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第二节非谓语动词考向分析热考点语法填空主要考查作宾语、状语、宾补及定语；非谓语作主语一般不直接考查，而是结合主谓一致考查。短文改错考查基本用法：介词后用v.­ing；todo作宾补；v.­ing作状语；形容词化的v.­ing和v.­ed的区别

。新考向2019高考全国卷加强了对非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语和定语的考查。题型一关于非谓语动词的语法填空1．Scientistshaverespondedby(note)thathungrybearsmaybec

ongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案noting解析考查非谓语动词。介词by后应用v.­ing形式作宾语，故填noting。2．A90­year­oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear

”for(be)Britain’soldestfull­timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.(2019·全国Ⅱ)答案being解析考查非谓语动词。介词for后应用v.­ing形式作宾语，故

填being。3．Butsomestudentsdidn’twant(wear)theuniform.(2019·浙江)答案towear解析考查非谓语动词。want后加不定式作宾语，构成wanttodos

th.“想要做某事”。故填towear。4．Istillremember(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.(

2018·浙江)答案visiting解析考查动名词作宾语。rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事。5．Youmaydrink，smoke，beoverweightandstillreduceyo

urriskof(die)earlybyrunning.(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案dying解析考查非谓语动词。介词of后接动词时要用其动名词形式，故填dying。6．Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmy

headtoavoid(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged.(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案looking解析考查非谓语动词。avoid后接动名词作宾语。avoiddoingsth.避免做某事。7．Fastfoodisfu

lloffatandsalt；by(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案eating解析考查非谓语动词。表示方式的介词by后接动名词作宾语。故填eat

ing。8．Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.(2017·全国Ⅱ)答案lay

ing解析考查非谓语动词。included后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式。9．ButSarah，whohastakenpa

rtinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wants(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017·全国Ⅲ)答案toprove解析考查固定搭配。wanttodosth.想要做某事，为固定搭配。

1．介词后跟v.­ing构成介宾结构：by/of/from/with/without/after等。2．需加v.­ing作宾语的动词(词组)：avoid，enjoy，finish，admit，consider，esc

ape，advise，suggest，mind，include，keep，recommend，practice，imagine，dreamof，setabout等。3．to为介词的短语：be/get/becomeusedtodoing习惯于beaccu

stomedtodoing习惯于beaddictedtodoing沉溺于；对……上瘾beopposedtodoing反对objecttodoing反对devoteoneselfto献身于；专心于bedevotedto致力于；忠诚于beadmittedto被……

录取；准许进入leadtodoing导致contributetodoing贡献；导致；促进lookforwardtodoingsth.期待做某事sticktodoingsth.坚持做某事beequaltosth.

胜任做某事haveaccessto有接近(某物的)方法attachgreatimportancetodoingsth.重视做某事getdowntodoingsth.开始做某事thekey/approachtodoingsth.

做某事的关键/方法whenitcomesto当谈到4．需加todo作宾语的动词：agree，afford，attempt，choose，decide，determine，expect，fail，hope，manage，offer，pretend，plan，promise

，refuse，want，wish，wouldlike等。接todo与v.­ing含义有区别的动词：①trytodosth.尽力做某事/trydoingsth.试着去做某事②meantodosth.打算去做某事/meandoingsth.意味着做某事③reg

rettodosth.遗憾要去做某事/regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事④remembertodosth.记得要去做某事/rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事⑤forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事/forgetdoingsth.忘记做过了某事⑥st

optodosth.停下去做别的事/stopdoingsth.停下正在做的事⑦goontodosth.接着做另外的事/goondoingsth.继续做原来的事⑧can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住/忍不住做

某事/can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事/havenochoicebuttodosth.别无选择只能做某事1．Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrenedeclareds

hehadnoplans(retire)fromher36­year­oldbusiness.(2019·全国Ⅱ)答案toretire解析考查不定式作定语。此处用todosth.作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填toret

ire。2．Whenwegotacall(say)shewasshort­listed，wethoughtitwasajoke.(2019·全国Ⅱ)答案saying解析考查非谓语动词。动词say与其逻辑主语acall之间是逻辑上的主

谓关系，故此处用现在分词作后置定语，故填saying。3．Onthelastdayofourweek­longstay，wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulf

armontheNorthShoreunderthestars，(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案listening解析考查非谓语动词。本句谓语

动词为“wereinvited”，所以listen应用非谓语动词形式。we与listento之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作伴随状语。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后的meetinginterestinglocals为分词形式，故空格处填list

ening。4．Nervously(face)challenges，IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”．(2019·北京)答案facing解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知

，空处为非谓语动词作状语，非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语I，主语I与动词face之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。5．EarthDay，(mark)on22April，isanannualeventaimingtorais

epublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.(2019·北京)答案marked解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：地球日即4月22日，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动

。根据句意以及句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作定语；动词mark与EarthDay之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。6．(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment，manyseniorcitizens

startedtousesmartphones.(2019·江苏)答案Toenjoy解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：为了享受电子支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。分析句子结构可知，这里表示目的，故用不定式作目的状语。故选A。7．China’simageisimprovingsteadily

，withmorecountries(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.(2019·江苏)答案recognizing解析考查with复合结构。分析句子可知，此处是with复合结构，动词

recognize与其逻辑主语countries之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。8．China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullesso

nsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide，”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.(2018·全国Ⅱ)答案feeding解析考查非谓语动词之现在分词。China与feed是主动关系，所以用“连

词＋现在分词”形式作状语。9．Oncehismessagewasdelivered，heallowedme(stay)andwatch.(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案tostay解析考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。allowsb.tod

osth.允许某人做某事，为固定搭配。10．Ordinarysoap，(use)correctly，candealwithbacteriaeffectively.(2018·北京)答案used解析因为句子中已有谓语动词，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。句子的主语与use之间是被动关系，因此应用过去分

词，即过去分词作状语，usedcorrectly相当于ifitisusedcorrectly这个条件状语从句的省略形式。句意为：普通的肥皂，如果使用得当，可以有效地清除细菌。11．IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotogra

ph(take)．(2018·天津)答案taken解析句意为：我需要一个新护照，因此我得去让人给我照相。本题考查havesth.done结构，意为“让别人做某事，让……被做”。myphotograph与take之间是被动关系，故需用take的过去分词形式。12．Theya

rerequired(process)thefoodthatweeat，torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案toprocess解析考查非谓语动词之动词

不定式。requiresth.todosth.需要某物做某事，此处用了被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式toprocess作主语补足语。1．非谓语动词和其逻辑主语构成一定的关系：v.­ing表示主动、进行；v.­ed表示被动、完成，todo表将来。

①非谓语作定语，逻辑主语是所修饰的名词。②非谓语作状语，逻辑主语往往是句子的主语。③非谓语作宾补，逻辑主语是宾语。2．提分小诀窍：①结果状语a．v.­ing表示自然而然的结果。b．todo表出乎意料的结果，往往构成onlytodo结构。②todo作目的状语往往不和主句用

逗号隔开；v.­ing作伴随、时间、条件或结果状语，往往用逗号与主句隔开。③todo作宾补的动词asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事forb

idsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事permitsb.todosth.允许某人做某事persuadesb.todosth.说服某人做某事tellsb.

todosth.告诉某人做某事④感官使役动词感官使役动词5看lookatsb.do(省略to的不定式)sb.doingsth.doneseewatchnoticeobserve3使makelethave2听hearlis

tento1感feel特殊4findsb.doingsth.发现某人正在做某事sth.done发现某事被做catchsb.doingsth.当场抓住某人做某事keepsb./sth.doingsth.让

某人/某物持续做某事oneselfdone让某人自己……leavesb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事sth.undone留下某事未做1getsth.done＝havesth.done使……由别人去做sb.doing

sth.使某人开始做某事sb.todosth.＝havesb.dosth.使某人做某事⑤todo作定语thefirst，second(序数词)，next，only或者形容词最高级，需要用todo作定语。有些名词后跟不定式作宾语

，即：promise，plan，attempt，offer，decision，ability，chance，way，aim，goal，ambition，purpose，willingness等。⑥with的复合结构with

＋宾语＋doing(表示主动且进行)with＋宾语＋done(表示被动且完成)with＋宾语＋todo(表示将来)1．Onourwaytothehouse，itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake(get)the

re.(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案toget解析考查动词不定式。此处是句式“Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.”表示“某人花费多长时间做某事”，其中it为形式主语，todo不定式为真正的主语。故填toget。2．(learn)tothinkcriticallyi

sanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.(2019·天津)答案Learning解析考查动名词。分析句子结构可知，主句的谓语动词是is，is之前的内容是主语，故此处应用动名词短语作主语。3．Iquicklyl

owermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel(challenge)．(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案challenged解析考查形容词化的v.­ed

。连系动词feel后要接形容词作表语。challengedadj.受到挑战的；challengingadj.困难的，富有挑战性的。由语境可知，填challenged。4．Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto(become)commonform

anyyoungpeopleinrecentyears，it’snotwithoutacost.(2018·浙江)答案havebecome解析根据语境和时间状语inrecentyears可知，此处应该用现在完成时，说明造成的结果或

影响，即havebecome。5．(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.(2018·北京)答案Traveling解析考查动名词。分析句子结构可知，主句的谓语

动词是is，is之前的内容是主语，故此处应用动名词短语作主语。6．Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportantthings？(2016·上海)答案annoyed解析考查形容词化的v.­ed。

形容词annoyed表示“恼怒的，烦恼的”，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。本句中该词和impatient一起与系动词get构成系表结构。1．非谓语作主语确定谓语动词，然后确定是否是非谓语动词作主语。v.­ing表一般习惯性的动作；todo表具体的动作。2．

系动词(4个)seem，appear，prove，turnout和抽象名词(5个)aim，goal，ambition，purpose，wish后用不定式作表语。3．设空前为系动词，含be，get，go，feel，grow，become，seem，后面非谓

语的形式根据含义选择v.­ing或者v.­ed。4．形容词化的v.­ing，表示名词的属性，表“令人……的”人或物；形容词化的v.­ed，表示名词的心理状态。翻译成：“感到……的”；一般修饰voice，look，expression时，其前往往用v.­ed形式

，表示内心的感受。amusing有趣的amused感到有趣的boring令人厌倦的bored厌倦的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged受到鼓励的frightening令人害怕的frightened害怕的

disappointing令人失望的disappointed失望的shocking令人震惊的shocked震惊的terrifying令人害怕的terrified非常害怕的annoy

ing令人烦恼的annoyed烦恼的confusing令人困惑的confused困惑的discouraging令人泄气的discouraged泄气的inspiring令人鼓舞的inspired受到鼓舞的

puzzling使人迷惑的puzzled迷惑的1．Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid­1980s，andareexpensi

ve(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案toperform解析考查非谓语动词。本句含有“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，主语通常是不定式动作的承受者，不

定式用主动形式表示被动含义。故填toperform。2．Ididn’tmean(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp(try)it.(2018·天津)答案toeat；trying

解析句意为：我没打算吃东西，但这冰激凌看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住尝了下。meantodosth.打算做某事；meandoingsth.意味着做某事；can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住/忍不住做某事；can’thelp(to)dosth

.不能帮助做某事。3．Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16­year­oldSarahisnotspendinghalf­term(rest)．(2017·全国Ⅲ)答案resting解析考查固定搭配。spendtime

(in)doingsth.“花时间做某事”为固定搭配。4．Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice，you’llbelesslikely_________(b

ring)yourworkhome.(2016·全国Ⅱ)答案tobring解析考查不定式的用法。belikelytodosth.很可能做某事。5．Ittookyearsofwork(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthe

water.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)答案toreduce解析此处为固定句式“Ittakes(sb.)sometimetodosth.”这个句式里it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。1．todo①enoughtodosth.足够(……)去做某事②belikelytodos

th.很可能做某事③too...to...太……而不能……④beusedtodosth.被用来做某事⑤bedesignedtodosth.被设计用来做某事⑥beintendedtodosth.打算做某事⑦tendto倾向于⑧betoblame应受责备(无被动)⑨a

imtodosth.旨在做某事⑩beeagertodosth.渴望做某事⑪thefirst/last(序数词)todosth.第一个/最后一个做某事的人⑫theaim/ability/chance/opportun

ity/plan/promise/purpose/ambition/goal/targettodosth.做某事的目的/能力/机会/计划/承诺/目的/雄心/目标⑬can’t/canhardlywaittodosth.迫不及待做某事⑭Thereisnoneedtodosth.没有必要做某事。⑮

Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.某人花多少时间做某事。⑯sb./sth.besaid/besupposed/believed/bethought/known/reportedtodo/tobedone/tohavedone据说/认

为/报道某人/某物……⑰itremainstobeseen...尚待分晓；拭目以待2．v.­ing①be(well)worthdoingsth.值得做某事②can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事③havefundoingsth.做某

事很开心④feellikedoingsth.想做某事⑤getusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事⑥It’snouse/good/pleasure(in)doingsth.做某事没有用处/好处/乐趣⑦havedifficulty/tro

uble(in)doingsth.做某事有困难⑧haveadifficult/hardtime(in)doingsth.做某事有困难⑨bebusy(in)doingsth.忙于做某事⑩spendmoney/time(

in)doingsth.花费金钱或时间做某事⑪prevent/stop...(from)doingsth.阻止……做某事⑫aimatdoingsth.旨在做某事⑬succeed(in)doingsth.成功地做

成了某事⑭Thereisnosense/point(in)doingsth.做某事没有意义。⑮主语＋be＋adj.＋todo句型适用于此结构的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，important，imp

ossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，dangerous等。题型二关于非谓语动词的短文改错1．Allthefootballplayersonthep

laygroundcheeredloudly，saythatIhadatalentforfootball.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案say→saying解析考查现在分词。句中的say与其逻辑主语Allthefootballplayers之间是主动关系，且其表示的动作与谓语动作同

时发生，应用现在分词作状语，表示伴随状况。故将say改为saying。2．Everyonewassilent，waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisorherpara

graphaloud.(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案wait→waiting解析考查非谓语动词。Everyonewassilent句子主系表结构完整，没有并列连词和从句引导词，所以wait应该用非谓语形式。Everyone和wait之间是主动关系，所以用waiting作伴随状语

。3．Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ)答案Have→Having解析考查非谓语动词。“Haveteainthelateafternoon”是本句话的主语，

动词原形不可以作主语，应将“Have”改成“Having”。根据句子结构判定：首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时，动词必定用作非谓语动词；当动词确定是非谓语动词时，要根据非谓语动词和它的逻辑主

语之间的关系来判断是用现在分词还是用过去分词或不定式。1．Iwantmycafehaveaspecialthemesuchas“TangDynasty”．(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案have前加to解析考查固定搭

配。wantsb./sth.todosth.“想要某人/某物做某事”。故在have前加to。2．NomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem，myparentswouldnotle

tme.(2018·全国Ⅱ)答案watching→watch解析考查固定搭配。asktodosth.要求做某事。3．Someofuswereconfidentandeagertakepartintheclassactivity；others

werenervousandanxious.(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案eager后加to解析考查固定搭配。(be)eagertodosth.渴望做某事，为固定搭配。1．help(to)do,to可省2．感官和使役动词：5看lookat,see，watch,no

tice，observe3使make，let,have2听hear，listento1感feel注意：后接不定式作宾补，省略to；但是变为被动的时候，需要补上to。3．常考点：asksb.todosth.，invitesb.todosth.，beeagertodost

h.,promisetodosth.，情态动词＋(not)＋动词原形(不能有to)1．IfIsucceedinmanageone，Iwillopenmore.(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案manage→managing解析考查固定搭配。

succeed(in)doingsth.成功做成某事。故把manage改为managing。2．Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish

.(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案sell→selling解析考查非谓语动词。by是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故把sell改为selling。3．Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeand

takeatrip.(2016·全国Ⅱ)答案take→taking解析考查非谓语动词。此处为between...and...结构，根据前面的stayingathome可知，此处也要用动名词形式，与前面保持一致。介词后＋v.­ing：by/of/from

/with/without/after等。1．Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案interesting→interested解析考查形容词化的分词。句意为：多亏一个偶然的事件

，我对踢足球产生了兴趣。interesting“有趣的，吸引人的”，通常描述事物；interested“感兴趣的”，通常描述人的感受。本句主语是人，故把interesting改为interested。2．OnewasthatIwasamazinga

tthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.(2019·全国Ⅱ)答案amazing→amazed解析考查形容词化的分词。amazed吃惊的，

惊讶的；amazing令人吃惊的，令人惊讶的。v.­ed形容词说明人的感受，意为“感到……的”；v.­ing形容词描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，此处说明主语I的感受，故用v.­ed形式的形容词。3．Intheirsparetime，t

heyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，whichisontherooftopoftheirhouse.(2017·全国Ⅱ)答案interesting→interested解析

考查形容词化的分词。interesting意为“有趣的”，多指事物；interested意为“感兴趣的”，多指人。该句的主语是they，故用interested。beinterestedin对……感兴趣。1．形容词化的v.­i

ng，表示“令人……的”，常修饰物。2．形容词化的v.­ed，表示“感到……的”，常修饰人。3．特别注意的几个词汇：voice，look，expression，其前往往用v.­ed修饰，表示内心的感受。增分训

练增分单句训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Toguaranteethesafetyofthepalace，festivalorganizers(plan)thisyear’sLanternFestivaleventusedLEDlightsratherthantraditiona

lpaperlanternsandredcandles.(2019·湖北八校联考)答案planning解析考查非谓语动词。句子的主语为festivalorganizers，谓语动词为used，由此确定plan需要用非谓语形式。plan和其逻辑主语，即句子

的主语festivalorganizers构成主动关系，所以应该用v.­ing形式。2．TheeffectwassowonderfulthatDaShuhua(非遗——打树花)graduallygainedmoreappealthanfirecrackers，(attra

ct)manypeopleinthecelebration.(2019·河南百校联盟质检)答案attracting解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词形式。DaShuhua与attract之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用

v.­ing形式。3．Thereareplentyofbreathtakingwalkstochoosefromwhichwillleadyou(discover)Dartmoofsancientandrugged(崎岖的)ch

arm！(2019·河南六市联考)答案todiscover解析考查非谓语动词。固定短语：leadsb.todosth.“引导某人做某事”。故填todiscover。4．Iturgesallcountriestomakedecision

sandtakeimmediateactiontostopitfrom(pollute)anymore.(2019·辽宁抚顺模拟)答案beingpolluted解析考查非谓语动词。介词from后接动名词作宾语，it与pollute之间是被动关系，故填beingpolluted。5

．Joeoffered(pay)thedriver，gotoutofthetaxi，andranalongthepavementandpastalltheshopwindows.(2019·东北三省四市一模)答案topay解析考查不定式。此处表示“乔主动提出付司机钱”。offertodosth.

主动做某事。故填topay。6．FromMay20toJune2，morethan50shows(select)nationwidewillbeperformedinnineteenmajortheatersinShanghai.(201

9·山东济南三模)答案selected解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，主语为morethan50shows，谓语动词为willbeperformed。select只能用作非谓语，select和其逻辑主语morethan50shows构成被动关系，所以用过去分词selected。7．Iwon’

tcallmyselfthemostaccomplishedpersonwhenitcomesto(hold)chopsticks.(2019·湖北武汉外国语学校质检)答案holding解析考查固定搭配。when

itcomesto意为“当提到……”，to是介词，其后应该用v.­ing形式。8．Theeventservesnotonlyasaspectacularceremonytomemorizetheworld­famousChinesephilosopher，butachance(celebra

te)Chineseculturetogetherwithotherlocalcommunities，saidWangLizhi，presidentofAmericaEastShandongAssociation(AESA)

．(2019·吉林辽源二模)答案tocelebrate解析考查不定式短语作后置定语。chance后面需要用todo作定语。9．Often(consider)themostimportantmealoftheyear，thereuniondinnerisbot

hdeliciousandrootedinChinesetradition.(2019·湖北武汉调研)答案considered解析考查非谓语动词。通过分析可知，句子的谓语是is。此处没有并列连词，没有从句引导词，所以consider需要用非谓语形式，和句子的主语thereuni

ondinner构成被动关系，所以用过去分词considered。10．EverytimeIgointohisoffice，it’sinahugemess，withcomputers(pull)apartan

dpiecesoftelescopealloverhisdesk.(2019·广西南宁适应性测试)答案pulled解析考查with的复合结构。pullapart(拆开)和宾语computer是被动的关系，所以应该填过去分词pulled。Ⅱ.易错练习1．Chi

nesePresidentXiJinpingmadethepraiseinaletter(write)tothestudentsinBeijing’sBayiSchoolonSaturday.(2019·安徽宣城二模)答案

written解析考查非谓语动词。句中的名词letter与write之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。句意为：周六，国家主席习近平在写给北京八一学校学生的一封信中做出了表扬。故填written。2．Driversarenottheonlyones(blame)

fortheirresponsibilitythatleadstomanyautomobileaccidents.答案toblame解析考查非谓语作定语。(be)toblame(forsth.)结构表示“应受责备”，没有被动形式。3．Ateam(lead)by

researchersfromtheUniversityofExeteranalyzedUKBiobankdata(基因数据库)frommorethan48,000peoplewithdepressionandcomparedthemtoanothergroupofmorethan

290,000people.(2019·福建厦门一模)答案led解析考查非谓语动词。空后是by，被动标志词，空前的team与动词lead之间构成被动关系，“由研究者所带领的团队”，过去分词作后置定语修饰前面的名词，故填led。4．Whi

le(swim)，Myles,myfour­year­oldsonhadsomehowleftthekids’areaandgotintotheadults’pool.(2019·山西实验中学质检)答案swimming解析

考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为状语从句的省略，补充完整为WhileMyleswasswimming，此处省略了主语和be动词。故填swimming。5．(build)over2,200yearsagoinwhat

isnowSichuanProvinceinSouthwestChina，thisamazingengineeringachievementisstillusedtoday.(2019·甘肃天水一中三模)答案Built解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，逗号前的部分在句中

作状语。主语thisamazingengineeringachievement与build之间为被动关系，且由时间状语over2,200yearsago可知，动作发生在过去，故用build的过去分词形式。故填Built。Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1．Accordingt

oapaperpublishingin2017，pigscantellbetweenthosewhotreatthemwellandthosewhodon’t.(2019·湖北黄冈高三联考)答案publishi

ng→published解析publish与其逻辑主语apaper(论文)之间构成被动关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。2．I’mlookingforwardtothesummervacation.HowexciteditwillbetobuylovelyTintinproducts!(2019·

河北唐山三模)答案excited→exciting解析it是形式主语，真正的主语是tobuylovelyTintinproducts，所以应该用exciting，表示令人兴奋的。3．Afterthat，avolunteera

ctivitywilltakeplaceinthenearbycommunity，offertheAmericanstudentsanopportunitytoknowmoreaboutChinaandmakefriendswithChinesestudents.答案offer→offeri

ng解析分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是willtakeplace，且句中没有并列连词，也没有从句，那么offer应该用非谓语形式。offer与其逻辑主语avolunteeractivity之间是主动关系，故用offer

ing。4．Alwaysgetthelightscheckingatleastonceaweekandmakesurethefloorisdryallthetime.(2019·安徽定远二模)答案checking→checked解析此处考查“get＋宾语＋宾补”的结构。

check和宾语lights之间构成被动关系，所以用checked。5．Afterfallingoffandclimbbackontotheboardmanytimes，Ieventuallymadei

tandIreallyenjoyedtherestofmytimeonthewater.(2019·辽宁大连二模)答案climb→climbing解析after后面需要用v.­ing形式。and连接的两个并列成分在形式上要一致，由fa

lling也可推知，此处应用climbing。6．Thepoemrhymeisveryshort，whichmakesiteasyunderstand.(2019·山东郓城一中三模)答案understand前加to解析此处it是形式宾语，todo不定式作真正的宾语。7．W

henwedroveupthemountain，Ifoundthetopcoveringwithsnowandice！(2019·湘赣十四校联考)答案covering→covered解析此处是“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构。cover和宾语thetop之间构成被动关

系，所以用covered。8．Lookedatmyworkwithsatisfaction，Icouldn’thelpimagininghowdelightedmygrandmawouldbe.(2019·湖南怀化二模)答案Looked→

Looking解析分析句子可知，look需用非谓语动词形式。look和句子的主语I之间构成主动关系，所以用looking。9．Atthismoment，Ifoundthecitywassointeresting.HowIregretignoreitsbeautybefore!答案i

gnore→ignoring解析此处表示我后悔以前忽视了它的美。所以应该用regretdoingsth.“后悔做了某事”。10．I’msurethatbylearnChinesecalligraphy，youwillhaveabetterunder

standingofChineseculturethaneverbefore.(2019·安徽淮北、宿州二模)答案learn→learning解析介词后需要用v.­ing构成介宾结构。增分写作训练——非谓语动词在写作中的应用

非谓语动词是高中阶段的重点语法，如能应用在写作中便能够为你的作文增光添彩。请按括号内的要求升级一下下列句式。1．Firstofall,IhavelivedinChinaforsixteenyearsandhavelearntEnglishsinceIwasachild

，soIhaveagoodcommandofEnglishandChinese.(v.­ing作状语)(2019·全国Ⅰ)Firstofall，havinglivedinChinaforsixteenyearsandhavinglearntEnglishsinceIw

asachild，IhaveagoodcommandofEnglishandChinese.2．Irepresentmywholeclass，andwouldliketoinviteyoutotakepartinourmusicfestival.(v.­ing作状语)(

2019·全国Ⅲ)Representingmywholeclass，Iwouldliketoinviteyoutotakepartinourmusicfestival.3．Wearefullypreparedforthecompetitionandwehavefait

hthatwewillwin.(v.­ed作状语，v.­ing作宾语)(2019·全国Ⅱ)Fullypreparedforthecompetition，wehavefaithinourwinningthecompetition.强化练(四)

Ⅰ.语法填空(2019·甘肃兰州实战考试)WhatisReading?Readingisactuallyaverycomplexprocessthatrequiresagreatdealofactive1.(partici

pate)onthepartofthereader.Itisanactivethinkingprocessinvolvingtheinteractionbetweenthereaderandtheprint.Thatistosay，therea

der’sformerknowledgeaboutthetopicto2.(read)andhislanguageknowledge(vocabularyandgrammar)directlyaffecthisunderstandingof

thereadingmaterialand3.turn，thenewinformationaboutthetopic4.(contain)inthereadingmaterialwillenlargethereader’sformerknowledge.Readingisaveryimporta

nt5.(mean)ofgainingknowledgeaboutculture，custom，science，educationandtechnologyfromothersorothercountries.Itisagoodwayoflearningthemostadva

ncedhightechnology6.(serve)theneedsofthesocialdevelopmentandtheinterestsofourpeople.Readingis7.inseparablecomponentoftheEnglishlearn

ing.Weshouldlaysolidfoundationsforouradvancededucation，andwecanmasterthelanguagebyreading8.(large)．However，itisaverycomplexac

tivity9.involvesalmostallpsychologicalprocesses10.(include)sensation，perception，motorbehavior，motivation

，attention，emotion，cognitionandallkindsofmemory.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阅读的定义及其重要性。1．答案participation解析考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此处

指的是需要大量的主动参与，所以要用其名词形式participation。2．答案beread解析考查非谓语动词。根据句子的结构可以判断出，此处是动词不定式作后置定语，且thetopic和read是逻辑上的被动关系，故填beread。3．答案in解析考查固定搭配。短语in

turn“相应地；轮流地；依次地”，符合语境。4．答案contained解析考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，thetopic与contain之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，要用过去分词作后置定语。5．答案means解析考查名词

。根据句意可知，空处应填means“方法，手段”，此词作此意讲时单复数同形。6．答案toserve解析考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，此处要用动词不定式作目的状语，目的是服务于社会发展的需要和人民的利

益。7．答案an解析考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，“阅读是英语学习的一个不可分割的组成部分”；又因为inseparable的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。8．答案largely解析考查词性转换。根据句子结构可知，此处要用副词修饰动词read，故用largely。9．答案that/whic

h解析考查关系代词。根据句子的结构可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词是activity，关系词在从句中作主语且指物，要用关系代词that/which。10．答案including解析考查词性转换。根据句

子的结构可知，此处指的是“包括……在内”，所以要用介词including。Ⅱ.短文改错11(2019·重庆调研)Ihavemanyfriends，butMaryismybestfriend.Sheisno

tonlyverybeautiful，andalsoverykind­hearted.Wemeeteachotheratjuniorhighschool.Shewasshortestinourclassatthattime.Sheiswellatstudyingandplayin

gthepiano，butbadfordancing.WhateverIfeelunhappy，shewillkeepuscompany.NomatterwhatdifficultyIhave，shewillhelpmeovercomingthem.Itisshewhomakesme

torealizethatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.答案Ihavemanyfriends，butMaryismybestfriend.Sheisnotonlyverybeautiful，andbut

alsoverykind­hearted.Wemeetmeteachotheratjuniorhighschool.Shewas∧theshortestinourclassatthattime.Sheiswellgoodatstudyingandplayingthepia

no，butbadforatdancing.WhateverWheneverIfeelunhappy，shewillkeepusmecompany.NomatterwhatdifficultydifficultiesIhave，s

hewillhelpmeovercomingovercomethem.Itisshewhomakesmetorealizethatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.12(2019·广东佛山质检)ThebestgiftIhaveeverreceivedisa

hand­madecalendar.ItwasmadeupbymybestfriendJane，withwhoIhavesomuchincommon.Oneachpageofthecalendar，thereisthepictur

eofuswithsomewordwrittenbyJane.Sheeithertellsmewhatshefeelsaboutourfriendshiporencouragesmetrymybestandliveahappylife.Whenever

Ilookatthecalendar，Iamtouchedbysomethingwarmly，andmyheartisfillingwithlove.Thisgiftisamemoryofthewonderf

ultimeIspendwithJaneinjuniorhighschoolandIwillkeepthemforever.答案ThebestgiftIhaveeverreceivedisahand­madecalendar.Itwasmadeupbymybestfrie

ndJane，withwhowhomIhavesomuchincommon.Oneachpageofthecalendar，thereistheapictureofuswithsomewordwordswrittenbyJane.Sheeithert

ellsmewhathowshefeelsaboutourfriendshiporencouragesme∧totrymybestandliveahappylife.WheneverIlookatthecalendar，Iamtouchedbysomethin

gwarmlywarm，andmyheartisfillingfilledwithlove.ThisgiftisamemoryofthewonderfultimeIspendspentwithJaneinjuniorhi

ghschoolandIwillkeepthemitforever.Ⅲ.阅读理解(2019·山东菏泽一中最后一模)Everymandreamsofhavingagoodcar.Withluxurycars，likeBentley，Lambor

ghiniandRolls­Royce，goingintotheworldofSUVs，ifyouhavedeeppockets，youwillbespoiltforchoice.◆LamborghiniAventadorSVJUsinganewaerodyna

micsystemallowsittosetacarlaprecordof6∶4497atNurburgring，oneofthelongestandmostchallengingcircuitsintheworld.Plus，carbonfibercanbeseeneve

rywhere，whichmakesthecarstrongandlightweight.There’reonly900beingbuiltandyou’llneedtocoughup$517,770tobuyone.◆Asto

nMartinDBXTheDBXisAstonMartin’smaidenSUVproduct.Itfeaturesachoiceoftwogasengines—a4.0­literV8fromMercedesanda5.2­literV12fromitsown.Thepriceispredict

edtobearound$250,000.◆AudiE­tronBeinganeco­friendlymotoring，itisanall­electricSUVthatmakesupforitsratherordinaryap

pearancewithdesign，luxuryandtechnology.Atthefrontandbackareelectricmotorswhichinsureprogressisrapid.Inadditiontoplentyofstoragespace，theAudiE­tronp

rovidessidecamerasinsteadofsidemirrorsandairsuspensionthatadaptstotheterrain(地形)．Handover$74,800andit’syours.◆TeslaRoadsterTeslaRoadsterwillturnmost

heads，andZeroto60in1.9secondsmeansitwillleavemostcarsfordust.Thetopspeedis250mph，whichisalsounheardof

formostcars—letaloneanall­electricone.HavingadvancedautonomousdrivingsystemsandahugetouchscreenforsurfingtheInternet，itwon’tmakeyouregretforpaying$

200,000.语篇解读这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四款豪华汽车的卖点以及价格。13．What’sspecialaboutLamborghiniAventadorSVJ?A．Itofferstwogasengi

nes.B．Itisanall­electricSUV.C．Ituseslightweightmaterials.D．Ithasthemostchallengingcircuit.答案C解析细节理解题。由“LamborghiniAve

ntadorSVJ”下的“Plus，carbonfibercanbeseeneverywhere，whichmakesthecarstrongandlightweight.”可知，碳纤维是这种车使用的主要材料，这使得这种车很结实而且重量轻。也就是说车使用的是轻型材料。故选C。

14．Whichcarissuitableifyouwantonewithadaptableairsuspension?A．LamborghiniAventadorSVJ.B．AstonMartinDBX.C．AudiE­tron.D．TeslaRoadster.

答案C解析细节理解题。由第三个小标题下的“Inadditiontoplentyofstoragespace，theAudiE­tronprovidessidecamerasinsteadofsidemirror

sandairsuspensionthatadaptstotheterrain(地形)．”可知选C。15．WhichofthefollowingdoesTeslaRoadsterprovide?A．Self­drivingsystems.B．Agas­savingengine.

C．Sidecameras.D．Muchstoragespace.答案A解析细节理解题。由问题中的“TeslaRoadster”将答案定位在第四个小标题下。由本段中的“Havingadvancedautonomousdrivings

ystemsand...”可知，TeslaRoadster拥有先进的自动驾驶系统。故选A。Ⅳ.完形填空(2019·河北石家庄摸底测试)OnmywaybackhomeIwasstoppedattrafficlightsbysomepeoplewhoaskedforhelp.A

woman—inherattempttogive16toanambulance—haddrivenhercaroverstonyobstaclesthatseparatedthebikelinefromthes

treet，and，asaresult，hadgottenhercar17.Shecouldn’tmovethecarinany18withoutdamagingit.Acoupleofpeopletriedto19thecarback

buttheobstaclesweretoohigh.Seeingthattheycouldn’tdomuchaboutit，theyleft.Thewomaninthecartriedto20someservice，andwasto

ldthatitwouldtakeabout45minutesforsomeonetogetthere.Whilewatchingtheotherpeople21，IrealizedthewomanwouldbeonherownandIimaginedhow22thatw

ouldbeifIwereinhershoes.Aftersometalking，she23metositinsidehercar.Iwasn’tinahurry，soI24myfamilythatIwo

uldbelaterandthentriedto25thewomanwhoseemedtofeelstressedaboutcausingothers26.Butactuallyitwasn’ttoomuchtrouble2

7theycouldstillpass，andalsotherewasn’tanythingshecoulddoaboutit28.Welaughedand29thatallweneededwassometeaforourpicnic.Finally30camea

ndhelpedherbackonthestreet.She31meandaskedformyphonenumbersoshecouldreturnthe32，butItoldheritwasokay.Sheseemedt

ofeelmuch33whenwesaidourgoodbyes.Ibelievethatnothavingtofaceadifficultsituation34canmakealotof35.语篇解读本文是

一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者安慰并帮助一位在马路上因为给救护车让行而陷入困境的女士的故事。16．A.signalB．wayC．timeD．help答案B解析一位女士试图给一辆救护车让行。givewayto...“让行”，为固定搭配，故选B。17．A.stuckB．broken

C．dirtyD．abandoned答案A解析根据下文“Shecouldn’tmovethecar”可推知，因为给救护车让行，这位女士的车卡(stuck)在那里不能动弹。18．A.senseB．minuteC．directionD．line答案C解

析在不损坏车的情况下，无论往哪个方向(direction)都无法移动。19．A.liftB．holdC．pullD．drive答案A解析根据上文“Shecouldn’tmovethecar”以及下文“butth

eobstaclesweretoohigh”可推知，车子卡在那里，障碍物太高，不能被抬(lift)回来。20．A.offerB．seekC．refuseD．take答案B解析那位女士在车里试图寻求(seek)一些

服务。21．A.shoutB．discussC．standD．leave答案D解析根据上文中的“Seeingthattheycouldn’tdomuchaboutit，theyleft.”可知，当时其他人因为帮不了什么忙，都走开(leave)了。22．A.amazingB．pleasantC．un

easyD．incredible答案C解析根据上文可知，那位女士的车被卡住了，其他人又帮不上忙，作者将心比心，觉得此情此景，那位女士一定是不舒服的(uneasy)，与下文“thewomanwhoseemedtofeelstressedaboutcausingothers”呼应。

23．A.forcedB．invitedC．orderedD．allowed答案B解析根据语境可推知，那位女士邀请(invited)作者坐进她的车里。24．A.consultedB．warnedC．advisedD．informed答案D解

析根据语境及下文“Iwouldbelater”可推知，作者是通知(informed)家人自己会晚会到。25．A.persuadeB．comfortC．frightenD．satisfy答案B解析根据空后的“thewomanwhoseemedtofeelstressedaboutcausi

ngothers”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦虑不安，作者试图宽慰(comfort)她，这与下文中的“Welaughedandthatallweneededwassometeaforourpicnic.”呼应。26．A.troubleB．disbeliefC．a

nxietyD．embarrassment答案A解析根据下文中的“Butactuallyitwasn’ttoomuchtroubletheycouldstillpass”可推知，那位女士认为自己给他人带来了麻烦(trouble)所以感到焦虑不安。27．A.thoughB．untilC．

sinceD．unless答案C解析根据语境可推知，此处前后内容表示逻辑上的因果关系，故since“因为”符合语境。28．A.anywayB．thereforeC．stillD．somehow答案A解析根据上文“Shecouldn’tmovethecarinanywithoutdamagin

git”可推知，无论如何(anyway)，那位女士对当时那种情况也是无能为力的。29．A.rememberedB．realizedC．thoughtD．joked答案D解析由语境和空后的“thatallweneededwassometeaforourpicnic”可知，此处指作者和那

位女士在开玩笑(joked)。30．A.newsB．mypartnerC．assistanceD．anambulance答案C解析根据空后的“helpedherbackonthestreet”可推知，最终

援助(assistance)到了，帮那位女士回到了路上。31．A.greetedB．thankedC．acceptedD．attracted答案B解析根据语境可知，作者去安慰那位受困的女士，那位女士在最终解

困后应是感谢(thanked)作者。32．A.carB．companyC．favorD．picnic答案C解析根据语境可推知，那位女士想要作者的电话号码，以回报作者的帮助(favor)。33．A.nervousB．unwi

llingC．disappointedD．better答案D解析根据语境可知，那位女士从困境中解脱出来，感觉比之前好了许多。D项符合语境。34．A.aloneB．bravelyC．bitterlyD．directly答案A解析由作者主动陪那女士面对困境的行为可知，此处作者认为不必独自(alon

e)面对困境可以产生很大影响(difference)。35．A.decisionB．fortuneC．choiceD．difference答案D解析解析参见上题。