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丰台区2023～2024学年度第一学期期末练习高二英语2024.01考生须知：1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘

贴区”贴好条形码。2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在

练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。4.本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。笔试(共三部分100分)第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑

。MybrotherandIweredrivinghometogetherandbecameabsorbedinaconversation.Becauseofthis___1___,mybrother

tookawrongturn.Unfortunately,thewrongturntookustowardsabridgeandwehadnowaytoturnback.Reluctantly(不情愿地),m

ybrotherpaidthebridgetollanddroveon.Hewasclearlyfrustratedbythemistakeandthe___2___wasteof$4.Weeventuallyreach

edanexitslip-wayand,aswetookit,mybrothernoticedacarthatstoppedbytheroadside.Ayoungguywasstandingnearby,lookinganxi

ous.Iwasbusytryingto___3___whichwaywewentnextbutmybrotherpulledoverandaskedtheguyifheneededanyhelp.Andhedid.Hehada(n)___4___tire(轮胎)andne

ededawrenchtogetitoff.Mybrothergavehimawrench,thenproceededtohelphimchangetheflat.Theyoungmansaidthatthishadbeena(n)___5___weekforhim:earl

ierhehadgottenintoaminorcaraccident,andnowthisflatonhiswayhomefromwork.Hekeptthankingusbecausehereallywouldhavebeen___6___ifwehadn’tcomealong.A

fterwehadfinishedthejob,hepulledout$20togivetous.“No,”Isaid.“Wewerenever___7___toevengetonthatbridge.Wetookaw

rongturn.Butnowweknowwhywedid.Itwastohelpyou.Thankyouforturningourmistakeintoanopportunityto___8___.”WhatIlovedmostwaswatchingmybrotherthroughoutt

hisprocess.Hewasabletoseeachancetohelp(whichItotallymissed!)eveninanotherwise___9___situation.Itcanonlycomef

romacalmmindanda(n)____10____heart.1.A.distractionB.challengeC.hesitationD.trouble2.A.pricelessB.countlessC.needlessD.useless3.A.debateonB.figureoutC

.putforwardD.dealwith4.A.spareB.missingC.flatD.unusual5.A.excitingB.inspiringC.normalD.bad6.A.stuckB.injuredC.lostD.tricked7.A.allowedB.s

upposedC.recommendedD.chosen8.A.learnB.tradeC.serveD.work9.A.complexB.negativeC.desperateD.dangerous10.A.

braveB.simpleC.heavyD.open第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。G

athertogetheracoupleofgoodfriendsandtakealeisurelywalkthroughthestreets—thisis___11___manyyoungstersinChinaenjoydoingwhen

theyvisitanewcity.ThisiscalledCitywalk,anewwayforyoungpeopletointeractwithacityandmakefriends.Thetrendisspreadingfromfirst-tiercitiessuchasBeijingan

dShanghaitosecondandthird-tiercities,___12___(encourage)moreparticipantstogetinvolved.SomecitieshaveincludedCitywalkintheirplans___13___(pro

mote)culturaltourismandleisuretours.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Overthepastseveraldecades,manydi

fferentbenefitsofhumor___14___(explore).Fewpeopleknowthathumorplaysanimportantroleinsocialinteractionswithpeers,andultimatelyinschoolsuccess.Schoolen

tryisthetime___15___parentsfadeintothebackgroundandsocialinteractionwithpeersbecomesincreasinglyimportant.Theuseofhumourthatissocia

llyacceptableleadstoalowerlikelihoodofbeingbullied,whiletheuseofself-disparaging(自贬)humourleadstoa___16___(high)likelihoodo

fbeingbullied.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Gotokindergarten,elementaryschool,highschool,andfinally

,college.MostAmericankids___17___(expect)bytheirparentstogetaneducationandhaveagoodlife.ForTaraWestover,theoutlookw

asquitedifferent.___18___(raise)inapoorfamilyinIdaho,Tarawasnotallowedtohaveapropereducation.Herfather___19___(keep)heroutofschool,beli

evingawoman’sbestplacewasinthehome.HowdidTarafight___20___therighttogeteducated?Findtheanswerinthebestselle

rEducated.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheUltimateGuidetoST

EMCompetitions&EventsSTEMcompetitionsallowindividualsorstudentteamstosolveaspecificchallengeorproblemthroughscience,technology,e

ngineering,ormathematics.Thefollowingsaredifferenteventsatthistime.CongressionalAppChallengeWhat:Studentsmustcodeandbuildanappbyt

hemselves.Theappsarejudgedindistrict-widecompetitions.Who:Highschoolstudents.When:FromJune15toNovember1,2023.Where:Online.Prize:Winnersre

ceiveafreetriptodisplaytheirworkintheCapitolBuilding.RegeneronScienceTalentSearchWhat:Entrantsmustconductanoriginalindependentresearchproject.Beside

sapplicationletters,recommendationlettersandtranscripts(成绩单)arealsoneeded.Who:Anystudentintheirsenioryearofhighschool

.When:FromJune1toNovember8,2023.Where:Selectedfinalistswillreceiveanall-expenses-paidtriptoWashingtonD.C.forin-depthjudging.Prize:

Over$2millioninawardsaregiven;first-placeprizeis$250,000.THINKChallenges的What:Thiscompetitionisforhighschoolst

udentswhoareintheearlystagesofanoriginalresearchproject,ratherthanbeingfullycompleted.Who:Highschoolstudents.When:2023registration

isclosed;2024detailsaretobedecidedandwilllikelyopeninNovember2023.Where:Online.Prize:Selectedfinalistsareinvitedtoa4-dayall-expense

s-paidtriptoMIT’scampustomeetprofessorsintheirfieldofresearch!$1000willbegiven.SourceAmericaDesignChallengeWhat:Student

teamsaretouseSTEMconceptstocreateatotallynewproductthatempowerspeoplewithdisabilities.Who:Highschoolandcolle

giate-levelstudents.When:RegistrationforDesignChallenge2022isstilllive!Where:ThefinalstakeplaceinWashingtonD.C.Prize:Gra

ndprizeis$8000perteamand$6,000totheaffiliatedschool.21.IntheSTEMcompetitions,participantscan________.A.desi

gnanappbasedonjudges’choicesB.createaninventiontohelpthedisabledC.presentafullycompletedresearchprojectD.getrecommendationlett

ersfromprofessors22.Ifsomeonewantstowinafreetriptoauniversity,theonewilljoinin________.A.THINKChallengesB.Congress

ionalAppChallengeC.RegeneronScienceTalentSearchD.SourceAmericaDesignChallenge23.Whichisarequirementforalltheappli

cants?A.Theymustbeavailableforanoutingtrip.B.Theymustregister2023competitions.C.Theymustbehighschoolseniors.D.Theymustsubmitor

iginalworks.BA12-year-oldgirlfromMillerMiddleSchoolinSanJosehaswonthetopprizewith$25,000inasciencefair.Herinventionisanewfiredetectionsystemthatcanf

asterdetect(探测)theheatsources.It’salsocheaperandmorereliablethansmokedetectors.Inthesummerof2022,arestaurantb

ehindShanya’shousewasburnedtotheground.Sincethen,Shanya’smotherbecameincreasinglycautiousaboutthestoveinthekitchen.Itwas

n’tthattherestaurantdidn’thavesmokedetectors,buttheyrequirethereisasignificantamountofsmokefirst,whichcansometimesmeanafirehasalreadystarteda

ndgottenoutofcontrol.Thisincidentinspiredhertocreateafiredetectionsystemtohelppeoplesufferless,lossfromfires.Oneday,Shanyadiscoveredthatthermalcam

erascandetectheatlossinhomesduringwintermonths.Shewonderedifthesecamerascouldalsospothousefiresmorequicklythantraditionalsmokedetectors.Shanyaconnect

edanaffordablethermalcameratoatinycomputer.Sheprogrammedhersystemtodifferentiatebetweenpeople—whichwereidentifiedas

warmmovingobjects—andheatsources,suchasaturned-ongasburner,whichwereidentifiedashotobjectsthatremainedstill

.Thesystemcansendatextmessagewhenitdetectsafirebutnohumanpresenceforacontinuous10-minuteperiod.Shanyaconductedmulti

pletrialsatvarioustimesofdayandwithpeopleenteringthecamera’sviewfromdifferentdirections.Intheend,Shanya’ssyst

emaccuratelydetectedhumanpresence98%ofthetimeandheatsources97%ofthetime.Shanyadeterminedthatthebestpla

ceforthedetectorwouldbeonthewallabovethestovebutunderthestoverange—thisalloweditssensorstohavecleara

ccesstothemostlikelylocationswhereafiremightstartinakitchen.Afterhervictory,the12-year-oldhassaidshewantstorefinethedevicebycombiningitwithasmart

phoneapp.Theappwillallowuserstoquicklyswitchovertoacameraafterreceivingatextmessagesotheycanseeifthealertiscorrect.24.WhydidShanyainventthenewfired

etectionsystem?A.Tocompeteinthesciencefair.B.Torelieveheranxietyaboutfire.C.Tohelpreducepeople’sfireloss.D.Tomarketitformasspro

duction.25.Whenthekitchenisonfire,Shanya’sfiredetectionsystemcan________.AfindoutheatsourcesB.giveafirealarmC.recordtheburningprocessD.identifydif

ferentpeople26.Tomakethedetectionsystemmoreaccurate,Shanya________.A.testedallkindsofsensorsB.placeditontheceilingC.conducteds

omeexperimentsD.combineditwithanapp27.Accordingtothepassage,whichcanbestdescribeShanya?A.Outgoingandsmart.B.Helpfulandgenerous.C

.Modestanddetermined.D.Creativeandhardworking.CForsomeitisthesoundofabouncingbasketball.Forotherstheclearingofathroat.ForDr.Ja

neGregorythelistincludespigeons,tickingclocksandthesoundofpopcornbeingeaten.“Icriedontheplanetheotherdaybecause.Icouldn’tfigureoutthevol

umeonmynewheadphonesandsoIcouldn’tblockoutthesoundofaguysniffing,”shesays.Gregoryisamongthosewhoexperiencemisophonia,aphenomenoninwhi

chparticularsoundscanproveunbearable,triggering(引起)emotionsfromanxietyandpanictoshameandanger.Nowinherbook,SoundsLikeMisophonia,theacademicisona

missiontoexplorewhat’sbehindit,andtohelpthoseaffectedcope.Gregory,aclinicalpsychologistattheUniversityofOxford

,suggestsmisophoniaisfarfrombeingasimplesensitivitytosound.Itcanbefedbyacomplexinterplayoffactors,includingalowerabilitytofilt

eroutcertainnoises,theassociationofnegativemeaningswithparticularsounds,andtheburdenoffeelingsassociatedwithanemo

tionalresponsetothem.Yet,thephenomenonwaslargelyunknownuntilthe2010s.Inonestudy,researchersaskedpeoplewithhighandlowtra

itsofmisophoniatolistenoutfora“trigger”soundinthepresenceofamaskingsound.Bothgroupsdetectedthetriggerjustaseasily.“Thepersonwithmisophoniahadam

oreintensereaction,butonlyaftertheyidentifiedwhatthesoundwas,”addsGregory.Thoseresults,shesays,suggestthatpeop

lewithmisophoniaarenotinherentlybetteratdetectingparticularsounds,suchasasnifforarustle—rathertheymightbelisteningoutforthemm

ore,ornotbeasgoodasothersattuningthemout.Thisisatrait,Gregoryspeculates,thatmighthaveofferedourancestorsanevolutionaryadvantage,suchashe

lpingthemtodetecthidingpredators.Anotherimplicationoftheresearch,Gregorysays,isthatitisnotjusttheauditoryfeaturesofthesoundsthatcau

senegativereactionsbutthemeaningattachedtothem.Anexamplewouldbeareactiontothejinglingofadog’scollarafterbeingfrightenedbyanaggressivedog.Grego

ryhopesherbookwillsupportthosetoooftentoldtoignoresounds.Shesays:“Theemotionalreactionismuchmorecomplexthanjustbeingann

oyed...Theyfeeltrappedandhelplesswhentheyencounterthesesounds.Ifyouthinkit’snothing,thenyou’renotexperiencingwhatthisperson

isexperiencing.”28.Misophoniaisaphenomenonwhere________.ApeoplefailtorecognizeparticularsoundsB.specificsoundscauseneg

ativeemotionsC.differentfeelingsaremixeduptogetherD.peoplelosecontroloftheiremotions29.Whichofthefollowingmightbetheca

useofmisophonia?A.Triggersoundsofsimilarorigins.B.Disabilitytoignorecertainsounds.C.Understandingofparticula

rsounds.D.Inbornabilitytotellcertainsounds.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Todetectcertainsoundsisasoluti

ontomisophonia.B.Peoplewithmisophoniaarewellunderstoodbyothers..C.Peoplecanbenefitfrommisophoniainsomesituations.D.Objectsrelated

tosoundsmaytriggernegativereactions.DTheneedforclarityextendsbeyondhowwecommunicatesciencetohowweevaluateit.Whocanreal

lydefinestockphrasessuchas‘asignificantcontributiontoresearch’?Orunderstandwhat‘highimpact’or‘world-class’mean

?Scientistsdemandthatinstitutionsshouldbeclearabouttheircriteriaandconsiderallscholarlyoutputs—preprints,code,data,peerreview,teaching,mentoringan

dsoon.Myviewaboutthepracticesinresearchassessmentisthatmostassessmentguidelinespermitslidingstandards:insteadofclearlydefinedterms,the

ygiveusfeel-goodslogansthatlackanyfixedmeaning.Facingtheproblemwillgetusmuchofthewaytowardsasolution.Broadlanguage

increasesroomformisunderstanding.‘Highimpact’canbecodeforwhereresearchispublished.Oritcanmeantheeffectthatresearchhashadonit

sfield,oronsocietylocallyorglobally—oftenverydifferentthings.Yetconfusionistheleastoftheproblems.Wordss

uchas‘world-class’and‘excellent’allowassessorstovarycomparisonsdependingonwhoseworktheyareassessing.Academia(学术界)cannotbeafairandrea

sonablesystemifstandardschangedependingonwhomweareevaluating.Unconsciousbias(偏见)associatedwithfactorssuchasaresearcher’sgender,ethnicorigina

ndsocialbackgroundhelpstheacademicinjusticecontinue.Itwasonlywithdouble-blindreviewofresearchproposalsthatwome

nfinallygotfairaccesstotheHubbleSpaceTelescope.Manystrategiesexisttoimprovefairnessinacademia,butconceptualcl

arityisparamount.Beingclearabouthowspecificqualitiesarevaluedleadsassessorstothinkcriticallyaboutwhetherthosequalitiesaretrulybeingconsidered.Achievi

ngthatconceptualclarityrequiresdiscussionwithfaculties,staffandstudents:hoursandhoursofit.TheUniversityMedicalCenterUtrechtinthe

Netherlands,forexample,heldaseriesofconversations,eachinvolving20-60researchers,andthenspentanotheryearrevisingitsresearchassessmentpoliciestorecog

nizesocialimpacts.Frankconversationsaboutwhatisvaluedinaparticularcontext,orataspecificinstitution,areanessentialfirstste

pindevelopingconcreterecommendations.Althoughambiguous(模棱两可的)terms,forinstance‘world-class’and‘significant’,areabarrierwhe

nperformingassessments,universityadministratorshavesaidthattheyrelyonflexiblelanguagetomakeroomtorewardavarietyofcontributio

ns.Soitmakessensethatmorespecificlanguageinreviewandpromotionmustbeabletoaccommodatevariedoutputs,outcomesandimpactsofscholarlywork

.Settingspecificstandardswillbetough.Itwillbeinvitingtofallbackonthemisleadingstandardssuchasimpactfactors,oronambiguoustermsthatca

nbeagreedtobyeveryonebutappliedwiselybynoone.Itistooearlytoknowwhatthosestandardswillbeorhowmuchtheywillvary,buttherig

htdiscussionsarestartingtohappen.Theymustcontinue.31.Regardingthecurrentpracticesinresearchassessment,theauthoris________.

A.supportiveB.puzzledC.unconcernedD.disapproving32.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Biasonassessorscancauseinequality.

B.Frankconversationsharmscholarlywork.C.Specificqualitiesneedtobeclearlystated.D.Broadlanguageensuresacademicfairness.33.What

doestheword“paramount”underlinedinPara.4mostprobablymean?A.primary.B.recognized.C.optional.D.accompl

ished.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Fixresearchassessment.Changeslogansforclearstandards.B.Fixresearchassessment.Chang

eevaluationsforconversations.C.Defineresearchassessment.Changesimplicityforspecification.D.Defineresearchassessment.Changebroadlanguag

eforflexibleone.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Bingohasbeenabelovedgameforgenerations,andforgoodreason

.___35___Whetheryou’relookingforawaytospendsomequalitytimewithfriendsandfamily,oryou’rejustlookingforafunactivitytodoatho

me,hostingyourownbingopartyisagreatoption.___36___First,uparethebingocards.Youcaneitherchoosetocreate

yourownbingocardsorusepre-madeonesavailableonline.You’llalsoneedbingomarkers,whichcanbeanythingfromsmallpi

ecesofpapertopenniesorevencandy.Onceyouhaveyoursupplies,it’stimetoinviteyourguests.Youcaninviteyourfriendsandfamilyov

erforafunnightofbingo,oryoucanevenhostavirtualbingopartyovervideochat.___37___Shouldyoubehostingavirtualparty,makesuretosendoutthevideochatl

inkaheadoftime.Onceeveryonehasarrived,it’stimetostartthegame!___38___Eachcardshouldhaveauniquecombinationofnumbersonitrangingfrom1to90.Makesurethatal

lplayershaveapenormarkertotakedownthenumbersastheyarecalledout.Thecallerisresponsiblefordrawingthenumbersandcallingthe

mouttotheplayers.Playerskeepmarkingthenumbersontheircardsuntilsomeoneachievesawinningpattern.Therearevariouswinningpatternsinbingo,su

chascompletingarow,column,ordiagonalline,orachievingaspecificshapeordesignonthebingocard.___39___Whenaplayerachievesthewinningpattern,the

yshouldcallout“Bingo”loudandcleartosignalthattheyhavewon.Thegoalhereistohavefun.Whilesomeorganizationisrequired,trynottotuniti

ntoamilitaryoperation.Afterall,bingoisthetypeofgamethatcanbringpeopletogetherandcreateafunandexcitingatmosphere.A.Handoutthebi

ngocardstoeachplayer.B.Youcanaskyourgueststobringtheirfavouritebingoballs,cardsandmarkers.C.Itshouldbedecidedbeforethegamestarts,andknowntoallplayers

.D.Tohostyourownbingoparty,you’llneedafewsupplies.E.Insteadofusingtraditionalbingonumbersandletters,mixitupwithdifferenttheme

s.F.Ifyou’rehostinganin-personparty,makesuretoletyourguestsknowwhattimetoarrive.G.It’safun,excitinggameandcanbeenjoyedbypeopleof

allages.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Nowadays,alotofyoungpeopleseemtospendmuchoft

heirfreetimeeitherwatchingtelevisionorplayingcomputergames.Certainly,thesethingsareentertaining,buttheydon’tcontributemuchtodevelopingt

heirbrains.Manybelievethatreadingbooks,andespeciallyfiction,isamuchmoreeffectivewayofachievingthis.Themostobviousbenefitwegetf

romreadingagoodstoryisagrowingvocabulary.Wecomeacrossnewwordsinreadingandtrytounderstandthesewordsthroughcontext.Gradu

ally,webecomemoreconfidentwithcomplexwords.Inaddition,weimproveinotherareassuchasspeakingandwritingjustbyreadingregularly.Ithasalsobeenestablishedtha

treadingfictionisagoodwayofdevelopingagoodself-image.Non-readersorpoorreadersoftenhavelowopinionsofthemselves.Besidestheymayp

erformpoorlyinothersubjectsbecausetheycannotreadandunderstandthematerial.Mostimportantly,however,readingfictionhelpsus

todevelopourbrains.Thehumanbraincanworkwellwhenwejustdoregularthings,likedrivingorwalking.However,learningexpertDr.BrianE.Walshsuggest

edthatitcanperformmoreeffectivelywhenanelementofsurpriseisadded,becausethishelpstobuildconnectionsinthebrain.Int

hisrespect,thepositiveeffectsofreadingmaybemuchstrongerthanpreviouslythought.Recentresearchhasshownthatthebra

inreactsmorestronglytounpredictablethantopredictablethings.Thismayexplainwhypeopleenjoyreadingfiction,whichg

enerallycontainslotsofunpredictablethings.Readingfiction,enablesustoexperiencefreshscenarios(情节)andidentifywiththepeoplewearereadingabout.Wh

enwementallycreatethescenes,thelookofthecharacters,thesmells,andthesoundsinthebook,weareexercisingourbrain.Thebrainis

challenged.Thisisapositivethingbecauseitwillcontinuetogrowanddevelopifproperlystimulated.Themoreitisused,thebetteritbecomes.40.Howdoesreading

helpusimprovevocabulary?______________________________________________________________________41.Wha

taretheproblemsforpeoplewhoseldomreadaccordingtothepassage?____________________________________________

__________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Readingfictionhasmorepositiv

eeffectsonourbrainsincefictionshowsmorepredictablethingsinourdailylife._________________________________________

_____________________________43.Apartfromwhatarementionedinthepassage,whatotherbenefit(s)haveyougainedfromreadi

ngfiction?______________________________________________________________________第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英

国笔友Jim要参加主题为“Themeaningoflearning”的演讲比赛，来信询问你对学习的意义的理解或看法。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.你对学习意义的理解或看法；2.预祝他比赛成功。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不

计入总词数。DearJim,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________Yours.LiHua