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第四节形容词和副词考向分析热考点语法填空集中于比较级,形容词变副词。短文改错集中于比较级应用不当,形容词、副词应用不当。新考向2019年高考英语强化了对副词的考查。全国Ⅰ卷短文改错中区分了形近副词hard和hardly的含义,全国Ⅱ卷短文改错
中考查了so修饰形容词,并区分了副词修饰副词含义,即toomuch和very/somuch的区别。题型一关于形容词和副词的语法填空1.Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aro
undhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare(high)thantheyactuallyare.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案higher解析考查形容词的比较级。根据其后的“thantheyactual
lyare”可知,此处用形容词的比较级,故填higher。2.Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears(long)thannonru
nners.(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案longer解析考查副词的比较等级。句中的than是比较级的标志,故填long的比较级longer。3.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe(loud)ofall.(20
18·全国Ⅲ)答案loudest解析考查副词的比较等级。由空前的the以及空后的ofall可知要用最高级。4.Therecouldbeaneven(high)costonyourhealth.(2018
·浙江)答案higher解析考查形容词的比较级。“副词even+比较级”表示“更……”,强调程度。5.Even(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.(2017·全国Ⅰ
)答案worse解析考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知,此处表示程度的加深,所以用比较级形式。evenworse更糟的是,可以看作固定搭配。6.Sixteenyears(early),Pahlssonhadremovedth
ediamondringtocookameal.(2017·浙江)答案earlier解析考查副词的比较级。sixteenyearsearlier意为“早在16年前”。提示词为形容词或副词,根据语境和句意,如果不需要改变词性和含义的话,则需要填该词的比较级或者最高级。1.
比较级的标志词①填空处后有than,用比较级。如果有as,则用原级。②填空处前有even,much,far,rather,alittle,bit及倍数(twice,threetimes)等,用比较级。2.最高级的标志词①填空处后有ofall/among等表范围,用最高级。②填空处
前有oneofthe,the+序数词,定冠词the,则用最高级。3.固定句型①the+比较级...,the+比较级...越……越……②比较级+and+比较级越来越……③否定词+比较级=最高级④“(倍数)+as+原级+as”结构⑤mo
rethan+adj.表示“非常……”4.比较级最高级的不规则变化good/well-better-bestbad-worse-worstbadly-worse-worstmany/much-more-mostlittle-less-leastfar-farther-farthes
t(指距离)/far-further-furthest(指距离和抽象概念)1.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen(poor)studied.(20
19·全国Ⅰ)答案poorly解析考查副词用法。根据句意和句子结构分析可知,此处副词poorly修饰谓语动词hasbeenstudied。故填poorly。2.Heryearsofhardworkhave(final)beenacknowledgedaft
eracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.(2019·全国Ⅱ)答案finally解析考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知,此处应用副词形式作状语,修饰谓语动词havebeenacknowledged,意为“最
终得以认可”,故填finally。3.TheyalsosharedwithusmanytraditionalstoriesaboutHawaiithatwere(huge)popularwithtourists.(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案hugely解析考查
副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular,应用副词形式,huge的副词形式为hugely,故填hugely。4.Adog’seatinghabitrequiresregulartrainingbeforeitis(proper)established.(2019·天津)答案properly
解析考查副词。句意为:在狗的饮食习惯被正确地建立之前,需要定期的训练。此处用副词修饰动词establish,故填properly。5.Whenthechildrenarewalkingorcyclingtoschoolondarkmorni
ngs,cardriverscan(easy)seethem.(2019·浙江)答案easily解析考查副词。分析句子结构可知,设空处所给词修饰动词see,修饰动词要用副词,因此,用easy的副词形式,故填easil
y。6.Atasteformeatis(actual)behindthechange.(2018·全国Ⅱ)答案actually解析考查词性转换之形容词变副词。修饰动词用形容词actual的副词形式actually。7.Steamengineswereusedtopull
thecarriagesanditmusthavebeen(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.(2017·全国Ⅱ)答案fairly解析考查词性转换之形容词变副词。所填词修饰形容词unpleasant,故用fa
ir的副词形式fairly。8.Itis(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.(2017·全国Ⅲ)答案certainly解析考查词性转换之形容词变副词。此处
应该用副词来修饰形容词fun,故填形容词certain的副词形式certainly。1.根据句意和句子结构,判断是填形容词还是副词。原则唯一:形容词修饰名词或者代词副词修饰动词、形容词或者副词2.如果确定需要填副词,要注意形容词变副词的规律。①一般情况:直接加lyqu
ick→quicklybrave→bravelyimmediate→immediately②大多数“辅音字母+e”结尾的形容词直接加lyunfortunate→unfortunatelyabsolute→absolutely
attractive→attractively③“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词要变y为i再加lyhappy→happilyheavy→heavilysteady→steadily④以al结尾的形容词,变副词直接加lytypica
l→typicallyeventual→eventuallyoccasional→occasionallynormal→normallygradual→gradually⑤“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去e加ysimple
→simplygentle→gentlycomfortable→comfortablypossible→possiblyreasonable→reasonablyprobable→probably⑥特殊true→truly⑦以ll结尾只加
yfull→fullydull→dully⑧以ic结尾加allybasic→basicallyscientific→scientificallyautomatic→automatically⑨特别注意wh
ole→whollyshy→shylydry→drylygood→wellhard既是形容词又是副词hardly是副词意为“几乎不”fairadj.公平的,头发浅色的,皮肤白的,美丽的,相当的n.集市fairlyadv.相当地,公平地
,竟然以ly结尾的形容词:friendly,lovely,lively,lonely,deadly,likely,monthly,yearly,daily,weekly,neighbourlyOnourwaytothe
house,itwasraininghardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案so解析考查副词。句意为:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们禁不住想还要多久才能到达那里。s
o...that...意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。故填so。1.形容词修饰名词或者代词。2.副词修饰动词、形容词或者副词本身。3.尤其关注“so+adj./adv.+that”句型。题型二关于形容词和副词的短文改错1.First,Iwantedt
obeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.(2019·全国Ⅱ)答案coolly→cool解析考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked(看起来……样)”为系动词,系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。2.WhatIwantisnotjustanor
dinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案ordinarily→ordinary解析考查形容词的用法。修饰名词cafe,应用形容词。ordinarily是副词。故把ordinar
ily改为ordinary。3.Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案happily→happy解析考查形容词作表语。句意为:他们的生活得到了改善,我感到很高兴。feel为系动词,应该用形容词作表语,故将ha
ppily改为happy。4.Immediate,Iraisedmyhand.(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案Immediate→Immediately解析考查副词的用法。放于句首,作状语修饰整个句子,要用副词。故将Immed
iate改为Immediately。5.ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案suddenly→sudden解析考查形容词的用法。此处stop是名词,修饰名词需用形容词,故将sudden
ly改为sudden。6.Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelatestmu
sicalbums.(2017·全国Ⅲ)答案difference→different解析考查形容词的用法。此处应用形容词修饰名词kinds。故将difference改为different。1.原则唯一:①形
容词修饰名词或者代词。②副词修饰动词、形容词或者副词本身。2.系动词之后要用形容词作表语,不能用副词。3.更正时,一定注意形容词变副词的规律。1.Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答
案hardly→hard解析考查副词。“hard(用力地,猛力地,猛烈地)”与“hardly(几乎不;几乎没有)”都为副词,但是词义不同。本句句意为:我挡住足球,并用力地将它踢回操场。由句意可知,此处表示“用力地”,应用hard。故将hardly改为hard。2.Then,whenIwas
inthefifthgrade,IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachertoomuch.(2019·全国Ⅱ)答案too→so/very解析考查副词。句意为:在五年级的时候,因为我非常喜欢我的英
语老师,所以我想成为一名老师。“so/verymuch”表示“非常”;“toomuch”表“太多”。此处表示“我非常喜欢我的英语老师”,应用somuch或verymuch。故将too改为very/so。3
.Afewminuteslate,theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案late→later解析词法错误。“一段时间+later”表示“多长时间之后”,是固
定用法。故将late改为later。4.Beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationfromtheInternet.(2017·全国Ⅱ)答案Beside→Besides解析词法错误。此处表示“此外,而且”,应用副词besides。beside在……旁
边,为介词。故将Beside改为Besides。1.hardadj.坚硬的,困难的,努力的adv.努力地;艰难地;用力地,猛力地,猛烈地hardlyadv.几乎不;几乎没有2.lateadj.迟到的;晚的adv.晚;迟later
adv.后来,之后。“时间段+later”表示“多久之后”。latelyadv.最近=recentlylatestadj.最近的3.beside在……旁边besides此外,而且1.OnewasthatIwasamazeda
tthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchmorebetterafterseeingadoctor.(2019·全国Ⅱ)答案删除more解析考查形容词的比较级。句中better为well(健康;身体好)的比较级形式,多音节的形
容词或副词构成比较级用“more加形容词或副词”,所以more不能与better连用。故删除more。2.Iwasafraidtospeakinfrontofalargergroupofpeople.(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案larger→large解析词
法错误。由语境可知,前后没有比较的意味,用原级。故将larger改为large。1.两者比较用比较级,三者或三者以上用最高级。2.一些词没有比较等级:favorite,perfect,excellent,superior。增分训练增分单句训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Internetusersh
ave(broad)welcomedthemove,sayingthisisablessingforChinesestudentswhowanttoenterCambridge.(2019·四川成都七中三诊)答案broadly解析此处应该用副词修饰动词welcome,所以用broadly。2.
Theyarepretendingtokeepahealthyandwiseattitudetowardfailure(simple)becausethey’reincapableofsucceeding.(2019·人大附中第三次调研)答案simply解析此处
需要副词修饰整个原因状语从句。simple变成副词需要去e加y,故填simply。3.“IthinkAIisgoingtobe(great)importantforwhatwedo,”saidJonSnoddy,anofficialofth
eentertainmentcompany.(2019·山东枣庄三模)答案greatly解析此处需要修饰形容词important,所以需要用副词形式,即greatly。4.Justtakealookatarecentstudywhereresea
rchersfoundthatthefrontpocketsonwomen’sjeansare40percent(short)and6.5percentnarrowerthanthoseonmen’s.(2019·辽宁二中四模)答案shorter解析根据后面的than及and后面的平行结构n
arrower可知,此处应该用比较级,故填shorter。5.Chinahassplendidculturewithalonghistory.Chineseoperaisoneofthe(old)dramaticartf
ormsintheworld.(2019·湖北十堰模拟)答案oldest解析第二句句意为:中国戏曲是世界上最古老的戏剧艺术形式之一。此处是“oneof+the+最高级+名词复数”结构。所以此处用最高级oldest。6.However,itcouldleadtoam
uch(deep)understandingofhowweallremembertheworldaroundus.(2019·河北辛集中学三模)答案deeper解析amuchdeeperunderstanding一个更深入的了解,much用来修饰deep
的比较级。故填deeper。7.Scullinfoundstudentswhosleptmoreperformed(well)intwodifferentclasses,andhepublishedhisfindingsintwoaca
demicpublicationslastNovember.(2019·山东青岛一模)答案better解析句意为:斯卡利林发现,睡眠较为充足的学生在两个不同的课程中表现得更好,并且在去年11月,他在两份学术刊物上发表了
自己的研究结果。由“more”可知,这实际上是睡眠较为充足的学生与睡眠不足的学生在课程表现中的对比,所以用well的比较级better。8.Imadelifelongfriendsandhadmany(last)memories.(2019·宁夏石嘴山三中三模)答案lasting解析此
处需要用形容词修饰名词memories。last可以由动词变为形容词lasting,表示“持久的”。Ⅱ.易错练习1.Honoluluhas(many)pedestrianshitincrosswalksthanalmostanyothercityinAmerica.
答案more解析由than可知,用many的比较级more。2.(sure)redwillalwaysbeabelovedcolorfordesigners,andredshoeshavealsobecomeachoiceformanysupe
rmodels.答案Surely解析副词修饰整个句子,故填Surely。3.The(easy)waytogetinvolvedinRedNoseDayistoweararednose!答案easiest解析句意为:参加红鼻子日最简单的方法就是戴上红鼻子。根据the以及句意可知应填
形容词最高级easiest。4.CornwallhasitsowntreasurestooprettyvillagesandtownssuchasStIvesandMouseholelinethecoastline,andmakefortheperf
ectlocationstospendthose(relax)summerafternoons!答案relaxing解析修饰summerafternoons用ing形容词,故填relaxing。Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Ever
ytimeIseeit,IwillfeelproudlyasIamChinese.(2019·四川双流中学三模)答案proudly→proud解析feel为系动词,后面需要用形容词作表语。所以要把pro
udly改为proud。2.IhavealittledifficultyinEnglish.ButIwillstudyhardlytoimproveitifIhaveanopportunitytogotoyouruniversity.(2019·山东滕州二中模拟)答案hard
ly→hard解析考查副词。“hard(努力地)”与“hardly(几乎不;几乎没有)”都为副词,但是词义不同。本句句意为:如果我有机会进入你的大学,我将努力学习提高英语。故将hardly改为hard。3.Among
100studentssurveyed,wecanseedifferentlystudentshavedifferentwaystogetridofpressure.(2019·四川成都七中三诊)答案differently→different解析此处需要用形容词修饰名词
students,所以把differently改成different。4.JinanmayneitherbeasindustrializedasShanghainorashistoricalasBeijing.ButJinanformeisatruewonderfulcity.(2019
·河水衡水中学联考)答案true→truly解析此处需要用副词修饰形容词wonderful。true变副词为特殊变化,即truly。5.Networkhaschangedthewayweliveandmakesourl
ifeeasythanbefore.(2019·辽宁实验中学模拟)答案easy→easier解析后面有than,需要用比较级,所以把easy改为easier。6.Whenwewenttohighscho
oltogether,shedidn’tstudyverymuchhard.(2019·辽源田家炳高级中学六模)答案删除much解析此处very修饰hard,much多余,语意重复,故删除。7.Ifone
wantstoknoworstudyChineseculturemoredeeply,heorshemustspendmuchtime.答案much→more解析句意为:如果一个人想更深入地了解或研究中国文化,他或她必须花更多的时间。根据条件状语从句中moredeeply可知,
主句中much应该用比较级。故much改为more。8.Iwasamazedatthebrightnessofthetropicalfish,thebeautyoftheseahorsesasgoodasthepow
eroftheshark.(2019·云南曲靖沾益四中三模)答案good→well解析句意为:我吃惊于热带鱼的艳丽、海马的美丽以及鲨鱼的力量。此处是aswellas“也,此外”,为固定词组。增分写作训练——形容词、副词在写作中的应用1.Tobehonest,Iha
veoncewonfirstprizeintheOralEnglishCompetition,which,asaconsequence,provesmyability.(2019·全国Ⅰ)→Honestlyspeaking,Ihaveoncewonfirstprize
intheOralEnglishCompetition,whichconsequentlyprovesmyability.2.AsfarasIamconcerned,youaremorecompetitivethananyoneelse,whichwillbeofben
efittous.(2019·全国Ⅱ)→AsfarasIamconcerned,noonecanbemorecompetitivethanyou,whichwillbebeneficialtous.3.Therewillbeallkindsofperform
ances,includingChinesemusicandpopmusicmadebytheteenagers,whichwillleaveadeepimpressionontheaudience.(2019·全国Ⅲ)→Therewillbevariou
sperformances,includingtraditionalChinesemusicandoriginalpopmusicmadebytheteenagers,whichwilldefinitelybeimpressive.
强化练(六)Ⅰ.语法填空A(2019·湖南六校联考)Twentyfiveyearsago,mostyoungBritishpeoplewantedacareerinlaw,tobeadoctor,ortotakeupsingi
ng.Buttoday,thingsstand1.(different).Accordingtoarecentsurvey,the“dreamjob”ofyoungpeople2.(age)between16and25
intheUKisavideoblogger,or“vlogger(视频博主)”.Thesurvey,carriedoutamong1,002people,foundthatover40%ofthemputvloggerastheirnumberonechoiceonalistofdream3
.(career).Thechangeislargelyduetotherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnology(IT).TheInternetandsocialmediahavemadeit4.(easy)andmoreconvenienttoreac
haglobalaudience,withouthavingtoenteracareerinshowbusinessinthetraditionalway.“Inthepast,thebiggeststars5.(make)bytheH
ollywoodstudios;now,anyonewithacomputercameramaybecomeastar,”saidPhilSamuels,6.expertfromtheUK.“Fromfashiontocomedy
,theseselfmadestarsinteractonlinewiththeirfansabouteverydaylife.”However,whatpeoplesee7.(be)onlythebrightsideofbeingavloggerandtheyignoret
hefact8.onlythosewhoaresuccessfulcangainfameandfortune.Actually,9.everysuccessthereareahundredotherswho
nevergetoffthestartingblock.Thisiswhysomeyoungpeoplestillshow10.(prefer)fortraditionaljobs.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。如今,随着信息技术的
发展,年轻人最理想的职业是“网红”。其实,他们忽视了这样一个事实:在“网红”成功的背后,更多的是没有成功的人。1.答案differently解析考查副词。空处修饰动词stand,故用副词形式。2.答案aged解析考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知,动词age和其逻辑主语youngpeople之间
为动宾关系,故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。3.答案careers解析考查名词的单复数。career为可数名词,且结合该句中的“alistof”可知,此处表示多种职业,故用career的复数形式careers。4.答案easier解析考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“andmore
convenient”可知,空处与之并列,也用比较级。5.答案weremade解析考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“Inthepast”可知,此处描述发生在过去的事,故用一般过去时;根据该句中的“bytheHollywoodstudios”可知,该句
主语thebiggeststars和动词make之间为被动关系,故用被动语态;主语为复数形式,故用weremade。6.答案an解析考查冠词。根据语境可知,该处泛指“一位来自英国的专家”,故用不定冠词;expert
的发音以元音音素开头,故用an。7.答案is解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,该句主语为“whatpeoplesee”,是what引导的主语从句,故谓语动词用单数;该句句意为:然而,人们所看到的
仅是视频博主光鲜的一面,忽视了只有成功者才能得到名气和财富这一事实。根据句意可知,该句陈述的是一般事实,故用一般现在时,故填is。8.答案that解析考查同位语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导同位语从句,说明抽象名词“fact”的具体内容,故用that引导该同位语从句。9.答案for解析考查介
词。“实际上,对于每个成功者而言,有上百名其他人还没有起步”。根据语境可知,此处应用介词for“对……来说”。10.答案preference解析考查词形转换。分析该句结构可知,空处作及物动词show的宾语,故用名词形式。该句句意为:这就是一些年轻人仍然喜欢传统工
作的原因。B(2019·山西太原阶段性测评)Inthepastfewyears,morethanhalfofbookstoresinChinahavecloseddown,11.istheresultofthe12.(compete)withonlinebookstores.Butthesucc
essofSisypheBookstore,oneofthe13.(big)privatelyownedbookstorechainsinChina,mayserve14.agreatexample.15.(found)in1993,Sisyphest
artedtotransformandupgradeitsbusinessin2009toseekitsprofitability.Now,itnotonlydevotesitselfto16.(sell)books,butcombinesthefunctionsofthebookstor
e,cafeandthesaleof17.(create)culturalproducts.Sisypheopensitsbookstoresinshoppingmallsinordertotakeadvantageofthelargenumberof
consumersofshoppingmallstosellitsbooks,anditalso18.(able)peopletoenjoyspendingtimereadinganddrinkingcoffee.Inretu
rn,bookstoreshaveimprovedtheculturalatmosphereofshoppingmalls,so19.ismutuallybeneficialtohavesuchcooperation.
Sofar,thegovernment20.(offer)taxreductionforbookstorestoencouragethedevelopmentofphysicalbookstores.Perhapsitisearlytosaytheboomofphysicalbook
storeshascome,butdefinitely,weseetheturningpointtothem.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中国实体书店的现状及西西弗书店的发展历程。11.答案which解析考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性
定语从句,修饰前面的整个句子,且从句中缺少主语,所以用which引导该从句。12.答案competition解析考查词形转换。根据语境以及空前的定冠词“the”可推知,此处应用compete的名词形式competi
tion,表示“竞争”。13.答案biggest解析考查形容词的最高级。根据空前的“oneofthe”和空后的“bookstorechainsinChina”及语境可推知,此处应用big的最高级形式。14.答案as解析考查固定用法。serveas用作,充当,为固定搭配,此处表示西西弗书
店是一个很好的例子。15.答案Founded解析考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知,found与其逻辑主语Sisyphe之间为动宾关系,故用其过去分词形式作状语。16.答案selling解析考查非谓语动词。devoteoneself
tosth.“致力于某事”中的to为介词,介词后面应接动名词形式,故填selling。17.答案creative解析考查词形转换。修饰名词应用形容词,故用creative修饰其后的“culturalproducts”,表示“创造性的文化产品”。18.答案enab
les解析考查动词的时态、主谓一致及词形转换。句意为:它也使人们能够享受阅读和饮用咖啡的时光。根据语境并分析句子结构可知,此处需要谓语动词;根据上文中的“opens”可知,此处应用一般现在时,且空前的主语“it”是第三人称单数,所以填en
ables。19.答案it解析考查代词。分析句子结构可知,此处动词不定式为真正的主语,故用代词it作形式主语。20.答案hasoffered解析考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。sofar为现在完成时的标志,且根据语境可知,offer与其主语the
government为主动关系,所以此处应填hasoffered。Ⅱ.短文改错21(2019·江西三名校联考)Awomanwasinabusinesstrip.Shestayedinabigandcomforthotel.Buteveryday,shehadlotsofmeetingsto
attendto,whichmadeherverytiring.OneSaturdayafternoon,shedecidedtosunbathetorelax.Soshewenttothetopofthehotelinherswimsuitandlaydo
wnonroof.Afteraboutanhourofsunbathing,sheheardsomeonecomeuptotheroof.Itisthemanagerofthehotel.Hesaid,“Excuseme,Miss,butdoyoumindsunbathesomewh
ereelse?”“Why?”thewomanasked,“I’monthetopofthehotel...Everybodycanseeme!”Themananswered,“That’strue,andyouarelyingonthewindowabovethediningroom.Allof
theguestcanseeyourightabovethem!”答案Awomanwasinonabusinesstrip.Shestayedinabigandcomfortcomfortablehot
el.Buteveryday,shehadlotsofmeetingstoattendto,whichmadeherverytiringtired.OneSaturdayafternoon,shedecidedtosunbathetorelax.Soshewenttothetopofthehote
linherswimsuitandlaydownon∧theroof.Afteraboutanhourofsunbathing,sheheardsomeonecomeuptotheroof.Itiswasthemanagerofthehotel.Hesai
d,“Excuseme,Miss,butdoyoumindsunbathesunbathingsomewhereelse?”“Why?”thewomanasked,“I’monthetopofthehotel...EverybodyNobodycanse
eme!”Themananswered,“That’strue,andbutyouarelyingonthewindowabovethediningroom.Alloftheguestguestscans
eeyourightabovethem!”22(2019·内蒙古呼和浩特调研)Anopeningweekheldinourschoollastweeksothatwecouldshowagreatachievementswemadeinarted
ucation.TheartworksexhibitionwentonfromMondaytoFriday,exhibittheexcellentartworks,suchaspapercuts,paintingsandflowerarrangements.Bothoftheartworkswer
ecreatedbythestudentsofourschool.ThatattractedthepublicmostwasthesinginganddancingperformancesinFridayafternoon.Alltheseactivitiesdrawthe
closeattentionofthepublicandparentsaswell,receivinghighpraisesfromthepublic.Throughtheseactivity,thepublichasabetterunder
standingofourschool.Asaresultof,weallthinkthattheopeningweekwasofgreatsuccessful.答案Anopeningweek∧washe
ldinourschoollastweeksothatwecouldshowathegreatachievementswemadeinarteducation.Theartworksexhibitionwento
nfromMondaytoFriday,exhibitexhibitingtheexcellentartworks,suchaspapercuts,paintingsandflowerarrangements.BothAllofthear
tworkswerecreatedbythestudentsofourschool.ThatWhatattractedthepublicmostwasthesinginganddancingperformancesin
onFridayafternoon.Alltheseactivitiesdrawdrewthecloseattentionofthepublicandparentsaswell,receivinghighprai
sesfromthepublic.Throughtheseactivityactivities,thepublichasabetterunderstandingofourschool.Asaresultof,weallthinkthattheopeningweekwasofgreat
successfulsuccess.Ⅲ.阅读理解(2019·天津十二所重点中学联考二)Tinymicrobes(微生物)areattheheartofanewagriculturaltechniquetomanage
harmfulgreenhousegasemissions.Scientistshavediscoveredhowmicrobescanbeusedtoturncarbondioxideemissionsintosoilenrichi
nglimestone(石灰石),withthehelpofatypeoftreethatgrowsintropicalareas,suchasWestAfrica.ResearchershavefoundthatwhentheIrokotreeisgrowni
ndry,acidicsoilandtreatedwithacombinationofnaturalfungi(霉菌)andotherbacteria,notonlydoesthetreegrowwell,italsoproducesth
eminerallimestoneinthesoilarounditsroots.TheIrokotreemakesamineralbycombiningCafromtheearthwithCO2fromthe
atmosphere.Thebacteriathencreatetheconditionsunderwhichthismineralturnsintolimestone.Thediscoveryoffersanewwaytolockcarbonintothesoil,
keepingitoutoftheatmosphere.Inadditiontostoringcarboninthetrees’leavesandintheformoflimestone,themineralinth
esoilmakesitmoresuitableforagriculture.Thediscoverycouldleadtoreforestation(重新造林)projectsintropicalcountries,andhelpreducecarbondioxideemiss
ionsintheatmosphereinthedevelopingworld.IthasalreadybeenusedinWestAfricaandisbeingtestedinBolivia,HaitiandIndia.Thefindingsweremadeinathr
eeyearprojectinvolvingresearchersfromtheUniversitiesofEdinburgh,Granada,LausanneandDelftUniversityofTechnology.Theprojectexaminedseveralmicrobiol
ogicalmethodsforlockingCO2aslimestone,andtheIrokobacteriawayshowedthebestresults.WorkwasfundedbytheEur
opeanCommissionundertheFuture&EmergingTechnologies(FET)scheme.DrBryneNgwenyaoftheUniversityofEdinburgh’sSchoolofGeoSciences,wholedthe
research,said,“Bytakingadvantageofthisnaturallimestoneproducingprocess,wehavealowtech,safe,readilyemployedandeasil
yoperatingwaytolockcarbonoutoftheatmosphere,whileimprovingfarmingconditionsintropicalcountries.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明
文,介绍了科学家发现在艾罗科树的帮助下,微生物可以用来将二氧化碳转化为石灰石,这种方法可以用来处理温室气体。23.Thepassageismainlyintroducing.A.someusefulna
turalfungiandbacteriaB.anewwaytodealwithgreenhousegasemissionsC.anewlyfoundtreeinWestAfricaD.thesoilenrichinglimestonecre
atedbyscientists答案B解析主旨大意题。根据第一段首句可知,微生物是管理有害温室气体的农业新技术的核心,本文介绍的就是利用这种新技术处理温室气体的方法,故B项正确。24.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttinymicrobes?A.Mosttinymic
robeslikelivingindry,acidicsoil.B.CO2canbebrokendownbynaturalfungiandbacteria.C.Themoregreenhousegasis,themoreactivetinymicrobesbecome.D.Tiny
microbesgetalongwellwiththeIrokotreeinspecialsoil.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,当艾罗科树生长在干燥、酸性的土壤中并经过天然真菌和其他细菌的组合处理后,它不仅生长良好,还会在根部周围的土壤中产生矿
物质石灰石,由此可知,在某种特殊的土壤中,艾罗科树能够和微生物相处得很好,故D项正确。25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3probablyreferto
?A.Carbondioxide.B.Carbon.C.Soil.D.Limestone.答案C解析代词指代题。根据画线词前的“Inadditiontostoringcarboninthetrees’leavesandintheformoflimestone
,themineralinthesoilmakes”可知,除了在树叶和石灰石中储存碳外,土壤中的矿物质使土壤更适合农业生产,由此可知,it指代的就是前面提到的“土壤”,故C项正确。26.Accordingtothepas
sage,whatcanweinfer?A.Theactionofthetinymicrobescanincreasetheoxygenintheearth.B.ResearchershavedonetheexperimentontreesinAfric
aforthreeyears.C.Researcherstendtousenaturalpowertosolvetheirproblem.D.WestAfricaisoneofthemostpollutedareasa
llovertheworld.答案C解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“TheprojectexaminedseveralmicrobiologicalmethodsforlockingCO2aslimestone,andtheIroko
bacteriawayshowedthebestresults.”可知,该项目研究了多种将二氧化碳锁定为石灰石的微生物方法,其中艾罗科树和微生物的方法效果最好,再结合最后一段内容可知,研究人员倾向于使用自然力量来解决温室气体的问题,故C项正确。27
.Accordingtothepassage,theIrokobacteriamethod.A.canbeusedtoimprovethefarminglandB.cansavealotofseriouslydestroyedwoodsC.hasbeenpopularizedinBolivi
a,HaitiandIndiaD.shouldbespreadallaroundtheworldinthefuture答案A解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中DrBryneNgwenya的话可知,通过利用这种天然的石灰石生产过程,我们有了一种低技术、安全、易于操作的方法锁定大气中的
碳,同时改善热带国家的农业条件,由此可知,这种方法能够用于改善耕地,故A项正确。Ⅳ.完形填空(2019·四川成都毕业班摸底测试)InApril1952,Iwas11yearsoldandinthesixthgradeatanelementaryschool.Myteache
rwasMissPemberton.Itwasspellingbeetimeinourcity—studentswereissuedwithbrochuresofwordstostudyin28fortheclassspelldowns
(比赛).Theywouldleadtoaschoolwidecontestand29qualificationforthecitywidespellingbee,whereschool30competedforthe
31ofbeingthespellingchampionofHouston.Theday32theclassspellingbee,myyoungestbrotherwasplayingwithmatchesand33setafireinourapartment.Mymothermadeslee
pingarrangementsforallofusand34theschoolinthemorningtoinformMissPembertonoftheaccident,35thattheclassspellingbeewasthatd
ay.WhenIarrivedatschool,MissPemberton36measide.SheaskedifIwantedherto37thespellingbeetoanotherdaybecauseofmy38aboutthef
ire.Itoldherno.Thatday,Iwonthespellingbeeformyclass.Thenextweekwastheschoolspellingbee,withclasschampions39.Iwonagain!The40spellingb
eewasonemonthaway.EverySundayafternoon,MissPembertonwouldpickmeup,andwewouldgotoherhouse,whereshewouldhelpme41bycallingoutspellingw
ords.Afteracoupleof42,MissPembertonwould43metoRettig’sicecreamparlor,whereIcould44ahotchocolatesundae(圣代冰激凌)whichI’dneverh
ad.Wepracticedevery45untilthecitywidespellingbee.Ididnotwinthecitywidespellingbee,butIstillfelt46tohaveparticipated.I
alsofeltgratefulthatIhadsucha47teacherinelementaryschool.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,文章主要讲述了十一岁时“我”参加拼字比赛的故事。28.A.needB.exchangeC.preparatio
nD.return答案C解析根据该句中的“studentswereissuedwithbrochuresofwordstostudyinfortheclassspelldowns(比赛)”可知,老师给学生们分发了单词手册,以便他们为班级拼字比赛做准备。
inpreparationfor为固定搭配,意为“为……做准备”,故C项正确。29.A.actualB.finalC.hopefulD.lucky答案B解析根据该句中的“Theywouldleadtoaschoolwidecontestandqualificationfo
rthecitywidespellingbee”可知,班级比赛后便是校级比赛,最后选出参加市级比赛的合格人选。B项意为“最后的”,符合语境。30.A.studentsB.participantsC.winnersD.teams答案C解析
结合该句中的“whereschoolcompetedfortheofbeingthespellingchampionofHouston”可以判断,学校的获胜者们将为休斯敦市拼字比赛的冠军荣誉而竞争。C项意为“获胜者”,符合语境。31.A.prizeB.ben
efitC.fameD.honor答案D解析参见上题解析。honor荣誉,符合语境,故D项正确。prize奖励;benefit好处;fame名声。32.A.beforeB.afterC.duringD.for答案A解析根据语境可知,在参加班级拼字比赛的前一天,“我”最小的弟弟在家里玩火柴意外地引
发了一场火灾。A项意为“在……以前”,符合语境。33.A.stupidlyB.successfullyC.shortlyD.accidentally答案D解析参见上题解析。accidentally意外地,偶然地,
符合语境,故D项正确。stupidly愚蠢地;successfully成功地;shortly不久,很快。34.A.visitedB.calledC.emailedD.wrote答案B解析“我”妈妈安排好我们睡觉的地方,第二天早上就打电话将
这次事故告诉了Pemberton老师。B项意为“打电话”,符合语境。35.A.believingB.hopingC.knowingD.telling答案C解析“我”妈妈在告诉老师这次事故时知道了班级的拼字比赛就在那天
。know知道,了解,符合语境,故C项正确。36.A.pulledB.droveC.leftD.helped答案A解析根据该句“WhenIarrivedatschool,MissPembertonmeaside.”并结合下文内容可知,Pemberton老师在“我”到学校时将“我”
拉到一边,询问“我”的情况。pull拉,符合语境。37.A.calloffB.takeoffC.putoffD.sendoff答案C解析根据上下文可知,此处指老师问“我”是否想让她把拼字比赛推迟到另一天,因为我对那场火灾的烦恼。putoff推迟,符合语境。38.A.upsetB
.curiosityC.doubtD.anger答案A解析参见上题解析。upset意为“不痛快,烦闷”,符合语境,故A项正确。39.A.waitingB.competingC.winningD.applying答案B解析根据语境
可知,下一周校级拼字比赛上,所有班级的获胜者参与竞争(compete),故B项正确。第一段最后一句中的“competed”亦是提示。40.A.schoolwideB.citywideC.nationwideD.worldwide答案B解析根据上文的“thecitywidespe
llingbee”和下文的“untilthecitywidespellingbee”可知,此处表示市级拼字比赛一个月后进行。citywide全市范围的,故B项正确。41.A.reviewB.rememberC.lear
nD.practice答案D解析根据该句中的“bycallingoutspellingwords”和下文中的“Wepracticed”可知,Pemberton老师帮助“我”练习(practice),故D项正确。42.A.minutesB.hoursC.d
aysD.weeks答案B解析根据语境可知,此处指在练习几个小时后,Pemberton老师会将“我”带到Rettig冰激凌店。hour小时,故B项正确。43.A.rushB.dragC.takeD.send答案C解析参见上题解析。takesb.tosomeplace为固定搭配,意为“
将某人带到某地”,故C项正确。44.A.orderB.useC.makeD.enjoy答案D解析在Rettig冰激凌店“我”可以享用(enjoy)从来没有品尝过的一种热巧克力圣代冰激凌。故D项正确。45.A.weekendB.afternoonC.momentD.night答案
A解析根据该段第一句中的“EverySundayafternoon”,再结合该句“Wepracticedeveryuntilthecitywidespellingbee.”可知,我们每个周末(weekend
)都练习,直到市级拼字比赛。故A项正确。46.A.proudB.welcomeC.disappointedD.surprised答案A解析根据后文的“Ialsofeltgrateful...”可推知,尽管“我”没有在市级拼字比赛中获胜,但是“我”仍然为参加了这次比赛而感
到骄傲。proud自豪的,骄傲的,故A项正确。47.A.successfulB.patientC.professionalD.caring答案D解析由全文内容可知,此处指“我”对有这样一位关心他人的(c
aring)小学老师充满感激,故D项正确。