentsfromdi

fferentschoolschoolsandsomeforeignersoftentakepart.GatherGatheringaroundhere，wepractisespokenEnglishby

talkingabouteverythingweareinterested∧in.WealsoexchangemyourexperienceinEnglishstudy.Weallhaveagoodtimehere.Thou

sandsofpeoplehavebeenheresinceitiswassetup.Wethinkthattheyhavelearnedalotofbytakingpartinactivitieshere.HoweverBesi

des，itisareallyrealsupplement(补充物)toourEnglishclass.IfyouwanttoknowmuchmoreabouttheCorner，youmaytalktothestudent

shere.Ⅲ.阅读理解(2019·上海长宁区二模)ThebusscreamedtoastopinNazareth，Israel.FiveAustralianbackpackersboardedandstruckupaconversationwithme.Theyaskedtypical

travelers’questions—wherewasIgoingandwhywasItravelingalone?Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend，Iexplaine

d，butwhenIcalledherthatmorning，shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.Mystomachwasinknots，butIdecidedtoheadoutanyway，th

inkingImightrunintoherifItraveledtoTiberias，wherewehadplannedtogotogether.“Whydon’tyoutravelwithus？”oneofthebackpackersoffered.Theywereexperienc

edadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths，save，thentravelforaslongastheycould.TheircurrentplanwastoexploretheMiddleEastand

EuropeinthreemonthswhileworkinginLondon.Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers，butmyinstinctsaidyes.Forthenexttwow

eeks，IexploredIsraelwiththebackpackersandlearnedtotrustmyinstinctinalltypesofnewandinterestingsituations.Whentheyhookaride，Itookthebus，butwh

entheywantedtostealintotheKingDavidHotel’sswimmingpool，Iledtheway.TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.Ijoinedcompletestrangers，

whobecomeclosefriends.Yearslater，onecouplefromthebackpackinggroupevenflewfromSydneytoPhoenixtobeinmywedding.Thetripwassuchaspecialexperiencethatitgav

emeconfidenceinallareasofmylife.Sincethen，I’vebackpackedaloneacrossSouthAfrica，sky­divedfrom12,000feetinNewZealandandevenmovedacros

stheU．S.withnojoblinedup.OnmythirddaywanderinginIsraelwithmynewfriends，IbumpedintothewomanIwassupposedtomeet.Tho

ughIwashappyshewasallright，Iwasgratefulshehadn’tpickedupthephone.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。作者原本与朋友约好去旅游，却被放了鸽子，她决定一个人去。途中她遇见了五个背包客，

这些背包客邀请她一起去旅游，她和这些人一起经历了美好的几天，并和他们成了好朋友。22．By“Mystomachwasinknots”(inParagraph1)，theauthormostlikelymeansthatshewas.A．

sickofridingonabumpybusB．nervousofmeetingstrangersC．upsetaboutthesuddenchangeD．sorryabouttheimpracticalplan答案C解析句意理解题。根据前文“Myplanwastot

ravelwithafriendofafriend，Iexplained，butwhenIcalledherthatmorning，shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.”可知作者

被朋友放鸽子了，被放鸽子肯定是失望的，C项(因为突然的变化而感到沮丧的)最符合作者此时的心情，所以选C。23．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebackpackerstheau

thormet?A．Courageousbutdisrespectful.B．Joblessandpoorlyeducated.C．Warmheartedandtrustworthy.D．Homelessbutlig

hthearted.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘Whydon’tyoutravelwithus？’oneofthebackpackersoffered.”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游，说明

他们很热心；根据“Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths，save，thentravelforaslongastheycould.”可知这些背包客旅游经

验很丰富，所以是值得信任的，综合选C。24．Theauthor’ssixthsensetoldherthat.A．shewouldgetalongwiththebackpackersB．itmightcause

troubletohaveaswimC．sheoughttostayawayfromthebackpackersD．itcouldaddexcitementtogetafreeride答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers，but

myinstinctsaidyes.”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游时，她的本能(instinct)也就是第六感说了“好”，也就是说她的第六感让她相信她能和这些背包客相处得很好，才会答应他们的邀请，故选A。25．Whatcanbei

nferredfromthepassage?A．Mostofthebackpackersbecametheauthor’slifelongfriends.B．Theauthorgatheredthecouragetobeafullti

mebackpacktraveler.C．Thewomanmissedthephonecallwiththepurposeoftravelingalone.D．Theauthorconsidereditthebestdecisionofherlifetotravel

onherown.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.”可知作者觉得自己选择一个人旅游让自己看到了更大的世界；再

结合文章最后一句“ThoughIwashappyshewasallright，Iwasgratefulshehadn’tpickedupthephone.”可知作者庆幸她的朋友没有接她的电话。由此可以判断作者认为独自旅行是她一生中最好的决定，故选D。Ⅳ.七选五(2019·河南豫北名校

质量评估)Ifyou’reafirst­timelanguagelearner，youknowthatemotional(情感的)upsanddownsareanormalsituation.Whenyouunderstandaconceptorbeginto

comprehendthelanguage，youmayexperiencefeelingsofexcitement.However，thoseareoftenfollowedbymomentsofdisappointmentanddiscourageme

nt，duringwhichyoumightfeelasifyouwillnevermastertheconceptsandattaintheabilitytounderstandandcommunicateeffectively.26.Learnvocabularyeffectivel

yVocabularyisthemostimportantpartofcommunication.Themorewordsyouknow，themoreyoucansayandunderstand.Theabsol

utebestwaytolearnvocabularyisthroughtheuseofflashcardsthatyoumakeyourself.Purchaseasetof3×5indexcards(索引卡片)andcuttheminhalf.27.Asyoulearnmor

einformationabouteachword，e.g.pluralformsofnounsandprinciplepartsofverbs，youcanaddthesetothecards.28Researchshowsthatlanguagestudentslearnmoreeffect

ivelyandacquiremorewhentheystudyfrequentlyforshorterperiodsoftimethaniftheystudyinfrequentlyforextendedperiodsoftime.29.Thismeansdoingafewh

omeworkexerciseseachdayratherthandoingallhomeworkexercisesthenightbeforetheyaredue.Practicelanguageactively30.Sayvocabularywordsoutloud，readpassage

sinthetextaloud，dopronunciationactivitiesorallyandnotjustmentally.Writeouttheanswerstoactivitiesratherthanglidingthroughthe

minyourmind.Readaloudentiresentencesinanactivityratherthanjustreadingafill­inresponse.Transferringlanguagefromyourmindtoyourmouthisaskillt

hatrequiresagreatdealofpractice.A．BreakstudytimeintosmallerperiodsB．ThenuseflashcardsasalearningtoolC．Trytostudyeachday，andsevera

ltimesadayD．Thetime­testedapproachesareeffectiveinyourlearningE．WriteawordonthefrontanditsEnglishdefini

tiononthebackF．Wheneverpossible，speakthelanguagealoudratherthanrecitingsilentlytoyourselfG．Belowaresomeapproachesthatwillrelieveyourpotentialfrustr

ationandhelpyousucceedinlanguagelearning语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要为语言初学者提供了学习语言的三条建议。26．答案G解析根据上文提到的语言初学者会在学习语言的过程中遇到

挫折，认为自己不可能掌握那些概念，也不能获得有效地理解和进行交流的能力的内容及下文给出的三条学习语言的建议可知，此处应填一个起承上启下作用的句子。G项“下面是一些将缓解你潜在的挫折感，帮助你在语言学习方面取得成功的方法”符合语境。27．答案E解析根据空后的“Asyoulear

nmoreinformationabouteachword...youcanaddthesetothecards”可知，当你学到更多有关每个单词的信息时，你可以把它们添加到卡片上。因此空处内容应涉及在卡片上记某些东西，故E项“把单词写在卡片的正

面，并把它的英语释义写在背面”符合语境。28．答案A解析根据本段内容可知，语言学习者把学习时间分成各个小段来频繁地学习比一次学习很长时间取得的效果要好，因此本段提供的学习方法应是把学习时间分成小段来进行学习，故A项符合语境。29．答案C解析根据下文中的“Thismeansdoinga

fewhomeworkexerciseseachdayratherthandoingallhomeworkexercisesthenightbeforetheyaredue.”可知，此处是说每天应该做一些家庭作业而不是拖到最

后一刻一次性完成，故C项“试着每天都学习，并且一天学习多次”符合语境。30．答案F解析根据本段的小标题Practicelanguageactively可知，本段主要讲的是要积极地练习语言，故F项“只要有可能，就大声地说出这门语言，而不

是静静地背给自己听”符合语境。