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英语试题一.阅读理解（每小题3分，共60分）APalacesareknownfortheirbeautyandsplendor,buttheyofferlittleprotectionagainstattacks.Itiseasytodefendalargebuilding,butusua

llythesebuildingsarenotdesignedwiththecomfortofakinginmind.Whenitcomestostructuresthatarebothbeautif

ulanddefensive,theEuropeancastleisabigsuccess.CastleswereoriginallybuiltinEnglandbytheNormansin1066.Theybuilttowersandwallstosecurethelandtheyhadtake

n.ThesecastlesprovidedtheNormanswithaquietandsafeplace.Theyalsoservedasbasesofoperationforattacks.Inthiswaycastlesservedbothdefensiveandof

fensiveroles.Besides,castlesservedasofficesforgovernors.Thosethatweresociallybeneaththegovernorwouldcometorep

ortaffairsandexpresstheirrespect.Theywouldaddressproblems,handlebusiness,feast,andenjoyfestivitiesincastles.Socastlesservedassocialcen

tersaswell.Thefirstcastleswerebuiltfromearthandwood,andtheywerelikelytosufferfromattacksbyfire.Thenwoodencastlesweregraduallyre

placedbystone,whichgreatlyincreasedthestrengthofthesetowersandwalls.However,attackerscouldthrowflamingobjectsintocastlesthroughthewindowso

rburnthewoodendoors.Thisledtomovingthewindowsandentrancesofffromthegroundflooranduptothefirstfloortomakethemmoredifficulttoaccess.DuringtheMiddl

eAges,attacksincreasedinregularity,socastledefenseswereupdated.Arrow-slitswereadded.Theyweresmallholesinthecastle,which

alloweddefenderstofirewithoutbeinghurt.Towerswerebuiltfromwhichdefenderscouldprovidefireonbothsides.Thetowerswereconnectedtothecastlebywoodenbridg

es,sothatifonetowerfell,therestofthecastlewasstilleasytodefend.Alotofringsofcastlewallswereconstructed,sothatevenifattackerswentpastonewall,theywoul

dbecaughtonakillinggroundbetweeninnerandouterwalls.Alloftheseincreasedthedefenseofcastles.Theendofcastlescanbeattributedtogu

npowder.Duringthe15thcentury,artillery,akindoflargeguns,becamepowerfulenoughtobreakthroughstonewalls.

Thisgreatlymadetheroleofcastleslesseffective.Thoughcastlesnolongerservetheiroriginalpurposes,remainingcastlesreceivemillionsofvisitorseachyea

rwhowishtoexperiencethesituationsofancienttimes.1.Whatwastheoriginalfunctionofcastlesaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyservedastour

istattractions.B.Theywereimportantsocialcenters.C.Theymarkedreligiousceremonies.D.Theywerebuiltforuseinemerge

ncies.2.Thereasonwhywoodencastleswerereplacedbystonecastleswasthat.A.stonecastlescostlessmoneyB.stonecastlesofferedbetterdefenseC.woodenc

astleswereuncomfortableD.woodencastlestookalongtimetobuild3.Whichofthefollowingshowedanimprovementincastledefenses?A.Castle

sweretotallyseparatedbystones.B.Arrow-slitsweremadeinlargequantities.C.Ringsofwallswerebuilttodefendthetowers.D.Windowsandentranceswer

emovedtothehigherfloor.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.FancyLiving:LearningaboutCastlesB.Normans:Brin

gingCastlestoEnglandC.AHistoryofCastles:TheRiseandFallofCastlesD.DefendingCastles:TechnologiesUsedtoDefendCastlesBKangarooIslandismorefamousforwhat

ithasn’tgotthanwhatithas.UnlikemainlandAustralia,rabbitsandfoxeswereneverintroduced,sothelocalwildlifehaslesscompetitionforsurvival.Ano

therthingtheislanddoesn’thaveissomethingaScottishfriendoncecalled,“TheWayoftheIsland.”Thereisnosenseofbeingonthe

island;inmanyplaces,youcanclimbtoahighpointandseenothingbutbushesinanydirection.Thatcatchesmanyvisitorsoutwhentheyarrivewiththeid

eaofwalkingorcyclingaroundtheisland.It’sreallytoobigforthat.Thereislittleinthewayofpublictransport,andthemostpracticalwaystogetaroundaretosi

gnupforanorganisedtourorhireacar.Theisland’smainroad,thePlayfordHighway,headswestwardfromNepeanBayuntilitmeetstheWestEn

dHighwayinthemiddleofnowhere.TheWestEndHighwayheadssouth;thePlayfordHighwaycontinueswestwardasadirtroadtoCapeB

orda,wherethereisalighthouse,afewformerlightkeepers’cottages,aNationalParkVisitorCentreandnothingelse.Muchoftheislandisfarmland;lamban

dbeeffromKangarooIslandareespeciallyprized.Fruitisalsoamajorexport,butthegrapesinthevineyards(葡萄园)areturnedintoveryaccept

ablewinefirst.19NationalParksandConservationAreascoverover30%oftheisland’sarea,andthebiggestofthemliestothes

outhwestoftheisland,wheretheFlindersChaseNationalParkcovers32,600hectaresofbushland.Entryisbypermitonly,whichweboughtattheparkentranceatRockyRive

r.There,wewonderediftheparkauthoritieshadthewildlifetrained,becausewesawafamilyofkangaroosrightinthecarparkbytheparkoffice,buttheyonlyap

pearedafterwepaidtheentrancefee!5.WhyisthewildlifeonKangarooIslandmorelikelytosurvive?A.Becausetherearenorabbitsorfoxesontheisland.B.B

ecauserabbitsandfoxesarelesscompetitivespecies.C.Becausenobodylivesontheisland.D.Becausetheislandisfamousforitsbu

shes.6.Oneofthemostpracticalwaystogetaroundontheislandisto.A.rentacarB.rideabikeC.takepublictransportD.signupfora

travellesson7.WhatcanyoufindatCapeBorda?A.ThePlayfordHighway.B.TheWestEndHighway.C.Afewvineyards.D.Someformerlightkeepers’cottages.8.Th

eauthorandhisfamilysawafamilyofkangaroosattheFlindersChaseNationalParkafterthey.A.talkedtotheparkauthoritiesB.paidtheentrancefee

C.wentintotheparkofficeD.arrivedatRockyRiverCFarmers,especiallyindevelopingcountries,areoftencriticized(批评

)forcuttingdownforests.Butanewstudysuggeststhatmanyfarmersrecognizethevalueofkeepingtrees.Researchers

usingsatellitephotosfoundatleasttenpercentoftreescoveronmorethanonebillionhectaresoffarmland.Thatisalmosthalfth

efarmlandintheworld.Earlierestimates(估计)weremuchlowerandincomplete.Theauthorsofthenewstudysayitmaystillunderesti

matethetrueextent(程度)worldwide.ThestudyfoundmosttreescoverinSouthAmerica.NextcomesAfricasouthoftheSahara,followedbySoutheastAsia.

NorthAfricaandWestAsiahavetheleast.Thestudyfoundthatclimateconditionsalonecouldnotexplainthenumberoftreesc

oversindifferentareas,norcouldthesizeofnearbypopulations,meaningpeopleandtreescanlivetogether.Thereareareaswi

thfewtreesbutalsofewpeople,andareaswithmanytreesandmanypeople.Thefindingssuggestthatthingslikelandrights,marketsorgovernmentpoliciescaninfluencet

reeplantingandprotection.DennisGarrity,whoheadstheWorldAgroforestryCenter,saysfarmersareactingontheirowntoprotectandplanttrees.Th

eproblem,hesays,isthatpolicymakersandplannershavebeenslowtorecognizethisandtosupportsuchefforts.Thesatellitephotosmaynotshowwhatthefarmersar

eusingthetreesfor,butweallknowtreesoffernuts,fruit,woodandotherproducts.Theyalsohelppreventsoillossand

protectwatersupplies.Evenunderdrought(干旱)conditions,treescanoftenofferfoodandcanbeawaytoearnmoneyuntilthenextgrowingseason.Sometreesactasnaturalfer

tilizers.Theytakenitrogen(氮气)outoftheairandputitinthesoil.ScientistsattheCentersaytheuseoffertilizertreescanr

educetheneedforchemicalnitrogenbyuptothree-fourths.Treesalsocapturecarbondioxide,agasconnectedtoclimatecha

nge.9.Throughthestudy,theresearchersfoundthat.A.therearemoretreesonfarmlandthanexpectedB.fewertreesarebeingcutindevelopin

gcountriesC.mostfarmersstilldon’trealizethevalueoftreesD.treesplayakeyroleinpreventingclimatechange10.Whichofthefollowinghas

theleasttreecover?A.SoutheastAsia.B.WestAsia.C.SouthAmerica.D.AfricasouthoftheSahara.11.InDennisGarrity’

sopinion,.A.mostfarmerscareaboutnothingbuttheirowninterestsB.thereareusuallyfewpeoplelivinginareaswithfewtreesC.governmentplaysasmallrol

eintreeplantingandprotectionD.governmentshouldsupportfarmersinplantingandprotectingtrees12.WhatdoesParagraph6mainlytalkabout?A.Howfarmersplanttrees.

B.Whatproductstreescanbring.C.Theimportanceoftreestofarmers.D.Theenvironmentalvalueoftreecover.DTwobillionchildreninthedevel

opingworldcan’treceivegoodeducation—thekeytohumandevelopment.However,technologyoffersananswerwhichallowsthepoorindevelopingcountriestol

earn.Itisatoolwhichholdstheabilitytochangethelivesofthepoor,asitprovidesameansoflearningandcommunicating.Educationalprogramsmustbreakawayfro

moldsystems.NewcompaniessuchasOneLaptopPerChild(OLPC),anorganizationfoundedbyMITProfessorNicholasNegropo

ntehavebeenactiveinsolvingtheworld’seducationproblem.TheInternethaschangedtheworld,allowingeducationalservicestohelpwiththeglobalfighta

gainstpoverty.KhanAcademyisonesuchservice.LikeOLPC,itisanorganizationfoundedbyHarvardBusinessSchoolgraduateSalmanKhanwiththetaskof“

providingafree,world-classeducationforanyone,anywhere”.Theeducationofferedincludesalargenumberofmath-relatedto

pics.TheGMATPillReviewisanothercompanythattrainsMBAcandidates(应考人)worldwidetopreparefortheGMATexamonboththeQuantandVerbalsection.FoundedbySt

anfordgraduateZekeLee,thecompanyoffersserviceswhicharepricedatabout75%lessthanothersimilarprograms.Itallow

sstudentsfromdevelopingcountrieswhomightnotbeabletoaffordsimilarcoursestohaveaccesstotheseservices.Whetherpa

idorfreetheseservicesprovideeducationalopportunitiesforthosewhowouldneverhavehadthechanceinthepast.Asaresultofthetechnologyrevolutio

n(革新),businessschoolsmayseemorestudentsfromdifferentcornersoftheworld.BecauseoftheInternet,peopleinde

velopingnationshaveaccesstobetterandmoreaffordableeducationalopportunities.Moreandmorepeoplewilltrytoimprov

etheirlivesthrougheducationalopportunitiesoutsideoftheirhomeland—anideausuallyuncommonindevelopingcountri

es.13.Accordingtothepassage,technologycan.A.improvepeople’sreadingabilityB.solvetheproblemsfacingthewholeworldC.helpthepoortoreducepovertyD.caus

epovertyindevelopingcountries14.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatKhanAcademyaimsto.A.helpthepoorpayforgoodcoursesB.provideeverychildwithacomput

erC.helptrainMBAcandidatesD.makeeveryonereceivegoodeducation15.WhichofthefollowingaboutGMATPillRevie

wisTRUE?A.Itonlyacceptsstudentsfromdevelopingcountries.B.ItwasstartedbyProfessorNicholasNegroponte.C.Itchargesstudentsabout25percentofothe

rsimilarprograms.D.Theeducationitoffersincludesalotofmath-relatedtopics.E阅读七选五(核心素养:语言能力)Theworlditselfisbe

comingmuchsmallerbyusingmoderntrafficandmoderncommunicationmeans.Lifetodayismucheasierthanitwashundreds

ofyearsago,butithasbroughtnewproblems.16Pollutionmeansmakingthingsdirty.Itcomesinmanyways.Weseeit,smellit,drinkitandevenhearit.M

anhasbeenpollutingtheearth.17Manyyearsago,theproblemwasnotsoseriousbecausetherewerenotsomanypeople.Whenthelandwasus

eduportheriverwasdirtyinoneplace,Manmovedtoanotherplace.Butthisisnolongertrue.Manisnowslowlypollutingthewho

leworld.18It’sbadforalllivingthingsintheworld,butitisnottheonlyonekindofpollution.Waterpollutionkillsourfishandpo

llutesourdrinkingwater.Noisepollutionmakesusangrymoreeasily.19Theystoppeoplefromburningcoalinhousesandfactoriesinthecity,andfromputti

ngdirtysmokeintotheair.Theearthisourhome.Wemusttakecareofit.20Andwemusttakecareoftheriseinpopulationatthesametime

.A.Oneofthebiggestispollution.B.Themorepeople,themorepollution.C.Airpollutionisstillthemostserious.D.Thatmeansk

eepingtheland,waterandairclean.E.Manycountriesaremakingrulestofightpollution.F.Ihopescientistscanfin

dwaystosolvetheseriousproblem.G.Strangediseaseshaveappearedinsomeplacesbecauseofpollution.二.完形填空(每小题2分

，共40分)AndywasstilltravelinginSpainwhenherealizedhehadtoconfirm(核实)hisflighthomewiththeairlinecompany.HewasvisitingSpaininorderto1hisSpanish

.Whenhewasspeakingtopeople2hehadno3understandingwhattheysaid.4,whenhewasspeakingonthephone,hehada(n)5.Andy6theairline.Andtheclerkconfirmedthath

isplanewasleavingatnineo’clockthreedaysfromthatday.She7toldAndytobeattheairporttwohours8inordertocheckin

hisluggageandgetaseat.Sincehewas9inthreedays,Andydidn’t10anytime.Hevisitedasmanyplacesashecould.Hethought

thatitwouldprobablybeawhilebeforehehadenoughmoneyagain.Hewishedhecould11andspendayearinSpain.Too12,t

hefinaldayarrived.Andyleftearlyfortheairporttoarrivetwohoursbeforetake-off.Hehatedto13.Hewenttotheclerkto14histicket.Theclerkl

ookedattheticketwith15.“Why,sir,butyourflightwasatnineo’clockinthemorning,and16itiseightintheevening.”“ButIconfirmedmyflight,”Andy1

7.“WillIhavetopayforanotherticket?”“No,sir.However,thenextflightoutwillbethreedaysfromnow.”Andy’s18ofshockturnedtoon

eof19asherealizedthatnowhecouldcontinuehis20.1.A.prepareB.improveC.enjoyD.contact2.A.slowlyB.inpublicC.facetofaceD.fluently3.A.di

fficultyB.ideaC.mistakeD.interest4.A.InsteadB.InawordC.AtthesametimeD.However5.A.sicknessB.angerC.pro

blemD.change6.A.calledB.likedC.trustedD.asked7.A.againB.alsoC.onlyD.once8.A.beforeB.earlierC.laterD.after9

.A.movingB.returningC.stayingD.leaving10.A.takeB.haveC.loseD.find11.A.waitB.gohomeC.stopD.comeback12

.A.shortlyB.quicklyC.badlyD.fully13.A.speakB.goC.rushD.delay14.A.buyB.presentC.orderD.provide15.A.astonish

mentB.patienceC.respectD.delight16.A.maybeB.soC.hereD.now17.A.insistedB.apologizedC.smiledD.desired18.A.experienceB.expressio

nC.lookD.thought19.A.pleasureB.comfortC.sadnessD.hopelessness20.A.planB.flightC.businessD.vacation三.语法填空(每小题1.5分

，共15分)OnequarterofthepopulationofSichuanprovinceandChongqingmunicipality1.(work)awayfromtheirhomesasmigrantworkers.B

utthenumber2._______(have)beendroppingthisyear.24-year-oldGuQingxia3.workedasacashierbefore,togetherwithherhusband,4.(be)tojobfairs(

招聘会)inChongqingformanytimesand5.___________(want)tofindjobsnearhometown,becausetheywanttocomebacktotakecareofth

eirparents.Thisyear,thenumberofmigrantworkers,likeGuQingxiaandherhusbandwho6.(choose)toreturnhomeforwork7.(be)increasing.Besidesfamily,withrapi

ddevelopmentofsouthwesternChina,alargenumberofemploymentopportunities8.(give)tomigrantworkersandtheycanearnasmuchas9.they

earn10.Shenzhen.四根据所给提示用适当单词或短语的正确形式完成句子(共10小题；每小题l.5分，满分15分)1.Crimeoftenexistswithpoverty,likestealingdrivenby(hungry).2.Thetwocitiesaretwinnedwit

heachotherbecauseofmany(similar).3.LouisChaLeung-yung,oneofthemost(influence)Chinesenovelists,andbetterknownunderthepennameJinYong,die

don30thOctober.4.Thehotel,beautifully(situate)inaquietspotneartheriver,createsanatmospherewhichvisitorsfindsoappealing.5.

..(strike)bythehurricane,theareahadpowercuts,butquicklyitwasbacktonormal.6.Hecameroundforacoffeeandwehavi

ngamealtogether.(以……结束)7.AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereofteneachother.(与……交战)8.Thankfully,thenumbe

rofpeoplewhogetinfectedisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepatientsarecuredandreturnhomesafeandsound;,everythingwillbefi

ne.(简言之)9.Concernedaboutthecontinuingpollutionoftheenvironment,wetakeactionrightawayinsteadoflettingmatterstaketheircourse

.(除...别无选择)10.____,thereare800tornadoesintheUSeachyear,causingabout80deathsand1,500injuries.(平均来说)五书面表达(满分20分)假定你是李华，你校外教Kevin对中国传统文化很感兴趣

。下周二你校将邀请北京大学的王教授到你校举行“孔子及其思想”的讲座。请你给Kevin发一封电子邮件，邀请他来参加并介绍讲座的有关事宜。1.讲座时间：4月3日（星期二）上午8:00-11:00；2.讲座地点：5号教学楼一楼102室；3.活动安排：听讲座，讨论及提问，诵读孔子经典名句等。注意：

1.词数100左右。2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。DearKevin,I’mwritingtoinviteyouto英语答案一．A【语篇解读】本文讲述的是城堡的兴衰。【

答案与解析】1.B细节题。根据第2段最后一句可知,城堡最初的功能是作为重要的社会中心。2.B细节题。根据第3段第2句可知,木头城堡被石头城堡取代的原因是石头城堡提供了更好的防御。3.D细节题。根据第3段最后一句可知,窗户和入口被移到较高的楼层显示城堡防御有改进。4.

C主旨题。通读全文可知,本文讲述的是城堡的兴衰,因此C项最适合作本文的标题。B5.A细节题。根据第1段第2句可知,袋鼠岛和澳大利亚大陆不同,袋鼠岛没有兔子和狐狸,所以袋鼠岛上的野生动物竞争对手较少,容易生存。6.A

细节题。根据第2段最后一句可知,袋鼠岛的公共交通系统不发达,所以参观袋鼠岛最可行的办法就是报旅行团或者租一辆车。7.D细节题。根据第3段中的wherethereisalighthouse,afewformerlightkeepers’cottages,aNationalPark

VisitorCentreandnothingelse可知,在CapeBorda,我们可以看到灯塔、看守灯塔的人住的小屋和国家公园游客中心。8.B细节题。根据最后一段可知,作者一家是在交了入园费后才看到袋鼠的。C【语篇解读】一项新的研究显示,农民意识到了树木对人和

环境的重要性。【答案与解析】9.A推断题。根据第2段最后两句可知,早先对农场树林面积的估计比实际上农场树林面积低得多且不完整,也就是说,现在农场的树林数量比预料的要多。10.B细节题。根据第3段最后一句可知答案

。11.D推断题。根据第5段最后一句可知,政府应该支持农民种树和保护树木。12.C主旨题。通读第6段可知,本段主要讲的是树木对农民的重要性。D【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了向发展中国家的人们提供教育机会的技术和组织。13.C细节题。根据第1段最后

一句可知,科技是一种能改变穷人命运的工具,它提供了学习和交流的方法。14.D细节题。根据第3段倒数第2句可知,该组织的目的是使每一个人都受到世界一流的教育。15.C细节题。根据第4段第1句可知,GMATPillReview在全世界范围内招生,故A项错误;由第4段第

2句可知,它由ZekeLee创办,学费比其他同样的学校便宜75%,因此B项错误,C项正确;D项是叙述关于KhanAcademy的内容。七选五16~20ABCED二【语篇解读】本文讲述Andy在西班牙度假时由于语言问

题所遇到的小小的麻烦。1.BAndy去西班牙是为了提高他的西班牙语水平。2.C当他与别人面对面说话时,他能理解别人说的话。facetoface“面对面”,与下文的speakingonthephone形成对照。3.Ahavenodifficulty(in)doingsth是固定搭

配,意为“做某事没有困难”。4.D然而,当他在电话中交谈时,他有困难。5.C见上题解析。6.A根据上下文可知,Andy是打电话到航空公司的。7.B她还告诉Andy要提前两小时到机场。8.B见上题解析。9.DAndy知道三天后要走,他不浪费一点时间。1

0.C见上题解析。11.D他想回来,然后在西班牙待上一年。12.B最后一天还是很快就到了。13.C从上句中得知他提前到达,由此可见他讨厌匆匆忙忙。14.B他向检票员出示他的票。present“向……出示”。15.AAndy要乘的飞机已经飞走了,而Andy还拿

着票,所以检票员非常惊奇。16.D此处指现在是晚上八点。17.AAndy坚持说他确认过航班。18.CAndy的表情由惊入喜,因为他意识到他可以继续他的假期。19.A见上题解析。20.D见第18题解析。三语法填空

1.work2.has3.who4.hasbeen5.wants6.choose7.is8.havebeengiven9.what10.in四完成句子51.hunger52.similarities53.influential54.situate

d55.Struck/Stricken56.endedup57.atwarwith58.inanutshell59.havenochoicebutto60.Onaverage五书面表达DearKevin,I’mwritingtoinviteyoutothelectureon“Confu

ciusandConfucianism”whichwillbemadebyProfessorWangfromPekingUniversity.ItwillbeheldinRoom102onthefirst

floorofNo.5buildingonApril3rdnextWednesday.AsfarasIknow,youlikethetraditionalcultureofChina,soyouwillenjoyit.Thelecturewilllastthree

hoursfrom8a.mto11a.m.Theactivitymainlyconsistsofthreeparts,two-hourlisteningtothelecture,halfanhour’sdiscussionandthirty-minuteCon

fuciusclassicsrecitation.Iwillbeverygladifyoucome.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua