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丰台区2023～2024学年度第一学期期末练习高二英语2024.01考生须知：1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。

选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。4.本练

习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。笔试(共三部分100分)第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

MybrotherandIweredrivinghometogetherandbecameabsorbedinaconversation.Becauseofthis___1___,mybrothertookawron

gturn.Unfortunately,thewrongturntookustowardsabridgeandwehadnowaytoturnback.Reluctantly(不情愿地),mybrotherpaidthebridgetollanddroveon.Hewascl

earlyfrustratedbythemistakeandthe___2___wasteof$4.Weeventuallyreachedanexitslip-wayand,aswetookit,mybrothernoticedacarthat

stoppedbytheroadside.Ayoungguywasstandingnearby,lookinganxious.Iwasbusytryingto___3___whichwaywewentn

extbutmybrotherpulledoverandaskedtheguyifheneededanyhelp.Andhedid.Hehada(n)___4___tire(轮胎)andneededawrenchtogetitoff.Mybroth

ergavehimawrench,thenproceededtohelphimchangetheflat.Theyoungmansaidthatthishadbeena(n)___5___weekforhim:earlierhehadgottenintoaminorcar

accident,andnowthisflatonhiswayhomefromwork.Hekeptthankingusbecausehereallywouldhavebeen___6___ifwehadn’tcomealong.Afterwehadfinishedthej

ob,hepulledout$20togivetous.“No,”Isaid.“Wewerenever___7___toevengetonthatbridge.Wetookawrongturn.Butnowweknowwhywedid.Itw

astohelpyou.Thankyouforturningourmistakeintoanopportunityto___8___.”WhatIlovedmostwaswatchingmybrotherthroughoutthisprocess.Hewasabletoseeachancet

ohelp(whichItotallymissed!)eveninanotherwise___9___situation.Itcanonlycomefromacalmmindanda(n)____10____heart.1.A.dis

tractionB.challengeC.hesitationD.trouble2.A.pricelessB.countlessC.needlessD.useless3.A.debateonB.fig

ureoutC.putforwardD.dealwith4.A.spareB.missingC.flatD.unusual5.A.excitingB.inspiringC.normalD.bad6.A.stuckB.injuredC

.lostD.tricked7.A.allowedB.supposedC.recommendedD.chosen8.A.learnB.tradeC.serveD.work9.A.complexB.negativeC.

desperateD.dangerous10.A.braveB.simpleC.heavyD.open【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.B10.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和哥哥开车拐错了弯，却在途中帮助了一个陌生人的故事。【1题详解】考

查名词词义辨析。句意：因为这种分心，我哥哥拐错了弯。A.distraction分心；B.challenge挑战；C.hesitation犹豫；D.trouble麻烦。根据上文中的“MybrotherandIwered

rivinghometogetherandbecameabsorbedinaconversation.”可知，作者与开车的哥哥聊天导致拐错了弯，由此可知，此处指的是“分心”符合语境。故选A项。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他显然对这个错误和不必要的

4美元浪费感到沮丧。A.priceless无价的；B.countless无数的；C.needless不必要的；D.useless没用的。根据语境以及上文中的“Reluctantly(不情愿地),myb

rotherpaidthebridgetollanddroveon.”可知，作者与哥哥拐错弯而付了过桥费，由此可知，此处指“不必要的”符合语境。故选C项。【3题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我正忙着弄清楚

下一步该走哪条路，但我哥哥把车停在路边，问那个人是否需要帮助。A.debateon争辩；B.figureout弄清楚；C.putforward提出；D.dealwith处理。根据语境和上文中的“Weeventuallyreachedanexitslip-way”与下文中

的“whichwaywewentnext”可知，在作者与哥哥开车拐错弯后到达一个出口，作者应是忙着“弄清楚”该走哪条路。故选B项。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的轮胎瘪了，需要一个扳手才能把它弄下来。A.spare空闲的；B.missing丢失的；C.flat瘪的；D

.unusual不寻常的。根据下文中的“andnowthisflatonhiswayhomefromwork.”可知，此处指的是他的车胎“瘪的”符合语境。故选C项。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻人说这一周对他来说很糟糕：早些时候他出了一场小车祸，现在又在下班

回家的路上轮胎瘪了。A.exciting令人激动的；B.inspiring鼓舞人心的；C.normal正常的；D.bad坏的，糟糕的。根据下文中的“earlierhehadgottenintoaminorcaracciden

t,andnowthisflatonhiswayhomefromwork.”可知，这个年轻人早些时间出了一场小车祸，现在轮胎又瘪了，所以此处指的是“糟糕的”一周。故选D项。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不停地感谢我们，因为如果我

们不来，他真的会被困在这里。A.stuck困住；B.injured受伤；C.lost迷失；D.tricked欺骗。根据上文中的“Hehada(n)___4___tire(轮胎)andneededawrenchtogetito

ff.”可知，这个年轻人的车胎撒了气，需要一个扳手把轮胎卸下来，由此可知，此处指的是如果作者他们不来，他会被“困”在这里。故选A项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们甚至都不应该上那座桥。A.allowed允许；B.supposed假定，预想；C.recommended推荐；D.c

hosen选择。根据上文中的“Becauseofthis___1___,mybrothertookawrongturn.”可知，哥哥开车拐错了弯，由此可推断，此处指的是不“应该”上那座桥，besupposedto

意为“应该”。故选B项。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：感谢你们把我们的错误变成了为你服务的机会。A.learn学习；B.trade交易；C.serve服务；D.work工作。根据上文中的“Wetookawrongturn.Butnowweknowwh

ywedid.Itwastohelpyou.”可知，作者和哥哥因为转错弯才上了桥，遇到了这位需要帮助的年轻人，这个错误让他们有机会帮助他人，由此可知，此处指的是“为他人服务”符合语境。故选C项。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是在消极的

情况下。A.complex复杂的；B.negative负面的；C.desperate绝望的；D.dangerous危险的。根据上文中的“Wetookawrongturn.Butnowweknowwhywedid.Itwastohelpyou.Thankyouforturningourmistak

eintoanopportunityto___8___.””可知，作者与哥哥拐错了弯，遇到了一个需要帮助的年轻人，哥哥把自己的不利境遇转换成一个帮助他人的机会，由此可知，此处应指的是“负面的”符合语境。故选B项。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它只能来自于冷静的头脑和开放的心灵

。A.brave勇敢的；B.simple简单的；C.heavy重的；D.open思想开明的。根据上文中的“Hewasabletoseeachancetohelp(whichItotallymissed!)eveninanotherwise___9___sit

uation.”可知，作者的哥哥把不利的境遇转换成为帮助他人的机会，结合空前的“acalmmind”可知，此处应为“开放的”符合语境。故选D项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填

写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Gathertogetheracoupleofgoodfriendsandtakealeisurelywalkthroughthestreets—thisis___11___manyyoungstersinChin

aenjoydoingwhentheyvisitanewcity.ThisiscalledCitywalk,anewwayforyoungpeopletointeractwithacityandmakefriends.Thetrendisspreadingf

romfirst-tiercitiessuchasBeijingandShanghaitosecondandthird-tiercities,___12___(encourage)moreparticipantstogetinvolved.Somecitieshaveinclud

edCitywalkintheirplans___13___(promote)culturaltourismandleisuretours.【答案】11.what12.encouraging13.topromote【解析】【导语

】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是“城市漫步”成为年轻人探索文化景点的新旅游趋势。【11题详解】考查表语从句。句意：和几个好朋友聚在一起，在街上悠闲地散步——这是许多中国年轻人到一个新城市时喜欢做的事情。分析句子结构可知，此

处为连接词引导的表语从句，从句中缺少doing的宾语，结合句意，此处指的是事情，所以使用连接代词what。故填what。12题详解】考查现在分词。句意：这一趋势正从北京、上海等一线城市蔓延到二三线城市，鼓励更多的参与者参与其中。分析句

子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，encourage与逻辑主语Thetrend之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填encouraging。【13题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：一些城市已将“城市漫步”纳入其促进文化旅游和

休闲旅游的计划中。分析句子结【构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词plans应使用动词不定式形式，且表示主动意义。故填topromote。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的

单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Overthepastseveraldecades,manydifferentbenefitsofhumor___14___(explore).Fewpeopleknowthathumorplaysanimp

ortantroleinsocialinteractionswithpeers,andultimatelyinschoolsuccess.Schoolentryisthetime___15___parentsfadeintotheb

ackgroundandsocialinteractionwithpeersbecomesincreasinglyimportant.Theuseofhumourthatissociallyacceptableleadstoalowerlikelihoodofbeingbulli

ed,whiletheuseofself-disparaging(自贬的)humourleadstoa___16___(high)likelihoodofbeingbullied.【答案】14.haveb

eenexplored15.when16.higher【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的几十年里，幽默探索带来了许多不同的好处。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：在过去的几十年里，许多不同的幽默的好处已

经被探索。此处作谓语动词，与主语是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，由Overthepastseveraldecades可知，应用现在完成时，主语manydifferentbenefitsofhumor是复数，助动词使用have。故填havebeenexplored。【15题详解】考查定语从句。句意

：入学是父母逐渐退居幕后的时期，与同龄人的社会交往变得越来越重要。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是thetime，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。【16题详解】考查形容词比较

级。句意：使用被社会接受的幽默会降低被欺负的可能性，而使用自我贬低的幽默则会增加被欺负的可能性。根据句意以及前面alowerlikelihood和连词while可知，此处为形容词比较级形式higher“更高的”，和前面的

lower形成对比。故填higher。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Gotokindergarten,elementaryschool,hig

hschool,andfinally,college.MostAmericankids___17___(expect)bytheirparentstogetaneducationandhaveagoodlife.ForTaraWestover,theoutlo

okwasquitedifferent.___18___(raise)inapoorfamilyinIdaho,Tarawasnotallowedtohaveapropereducation.Herfather___19___(keep)heroutofschool,be

lievingawoman’sbestplacewasinthehome.HowdidTarafight___20___therighttogeteducated?FindtheanswerinthebestsellerEducated.【答案】

17.areexpected18.Raised19.kept20.for【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大多数美国孩子都会接受教育，并且父母会为他们安排好上学的一切。但是对于TaraWest

over来说，她并没有接受教育，因为她的父亲认为女人最好呆在家里。17题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：大多数美国孩子都被他们的父母期待接受教育，并且有有一个好的教育。分析句子可知，空处在句中为谓语，结合句中“andhav

eagoodlife”可知，空处的时态为一般现在时。句子主语“mostAmericankids”为复数，与动词“expect”为动宾关系，所以语态为被动语态，所以空处用areexpected，故填expected。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：塔拉在爱达荷州的一个贫困家庭长大

，不被允许接受适当的教育。分析句子可知，逗号前的内容在句中为状语，句子主语“Tara”与动词“raise”为动宾关系，所以空处用过去分词raised表示被动。处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Raised。【19题详解】考查时态。句意：她父亲不让她上学，认为女人最好待在家里。

分析句子可知，空处在句中为谓语，结合句中“was”可知，空处的时态为一般过去时。故填kept。20题详解】考查介词。句意：塔拉如何争取受教育的权利呢？短语：fightfor“争取……”，为固定搭配。故填for。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小

题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheUltimateGuidetoSTEMCompetitions&EventsSTEMcompetitionsallow

individualsorstudentteamstosolveaspecificchallengeorproblemthroughscience,technology,engineering,ormath

ematics.Thefollowingsaredifferenteventsatthistime.CongressionalAppChallengeWhat:Studentsmustcodeandbuildanappbythemselves.Theappsar

ejudgedindistrict-widecompetitions.【【Who:Highschoolstudents.When:FromJune15toNovember1,2023.Where:Online.Prize:Winnersreceivea

freetriptodisplaytheirworkintheCapitolBuilding.RegeneronScienceTalentSearchWhat:Entrantsmustconductanoriginalindepen

dentresearchproject.Besidesapplicationletters,recommendationlettersandtranscripts(成绩单)arealsoneeded.Who:Anystudenti

ntheirsenioryearofhighschool.When:FromJune1toNovember8,2023.Where:Selectedfinalistswillreceiveanall-expe

nses-paidtriptoWashingtonD.C.forin-depthjudging.Prize:Over$2millioninawardsaregiven;first-placeprizeis$250,000.THINK

ChallengesWhat:Thiscompetitionisforhighschoolstudentswhoareintheearlystagesofanoriginalresearchproject,rathertha

nbeingfullycompleted.Who:Highschoolstudents.When:2023registrationisclosed;2024detailsaretobedecidedandwilllikelyopeninNovember2023.Whe

re:Online.Prize:Selectedfinalistsareinvitedtoa4-dayall-expenses-paidtriptoMIT’scampustomeetprofessorsintheirfieldofresearch!$10

00willbegiven.SourceAmericaDesignChallengeWhat:StudentteamsaretouseSTEMconceptstocreateatotallynewproductthatempowerspeoplewithdisabilities.Who:Hig

hschoolandcollegiate-levelstudents.When:RegistrationforDesignChallenge2022isstilllive!Where:ThefinalstakeplaceinWashingtonD.C.Prize:Grandprizeis$8

,000perteamand$6,000totheaffiliatedschool.21.IntheSTEMcompetitions,participantscan________.A.designanappbasedonjudges’choicesB.createaninventiontohe

lpthedisabledC.presentafullycompletedresearchprojectD.getrecommendationlettersfromprofessors22.Ifsomeonewants

towinafreetriptoauniversity,theonewilljoinin________.A.THINKChallengesB.CongressionalAppChallengeC.RegeneronScienceTalentSearchD.SourceA

mericaDesignChallenge23.Whichisarequirementforalltheapplicants?ATheymustbeavailableforanoutingtrip.B.Theymustregister20

23competitions.C.Theymustbehighschoolseniors.D.Theymustsubmitoriginalworks.【答案】21.B22.A23.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文

。文章主要介绍了STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,Mathematics)的四场赛事活动。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“participantscan”，可定位

到每个黑体字部分下的“What”的内容中。根据第一个黑体字下“What:Studentsmustcodeandbuildanappbythemselves.（竞赛内容：学生必须自己编写和构建一个应用程序。）”可知，学生是自己编写和构建一个应用程序，并非根据评委的选择，选项A错误；根据第

二个黑体字下“What:Entrantsmustconductanoriginalindependentresearchproject.Besidesapplicationletters,recommend

ationlettersandtranscripts(成绩单)arealsoneeded.（竞赛内容：参赛者必须进行原创的独立研究项目。除了申请信外，还需要推荐信和成绩单。）”可知，参与者需要携带推荐信，而不是得到教授的

推荐信，选项D错误；根据第三个黑体字下“What:Thiscompetitionisforhighschoolstudentswhoareintheearlystagesofanoriginalresearchproject,ratherthanbe

ingfullycompleted.（竞赛内容：该竞赛面向初创性研究项目的高中生，而不是完全完成的高中生。）”可知，参赛者的项目为初创性研究项目，并非已经完全完成，选项C错误；为第四个黑体字下“What:Studentt

eamsaretouseSTEMconceptstocreateatotallynewproductthatempowerspeoplewithdisabilities.（竞赛内容：学生团队将使用STEM概念创建一个全新的产品，赋予残疾人权力。）”可知，参赛者要使用STEM概念创建一个全新的

产品，赋予残疾人权力，即创建一个能帮助残疾人的产品，选项B与文意相符，故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据“THINKChallenges”部分“Prize:Selectedfinalistsareinvi

tedtoa4-dayall-expenses-paidtriptoMIT’scampustomeetprofessorsintheirfieldofresearch!（奖品：入选的决赛选手将被邀请到

麻省理工学院校园进行为期4天的免费旅行，与他们研究领域的教授会面！）”可知，赢得这项活动的参赛者将会被邀请到麻省理工学院校园进行为期4天的免费旅行，与他们研究领域的教授会面！所以，要赢得一个免费去大学的旅行，参赛者可以参加此赛事。故选

A项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据题干要求可知，题目询问的是所有活动的参赛者要满足的要求。结合四项活动中对参赛对象的要求“Studentsmustcodeandbuildanappbythemselves.(学生必须自己编写代码和构建应用程.序)”“Entran

tsmustconductanoriginalindependentresearchproject.(参赛者必须进行原创的独立研究项目)”“Thiscompetitionisforhighschoolstudentswhoareintheearl

ystagesofanoriginalresearchproject,ratherthanbeingfullycompleted.(这项比赛面向的是处于原始研究项目早期阶段而不是完全完成的高中生)”“S

tudentteamsaretouseSTEMconceptstocreateatotallynewproductthatempowerspeoplewithdisabilities.(学生团队将使用STEM概念创造一种全新的

产品，赋予残疾人权力。)”可知，所有的赛事要求参赛者必须提交原创作品。故选D项。BA12-year-oldgirlfromMillerMiddleSchoolinSanJosehaswonthetopprize

with$25,000inasciencefair.Herinventionisanewfiredetectionsystemthatcanfasterdetect(探测)theheatsources.It’salsoch

eaperandmorereliablethansmokedetectors.Inthesummerof2022,arestaurantbehindShanya’shousewasburnedtotheground.Sincethen,Shanya’smoth

erbecameincreasinglycautiousaboutthestoveinthekitchen.Itwasn’tthattherestaurantdidn’thavesmokedetectors,buttheyreq

uirethereisasignificantamountofsmokefirst,whichcansometimesmeanafirehasalreadystartedandgottenoutofcontrol.Thisincidentinspiredhertocreateafired

etectionsystemtohelppeoplesufferlesslossfromfires.Oneday,Shanyadiscoveredthatthermalcamerascandetectheatl

ossinhomesduringwintermonths.Shewonderedifthesecamerascouldalsospothousefiresmorequicklythantraditionalsmokede

tectors.Shanyaconnectedanaffordablethermalcameratoatinycomputer.Sheprogrammedhersystemtodifferentiatebetweenpeople—whi

chwereidentifiedaswarmmovingobjects—andheatsources,suchasaturned-ongasburner,whichwereidentifiedashotobjectsthatremainedstill.Thesy

stemcansendatextmessagewhenitdetectsafirebutnohumanpresenceforacontinuous10-minuteperiod.Shanyaconductedmultipletrialsatvarioustime

sofdayandwithpeopleenteringthecamera’sviewfromdifferentdirections.Intheend,Shanya’ssystemaccuratelydetectedhumanpresence98%o

fthetimeandheatsources97%ofthetime.Shanyadeterminedthatthebestplaceforthedetectorwouldbeonthewallabovethestovebutunderthestoverange—thisalloweditssen

sorstohaveclearaccesstothemostlikelylocationswhereafiremightstartinakitchen.Afterhervictory,the12-year

-oldhassaidshewantstorefinethedevicebycombiningitwithasmartphoneapp.Theappwillallowuserstoquicklyswitchovert

oacameraafterreceivingatextmessagesotheycanseeifthealertiscorrect.24.WhydidShanyainventthenewfiredetectionsystem?A.Toco

mpeteinthesciencefair.B.Torelieveheranxietyaboutfire.C.Tohelpreducepeople’sfireloss.D.Tomarketitformassproduction.25.Whenthekitchenisonfir

e,Shanya’sfiredetectionsystemcan________.A.findoutheatsourcesB.giveafirealarmC.recordtheburningprocessD.identifydifferentpeople26.Tomakethedete

ctionsystemmoreaccurate,Shanya________.A.testedallkindsofsensorsB.placeditontheceilingCconductedsomeexperimentsD.combi

neditwithanapp27.Accordingtothepassage,whichcanbestdescribeShanya?A.Outgoingandsmart.B.Helpfulandgenerous.C.Modestanddetermined.D.Creativeand

hardworking.【答案】24.C25.B26.C27.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是一个12岁的小女孩Shanya发明的火灾探测系统在一次科学展览中获得了最高奖。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thisincidentinspired

hertocreateafiredetectionsystemtohelppeoplesufferlesslossfromfires.(这件事激发了她的灵感，让她发明了一套火灾探测系统，帮助人们减少火灾造成的损失。)”可知，她发明了一

套火灾探测系统以帮助人们减少火灾造成的损失，由此可知，Shanya发明火灾探测系统是为了帮助减少火灾损失。故选C项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Thesystemcansendatextmessagewhenitdetectsafirebutnohumanpresencefora

continuous10-minuteperiod.(当系统检测到火灾，但连续10分钟没有人在场时，它可以发送一条短信。)”可知，系统探测到火灾但连续10分钟没人在场便会发送一条短信，由此可知，系统探测到火灾后会发出警示。故选B项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Shan

yaconductedmultipletrialsatvarioustimesofdayandwithpeopleenteringthecamera’sviewfromdifferentdirections.Intheend,S

hanya’ssystemaccuratelydetectedhumanpresence98%ofthetimeandheatsources97%ofthetime.(Shanya在一天中的不同时间进行了多次试验，人们从不同的方向进

入相机的视野。最后，善雅的系统在98%的时间里准确地检测到人的存在，在97%的时间里准确地检测到热源。)”可知，Shanya在一天中不同的时间，不同的方向进行多次试验，最后她的系统在98%的时间里准.确测到人的存在，在97%的

时间里能测到热源，由此可知，为提高该系统的准确性，Shanya做了很多实验。故选C项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Thisincidentinspiredhertocreateafiredetectionsystemtoh

elppeoplesufferlesslossfromfires.(这件事激发了她的灵感，让她发明了一套火灾探测系统，帮助人们减少火灾造成的损失。)”可知，Shanya在事故的激发下，发明了一套火灾探测系统，说

明她很有创造力；根据第五段中的“Shanyaconductedmultipletrialsatvarioustimesofdayandwithpeopleenteringthecamera’sviewfromdifferentdirections.In

theend,Shanya’ssystemaccuratelydetectedhumanpresence98%ofthetimeandheatsources97%ofthetime.(Shanya在一天中的不同时间进行了多次试验，人们从不同的

方向进入相机的视野。最后，善雅的系统在98%的时间里准确地检测到人的存在，在97%的时间里准确地检测到热源。)”可知，Shanya在一天中不同的时间，不同的方向进行多次试验，最后她的系统在98%的时间里准确测到人的存在，在97%的时间里能测到热源，由此可知，为提高该系统的准确性

，Shanya做了很多实验，由此可知她非常地勤奋，综合以上信息可知，Shanya是一个有创造力且勤奋的人。故选D项。CForsomeitisthesoundofabouncingbasketball.Forotherstheclearingofathroa

t.ForDr.JaneGregorythelistincludespigeons,tickingclocksandthesoundofpopcornbeingeaten.“IcriedontheplanetheotherdaybecauseIcouldn’tf

igureoutthevolumeonmynewheadphonesandsoIcouldn’tblockoutthesoundofaguysniffing,”shesays.Gregoryisamongthosewhoexperiencemisophonia,aphenom

enoninwhichparticularsoundscanproveunbearable,triggering(引起)emotionsfromanxietyandpanictoshameandanger.Nowinher

book,SoundsLikeMisophonia,theacademicisonamissiontoexplorewhat’sbehindit,andtohelpthoseaffectedcope.Gregory,aclinicalpsychol

ogistattheUniversityofOxford,suggestsmisophoniaisfarfrombeingasimplesensitivitytosound.Itcanbefedbyacomplexinterplayoffactors,includingalowerabi

litytofilteroutcertainnoises,theassociationofnegativemeaningswithparticularsounds,andtheburdenoffeelingsassociatedwith

anemotionalresponsetothem.Yet,thephenomenonwaslargelyunknownuntilthe2010s.Inonestudy,researchersaskedpeoplewithhighandlowtrait

sofmisophoniatolistenoutfora“trigger”soundinthepresenceofamaskingsound.Bothgroupsdetectedthetriggerjustaseasily.“Thepersonwithmisophonia

hadamoreintensereaction,butonlyaftertheyidentifiedwhatthesoundwas,”addsGregory.Thoseresults,shesays,suggestthatpeoplewithmisophoniaare

notinherentlybetteratdetectingparticularsounds,suchasasnifforarustle—rathertheymightbelisteningoutforthemmore

,ornotbeasgoodasothersattuningthemout.Thisisatrait,Gregoryspeculates,thatmighthaveofferedourancestorsanevolutionaryad

vantage,suchashelpingthemtodetecthidingpredators.Anotherimplicationoftheresearch,Gregorysays,isthatitisnotjusttheauditoryfeaturesofthesou

ndsthatcausenegativereactionsbutthemeaningattachedtothem.Anexamplewouldbeareactiontothejinglingofadog’scollarafterbeingfrightenedbyan

aggressivedog.Gregoryhopesherbookwillsupportthosetoooftentoldtoignoresounds.Shesays:“Theemotionalreactionismuchm

orecomplexthanjustbeingannoyed...Theyfeeltrappedandhelplesswhentheyencounterthesesounds.Ifyouthinkit’snothing,thenyou’renotex

periencingwhatthispersonisexperiencing.”28.Misophoniaisaphenomenonwhere________.A.peoplefailtorecognizeparticularsoun

dsB.specificsoundscausenegativeemotionsC.differentfeelingsaremixeduptogetherD.peoplelosecontroloftheiremotions29.

Whichofthefollowingmightbethecauseofmisophonia?A.Triggersoundsofsimilarorigins.B.Disabilitytoignorecertainsoun

ds.C.Understandingofparticularsounds.D.Inbornabilitytotellcertainsounds.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Todetectcertainsoundsisasolutiontomisophon

ia.B.Peoplewithmisophoniaarewellunderstoodbyothers.C.Peoplecanbenefitfrommisophoniainsomesituations.D.Objectsrelatedtosoundsmayt

riggernegativereactions.【答案】28.B29.B30.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了恐音症患者以及探索这一现象背后的原因。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Gregoryisamon

gthosewhoexperiencemisophonia,aphenomenoninwhichparticularsoundscanproveunbearable,triggering(引起)emotionsfromanxietyandpanictoshameandanger.”（格雷戈

里就是恐音症患者之一。恐音症患者无法忍受特定的声音，从而引发焦虑、恐慌、羞愧和愤怒等情绪。）可知，恐音症是一种特定的声音会引起负面情绪的现象。故选B项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thoseresults,shesays,suggestthatpeop

lewithmisophoniaarenotinherentlybetteratdetectingparticularsounds,suchasasnifforarustle—rathertheymightbel

isteningoutforthemmore,ornotbeasgoodasothersattuningthemout.”（她说，这些结果表明，患有恐音症的人并不是天生就更擅长探测特定的声音，比如嗅嗅声或沙沙声——相反，他们可能会更多地倾听这些声音，或者不像其他人那

样善于忽略这些声音。）可知，无法忽略某些声音能是恐音症的原因。故选B项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Anotherimplicationoftheresearch,Gregorysays,isthati

tisnotjusttheauditoryfeaturesofthesoundsthatcausenegativereactionsbutthemeaningattachedtothem.Anexampl

ewouldbeareactiontothejinglingofadog’scollarafterbeingfrightenedbyanaggressivedog.”（格雷戈里说，这项研究的另一个含义是，引起负面反应的不仅仅是声音的听觉特征，

还有附加在这些声音上的含义。一个例子是，在被一只好斗的狗吓到后，人们对狗项圈发出的丁当声做出反应。）可推知，我们能从文章中了解到与声音有关的物体可能会引发负面反应。故选D项。DTheneedforclarityextendsbeyondhowwecommunica

tesciencetohowweevaluateit.Whocanreallydefinestockphrasessuchas‘asignificantcontributiontoresearch’?Orunderstandwhat‘highimpact’or‘world-class’mean?S

cientistsdemandthatinstitutionsshouldbeclearabouttheircriteriaandconsiderallscholarlyoutputs—preprints,code,data,peerreview,teaching,men

toringandsoon.Myviewaboutthepracticesinresearchassessmentisthatmostassessmentguidelinespermitslidingstandards:insteadofclearlyde

finedterms,theygiveusfeel-goodslogansthatlackanyfixedmeaning.Facingtheproblemwillgetusmuchofthewaytowardsasolution.Broadlanguageincreasesroomformis

understanding.‘Highimpact’canbecodeforwhereresearchispublished.Oritcanmeantheeffectthatresearchhashadonitsfield,oronsocie

tylocallyorglobally—oftenverydifferentthings.Yetconfusionistheleastoftheproblems.Wordssuchas‘world-class’and‘excellent’allo

wassessorstovarycomparisonsdependingonwhoseworktheyareassessing.Academia(学术界)cannotbeafairandreasonablesystemifstand

ardschangedependingonwhomweareevaluating.Unconsciousbias(偏见)associatedwithfactorssuchasaresearcher’sgender,ethnicoriginandsocialbackgroundhelpst

heacademicinjusticecontinue.Itwasonlywithdouble-blindreviewofresearchproposalsthatwomenfinallygotfairaccesstotheHubbleSpaceTelescope.Manystrategi

esexisttoimprovefairnessinacademia,butconceptualclarityisparamount.Beingclearabouthowspecificqualitiesarevaluedleadsassessorstothinkcrit

icallyaboutwhetherthosequalitiesaretrulybeingconsidered.Achievingthatconceptualclarityrequiresdiscussionwithfaculties,staffandst

udents:hoursandhoursofit.TheUniversityMedicalCenterUtrechtintheNetherlands,forexample,heldaseriesofconversations

,eachinvolving20-60researchers,andthenspentanotheryearrevisingitsresearchassessmentpoliciestorecognizesocialimpacts.Frankconversationsabout

whatisvaluedinaparticularcontext,orataspecificinstitution,areanessentialfirststepindevelopingconcreterecommenda

tions.Althoughambiguous(模棱两可的)terms,forinstance‘world-class’and‘significant’,areabarrierwhenperformingassessments,universityadministrat

orshavesaidthattheyrelyonflexiblelanguagetomakeroomtorewardavarietyofcontributions.Soitmakessensethatmorespecificlanguageinreviewandpromotionmustb

eabletoaccommodatevariedoutputs,outcomesandimpactsofscholarlywork.Settingspecificstandardswillbetough.Itwillbeinvitingtofallbackonthemisleadi

ngstandardssuchasimpactfactors,oronambiguoustermsthatcanbeagreedtobyeveryonebutappliedwiselybynoone.Itistooearlytoknowwhatthosestandardswillbeorhowm

uchtheywillvary,buttherightdiscussionsarestartingtohappen.Theymustcontinue.31.Regardingthecurrentpra

cticesinresearchassessment,theauthoris________.A.supportiveB.puzzledC.unconcernedD.disapproving32.Whatcanwelearnf

romthispassage?A.Biasonassessorscancauseinequality.B.Frankconversationsharmscholarlywork.C.Specificqualitiesneedtobeclearlysta

ted.D.Broadlanguageensuresacademicfairness.33.Whatdoestheword“paramount”underlinedinPara.4mostprobablymean?A.primar

y.B.recognized.C.optional.D.accomplished.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Fixresearchassessment.Changeslogansforclearstandards.B.Fixres

earchassessment.Changeevaluationsforconversations.C.Defineresearchassessment.Changesimplicityforspecification.D.Defin

eresearchassessment.Changebroadlanguageforflexibleone.【答案】31.D32.A33.A34.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。这篇文章讨论了科研评估中存在的概念不清的问题，并提出了需要明确标准和提高公正性的观点。作者

认为目前的评估准则通常允许标准滑动，使用模棱两可的口号代替明确的术语。广泛的语言增加了误解的空间，并导致评估中的主观因素和偏见。为了改善学术界的公正性，需要进行概念上的明确，并与教职员工和学生进行广泛的讨论。文章强调了制定具体标准的困难，但认

为必须继续进行正确的讨论。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Myviewaboutthepracticesinresearchassessmentisthatmostassessmentguidelinespermitsliding

standards:insteadofclearlydefinedterms,theygiveusfeel-goodslogansthatlackanyfixedmeaning.Facingtheproblemwillgetusmuchofthewaytowardsasolu

tion.”（我对研究评估实践的看法是，大多数评估指南允许滑动标准：它们给我们的是缺乏任何固定含义的自我感觉良好的口号，而不是明确定义的术语。面对这个问题会让我们在很大程度上找到解决办法。）可推知，对于目前的研究评估实践，作者是不赞成的。故选D项。

【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Academia(学术界)cannotbeafairandreasonablesystemifstandardschangedependingonwhomweareevaluating.Unconsciousbias(偏见)associatedwithfac

torssuchasaresearcher’sgender,ethnicoriginandsocialbackgroundhelpstheacademicinjusticecontinue.”（如果标准因我们评估的对象而改变，那么学术界就不可能是一个公平合理的体系。与研究者的性别、种族和社会背景等

因素相关的无意识偏见有助于学术不公正的持续。）可知，对评估人员的偏见会导致不平等。故选A项。【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Beingclearabouthowspecificqualitiesarevaluedleadsassessorstothinkcriticallyab

outwhetherthosequalitiesaretrulybeingconsidered.Achievingthatconceptualclarityrequiresdiscussionwithfaculties,staffandstu

dents:hoursandhoursofit.”（明确具体的品质是如何被评估的，会让评估者批判性地思考这些品质是否真的被考虑在内。要实现概念上的清晰，需要与教师、教职员工和学生们进行长时间的讨论。）由此可知，此处为有许多策略可以提高学术界的公平性，但概念的清晰是最重要的。故可猜测划线单词para

mount为“主要的”意思，结合选项A项primary“主要的”，意思一致。故选A项。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“Myviewaboutthepracticesinresearchassessmen

tisthatmostassessmentguidelinespermitslidingstandards:insteadofclearlydefinedterms,theygiveusfeel-goodslogan

sthatlackanyfixedmeaning.Facingtheproblemwillgetusmuchofthewaytowardsasolution.”（我对研究评估实践的看法是，大多数评估指南允许滑动标准：它们给我们的是缺乏任何固

定含义的自我感觉良好的口号，而不是明确定义的术语。面对这个问题会让我们在很大程度上找到解决办法。）和最后一段中“Itistooearlytoknowwhatthosestandardswillbeorhowmuchtheywillvary,b

uttherightdiscussionsarestartingtohappen.Theymustcontinue.”（现在要知道这些标准将是什么，或者它们会有多大的变化还为时过早，但正确的讨论正在开始进行。它们必须继续下去。）可知，文

章主要讨论了科研评估中存在的概念不清的问题，并提出了需要明确标准和提高公正性的观点。作者认为目前的评估准则通常允许标准滑动，使用模棱两可的口号代替明确的术语。广泛的语言增加了误解的空间，并导致评估中的主观因素和偏见。为了改善学术界

的公正性，需要进行概念上的明确，并与教职员工和学生进行广泛的讨论。文章强调了制定具体标准的困难，但认为必须继续进行正确的讨论。故文章最好的标题是“修正研究评估。为明确的标准改变口号”。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从

短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Bingohasbeenabelovedgameforgenerations,andforgoodreason.___35___Whetheryou’relookingforawaytosp

endsomequalitytimewithfriendsandfamily,oryou’rejustlookingforafunactivitytodoathome,hostingyourownbingopartyisag

reatoption.___36___First,uparethebingocards.Youcaneitherchoosetocreateyourownbingocardsorusepre-madeonesavailable

online.You’llalsoneedbingomarkers,whichcanbeanythingfromsmallpiecesofpapertopenniesorevencandy.Onceyouhaveyoursupplies,it’sti

metoinviteyourguests.Youcaninviteyourfriendsandfamilyoverforafunnightofbingo,oryoucanevenhostavirtualbingopartyovervideochat.___37___Should

youbehostingavirtualparty,makesuretosendoutthevideochatlinkaheadoftime.Onceeveryonehasarrived,it’stimetostartthegame!___38___Eachcardshouldhavea

uniquecombinationofnumbersonitrangingfrom1to90.Makesurethatallplayershaveapenormarkertotakedownthenumb

ersastheyarecalledout.Thecallerisresponsiblefordrawingthenumbersandcallingthemouttotheplayers.Playerskeepmarkingthenumb

ersontheircardsuntilsomeoneachievesawinningpattern.Therearevariouswinningpatternsinbingo,suchascompletin

garow,column,ordiagonalline,orachievingaspecificshapeordesignonthebingocard.___39___Whenaplayerachievesthewinningpattern,theyshouldcallou

t“Bingo”loudandcleartosignalthattheyhavewon.Thegoalhereistohavefun.Whilesomeorganizationisrequired,trynottotunitintoamili

taryoperation.Afterall,bingoisthetypeofgamethatcanbringpeopletogetherandcreateafunandexcitingatmosphere.A.Handoutthe

bingocardstoeachplayer.B.Youcanaskyourgueststobringtheirfavouritebingoballs,cardsandmarkers.C.Itshouldbedecidedbeforethegame

starts,andknowntoallplayers.D.Tohostyourownbingoparty,you’llneedafewsupplies.E.Insteadofusingtraditionalbingonumbersandletters,mixitupwithdiffere

ntthemes.F.Ifyou’rehostinganin-personparty,makesuretoletyourguestsknowwhattimetoarrive.G.It’safun,excitinggameandc

anbeenjoyedbypeopleofallages.【答案】35.G36.D37.F38.A39.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了宾果游戏以及它的游戏规则。【35题详解】根据上文“Bingohasbeenabelovedgameforgenerations,andforg

oodreason.”（宾果游戏是几代人喜爱的游戏，这是有充分理由的。）引出话题，提到宾果游戏。以及下文“Whetheryou’relookingforawaytospendsomequalitytimewithfriendsandfamily,oryou’rejustlookingfora

funactivitytodoathome,hostingyourownbingopartyisagreatoption.”（无论你是在寻找一种与朋友和家人共度美好时光的方式，还是你只是想在家里找一个

有趣的活动，举办自己的宾果派对是一个很好的选择。）说明举办宾果派对是一个很好的选择。结合选项G项It’safun,excitinggameandcanbeenjoyedbypeopleofallages.（这是一项有趣、刺激的游戏，所有年龄

的人都喜欢。）可知，还是介绍这款游戏的受欢迎，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。【36题详解】根据下文“First,uparethebingocards.Youcaneitherchoos

etocreateyourownbingocardsorusepre-madeonesavailableonline.”（首先，是宾果牌。您可以选择创建自己的宾果卡或使用预先制作的网上可用的。）可知，提到准备宾果游戏

的用品。结合选项D项Tohostyourownbingoparty,you’llneedafewsupplies.（要举办自己的宾果派对，你需要一些用品。）可知，和下文意思一致，承接上文内容，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选D项。【37题详解】根据上文“Youcaninviteyour

friendsandfamilyoverforafunnightofbingo,oryoucanevenhostavirtualbingopartyovervideochat.”（你可以邀请你的朋友和家人来度过一个有

趣的宾果之夜，或者你甚至可以通过视频聊天举办一个虚拟的宾果派对。）可知，提到两种举办宾果派对的方式，一种是面对面的，一种是网上的。以及下文“Shouldyoubehostingavirtualparty,makesuretosend

outthevideochatlinkaheadoftime.”（如果你要举办一个虚拟聚会，一定要提前发送视频聊天链接。）可知，说明网上举办的宾果派对。由此可推知，空格处应说明现场举办的宾果派对。结合选项F项Ifyou’rehostingani

n-personparty,makesuretoletyourguestsknowwhattimetoarrive.（如果你要举办一个面对面的聚会，一定要让你的客人知道到达的时间。）符合此推断，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选F

项。【38题详解】根据上文“Onceeveryonehasarrived,it’stimetostartthegame!”（一旦大家都到了，就该开始游戏了！）说明游戏开始。以及下文“Eachcardshouldhaveauniquecombinationofnumbersoni

trangingfrom1to90.”（每张卡片上应该有一个唯一的数字组合，从1到90不等。）说明游戏进行的过程。结合选项A项Handoutthebingocardstoeachplayer.（把宾果牌发给每个玩家。）可知，为游戏进行的第一步，承接上文内容

，同时引起下文，上下文紧密连接。故选A项。【39题详解】根据上文“Therearevariouswinningpatternsinbingo,suchascompletingarow,column,ordiagonalline,orachievingaspecificshapeordesignon

thebingocard.”（在宾果游戏中有各种获胜模式，例如完成一行，列或对角线，或在宾果牌上实现特定的形状或设计。）提到宾果游戏中有各种获胜模式。以及下文“Whenaplayerachievesthewinningpattern,th

eyshouldcallout“Bingo”loudandcleartosignalthattheyhavewon.”（当玩家达到获胜模式时，他们应该大声而清晰地喊出“Bingo”来表明他们赢了。）说明获胜时的情形。结合选项C项Itshou

ldbedecidedbeforethegamestarts,andknowntoallplayers.（这应该在比赛开始前决定，并且让所有的玩家都知道。）可知，承接上文内容，该句中It指代的是上文提到的各种获胜模式，同时引

起下文，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Nowadays,alotofyoungpeo

pleseemtospendmuchoftheirfreetimeeitherwatchingtelevisionorplayingcomputergames.Certainly,thesethingsareentertaining,buttheydon’tc

ontributemuchtodevelopingtheirbrains.Manybelievethatreadingbooks,andespeciallyfiction,isamuchmoreeffectivewayofachievingthis.Th

emostobviousbenefitwegetfromreadingagoodstoryisagrowingvocabulary.Wecomeacrossnewwordsinreadingandtrytounderstandtheseword

sthroughcontext.Gradually,webecomemoreconfidentwithcomplexwords.Inaddition,weimproveinotherareassuchass

peakingandwritingjustbyreadingregularly.Ithasalsobeenestablishedthatreadingfictionisagoodwayofdevelopin

gagoodself-image.Non-readersorpoorreadersoftenhavelowopinionsofthemselves.Besides,theymayperformpoorlyinothersubjectsbecausetheycannotreada

ndunderstandthematerial.Mostimportantly,however,readingfictionhelpsustodevelopourbrains.Thehumanbrainca

nworkwellwhenwejustdoregularthings,likedrivingorwalking.However,learningexpertDr.BrianE.Walshsuggestedthatitcanperformmoreeffectivelywhenan

elementofsurpriseisadded,becausethishelpstobuildconnectionsinthebrain.Inthisrespect,thepositiveeffectsofreadingmaybemuchs

trongerthanpreviouslythought.Recentresearchhasshownthatthebrainreactsmorestronglytounpredictablethantopredictablething

s.Thismayexplainwhypeopleenjoyreadingfiction,whichgenerallycontainslotsofunpredictablethings.Readingfictionenablesustoexper

iencefreshscenarios(情节)andidentifywiththepeoplewearereadingabout.Whenwementallycreatethescenes,thelookofthecharacters,

thesmells,andthesoundsinthebook,weareexercisingourbrain.Thebrainischallenged.Thisisapositivethingbecausei

twillcontinuetogrowanddevelopifproperlystimulated.Themoreitisused,thebetteritbecomes.40.Howdoesreadinghelpusimpro

vevocabulary?______________________________________________________________________41.Whataretheproblemsforpeoplewhoseldomreadaccordingtothepassage?_

_____________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingst

atement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Readingfictionhasmorepositiveeffectsonourbrainsincefictionshowsmorepredictablethingsin

ourdailylife.______________________________________________________________________43.Apartfromwhatarement

ionedinthepassage,whatotherbenefit(s)haveyougainedfromreadingfiction?________________________________________________________________

______【答案】40.Byunderstandingthesewordsthroughcontextandmakingusmoreconfidentwithcomplexwords.41.Theproblemsforpeoplewhoseldomreadarehavinglowopin

ionsofthemselvesandinfluencingtheirperformanceinothersubjects.42.Readingfictionhasmorepositiveeffectsonourb

rainsincefictionshowsmorepredictablethingsinourdailylife.Readingfictionhasmorepositiveeffectsonourbrainsincefictionshowsmoreunpredictablethingsinou

rdailylife.43.Readingcanalsorelaxthemoodbecausereadingnovelscanhelpustemporarilyforgetthepressureandbringasenseo

fpleasure.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是阅读的一些好处。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Wecomeacrossnewwordsinreadingandtrytounderstandthesewordsthrough

context.Gradually,webecomemoreconfidentwithcomplexwords.(我们在阅读中遇到生词，并试着通过语境来理解这些单词。渐渐地，我们对复杂的单词更有信心了

。)”可知，在阅读时遇到生词，可以通过语境来理解他们，并且逐渐他对复杂单词更有信心，所以通过语境理解单词来帮助我们对生词更有信心，进而提高我们的词汇量。故答案为Byunderstandingthesewordsthroughcontextandmakingusmoreconfidentwithc

omplexwords.【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Non-readersorpoorreadersoftenhavelowopinionsofthemselves.Besides,theymayperformpoorlyinothersubjectsbecausethe

ycannotreadandunderstandthematerial.(不阅读或阅读能力差的人往往对自己的评价很低。此外，他们可能在其他科目上表现不佳，因为他们不能阅读和理解材料。)”可知，阅读少的人对自己评价很低，而且会在其他科目上表现不佳，由

此可知，很少阅读的人对自己评价很低且影响其他科目上的表现。故答案为Theproblemsforpeoplewhoseldomreadarehavinglowopinionsofthemselvesandinfluencingtheirperformanceinothersubjects

.【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据尾段中的“Recentresearchhasshownthatthebrainreactsmorestronglytounpredictablethantopredictablethings.Thismayex

plainwhypeopleenjoyreadingfiction,whichgenerallycontainslotsofunpredictablethings.(最近的研究表明，大脑对不可预测的事物比可预

测的事物反应更强烈。这也许可以解释为什么人们喜欢读小说，因为小说通常包含许多不可预测的事情。)”可知，研究发现，大脑对不可预测的事物比可预测的事物反应更强烈，由此可知，人们喜欢阅读的原因是小说中含有很多不可预测的事情，所

以题干中的predictable错误，应为unpredictable。故答案为Readingfictionhasmorepositiveeffectsonourbrainsincefictionshowsmorepredictablethi

ngsinourdailylife.Readingfictionhasmorepositiveeffectsonourbrainsincefictionshowsmoreunpredictablethingsinourdailylife

.【43题详解】开放性题目。除了文中介绍的阅读的好处外，阅读还可以放松心情因为阅读小说是一种良好的休闲活动,可以帮助我们暂时忘记压力和忙碌，带来愉悦感。故答案为Readingcanalsorelaxthemoodbecausereadingnovelscanhelpustempo

rarilyforgetthepressureandbringasenseofpleasure.第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim要参加主题为“Themeaningoflearning”的演讲比赛，来信询问你对学习的意义的理解或看法。请你给他写

一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.你对学习意义的理解或看法；2.预祝他比赛成功。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,______________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________Yours.LiHua【答案】DearJim,Iamdelightedtohearaboutyourupcomingspeechcompetitionon“T

hemeaningoflearning.”Inmyopinion,learningisalifelongjourneythatgoesbeyondtheclassroom.It’snotjustaboutacquiringknowledgebutalsoaboutdevelopi

ngcriticalthinking,problem-solvingskills,andunderstandingtheworldaroundus.Learningenablesustopursueourpassionsandcontributepositivelytoso

ciety.Itshapesourperspectivesandhelpsusgrowasindividuals.Iwishyouthebestofluckinyourcompetition,Jim.I’msureyourinsightsonthistopicwillbeinspi

ringandenlighteningforeveryone.Lookingforwardtohearinghowitgoes!BestregardsLiHua【解析】【导语】这是一篇演讲稿。作为红星中学高二学生李华，你需要就你的英国笔友Jim即将参加的“Themeaningoflearning”

主题演讲比赛，来信询问你对学习的意义的理解或看法。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.你对学习意义的理解或看法；2.预祝他比赛成功。【详解】1.词汇积累听说：hearabout→learnabout高兴的：delighted→glad关于：about→concerning帮助

：help→assist2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Iwishyouthebestofluckinyourcompetition.拓展句：Mayfortunefavoryouasyouembarkonyourcompetitivejourney.【点睛】【高分句型1】Iamdelightedt

ohearaboutyourupcomingspeechcompetitionon“Themeaningoflearning”.（使用了动词不定式短语作原因状语）【高分句型2】Inmyopinion,learningis

alifelongjourneythatgoesbeyondtheclassroom.（使用关系代词that为引导词的定语从句）