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英语试题一.阅读理解（每小题3分，共60分）APalacesareknownfortheirbeautyandsplendor,buttheyofferlittleprotectionagainstattacks.Itiseasytodefendalargebuilding,b

utusuallythesebuildingsarenotdesignedwiththecomfortofakinginmind.Whenitcomestostructuresthatarebothbeautifuland

defensive,theEuropeancastleisabigsuccess.CastleswereoriginallybuiltinEnglandbytheNormansin1066.Theybuilttowersandwallstos

ecurethelandtheyhadtaken.ThesecastlesprovidedtheNormanswithaquietandsafeplace.Theyalsoservedasbasesofoperatio

nforattacks.Inthiswaycastlesservedbothdefensiveandoffensiveroles.Besides,castlesservedasofficesforgovernors.Thosethatw

eresociallybeneaththegovernorwouldcometoreportaffairsandexpresstheirrespect.Theywouldaddressproblems,h

andlebusiness,feast,andenjoyfestivitiesincastles.Socastlesservedassocialcentersaswell.Thefirstcastleswerebuiltfromeart

handwood,andtheywerelikelytosufferfromattacksbyfire.Thenwoodencastlesweregraduallyreplacedbystone,whichgreatlyincreasedthestrengthoftheseto

wersandwalls.However,attackerscouldthrowflamingobjectsintocastlesthroughthewindowsorburnthewoodendoors.T

hisledtomovingthewindowsandentrancesofffromthegroundflooranduptothefirstfloortomakethemmoredifficulttoaccess.DuringtheMiddle

Ages,attacksincreasedinregularity,socastledefenseswereupdated.Arrow-slitswereadded.Theyweresmallholesinthecastle,whichalloweddefenderstofirewithout

beinghurt.Towerswerebuiltfromwhichdefenderscouldprovidefireonbothsides.Thetowerswereconnectedtothecastlebywoodenbridges,sothatifonetowerf

ell,therestofthecastlewasstilleasytodefend.Alotofringsofcastlewallswereconstructed,sothatevenifattacker

swentpastonewall,theywouldbecaughtonakillinggroundbetweeninnerandouterwalls.Alloftheseincreasedthedefenseof

castles.Theendofcastlescanbeattributedtogunpowder.Duringthe15thcentury,artillery,akindoflargeguns,beca

mepowerfulenoughtobreakthroughstonewalls.Thisgreatlymadetheroleofcastleslesseffective.Thoughcastlesnolongers

ervetheiroriginalpurposes,remainingcastlesreceivemillionsofvisitorseachyearwhowishtoexperiencethesituationsofancient

times.1.Whatwastheoriginalfunctionofcastlesaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyservedastouristattractions.B.Theywereimpo

rtantsocialcenters.C.Theymarkedreligiousceremonies.D.Theywerebuiltforuseinemergencies.2.Thereasonwhywoodencastleswerereplacedbystonecastleswasthat.

A.stonecastlescostlessmoneyB.stonecastlesofferedbetterdefenseC.woodencastleswereuncomfortableD.woodencastlestookalongtimetobuild3.Whichofthefollowi

ngshowedanimprovementincastledefenses?A.Castlesweretotallyseparatedbystones.B.Arrow-slitsweremadeinlargequantities.C.Ringsofwallswerebuiltto

defendthetowers.D.Windowsandentrancesweremovedtothehigherfloor.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.FancyLiving:LearningaboutCastl

esB.Normans:BringingCastlestoEnglandC.AHistoryofCastles:TheRiseandFallofCastlesD.DefendingCastles:TechnologiesUsedtoDefendCastlesBKangar

ooIslandismorefamousforwhatithasn’tgotthanwhatithas.UnlikemainlandAustralia,rabbitsandfoxeswereneverintroduced

,sothelocalwildlifehaslesscompetitionforsurvival.Anotherthingtheislanddoesn’thaveissomethingaScottishfriendoncecalled,“TheWayoftheIsland.”T

hereisnosenseofbeingontheisland;inmanyplaces,youcanclimbtoahighpointandseenothingbutbushesinanydirection.Thatcatches

manyvisitorsoutwhentheyarrivewiththeideaofwalkingorcyclingaroundtheisland.It’sreallytoobigforthat.Thereislittleinthe

wayofpublictransport,andthemostpracticalwaystogetaroundaretosignupforanorganisedtourorhireacar.Theisland’smainroad,thePlayfordHighway,headswestwa

rdfromNepeanBayuntilitmeetstheWestEndHighwayinthemiddleofnowhere.TheWestEndHighwayheadssouth;thePlayfordHighwaycontinueswestwardasadirtroadtoC

apeBorda,wherethereisalighthouse,afewformerlightkeepers’cottages,aNationalParkVisitorCentreandnothingelse.Muchoftheisl

andisfarmland;lambandbeeffromKangarooIslandareespeciallyprized.Fruitisalsoamajorexport,butthegrapesinthevineyards(葡萄

园)areturnedintoveryacceptablewinefirst.19NationalParksandConservationAreascoverover30%oftheisland’sarea,andt

hebiggestofthemliestothesouthwestoftheisland,wheretheFlindersChaseNationalParkcovers32,600hectaresofbushland.Entryisbypermitonly,

whichweboughtattheparkentranceatRockyRiver.There,wewonderediftheparkauthoritieshadthewildlifetrained,becausewesawafamilyofkangaroosrightintheca

rparkbytheparkoffice,buttheyonlyappearedafterwepaidtheentrancefee!5.WhyisthewildlifeonKangarooIslandmorelikelytosurvive?A.Becauseth

erearenorabbitsorfoxesontheisland.B.Becauserabbitsandfoxesarelesscompetitivespecies.C.Becausenobodylivesontheisland.

D.Becausetheislandisfamousforitsbushes.6.Oneofthemostpracticalwaystogetaroundontheislandisto.A.rentacarB.rideabikeC.takepublic

transportD.signupforatravellesson7.WhatcanyoufindatCapeBorda?A.ThePlayfordHighway.B.TheWestEndHighway.

C.Afewvineyards.D.Someformerlightkeepers’cottages.8.TheauthorandhisfamilysawafamilyofkangaroosattheFlindersChaseNationalParka

fterthey.A.talkedtotheparkauthoritiesB.paidtheentrancefeeC.wentintotheparkofficeD.arrivedatRockyRiverCFarmers,especiallyindevelopingcountries,areoft

encriticized(批评)forcuttingdownforests.Butanewstudysuggeststhatmanyfarmersrecognizethevalueofkeepingtrees.Researche

rsusingsatellitephotosfoundatleasttenpercentoftreescoveronmorethanonebillionhectaresoffarmland.Thatisalmosthalfthefa

rmlandintheworld.Earlierestimates(估计)weremuchlowerandincomplete.Theauthorsofthenewstudysayitmaystillunde

restimatethetrueextent(程度)worldwide.ThestudyfoundmosttreescoverinSouthAmerica.NextcomesAfricasouthoftheSahara,followedbySouth

eastAsia.NorthAfricaandWestAsiahavetheleast.Thestudyfoundthatclimateconditionsalonecouldnotexplainthenumberoftreescoversindifferentareas,norcoul

dthesizeofnearbypopulations,meaningpeopleandtreescanlivetogether.Thereareareaswithfewtreesbutalsofewpeople,andareaswithmanytreesandmanypeople.Thefin

dingssuggestthatthingslikelandrights,marketsorgovernmentpoliciescaninfluencetreeplantingandprotection.DennisGarrity,whoheadsth

eWorldAgroforestryCenter,saysfarmersareactingontheirowntoprotectandplanttrees.Theproblem,hesays,isthatpolicymake

rsandplannershavebeenslowtorecognizethisandtosupportsuchefforts.Thesatellitephotosmaynotshowwhatthefarmersareusingthetreesfor

,butweallknowtreesoffernuts,fruit,woodandotherproducts.Theyalsohelppreventsoillossandprotectwatersupplies.Evenunderdrought(干旱)condi

tions,treescanoftenofferfoodandcanbeawaytoearnmoneyuntilthenextgrowingseason.Sometreesactasnaturalfertilizer

s.Theytakenitrogen(氮气)outoftheairandputitinthesoil.ScientistsattheCentersaytheuseoffertilizertreescanreducetheneed

forchemicalnitrogenbyuptothree-fourths.Treesalsocapturecarbondioxide,agasconnectedtoclimatechange.9.Through

thestudy,theresearchersfoundthat.A.therearemoretreesonfarmlandthanexpectedB.fewertreesarebeingcutindevelo

pingcountriesC.mostfarmersstilldon’trealizethevalueoftreesD.treesplayakeyroleinpreventingclimatechange10.Whichofthefollow

inghastheleasttreecover?A.SoutheastAsia.B.WestAsia.C.SouthAmerica.D.AfricasouthoftheSahara.11.InDennisGarrity’sopinion,.A.most

farmerscareaboutnothingbuttheirowninterestsB.thereareusuallyfewpeoplelivinginareaswithfewtreesC.governmentplaysasmallroleintreeplantingandprotectio

nD.governmentshouldsupportfarmersinplantingandprotectingtrees12.WhatdoesParagraph6mainlytalkabout?A.Howfarmersplanttrees.B.Whatproducts

treescanbring.C.Theimportanceoftreestofarmers.D.Theenvironmentalvalueoftreecover.DTwobillionchildreninth

edevelopingworldcan’treceivegoodeducation—thekeytohumandevelopment.However,technologyoffersananswerwhichallowsthepoorindevelopin

gcountriestolearn.Itisatoolwhichholdstheabilitytochangethelivesofthepoor,asitprovidesameansoflearninga

ndcommunicating.Educationalprogramsmustbreakawayfromoldsystems.NewcompaniessuchasOneLaptopPerChild(OLPC),anorganization

foundedbyMITProfessorNicholasNegropontehavebeenactiveinsolvingtheworld’seducationproblem.TheInternethaschangedthew

orld,allowingeducationalservicestohelpwiththeglobalfightagainstpoverty.KhanAcademyisonesuchservice.LikeOLPC,itisanorganiza

tionfoundedbyHarvardBusinessSchoolgraduateSalmanKhanwiththetaskof“providingafree,world-classeducationforanyone,anywhere”.Theeducation

offeredincludesalargenumberofmath-relatedtopics.TheGMATPillReviewisanothercompanythattrainsMBAcandidates(应考人)worldwidet

opreparefortheGMATexamonboththeQuantandVerbalsection.FoundedbyStanfordgraduateZekeLee,thecompanyoffe

rsserviceswhicharepricedatabout75%lessthanothersimilarprograms.Itallowsstudentsfromdevelopingcountrie

swhomightnotbeabletoaffordsimilarcoursestohaveaccesstotheseservices.Whetherpaidorfreetheseservicesprovideeducationa

lopportunitiesforthosewhowouldneverhavehadthechanceinthepast.Asaresultofthetechnologyrevolution(革新),businesss

choolsmayseemorestudentsfromdifferentcornersoftheworld.BecauseoftheInternet,peopleindevelopingnationshaveaccess

tobetterandmoreaffordableeducationalopportunities.Moreandmorepeoplewilltrytoimprovetheirlivesthrougheduc

ationalopportunitiesoutsideoftheirhomeland—anideausuallyuncommonindevelopingcountries.13.Accordingtothepassage,technol

ogycan.A.improvepeople’sreadingabilityB.solvetheproblemsfacingthewholeworldC.helpthepoortoreducepovertyD.causep

overtyindevelopingcountries14.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatKhanAcademyaimsto.A.helpthepoorpayforgoodcoursesB.provideeverychildwithacomputerC.helptr

ainMBAcandidatesD.makeeveryonereceivegoodeducation15.WhichofthefollowingaboutGMATPillReviewisTRUE?A.Itonlyaccep

tsstudentsfromdevelopingcountries.B.ItwasstartedbyProfessorNicholasNegroponte.C.Itchargesstudentsabout25percentofothersimilarpr

ograms.D.Theeducationitoffersincludesalotofmath-relatedtopics.E阅读七选五(核心素养:语言能力)Theworlditselfisbecomingmuchsmallerbyusingmoderntraff

icandmoderncommunicationmeans.Lifetodayismucheasierthanitwashundredsofyearsago,butithasbroughtnewproblems.16Pollutionmeansmakingthingsd

irty.Itcomesinmanyways.Weseeit,smellit,drinkitandevenhearit.Manhasbeenpollutingtheearth.17Manyyearsago,theproblemwasnotsoseriousbe

causetherewerenotsomanypeople.Whenthelandwasuseduportheriverwasdirtyinoneplace,Manmovedtoanotherplace.Butthisisnolongertrue.Manisnows

lowlypollutingthewholeworld.18It’sbadforalllivingthingsintheworld,butitisnottheonlyonekindofpollution.Waterpollutionkillsourfishandp

ollutesourdrinkingwater.Noisepollutionmakesusangrymoreeasily.19Theystoppeoplefromburningcoalinhousesandfactoriesinthecity,andfromp

uttingdirtysmokeintotheair.Theearthisourhome.Wemusttakecareofit.20Andwemusttakecareoftheriseinpopulationatthesametime.A.Oneofthebiggestispolluti

on.B.Themorepeople,themorepollution.C.Airpollutionisstillthemostserious.D.Thatmeanskeepingtheland,waterandairclean.E.Manycountriesaremakingrul

estofightpollution.F.Ihopescientistscanfindwaystosolvetheseriousproblem.G.Strangediseaseshaveappearedinsomeplacesbecaus

eofpollution.二.完形填空(每小题2分，共40分)AndywasstilltravelinginSpainwhenherealizedhehadtoconfirm(核实)hisflighthomewit

htheairlinecompany.HewasvisitingSpaininorderto1hisSpanish.Whenhewasspeakingtopeople2hehadno3understandingwhattheysaid.4,whenhewas

speakingonthephone,hehada(n)5.Andy6theairline.Andtheclerkconfirmedthathisplanewasleavingatnineo’clockthreedaysfromthatday.She7toldAnd

ytobeattheairporttwohours8inordertocheckinhisluggageandgetaseat.Sincehewas9inthreedays,Andydidn’t10anytime.Hevisitedasmanyplacesashecould.Hethoug

htthatitwouldprobablybeawhilebeforehehadenoughmoneyagain.Hewishedhecould11andspendayearinSpain.Too12,thefinaldayarrive

d.Andyleftearlyfortheairporttoarrivetwohoursbeforetake-off.Hehatedto13.Hewenttotheclerkto14histicket.Theclerkloo

kedattheticketwith15.“Why,sir,butyourflightwasatnineo’clockinthemorning,and16itiseightintheevening.”“ButIconfirmedmyflight,”

Andy17.“WillIhavetopayforanotherticket?”“No,sir.However,thenextflightoutwillbethreedaysfromnow.”Andy’s18ofshockturnedtooneof19asherealizedth

atnowhecouldcontinuehis20.1.A.prepareB.improveC.enjoyD.contact2.A.slowlyB.inpublicC.facetofaceD.fluently3.A.difficultyB.ideaC.mistakeD.

interest4.A.InsteadB.InawordC.AtthesametimeD.However5.A.sicknessB.angerC.problemD.change6.A.calledB.likedC.trustedD.asked7.A.againB.a

lsoC.onlyD.once8.A.beforeB.earlierC.laterD.after9.A.movingB.returningC.stayingD.leaving10.A.takeB.hav

eC.loseD.find11.A.waitB.gohomeC.stopD.comeback12.A.shortlyB.quicklyC.badlyD.fully13.A.speakB.goC.rushD.delay14.A.buyB.presentC.orderD.provid

e15.A.astonishmentB.patienceC.respectD.delight16.A.maybeB.soC.hereD.now17.A.insistedB.apologizedC.smiledD.desired18.A.experienceB.expre

ssionC.lookD.thought19.A.pleasureB.comfortC.sadnessD.hopelessness20.A.planB.flightC.businessD.vacation三.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)Onequarte

rofthepopulationofSichuanprovinceandChongqingmunicipality1.(work)awayfromtheirhomesasmigrantworkers.Butthenumber2._______(have)beendroppi

ngthisyear.24-year-oldGuQingxia3.workedasacashierbefore,togetherwithherhusband,4.(be)tojobfairs(招聘会)inChongqingformanytimesand5.______

_____(want)tofindjobsnearhometown,becausetheywanttocomebacktotakecareoftheirparents.Thisyear,thenumberofmigrantworkers,

likeGuQingxiaandherhusbandwho6.(choose)toreturnhomeforwork7.(be)increasing.Besidesfamily,withrapidde

velopmentofsouthwesternChina,alargenumberofemploymentopportunities8.(give)tomigrantworkersandtheycanearnasmuchas9.the

yearn10.Shenzhen.四根据所给提示用适当单词或短语的正确形式完成句子(共10小题；每小题l.5分，满分15分)1.Crimeoftenexistswithpoverty,likestealingdrivenby(hungry).

2.Thetwocitiesaretwinnedwitheachotherbecauseofmany(similar).3.LouisChaLeung-yung,oneofthemost(influence)Chinesenovelists,andbette

rknownunderthepennameJinYong,diedon30thOctober.4.Thehotel,beautifully(situate)inaquietspotneartheriver,create

sanatmospherewhichvisitorsfindsoappealing.5...(strike)bythehurricane,theareahadpowercuts,butquicklyitwasba

cktonormal.6.Hecameroundforacoffeeandwehavingamealtogether.(以……结束)7.AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereofteneachother.(与……交战)8.

Thankfully,thenumberofpeoplewhogetinfectedisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepatientsarecuredandreturnhomesafeandsound;,everythingwillbefine.(简言之)9

.Concernedaboutthecontinuingpollutionoftheenvironment,wetakeactionrightawayinsteadoflettingmatterstaketheircourse.(除...别无选择

)10.____,thereare800tornadoesintheUSeachyear,causingabout80deathsand1,500injuries.(平均来说)五书面表达(满分20分)假定你是李华，你校外教Kevin对中国传统文化很感兴趣。下周二你校将

邀请北京大学的王教授到你校举行“孔子及其思想”的讲座。请你给Kevin发一封电子邮件，邀请他来参加并介绍讲座的有关事宜。1.讲座时间：4月3日（星期二）上午8:00-11:00；2.讲座地点：5号教学楼一楼102室；3.活动安排：听讲座，讨论及提问，诵读孔子经典名句等。注意

：1.词数100左右。2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。DearKevin,I’mwritingtoinviteyouto英语答案一．A【语篇解读】本文讲述的是城堡的兴衰。【答案与解析】1.B细节题。根据第2段最后一句可

知,城堡最初的功能是作为重要的社会中心。2.B细节题。根据第3段第2句可知,木头城堡被石头城堡取代的原因是石头城堡提供了更好的防御。3.D细节题。根据第3段最后一句可知,窗户和入口被移到较高的楼层显示城堡防御有改进。4.C主旨题。通读全文可知,本文讲

述的是城堡的兴衰,因此C项最适合作本文的标题。B5.A细节题。根据第1段第2句可知,袋鼠岛和澳大利亚大陆不同,袋鼠岛没有兔子和狐狸,所以袋鼠岛上的野生动物竞争对手较少,容易生存。6.A细节题。根据第2段最后一句可知,

袋鼠岛的公共交通系统不发达,所以参观袋鼠岛最可行的办法就是报旅行团或者租一辆车。7.D细节题。根据第3段中的wherethereisalighthouse,afewformerlightkeepers’cottages,aNationalP

arkVisitorCentreandnothingelse可知,在CapeBorda,我们可以看到灯塔、看守灯塔的人住的小屋和国家公园游客中心。8.B细节题。根据最后一段可知,作者一家是在交了入园费后才看到袋鼠的

。C【语篇解读】一项新的研究显示,农民意识到了树木对人和环境的重要性。【答案与解析】9.A推断题。根据第2段最后两句可知,早先对农场树林面积的估计比实际上农场树林面积低得多且不完整,也就是说,现在农场的树林数量比预料的要

多。10.B细节题。根据第3段最后一句可知答案。11.D推断题。根据第5段最后一句可知,政府应该支持农民种树和保护树木。12.C主旨题。通读第6段可知,本段主要讲的是树木对农民的重要性。D【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了向发展中国家的人们提供教育机会的技术和组织。13.C细节题。根据第1段最后一句可知

,科技是一种能改变穷人命运的工具,它提供了学习和交流的方法。14.D细节题。根据第3段倒数第2句可知,该组织的目的是使每一个人都受到世界一流的教育。15.C细节题。根据第4段第1句可知,GMATPillReview在全世界范围内招

生,故A项错误;由第4段第2句可知,它由ZekeLee创办,学费比其他同样的学校便宜75%,因此B项错误,C项正确;D项是叙述关于KhanAcademy的内容。七选五16~20ABCED二【语篇解读】本文讲述Andy在西班牙度假时由于语言问题所

遇到的小小的麻烦。1.BAndy去西班牙是为了提高他的西班牙语水平。2.C当他与别人面对面说话时,他能理解别人说的话。facetoface“面对面”,与下文的speakingonthephone形成对照。3.Ahavenodi

fficulty(in)doingsth是固定搭配,意为“做某事没有困难”。4.D然而,当他在电话中交谈时,他有困难。5.C见上题解析。6.A根据上下文可知,Andy是打电话到航空公司的。7.B她还告诉Andy要提前两小时到机场。8.B见上题解析。9

.DAndy知道三天后要走,他不浪费一点时间。10.C见上题解析。11.D他想回来,然后在西班牙待上一年。12.B最后一天还是很快就到了。13.C从上句中得知他提前到达,由此可见他讨厌匆匆忙忙。14.B他向检票员出示他的票。present“向……出示”。15.AAndy要乘的飞机已经飞走了,

而Andy还拿着票,所以检票员非常惊奇。16.D此处指现在是晚上八点。17.AAndy坚持说他确认过航班。18.CAndy的表情由惊入喜,因为他意识到他可以继续他的假期。19.A见上题解析。20.D见第18题解析。三语法填空1.work2.has3.wh

o4.hasbeen5.wants6.choose7.is8.havebeengiven9.what10.in四完成句子51.hunger52.similarities53.influential54.situated55.Struck

/Stricken56.endedup57.atwarwith58.inanutshell59.havenochoicebutto60.Onaverage五书面表达DearKevin,I’mwritingtoinviteyoutothelectureon“Con

fuciusandConfucianism”whichwillbemadebyProfessorWangfromPekingUniversity.ItwillbeheldinRoom102onthefirstfloorofNo.5build

ingonApril3rdnextWednesday.AsfarasIknow,youlikethetraditionalcultureofChina,soyouwillenjoyit.Thelecturewilllastthreehoursfrom8a.mto

11a.m.Theactivitymainlyconsistsofthreeparts,two-hourlisteningtothelecture,halfanhour’sdiscussionandthirty-minut

eConfuciusclassicsrecitation.Iwillbeverygladifyoucome.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua