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大兴区2023-2024学年度第一学期期中检测试卷高二英语满分：100分考试时长：90分钟第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Inth

eheartofthecity,nestedbetweenthetoweringskyscrapers,stoodalittlelibrarythathadwithstoodthetestof___1___.Everybrickandbookinthatbuildingheldstor

iesnotjustfromthepages,butofthecountlesssoulswhohadwalkedits___2___.Anna,ayoungwriter,oftenvisitedthisoasis(绿洲)ofknow

ledge.Shewasonthe___3___ofpublishingherfirstbookbutwasfacingthecripplingself-doubtthatoftentroublescreators.Oneevening,asshewanderedbetweentheshe

lves,shehappenedtoseeanold,dusty___4___.Itwasajournalfromthe1800s,writtenbyathen-unknownwriternamedLi

llian.AsAnnaskimmedthroughthepages,shewas___5___byLillian’sstruggleswhichmirroredherown.Lillianwroteofherreject

ions,hermomentsofdespair,andthenightsshewantedtogiveup.Butshealsowroteofher___6___moments,wherethewordsflowedlikea

riverandthestoriestookalifeoftheirown.ThefinalentrywasdatedadaybeforeLillian’sfirstbookwaspublished.Itread,“Tothefutu

redreamerswhomayfindthis:Remember,every___7___hasitsdawn.Yourstrugglesaremerelythedarkbeforethemorninglight.Keepwriting,keepdrea

ming,andoneday,yourstorieswilllightupsomeone’s___8___justasyouhavelitupmine.”AnnafeltaconnectiontoLillianacrossthecenturies.Withrenewed___9___,shelef

tthelibrary,readytofacethechallengesahead.Forinherheart,shecarriedLillian’sstory—abeaconofhopeandatesta

menttothetimelessjourneyof____10____.1.A.modernityB.timeC.innovationD.criticism2.A.rowsB.roomsC.seatsD.gates3.A.edgeB.

topC.endD.middle4.A.novelB.diaryC.manuscriptD.brochure5.A.preventedB.amazedC.struckD.puzzled6.A.disorderlyB.ord

inaryC.brightD.final7.A.storyB.nightC.pathD.task8.A.dayB.worldC.despairD.book9.A.energyB.purposeC.hesitationD.perspective10.A.creationB.writingC.dis

coveryD.learning第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Millionsofyearsago,theE

arth___11___(inhabit)bywonderfulcreaturesthatnolongerwalkourlands.Onesuchcreature,thedodo,oncethrivedontheisolatedislandofMauritius.Itwa

saflightlessbird___12___auniqueappearance.Sadly,duetohumaninterferenceandintroducedspecies,thesebirdsweredriventoex

tinctionwithinafewcenturiesoftheir___13___(discover).B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。MarieCur

ie,borninWarsaw,Poland,wasatrailblazingphysicistandchemistacknowledgedforher___14___(pioneer)researchonra

dioactivity.Notonlydidshebecomethefirstwoman___15___(win)aNobelPrize,butshealsoremainstheonlypersonwhohaswonNobelPrizesinbothPhy

sicsandChemistry.Herdedicationandperseveranceinamale-dominatedfield___16___(inspire)countlessindividual

sworldwide.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。DuringtheRenaissance,aperiod___

17___coversfromthe14thtothe17thcentury,Europeexperiencedarevivalofart,culture,andintellect.LeonardodaVi

nci,oftenreferredtoasthearchetypeofthe“RenaissanceMan”,wasnotonlyanartistbutalso___18___inventor,scientist

,andmathematician.Hispainting,theMonaLisa,isconsideredoneof___19___(famous)iconicworksofart.Yet,manyofhis___20___(invention),althoughrevoluti

onary,werenotbuiltduringhislifetime.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节,38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂

黑。AHorizonInstitute:AnnualWinterWorkshopBackgroundEstablishedin2005,HorizonInstituteiscommittedtobridgingthega

pbetweenacademictheoryandreal-worldapplication.Withover20,000alumniworldwide,ourfocusisonprovidinghands-onexperiencesinawiderangeofdiscipli

nes.WorkshopDetails:Dates:December5th-December20thCoursesAvailable:AdvancedMathematics,ExperimentalPh

ysics,DigitalArtDesign,andLeadershipDynamics.Eligibility:Studentsaged12-18withakeeninterestinthechosensubject.Fee:$350forasinglecourse.Enro

llintwoormorecoursesfora15%discountonthetotalfee.FacilitiesandFeatures:State-of-the-artlaboratoriesanddesig

nstudios.Interactivesessionswithindustryexperts.Dedicatedmentorshipbyexperiencedprofessionals.Accesstoourextensivelibrar

yandonlineresources.AdditionalBenefits:Certificationuponcoursecompletion.Opportunitiesforinternshipsinpartnerorganizations.Networkingeventswi

thHorizonalumniandindustryleaders.ForMoreDetails:VisitourcampusonNovember15thforanopenhousesession.Contactusviaemail:contact@horizoninstitute.

orgorcall:(456)789-0123.21.WhatisHorizonInstitute’sprimarymission?A.Hostingwinterworkshopseveryyear.B.Organizingnetworkingeventsfo

rstudents.C.Linkingacademicteachingstopracticalexperiences.D.Offeringonlinecoursesinvariousdisciplines.22

.Whatcanstudentsexpectwhentheyjoinintheworkshop?A.Freemealsthroughoutthecourse.B.Personalizedone-on-oneteachingse

ssions.C.Interactionwithprofessionalsfromvariousindustries.D.Achancetostudyabroadwithpartnerinstitutions.23.Howcansomeonegatherin-depthinforma

tionabouttheworkshop?A.Bybrowsingtheinstitute’sonlinecatalog.B.ByattendingtheopenhouseonNovember15th.CBywaitingfortheannua

lnewsletter.D.Byjoiningtheinstitute’ssocialmediapage.BInthesprawlingmetropolisofGrayville,whereskyscraperstouchedthe

heavensandstreetswereconstantlybuzzingwithlife,thereexistedauniqueplacecalled“TheCornerofQuietude”.Itwasn

eitheraparknorabuilding.Infact,itwassimplyastreetcorner,markedbyasinglelamppostwithapeculiarsign:“Speaksoftly,forthisisaplaceofsolace”.Legend

haditthatanyonespeakingbeneaththislamppost,regardlessofthesurroundingnoise,wouldfindtheirwordsdrownedout,replacedbyanmysteri

ouspeace.Overtheyears,manyhadcometoexperienceitsmagic.Theyspokeofheartbreaks,dreams,regrets,andwishes,seekingsolaceinitsem

brace.Ella,ajournalistnewtoGrayville,stumbleduponthiscornerduringanassignment.Doubtful,shedecidedtotesttheleg

end.Whisperingherdeepestfearsaboutherfailingcareerandstrugglesinthebigcity,shewasshockedwhenallsheheardwasacalmingwhisper,almostasi

ftheworldaroundherpaused.Elladugintothehistoryof“TheCornerofQuietude”.Shediscoveredthatdecadesago,amusiciannamedAlarichadlosthisvoiceandwo

uldvisitthecornereverynight,playinghissilenttunesonaviolin,hopingtocommunicatethroughhismusic.SomebelievedthatthecornerabsorbedAlaric’syear

ningforexpressionandbecameaplaceforallwhosoughttovoicetheirinnermostemotions.24.Whatwasuniqueabout“TheCornerofQuietude”inGrayville?A.Itw

astheoldestparkinthisbusycity..B.ItwaswhereAlaricplayedmusiceverynight.C.Peoplefoundtheirwordsreplacedbyquietness.D.Itwasasilen

tzonewherenosoundwasallowed.25.WhydidEllacometothecornerinthefirstplace?A.Tocheckthelegend.B.Towhisperherfears.

C.Tomeetthemusician.D.Tofinishherassignment.26.HowdidEllareactuponexperiencingthecorner’smagic?A.Shefeltitwasjusta

nothercitymystery.B.Sheimmediatelybelievedinthelegend.CShewroteanarticletoclarifythetruth.D.Shewassurpriseda

ndfeltasenseofcalm.27.WhatissuggestedaboutthemusicianAlaric?A.HewasthefounderofGrayvilleandthecorner.B.Here

claimedhisvoicebyplayingatthecorner.C.Heplayedmusictodisruptthepeaceofthecorner.D.Hissilenttunescontributedt

othecorner’smysterioussense.CChinesescientistsrecentlyachievedprecisetotalsynthesis(合成)ofsugarfromcarbondioxideinthelaboratory,markingacrucials

tepinartificialsugarsynthesis.Thesynthesis,whichtookmorethantwoyearstorealize,wasachievedbyteamsfromtheChineseAcademyofSciences’

TianjinInstituteofIndustrialBiotechnologyandtheacademy’sDalianInstituteofChemicalPhysics.Theirresearchwaspubl

ishedlastweekinapaperinChineseScienceBulletin,amultidisciplinaryacademicjournal.Sugarisamajorsourceofenergyforthehumanbodyandakeyr

awmaterialforindustrialproduction,anditismainlyobtainedbyextractingitfromcropssuchassugarcane.However,thetraditionalmethodofextractionislimitedby

theenergyconversionefficiencyofplantphotosynthesis.Moreover,theprocessofextractingsugarhasbeenaffectedbyuncertainrawmaterialsuppliesduet

olanddegradationandshortages,ecosystemdegradationandextremeweatherandnaturaldisasterscausedbyglobalwarming.Asaresult,artificialsugarsynt

hesishasbeencontinuallystudiedbythescientificcommunityinrecentyears,andscientistsaroundtheworldhavecontributedtotheeffort.Intheir

latestresearch,theChinesescientistsadjustedhigh-concentrationcarbondioxideandotherrawmaterialsinthereac

tionsolution.Withthehelpofchemicalcatalystsandenzyme(酶)catalysts,theyobtainedfourkindsofsugars:glucose,allulose,tagatosea

ndmannose..Theexperimentlastedabout17hours,muchshorterthanthetimerequiredfortraditionalmethodsofsugarextraction,ac

cordingtoYangJiangang,leadauthorofthepaperandassociateresearcherattheTianjininstitute.Theefficiencyofsugarsynthesisin

thisstudywas0.67gramsperliterperhour,whichwasmorethan10timeshigherthanthepreviousresultsachievedbyscientistsworldwide.Yangsaidthatthecarbondiox

idetosugarconversionrateofglucosereached59.8nanomolesofcarbonpermilligramofcatalystperminute.Thisisthehighestle

velofartificialsugarproductionknowndomesticallyandinternationally.Thestudyalsoachievedprecisecontrolofartificialsugarsynthesis.“Byc

ontrollingthevariedcatalyticeffectsofdifferentenzymes,theoreticallyalmostanytypeofsugarcanbesynthesized,”Yangsaid.Regardingthestudy,ManfredReetz,a

memberoftheGermanNationalAcademyofSciencesLeopoldina,saiditisaparticularlychallengingtasktoconvertcarbo

ndioxideintosugars.TheachievementbyChinesescientistshasprovidedaflexible,multifunctionalandefficientsugarsynthesisr

oute,whichopensadoorforgreenchemistry,Reetzsaid.Greenchemistry,similartosustainablechemistry,isarapidlyde

velopingfieldthatfocusesonhowtofullyutilizerawmaterialsandenergyintheprocessofproducingtheintendedproductwhilem

inimizingoreliminatingtheuseandgenerationofharmfulsubstances.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionisseenasanexampleofgreench

emistry,sinceitwasconductedundernormaltemperatureandpressureconditionsanddidnotyieldanyharmfulsubstances.28

.Whydoscientistskeepstudyingartificialsugarsynthesis?A.Becausesugarisanessentialenergysourceforindustrialproduction.B.Becausethet

raditionalextractionapproachisnotenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Becauserawmaterialsupplyisunreliableintheprocessoftraditionalsugarextraction.D.Becauset

hetraditionalextractionapproachislessproductivethanplantphotosynthesis.29.HowistheChinesestudysignificant?A.Its

ynthesizedalmostalltypesofsugarinthelaboratory.B.Itcontrolledvariedcatalyticeffectsofdifferentenzymes.C.Itconvertedhigh-concen

trationcarbondioxideintosugar.D.Itlasted17hours,shorterthanprevioustraditionalmethods.30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Greenc

hemistryhelpeduseupallrawmaterialstogeneratemoreproducts.BCarbondioxidetosugarconversionwillbeusedinindustrialproductionso

on.C.GreenchemistryisanewfieldwhereChinesescientistswillputmoreeffortson..D.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionwilltakeupallsugarproducti

onduetoitsefficiency.DMakingelectricityoutoffossilfuelsreleaseslotsofgreenhousegases,whichaccumulateintheatmosphereandheatuptheplane

t.Nuclearpower,ontheotherhand,hasthepotentialtobeanalmostunlimitedandmoreclimate-friendlyenergysource.That

isbecauseincontrasttofossilfuels,nogreenhousegasesarereleaseddirectlyduringtheimmediateuseofthefuel.However,there

arealsoseveralmajorproblems.First,theminingofnuclearfueliscostlyandenergyintensiveandcausesmanyenvironmen

talproblems.Second,nuclearenergyproductiongeneratessignificantamountsofradioactivewaste,whichisextremelydangerousifnothandledsafely.Finally,theentire

processrequiresverycomplexandenergyintensiveinfrastructure(基建),whichcontributestoindirectgreenhousegasemissions

.Weusecomputerandmathematicalmodelstounderstandifitmightbepossibletoredesignnuclearpowerstationsinawaythattheyrun

onnuclearwaste.Thiswouldreducethenegativeimpactsofcurrentandfuturenuclearpowergenerationimmensely.Ou

rmodelshowthatitisfeasible(可行的)toredesignnuclearpowerstationsinawaytheycanrunonspentnuclearfuel(SNF).Plu

s,theSNFdoesnothavetobefurthermodifiedbeforeitisused.Evenbetter,ouradvancednuclearpowerstationsdonot

produceanyadditionalwaste.Whiletheseinnovativepowerstationsdonotyetexist,ourresearchindicatesthattheyarearealpossibilityforthefut

ure.Inourresearch,so-calledmoltensaltreactorsseemapromisingcandidateforthenewtypeofnuclearpowerstationastheycouldberedesignedtorunonSNF.

Moltensaltreactorsoperateonfuelmeltinliquidsalt.Overalifetimeof60years,oneofthesereactorswould“eatup”roughly70tonsofS

NF.Thisamountaccumulatesin3to4yearsofoperationinatraditionalnuclearpowerstationofcomparablesize.Oursuggestedredesignwouldmakenuclearenergyg

enerationmuchmoreefficientandsustainable,asitcould“squeezeout”upto20timesmoreenergyfromalreadyspentnuclearfuel.Itwouldalsoelimina

teanySNFasasourceofhighlyproblematicwaste.Creatingnuclearpowerstationsthatcanrunonexistingnuclearwasteisaworthyendeavor,andourfeasibilityanaly

sisshowsthatitcanlikelybedone.However,weneedalotofinnovativeandmultidisciplinaryresearchtoputthisvisionintoreality.“Eatingup”radioactivewas

teasfuelwouldeliminatethelong-termstorageproblemofcurrentnuclearwaste.Also,itwouldrelieveusfromthecostsandenvironm

entaldamagesdonebyminingcurrentnuclearfuelandthecomplicatedprocessesrequiredforlongtermoperation.Thenewoper

ationalmodelwouldonlyconsistofmeltingtheSNF,operatingthereactor,andcleaningthefuelsalt.Allinall,itwoul

dreducemanyenvironmental,socialandpoliticalissuesofcurrentnuclearpowerproduction.Usingourcurrentnuclearwasteasfuelwouldallowustotakeful

ladvantageoftheclimate-friendlyaspectofnuclearpowergeneration.Eveninscienceandtechnology,it’simportanttorealizewhe

nwehavetorethinkourcurrentapproachesandwhatouroptionsareforimprovement.Currentnuclearpowerstationshaveb

eencreatedwithpasttechnologiesandgoalsinmind.Nowadays,somepeopleclaim,theymightcreateoftenmoreproblemsthantheysol

ve.Weneedinnovativealternativestoprovidesustainable,safeandcleanenergyforgenerationstocome.31.Whentalkingaboutthemajorproble

msofnuclearpowerproduction,theauthortriestosay________.A.nuclearenergyisnotenvironmental-friendlyB.nuclearpowerplant

sdeservetoberemodeledC.nuclearenergyisdangerousanddifficulttohandleD.nuclearpowerplantsarecomplexandhardtobuild32.Whatdoestheword“e

ndeavor”underlinedinParagraph6mostprobablymean?AattemptB.businessC.candidateD.design33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.

Theproposedreactorisfeasibleandlikelytobeputintouse.B.Theproposedreactoriseconomicalandoperationallyeffective.C.Theproposedreactor

cansolvethemajorproblemspreviouslymentionedinthepassage.D.TheproposedreactorcanuseupSNFfrommanytraditionalr

eactorsofcomparablesize.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Nuclearwaste=fuelofthefuture?B.Nuclearproblems=

effortstosolvethemC.Nuclearpower=cleanenergyforthefuture!D.Nuclearplants=innovationandmultidisciplinaryresearch第二

节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Haveyoubecomereallyinterestedinself-improvementlately?Thispursuitofmoreandbetterthing

s,whethertheybebetterhealth,clothes,ormoneyhasbeennormalized,butsometimestothedetrimentofpeople’swellbeing.Thisself-improvem

entmindsetcanmakeyoufeeldisempowered,likeyoushouldbesomeoneelse.Herearefivetime-wastingself-improvementhabitsthatareharmfultoyou.Ex

tremelyhighandunrealisticexpectationsHavinggoalscanbeveryhelpfulsinceitcanhelpgiveyousomethingtoworktowardsandplaceyourenergyinto.___35___Thisi

saharmfulhabitbecauseyou’renotfocusedonyourselfandyourenjoymentoflife,buton.achievingotherpeople’sideals.Remember,youdon’thavetobeperfect,youju

stneedtobeyourself.ThequickculturementalityTheideaabouthowyoumustnevergiveuporthatyoumustconstantlyhustle,evenatth

eexpenseofyourhealthcanbeverydamagingtoyourwellbeing.Sometimes,thingsjustdon’tworkoutandyouneedtogiveup,butthat’snotabadt

hing.___36___Asmuchastherearepeoplewhohavesupportthemselvesandothersbyworkinglonghours,constantlyhustlingwithouttakinganybreaksforyourselfto

getyourbearingsmayonlyleadtoburnout.Puttingaesthetics(审美)overhealthSocialmediacanbeatooltohelpyouchangeyourlifeforthebetter,itc

analsomisleadhowyouseeyourselfandothers.___37___Womenareimploredtogetdangerous,unnecessarycosmeticsurgeryandmenaretoldtobe

jackedandinthegymbyanymeansforthosegains,butourbodiesarenottrendsthatweshouldbeashamedof.InformationwithoutapplicationLikemanyothers,youmayde

cidetoapplytheself-improvementinformationonceyoufinishedreadingallofit,buttherearesomanybooksaboutitandn

ewoneskeepscomingout.___38___Aspowerfulasknowledgeis,appliedknowledgeisthebestkind.Don’tbeafraidtoapplywhatyou’velearntintotheworld.Vis

ualizationswithoutactionPerhapsyouseeyourselfasapainter,oryouwishyou’dhaveabighouse.Visualizingthelifeyouwantandputtingitouttherecanbeagrea

twaytogetyourselfmotivated.However,thiscanbecomeanissuewhenyouonlyputitoutthereanddreamaboutitwithnothinginbetweentobridg

ethegap.___39___Rememberthatyouhavetoactuallydoittogetthere.A.Itcanbeheartbreakingandtough,butitmaybenecessary.B.Itwillbetoobadifyouf

ailtokeepyourmomentumandworkon.C.Youneedtocreategreatexpectationsinordertodriveyourselfforward.D.Ifitlacksthestruct

ureandaction,allyoudreamtaboutisonlyadream.E.Howeveryoumightcreatewildexpectationswhicharetoomuchforyourself.F.Insteadof

promotinghealthylifestyles,itadvertisescertainbodytypesasdesirable.G.Allofthesehow-to’scanbehelpful,buttheyareu

selessifyoudon’tactuallyusethem.第三部分：书面表达(共两节,32分)第一节阅读表达(共4小题，共12分;第40、41小题,每小题2分;第42题,3分;第43题,5分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英

语回答问题。Japanstartedreleasingnuclear-contaminatedwaterintothePacificOceanonAugust24thandwillcontinuetodosoforatleast30years.Inthefaceofstrongqu

estioningandoppositionfromtheinternationalcommunity,Japan,playswordgamesbyreferringtothedischarged“nuclear-contaminatedwater”as

“treatednuclearwastewater”.However,thetwoarefundamentallydifferent.Nuclearwastewaterreferstothewastewaterproducedduring

thenormal,dailyoperationofanuclearpowerplant,suchaslargequantitiesofwaterusedtocooldownthereactoroftheplant.

Becausethewaterdoesn’ttouchradioactivesubstances(放射性物质)inthenuclearreactor,itcanbeflushedoutafterstrictprocessing.Nuclear-contaminatedwater

referstocoolingwaterthatcomesintodirectcontactwithradioactivematerialsinsidethereactorwhenthereactorisbre

achedafteranuclearaccident.Thecoolingwaterbecomescontaminatedwithhighlyradioactivesubstances,thusbecomingnuclear-con

taminatedwater.TheFukushimanuclearpowerplantexperiencedamajorincidentin2011,bringingwaterintocontactwithradioactivesub

stances.TheJapaneseside’sconflation(混淆)ofthiswithwastewaterfromnormaloperationsisadeceptiveattempttohidethetruth.TheJapanese

sideclaimsthatthemulti-nuclidetreatmentsystemALPSisusedtotreatnuclearcontaminatedwater,andthatthetreatedwaterissafeandevenmeetsdrinkingwat

erstandards.However,suchstatementsfailtoalleviatepublicconcerns.Japanhasyettoaddressmajorinternationalconcerns,suchasthelong-te

rmreliabilityofthepurificationfacility,theauthenticityandaccuracyofthenuclear-contaminatedwaterdata,andtheeffectivenessifthemonitoringarrangemen

t.Thisisextremelyselfishandirresponsible,asthedischargewillspreadtherisksofnuclearcontaminationtotheresto

ftheworld.40.HowdoestheJapanesemisleadtheinternationalcommunity?_________________________________________________________4

1.Inwhatwaynuclear-contaminatedwaterisdifferentfromnuclearwastewater.___________________________________________

______________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Japan’

sdeceptiveattemptstohidethetruthalleviatepublicconcernsoverthelong-termreliabilityofthepurificationfacility,etc._____________________________

____________________________43.HowisJapan’sdumpingnuclear-contaminatedwaterrelatedtoyou?(Inabout40words)_________________________________________

________________第二节(共20分)44.假如你是红星中学学生李华，你的学校准备以“选秀类节目是否对公众有益”为题举行一场英文辩论赛。作为一名参赛选手，请你表达自己的主张，并对自己的主张进行论证。内容应包括：1.你是否支持选秀类节目；2.你支持

或者反对的原因及依据。参考词汇：talentshow注意：1.词数：100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。______________________________________________________________

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