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丰台区2023～2024学年度第一学期期末练习高二英语2024.01考生须知：1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。2.本次练习所有答题均在答

题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上

答题无效。4.本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。笔试(共三部分100分)第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MybrotherandIwered

rivinghometogetherandbecameabsorbedinaconversation.Becauseofthis___1___,mybrothertookawrongturn.Unfortunately,thewrongturntookustowardsab

ridgeandwehadnowaytoturnback.Reluctantly(不情愿地),mybrotherpaidthebridgetollanddroveon.Hewasclearlyfrustratedbythemistakeandthe___

2___wasteof$4.Weeventuallyreachedanexitslip-wayand,aswetookit,mybrothernoticedacarthatstoppedbythero

adside.Ayoungguywasstandingnearby,lookinganxious.Iwasbusytryingto___3___whichwaywewentnextbutmybrotherpulledoverandaskedtheg

uyifheneededanyhelp.Andhedid.Hehada(n)___4___tire(轮胎)andneededawrenchtogetitoff.Mybrothergavehimawrench,thenproceededtohelphimc

hangetheflat.Theyoungmansaidthatthishadbeena(n)___5___weekforhim:earlierhehadgottenintoaminorcaraccident,andnowthisflatonhisw

ayhomefromwork.Hekeptthankingusbecausehereallywouldhavebeen___6___ifwehadn’tcomealong.Afterwehadfinishedthejob,hepulledout$20to

givetous.“No,”Isaid.“Wewerenever___7___toevengetonthatbridge.Wetookawrongturn.Butnowweknowwhywedid.Itwastohelpyou.Thankyouforturning

ourmistakeintoanopportunityto___8___.”WhatIlovedmostwaswatchingmybrotherthroughoutthisprocess.Hewasabletoseeachancetohel

p(whichItotallymissed!)eveninanotherwise___9___situation.Itcanonlycomefromacalmmindanda(n)____10____heart.1.A.distractionB.challe

ngeC.hesitationD.trouble2.A.pricelessB.countlessC.needlessD.useless3.A.debateonB.figureoutC.putforwardD.dealwit

h4.A.spareB.missingC.flatD.unusual5.A.excitingB.inspiringC.normalD.bad6.A.stuckB.injuredC.lostD.tricked7.A.allowedB.supposedC

.recommendedD.chosen8.A.learnB.tradeC.serveD.work9.A.complexB.negativeC.desperateD.dangerous10.A.braveB.simpleC.heavyD.open第二节(共10小题

;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Gathertogetheracoupleofgoodfriendsandtakealeisurelywalkthroughthestree

ts—thisis___11___manyyoungstersinChinaenjoydoingwhentheyvisitanewcity.ThisiscalledCitywalk,anewwayforyoungpeopletointeractwithacityandmakefriends

.Thetrendisspreadingfromfirst-tiercitiessuchasBeijingandShanghaitosecondandthird-tiercities,___12___(encourage)moreparticip

antstogetinvolved.SomecitieshaveincludedCitywalkintheirplans___13___(promote)culturaltourismandleisuretours.B阅读下面短文，根据

短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Overthepastseveraldecades,manydifferentbenefitsofhumor___14___(explore).Fewpeople

knowthathumorplaysanimportantroleinsocialinteractionswithpeers,andultimatelyinschoolsuccess.Schoolentryisthetime___15__

_parentsfadeintothebackgroundandsocialinteractionwithpeersbecomesincreasinglyimportant.Theuseofhumourthatissociallyacceptableleadstoalowerlikelih

oodofbeingbullied,whiletheuseofself-disparaging(自贬)humourleadstoa___16___(high)likelihoodofbeingbullied.C阅读下

面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Gotokindergarten,elementaryschool,highschool,andfinally,college.Mo

stAmericankids___17___(expect)bytheirparentstogetaneducationandhaveagoodlife.ForTaraWestover,theoutlookwasquitedifferent.___18___

(raise)inapoorfamilyinIdaho,Tarawasnotallowedtohaveapropereducation.Herfather___19___(keep)heroutofschool,believingawoman’sbes

tplacewasinthehome.HowdidTarafight___20___therighttogeteducated?FindtheanswerinthebestsellerEducated.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小

题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheUltimateGuidetoSTEMCompetitions&EventsSTEMcompetiti

onsallowindividualsorstudentteamstosolveaspecificchallengeorproblemthroughscience,technology,engineering,ormathematics.Th

efollowingsaredifferenteventsatthistime.CongressionalAppChallengeWhat:Studentsmustcodeandbuildanappbythemselves.T

heappsarejudgedindistrict-widecompetitions.Who:Highschoolstudents.When:FromJune15toNovember1,2023.Where:Online.Pri

ze:WinnersreceiveafreetriptodisplaytheirworkintheCapitolBuilding.RegeneronScienceTalentSearchWhat:Ent

rantsmustconductanoriginalindependentresearchproject.Besidesapplicationletters,recommendationlettersandtranscripts(成绩单)ar

ealsoneeded.Who:Anystudentintheirsenioryearofhighschool.When:FromJune1toNovember8,2023.Where:Selectedfinalistswillreceiveanall-expe

nses-paidtriptoWashingtonD.C.forin-depthjudging.Prize:Over$2millioninawardsaregiven;first-placeprizeis$250,000.T

HINKChallenges的What:Thiscompetitionisforhighschoolstudentswhoareintheearlystagesofanoriginalresearchproject,ratherthanbeingfullycompl

eted.Who:Highschoolstudents.When:2023registrationisclosed;2024detailsaretobedecidedandwilllikelyopeninNovember2023.Where:Onlin

e.Prize:Selectedfinalistsareinvitedtoa4-dayall-expenses-paidtriptoMIT’scampustomeetprofessorsintheirfieldofresearch!$1000willbegiven.SourceAmericaDes

ignChallengeWhat:StudentteamsaretouseSTEMconceptstocreateatotallynewproductthatempowerspeoplewithdisabil

ities.Who:Highschoolandcollegiate-levelstudents.When:RegistrationforDesignChallenge2022isstilllive!Where:The

finalstakeplaceinWashingtonD.C.Prize:Grandprizeis$8000perteamand$6,000totheaffiliatedschool.21.IntheSTEMcompetitions,participantscan________.A.des

ignanappbasedonjudges’choicesB.createaninventiontohelpthedisabledC.presentafullycompletedresearchprojectD.getrecommendationlettersfrompr

ofessors22.Ifsomeonewantstowinafreetriptoauniversity,theonewilljoinin________.A.THINKChallengesB.CongressionalAppChallengeC.Regene

ronScienceTalentSearchD.SourceAmericaDesignChallenge23.Whichisarequirementforalltheapplicants?A.Theymustbeavailableforanout

ingtrip.B.Theymustregister2023competitions.C.Theymustbehighschoolseniors.D.Theymustsubmitoriginalworks.BA12-ye

ar-oldgirlfromMillerMiddleSchoolinSanJosehaswonthetopprizewith$25,000inasciencefair.Herinventionisanewfiredetectionsystemthat

canfasterdetect(探测)theheatsources.It’salsocheaperandmorereliablethansmokedetectors.Inthesummerof2022,aresta

urantbehindShanya’shousewasburnedtotheground.Sincethen,Shanya’smotherbecameincreasinglycautiousaboutthestoveinthekitchen.Itwasn’tthattherestaurant

didn’thavesmokedetectors,buttheyrequirethereisasignificantamountofsmokefirst,whichcansometimesmeanafirehasalreadystartedand

gottenoutofcontrol.Thisincidentinspiredhertocreateafiredetectionsystemtohelppeoplesufferless,lossfromfires.Oneday,Shanyadiscoveredthatthermalcameras

candetectheatlossinhomesduringwintermonths.Shewonderedifthesecamerascouldalsospothousefiresmorequicklythant

raditionalsmokedetectors.Shanyaconnectedanaffordablethermalcameratoatinycomputer.Sheprogrammedhersystemtodifferentiateb

etweenpeople—whichwereidentifiedaswarmmovingobjects—andheatsources,suchasaturned-ongasburner,whichwereidentifiedashotobjectsthatremainedstill.T

hesystemcansendatextmessagewhenitdetectsafirebutnohumanpresenceforacontinuous10-minuteperiod.Shanyaconductedmultipletrialsatvarioustimesofdayandw

ithpeopleenteringthecamera’sviewfromdifferentdirections.Intheend,Shanya’ssystemaccuratelydetectedhumanpresence98%ofthetimeandheatsources97%

ofthetime.Shanyadeterminedthatthebestplaceforthedetectorwouldbeonthewallabovethestovebutunderthestoverange—thisall

oweditssensorstohaveclearaccesstothemostlikelylocationswhereafiremightstartinakitchen.Afterhervictory,t

he12-year-oldhassaidshewantstorefinethedevicebycombiningitwithasmartphoneapp.Theappwillallowuserstoquicklyswitchovertoacameraafterreceiving

atextmessagesotheycanseeifthealertiscorrect.24.WhydidShanyainventthenewfiredetectionsystem?A.Tocompeteinthesciencefair.B.

Torelieveheranxietyaboutfire.C.Tohelpreducepeople’sfireloss.D.Tomarketitformassproduction.25.Whenthekitche

nisonfire,Shanya’sfiredetectionsystemcan________.AfindoutheatsourcesB.giveafirealarmC.recordtheburningpro

cessD.identifydifferentpeople26.Tomakethedetectionsystemmoreaccurate,Shanya________.A.testedallkindsofsensorsB.placeditontheceilingC.conducted

someexperimentsD.combineditwithanapp27.Accordingtothepassage,whichcanbestdescribeShanya?A.Outgoingandsmart.B.Helpfulandgenerous.C.Modestanddetermine

d.D.Creativeandhardworking.CForsomeitisthesoundofabouncingbasketball.Forotherstheclearingofathroat.ForDr.JaneGregorythelistincludespigeons,t

ickingclocksandthesoundofpopcornbeingeaten.“Icriedontheplanetheotherdaybecause.Icouldn’tfigureoutthevol

umeonmynewheadphonesandsoIcouldn’tblockoutthesoundofaguysniffing,”shesays.Gregoryisamongthosewhoexperiencemisophon

ia,aphenomenoninwhichparticularsoundscanproveunbearable,triggering(引起)emotionsfromanxietyandpanictoshameandanger.Nowinherbook,SoundsLikeMisoph

onia,theacademicisonamissiontoexplorewhat’sbehindit,andtohelpthoseaffectedcope.Gregory,aclinicalpsychologistattheUniver

sityofOxford,suggestsmisophoniaisfarfrombeingasimplesensitivitytosound.Itcanbefedbyacomplexinterplayoffactors,includingal

owerabilitytofilteroutcertainnoises,theassociationofnegativemeaningswithparticularsounds,andtheburdenoffeelingsassociatedwithanemotional

responsetothem.Yet,thephenomenonwaslargelyunknownuntilthe2010s.Inonestudy,researchersaskedpeoplewithhighandl

owtraitsofmisophoniatolistenoutfora“trigger”soundinthepresenceofamaskingsound.Bothgroupsdetectedthetriggerjustaseasily.“

Thepersonwithmisophoniahadamoreintensereaction,butonlyaftertheyidentifiedwhatthesoundwas,”addsGregory.Thoseresults,shesays,suggestthatpeoplewi

thmisophoniaarenotinherentlybetteratdetectingparticularsounds,suchasasnifforarustle—rathertheymightbelisteningoutforthemmore,ornotbeasgoodaso

thersattuningthemout.Thisisatrait,Gregoryspeculates,thatmighthaveofferedourancestorsanevolutionaryadvantage,suchashelpingthem

todetecthidingpredators.Anotherimplicationoftheresearch,Gregorysays,isthatitisnotjusttheauditoryfeatureso

fthesoundsthatcausenegativereactionsbutthemeaningattachedtothem.Anexamplewouldbeareactiontothejinglingofadog’scollarafterbeingfrightenedbyana

ggressivedog.Gregoryhopesherbookwillsupportthosetoooftentoldtoignoresounds.Shesays:“Theemotionalreactionismuchmo

recomplexthanjustbeingannoyed...Theyfeeltrappedandhelplesswhentheyencounterthesesounds.Ifyouthinkit’snothing,thenyou’renotexperiencingwhatthis

personisexperiencing.”28.Misophoniaisaphenomenonwhere________.ApeoplefailtorecognizeparticularsoundsB.specificsoun

dscausenegativeemotionsC.differentfeelingsaremixeduptogetherD.peoplelosecontroloftheiremotions29.Whichofthefollowingmightbeth

ecauseofmisophonia?A.Triggersoundsofsimilarorigins.B.Disabilitytoignorecertainsounds.C.Understandingofpar

ticularsounds.D.Inbornabilitytotellcertainsounds.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Todetectcertainsoundsisasolutiontomisop

honia.B.Peoplewithmisophoniaarewellunderstoodbyothers..C.Peoplecanbenefitfrommisophoniainsomesituations.D.Objectsrelatedtosoundsma

ytriggernegativereactions.DTheneedforclarityextendsbeyondhowwecommunicatesciencetohowweevaluateit.Whocanreallydefines

tockphrasessuchas‘asignificantcontributiontoresearch’?Orunderstandwhat‘highimpact’or‘world-class’mean?Scientistsdemandth

atinstitutionsshouldbeclearabouttheircriteriaandconsiderallscholarlyoutputs—preprints,code,data,peerreview,teaching,mentorin

gandsoon.Myviewaboutthepracticesinresearchassessmentisthatmostassessmentguidelinespermitslidingstandards:insteadofclearl

ydefinedterms,theygiveusfeel-goodslogansthatlackanyfixedmeaning.Facingtheproblemwillgetusmuchofthewaytowards

asolution.Broadlanguageincreasesroomformisunderstanding.‘Highimpact’canbecodeforwhereresearchispublished.Oritcanmeantheeffectthatresearchhashadonit

sfield,oronsocietylocallyorglobally—oftenverydifferentthings.Yetconfusionistheleastoftheproblems.Wordssuchas‘world-class’and

‘excellent’allowassessorstovarycomparisonsdependingonwhoseworktheyareassessing.Academia(学术界)cannotbeafairandreasonablesystemif

standardschangedependingonwhomweareevaluating.Unconsciousbias(偏见)associatedwithfactorssuchasaresearcher’sgender,ethnico

riginandsocialbackgroundhelpstheacademicinjusticecontinue.Itwasonlywithdouble-blindreviewofresearchproposalsthatwomenfinallygotfairaccesstothe

HubbleSpaceTelescope.Manystrategiesexisttoimprovefairnessinacademia,butconceptualclarityisparamount.Beingclearabouthows

pecificqualitiesarevaluedleadsassessorstothinkcriticallyaboutwhetherthosequalitiesaretrulybeingconsidered.Achievingthatconceptualc

larityrequiresdiscussionwithfaculties,staffandstudents:hoursandhoursofit.TheUniversityMedicalCenterUtrech

tintheNetherlands,forexample,heldaseriesofconversations,eachinvolving20-60researchers,andthenspentanotheryearrevisingit

sresearchassessmentpoliciestorecognizesocialimpacts.Frankconversationsaboutwhatisvaluedinaparticularcontext,orataspecificinstitution,areanessen

tialfirststepindevelopingconcreterecommendations.Althoughambiguous(模棱两可的)terms,forinstance‘world-class’and‘significant’,areabarrierw

henperformingassessments,universityadministratorshavesaidthattheyrelyonflexiblelanguagetomakeroomtorewardavarietyofc

ontributions.Soitmakessensethatmorespecificlanguageinreviewandpromotionmustbeabletoaccommodatevariedoutputs,outcomesandimpactsofscholarlywork.Se

ttingspecificstandardswillbetough.Itwillbeinvitingtofallbackonthemisleadingstandardssuchasimpactfactors,oronambi

guoustermsthatcanbeagreedtobyeveryonebutappliedwiselybynoone.Itistooearlytoknowwhatthosestandardswillbeorhowmuchth

eywillvary,buttherightdiscussionsarestartingtohappen.Theymustcontinue.31.Regardingthecurrentpracticesinresea

rchassessment,theauthoris________.A.supportiveB.puzzledC.unconcernedD.disapproving32.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Biasonassessorscanc

auseinequality.B.Frankconversationsharmscholarlywork.C.Specificqualitiesneedtobeclearlystated.D.Broadlanguageensuresacademicfairne

ss.33.Whatdoestheword“paramount”underlinedinPara.4mostprobablymean?A.primary.B.recognized.C.optional.D.accomplished.34.Whichwouldbet

hebesttitleforthepassage?A.Fixresearchassessment.Changeslogansforclearstandards.B.Fixresearchassessment.Changeevaluationsf

orconversations.C.Defineresearchassessment.Changesimplicityforspecification.D.Defineresearchassessment.Changebroadlangua

geforflexibleone.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Bingohasbeenabelovedgameforgenerations,andforg

oodreason.___35___Whetheryou’relookingforawaytospendsomequalitytimewithfriendsandfamily,oryou’rejustlookingforafunactivitytodo

athome,hostingyourownbingopartyisagreatoption.___36___First,uparethebingocards.Youcaneitherchoosetocreateyouro

wnbingocardsorusepre-madeonesavailableonline.You’llalsoneedbingomarkers,whichcanbeanythingfromsmallpiecesofpapertopenniesorevencandy.Oncey

ouhaveyoursupplies,it’stimetoinviteyourguests.Youcaninviteyourfriendsandfamilyoverforafunnightofbingo,ory

oucanevenhostavirtualbingopartyovervideochat.___37___Shouldyoubehostingavirtualparty,makesuretosendoutthevideochatlin

kaheadoftime.Onceeveryonehasarrived,it’stimetostartthegame!___38___Eachcardshouldhaveauniquecombinationofnumbersonitranging

from1to90.Makesurethatallplayershaveapenormarkertotakedownthenumbersastheyarecalledout.Thecallerisres

ponsiblefordrawingthenumbersandcallingthemouttotheplayers.Playerskeepmarkingthenumbersontheircardsuntilsomeoneachievesawinningpattern

.Therearevariouswinningpatternsinbingo,suchascompletingarow,column,ordiagonalline,orachievingaspecificshapeordesign

onthebingocard.___39___Whenaplayerachievesthewinningpattern,theyshouldcallout“Bingo”loudandcleartosignalthattheyhavewon.Thegoalh

ereistohavefun.Whilesomeorganizationisrequired,trynottotunitintoamilitaryoperation.Afterall,bingoisthetypeofgame

thatcanbringpeopletogetherandcreateafunandexcitingatmosphere.A.Handoutthebingocardstoeachplayer.B.Youcanaskyourgueststobringtheirfavourite

bingoballs,cardsandmarkers.C.Itshouldbedecidedbeforethegamestarts,andknowntoallplayers.D.Tohostyourownbingoparty,you’llneedafewsuppli

es.E.Insteadofusingtraditionalbingonumbersandletters,mixitupwithdifferentthemes.F.Ifyou’rehostinganin-personpart

y,makesuretoletyourguestsknowwhattimetoarrive.G.It’safun,excitinggameandcanbeenjoyedbypeopleofallages.第三部分书面表达(共两节

，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Nowadays,alotofyoungpeopleseemtospendmuchoftheirfreeti

meeitherwatchingtelevisionorplayingcomputergames.Certainly,thesethingsareentertaining,buttheydon’tcontributemuchtodevelopingtheirbr

ains.Manybelievethatreadingbooks,andespeciallyfiction,isamuchmoreeffectivewayofachievingthis.Themostobviousbenefitwegetfromreadingag

oodstoryisagrowingvocabulary.Wecomeacrossnewwordsinreadingandtrytounderstandthesewordsthroughcontext.Gradually,webecomemoreconfidentwith

complexwords.Inaddition,weimproveinotherareassuchasspeakingandwritingjustbyreadingregularly.Ithasalsobeenestablishedthatreadingfictionisagoodwayof

developingagoodself-image.Non-readersorpoorreadersoftenhavelowopinionsofthemselves.Besidestheymayperformpoorlyino

thersubjectsbecausetheycannotreadandunderstandthematerial.Mostimportantly,however,readingfictionhelpsustodevelopourbrains.Thehumanbraincanwor

kwellwhenwejustdoregularthings,likedrivingorwalking.However,learningexpertDr.BrianE.Walshsuggestedthatitcanpe

rformmoreeffectivelywhenanelementofsurpriseisadded,becausethishelpstobuildconnectionsinthebrain.Inthis

respect,thepositiveeffectsofreadingmaybemuchstrongerthanpreviouslythought.Recentresearchhasshownthatthebrainreac

tsmorestronglytounpredictablethantopredictablethings.Thismayexplainwhypeopleenjoyreadingfiction,whichgenerallycontainslotsofunpredictablethin

gs.Readingfiction,enablesustoexperiencefreshscenarios(情节)andidentifywiththepeoplewearereadingabout.Whenwementallycreatethescenes,the

lookofthecharacters,thesmells,andthesoundsinthebook,weareexercisingourbrain.Thebrainischallenged.Thisisapositivethingbecauseitwillcontinu

etogrowanddevelopifproperlystimulated.Themoreitisused,thebetteritbecomes.40.Howdoesreadinghelpusimprov

evocabulary?______________________________________________________________________41.Whataretheproblemsforpe

oplewhoseldomreadaccordingtothepassage?____________________________________________________________________

__42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Readingfictionhasmorepositiveeffectsonourbrainsincefictionshow

smorepredictablethingsinourdailylife.______________________________________________________________________43.Apartfromwhatarementionedinthepassag

e,whatotherbenefit(s)haveyougainedfromreadingfiction?_____________________________________________________________________

_第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim要参加主题为“Themeaningoflearning”的演讲比赛，来信询问你对学习的意义的理解或看法。请你给他写一封电子邮件，

内容包括：1.你对学习意义的理解或看法；2.预祝他比赛成功。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________Yours.LiHua