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松江区2023学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三英语(满分140分，完卷时间120分钟)考生注意：1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。2.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、班级、姓

名和考号。3.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers

.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversatio

nandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhave

heard.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Happy.B.Angry.C.Relaxed.D.Confused.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Can’tyouknockonthedoor

whenyouentermyoffice?M:I’msorry!It’sjustthatI’minsuchahurry.Q:Howdidthewomanfeelwhenshewasspeakingtot

heman?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Anactress.B.Adirector.C.Awriter.D.Atranslator.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Ihaveseenallyourfilms.You’vejustdir

ectedanewone,haven’tyou?W:Yes.It’saboutawriterandwillbetranslatedintoseverallanguages.Q:Whatisprobablythewoman?3.【此处可播放相关

音频，请去附件查看】A.Professorandstudent.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Employerandapplicant.D.Shopownerandcustomer.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Well,Mr.Brown,we’reverypleased

withyourqualifications.We’dliketoofferyoutheposition.M:That’sgreat!I’mreallylookingforwardtostartingmynewjob.Q:Whatisthemostproba

blerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Tonyshouldcontinuetotaketheclass.B.SheapprovesofTony’s

decision.C.Tonycanchooseanothersciencecourse.D.ShecanmeetTonyearlyinthemorning.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:I’mgoi

ngtodropmyInformationScienceclass.Itmeetstooearlyinthemorning.W:Isthatagoodreasontodroptheclass,Tony?Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?5.【

此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Anannoyingdog.B.Mrs.White.C.Theflowergarden.D.Theirneighborhood.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:We’vegottodosomethingabouttheneighbor’sdo

g!M:Why?Hasitbeenintoyourflowergardenagain?YoushouldtalktoMrs.Whiteaboutit.Q:Whatarethetwospeakersmainly

talkingabout?6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hewasn’tinvitedtothemeeting.B.Hedidn’tfindthemeetinghall.C.Hemissedthemeetingintheend.

D.Hewasdelayedbytheheavyfog.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Butfortheheavytraffic,Iwouldhavereachedthemeetinghalltwohoursearlier.W:Oh,whatapity!Themeet

inghasbeenovernow.Q:Whatcanweconcludeabouttheman?7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.15,000yuan.B.16,500yuan.C.50,000yuan.D.55,000yuan.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Iamabigf

anofChinesecalligraphy.Isthatpieceofworkstillpricedat50,000yuan?M:Sorry,madam,itspricehasrisenby10%.Q:Howmuchdoesthatpiece

ofcalligraphyworkcostnow?8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Asportsmeeting.B.Ahikingtrip.C.Apressconference.D.Asurpriseparty.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:Everyonehidesinthenex

troomandwhenJohncomes,wejumpout.W:Perhapsweshouldturnonafewlightssohewon’tsuspectanything.Q:Whatarethespeakersmostl

ikelyplanning?9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Themanisseeingoffthewoman.B.TheyarecelebratingtheNewYear.C.Thewomanispickinguptheman.D.Theyarecompla

iningabouttheairport.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Airportsaresadplaces.M:Sometimes,Iguess.Butwewillkeepintouch.And

I’llflyovertoyouonNewYear’sDay.Q:Whatarethespeakersprobablydoing?10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.B.CD.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Howabo

utgoingtothecinemawithmetonight,Susan?W:SorryIcan’t.MysisterisgoingbacktoherschoolinBeijingandIhavetodrivehert

otherailwaystation.Q:WhichpictureshowsSusan’sdestinationtonight?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheart

wopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,bu

tthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,read.thefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequest

ionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.A.Toreduceourchanceofregularwalking.B.Toshowustheadvantagesofexercising.C.Topersuadeustowa

lkinourdailylife.D.Tochangeourhabitofwalkingeveryday.12.A.Walkinginruralareasarousesnewideas.B.Walkingoffersca

ncerpatientsconfidence.C.Walkingenlargeselderpeople’sbrainsize.D.Walkinginnaturehelpstobeatdepression.13.A.Itcancur

ecommonheartdiseases.B.Ithasbeenmadepartofpeople’slife.C.Itistheeasiestwaytoloseweight.D.Itworksbetterontheoldthanth

eyoung.【答案】11.C12.D13.C【解析】【原文】Leftfoot,rightfoot,leftfoot,rightfoot...youcantravelfastorslow.Themovemento

fyourfeetgetsyouwhereyouneedtogo.Anditalsooffersyoumuchmore!Walkingisasimpleexercisesuitableforalmostev

eryone.First,walkingenhancesyourphysicalhealth.Itmakesyourheartstronger.Studiesshowregularwalkingreducesyourchanceofheartdise

ase.Walkingquicklyfor30minutesadayalsohelpscontrolhighbloodpressure.Itcanreduceyourchanceofdevelopingsomecancers,too.Wanttoloseweight?Youneed

toburn600morecalorieseachdaythanyoutakeinandwalkingistheeasiestway.Aspeopleage,theirbrainsdon’tworkaswellasbeforebecausece

rtainpartsofthebrainsgetsmallerinsize.Olderpeoplewhowalksixmilesormoreperweekarelikelytokeeptheirbrainsinbettershape.Walkingimprovesyourmentalhea

lth,too.Accordingtosomescientificresearch,walkinginanaturallandscapecombininggreenandbluehelpspeoplefeelgroundedinnatureandcreatesafeelingofconnec

tiontotheworld.That’saneffectivewaytofightagainstdepression.Youcanmakewalkingpartofyourday.Insteadofparkingn

earyourhouse,parkadistanceawayandwalk.Insteadoftakingthelift,walk.Makewalkingahabit,andseehowitmakesyoufeel.(Nowlistenag

ainplease.)Questions:1.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?2.Howdoeswalkingbenefitpeople’smentalhealth?3.Whatcanwelearnaboutwalk

ingfromthepassage?听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.A.Howhistorycanbedefineddifferently.B.Whypeopleshouldstudyhistory.C.Howpeo

plecanbetterunderstandthepast.D.Whyhistorymayaffectcareerchoice.15.A.Tounderstandunfamiliarthings.B.Toconvincedifferentpeople.C.Todev

elopskillstogivedirections.D.Toidentifywithpeoplearound.16.A.Historyisabodyofknowledgeratherthanawaytothink.B.Beingahistorianisnotapopularidea

forpresentstudents.C.Studyingthepasthelpspeopleunderstandthemodernworld.D.Thespeakerdoesnotagreewith

others’definitionsofhistory.【答案】14.B15.A16.C【解析】【原文】Foragreatmanypeople,historyisasetoffacts,acollectionofeve

nts,aseriesofthingsthathappenedinthepast.Forme,historyisfirstlyawayofthinkingaboutandseeingtheworld.Tomakesenseofthepast,youshouldl

earnhowtoseeitonitsownterms;inotherwords,howtofigureoutthemeaningofstrangeandunfamiliarthings,andhowtoidentifywithpeoplewhooncethoughtsodiffe

rentlyaswedotoday.Ifyoulearnhowtodothesethings,youbegintodevelopskillsthatnotonlyhelpfindtherightdirectioni

nthepast,butthepresentaswell.Onceyoucanseethethingsthathistoryteachesyou,onceyouknowhowtounderstandtheinnerlogicofunfamiliarthoughtsa

ndbehavior,itbecomeseasiertomakesenseofthemodernworldandthediversepeoplesandideasaroundyou.Itmightsee

munusualthatoneofthebestwaystoexplainthepresentistostudythepast,butthatiswhyhistorycanbesoimportant.

Whenweappreciatethathistoryisnotonlyabodyofknowledge,butratherawayofthinking,itbecomesaparticularlypower

fultool.Noteveryonemaychoosetobecomeahistorian.Yet,whatevercareeryouchoose,knowinghowtothinkhistoricallywillhel

p.(Nowlistenagainplease.)1.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanhelppeoplemakesenseofthepast?3.Whatcanbecon

cludedfromthepassage?听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.A.Becausehedidn’ttakecompletenotes.B.Becausehisv

isionisn’tgoodenough.C.Becausehehasmissedseveralclasses.D.Becausehisnotebookwaslostoncampus.18.A.Atalibrary.

B.Atacopyshop.C.Atalaboratory.D.Atacoffeeshop.19.A.Gettingsomerest.B.Studyingtogether.C.Havingmoreclasses.D.Exchangingnotes.20.A.Them

andoesnotwanttospendtimetakingnotes.B.Themanenjoysplayingslideshowsfortheprofessor.C.Thewomanwouldnotliketolendthemanhernotes.D.Thewomanwil

lhelptokeepthemanawakeinclass.【答案】17.A18.D19.B20.D【解析】【原文】M:Sally,isitpossibletolendmeyournotes?I’llreturnthemtomorrow.W:Well

,Iusuallygotothecafeteriaandreviewthem.Say,howaboutcopyingthemoverinthelibrarynexttothecafeteria?M:Great!IthinkI’vegoten

oughcoinsforthemachines.W:OK.ButIdon’tunderstandwhyyouneedmynotes,David.Youhaven’tmissedanyclasses,haveyou?M:Ihaven’t.Butweekdaymornings,Iworkpart

-timeasawaiteratacoffeeshopdowntown.Afterwork,Icomedirectlytoschool!W:Wow,you’reprobablyexhausted!M:That’sexactlywhyIwanttob

orrowyournotes.Iamnotabletotakegoodnotes.W:Whathappenstoyouduringtheclasses?M:I’musuallyawakeatthebeginning.

Butaftertwentyminutesintoclass,Ihavetroublekeepingmyeyesopen.W:Hmm…Ineedsomeonetostudywithme,andyouneedsomeonetokeepyou

awake,wanttobestudypartnersandworktogether?M:Yeah,I’dsureappreciateit.W:OK,let’sstarttodayatthelibrary.We’regoingthereanyway,andyoudon’thavetogotot

hecoffeeshop.M:Soundsgood.Oh,here’sProfessorRobinson.Itlookslikehe’sbroughtalongsomemoreofhisslides.WakemeupifIstartnoddingoff.W:OfcourseI

will.Don’tforgetwearestudypartnersnow.(Nowlistenagainplease.)Questions:1.Whydoesthemanaskthewomanforhernotes?2.Wheredoesthemandohispart-timejob?3.Wha

tdoesthewomansuggestthemdoing?4.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblan

kstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofth

egivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.BuyNow,PayLaterSpendingBuynow,paylater(BNPL)spendingisexpectedt

orisetorecordlevelsthisholidayseason.Withsomanyyoung“buynow,paylater”shoppersalreadyindebtfromthissh

ort-termfinancingtoolnotrequiringinterest,questionsemerge:Whydotheseshoppersusesuchatool?Andwhatrisksdoesitposetothei

rbudgetsinthemonths____21____(come)?ThemanyGenerationZandmillennials(typicallyaround40yearsandyounger)t

endtousethisshort-termfinancing,____22____allowsthemtobuyitemsandpayforthemovertime.Offeredmostlybyfin

ancialtechnologies,BNPLallowsthesecustomerstopaybacktheirpurchases____23____interestandwiththefirstpaymentusuallymadeatcheckout.Themostcommon“

buynow,paylater”planis____24____customersmakefourequalpaymentsandpayoffthedebtinsixweeks.It’sbeenalifelineforsomepeople,suchasauniversityst

udent____25____weeklyincomeisnotbigenough.“BNPLprovidesconsumerswithflexiblepaymentoptionssothey____26____managespending,”sai

dVivekPandya,leadanalystatAdobeDigitalInsights.Thatisofgreatimportanceformanyconsumers,especially____

27____withatendencytopurchasehigher-costitems.However,sinceBNPL____28____(appear),warningsfromexpertshavecomeintoourview.Theyhave

beenindicatingthatit’sfinanciallyunhealthytoformsuchaspendinghabit.AccordingtoNewYorkFederalReserveeconomists,BNPLmaye

ncouragedebttoincreaseovertime,____29____(influence)aconsumer’sabilitytomeetnon-BNPLcommitments,oruserstooverextendthemselves.Usersshouldal

sonotethat______30______interestisnotchargedontheloan,they’llbehitwithlatefeesformissedpayments,whichcan

addupquickly,saystheConsumerFinancialProtectionBureau.【答案】21.tocome22.which23.with24.that25.whose26.can27.those28

.appeared29.influencing30.although##though##while【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了BNPL消费的优缺点，以及作者对BNPL的态度。【21题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：在未来的几个月，这会给他们的预

算带来什么风险？分析句子可知，空处表示动作未发生，应用动词不定式修饰前面的名词，作后置定语，inthemonthstocome译为“在未来几个月”。故填tocome。【22题详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多Z世代和千禧一代（通常

在40岁及以下）倾向于使用这种短期融资，这使他们能够购买物品并在一段时间内付款。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是thisshort-termfinancing，指物，用关系代词which引导从句，在从句中作主

语。故填which。【23题详解】考查介词。句意：BNPL主要由金融技术提供，允许这些客户带息还款，第一笔付款通常在结账时支付。withinterest“付利息地，带息”为固定搭配。故填with。【24题详解】考查表

语从句。句意：最常见的“先买后付”计划是，客户分期付款四次，并在六周内还清债务。分析句子可知，此处应用表语从句的连接词，从句句子完整，不缺少成分，应用只起连接作用，无实意的that引导。故填that。【25题详解】考查定语从句。句意：

对于一些人来说，这是一条生命线，比如一名每周收入不够大的大学生。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是student，指人，且在从句中作名词income的定语，用关系代词whose引导从句，在从句中作定语。故填whose。【26题详解】考查情态动词。AdobeDigi

talInsights首席分析师VivekPandya表示：“BNPL为消费者提供了灵活的支付选择，使他们能够管理支出。”分析句子可知，空处应用情态动词，根据句意可知，此处应用表示“能够，可以”的情态动词can。故填can。【27题详解】考查代词。

这对许多消费者来说非常重要，尤其是那些倾向于购买高成本商品的消费者。分析句子可知，空处应用代词，指代前文的consumers，指代名词复数，应用代词those。故填those。【28题详解】考查动词时态。然而，自从BNPL出现以来，专家们的警告已经进

入了我们的视野。根据since和havecome以及句意可知，主句是现在完成时，since从句描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式。故填appeared。【29题详解】考查现在分词。根据纽约联邦储备银行经济学家的说法，BNPL可能会鼓励债务随着时间的推移而增加，

影响消费者履行非BNPL承诺的能力，或者用户过度扩张自己。该句的谓语是mayencourage，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词，influence与逗号前面的句子之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填influencing。【30题详解】考查让步状语从句。消费

者金融保护局说，用户还应该注意，虽然贷款不收取利息，但他们将因未付款而受到滞纳金的打击，这些滞纳金可能很快就会累积起来。根据interestisnotchargedontheloan与they’llbehitwithlatefeesformisse

dpayments存在让步转折关系可知，空处应用让步状语从句的连接词，表示“虽然，尽管”，故填although/though/while。SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachb

lankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．attractiveB．botheredC．buildingD．contrasts

E．crossedF．demonstratesG．dramaticallyH．greyedI．instrumentalJ．sustainingK．vividlyAReviewonOppenheimerOppenheimerisChristopherNolan’sfilmab

outJ.RobertOppenheimer,themanknownas“thefatheroftheatomic(原子的)bomb”.Asadramaaboutgenius,prideanderror,it____31____thelifeoftheAmericantheoretica

lphysicistwhohelpedresearchanddevelopthetwoatomicbombsthatweredroppedonHiroshimaandNagasaki,twocitiesinJapan,duringWorldWarII.Oppen

heimerisagreatachievement,partlybecauseit____32____relatesthatperiodofhistorythankstoNolan’slifelikefilmmakin

g.Nolangoesdeepandlongonthe____33____ofthebomb,buthedoesn’trestagetheattacksandtherearenodocumentaryimagesofthedeado

rcitiesinashes.ThestorytracksOppenheimeracrossdecades,startinginthe1920swithhimasayoungadultandcontinuinguntilhishair

____34____.Thefilmtouchesonhispersonalandprofessionalmilestones,thecontroversiesthat____35____him,andtheatt

acksthatnearlyruinedhim.Besides,thefriendshipsandromances____36____him,yetalsotroubling,arealsodescribed.ThepathofOppenheimer’slife___37

___shiftedatBerkeley.Hewasonceonlyanacademicthere,buthisidentitychangedafterGermanyenteredPolandbyforce.Bythattime,Op

penheimerhadbecomefriendswithErnestLawrence,aphysicistwhoinventedthehistoricparticleaccelerator(粒子加速器)andplayeda(n)____38___

_roleintheManhattanProject.AndOppenheimeralsomettheproject’smilitaryheadandwasthenmadedirectorofLosAlamos,wheremuchofhi

slaterresearchonnuclearweaponstookplace.FrançoisTruffautoncewrotethat“warfilms,eventhosewhosupportpeace,eventhebest,willinglyornot,present

warsinacertain____39____way.”ThatiswhyNolanrefusestoshowthebombingofHiroshimaandNagasaki,killingmillionso

fsouls.Inthefilm,youhearthatOppenheimer’sfamouswords____40____hisownmindasthemushroomcloudrose:“NowIambecom

eDeath,thedestroyerofworlds.”Nolanisactuallyremindingaudiencetoreconsidertherolestheycanplayintheworld.【答案】31.F32.K33.C34.H35.B36.J37.

G38.I39.A40.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是一则关于《奥本海默》的影评，介绍了电影的大概内容以及人物的背景知识。【31题详解】考查动词。句意：作为一部关于天才、骄傲和错误的戏剧，它展示了美国理论物理学家

的一生，他在第二次世界大战期间帮助研究和开发了投在日本广岛和长崎两个城市的两颗原子弹。根据“thelifeoftheAmericantheoreticalphysicist”以及句意“展示”可知应填动词demonstrate，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用三单形式。故选F。

【32题详解】考查副词。句意：《奥本海默》是一部伟大的作品，部分原因是由于诺兰栩栩如生的电影制作，它生动地讲述了那段历史。根据“relatesthatperiodofhistory”以及句意“生动”可知应填副词vi

vidly，修饰动词relate。故选K。【33题详解】考查名词。句意：诺兰对原子弹的建造进行了深入而漫长的研究，但他没有重现袭击事件，也没有记录死者或灰烬中的城市。根据“ofthebomb”以及句意“建造”可知应填名词building，作宾语。故选C。【34题详解】考

查动词。句意：故事讲述了奥本海默几十年的故事，从20世纪20年代他年轻的时候开始，一直持续到他头发变白。根据“withhimasayoungadultandcontinuinguntilhishair”以及句意“变白”

可知应填动词grey，结合上文startinginthe1920s可知为一般过去时。故选H。【35题详解】考查时态。句意：这部电影触及了他个人和职业上的里程碑，困扰他的争议，以及几乎毁了他的攻击。根据“thecontroversiesthat”以及句意“困扰”可知应填动词bother，结

合attacksthatnearlyruinedhim可知为一般过去时。故选B。【36题详解】考查动词。句意：除此之外，书中还描述了支持他的友谊和爱情，但也令人不安。根据“him,yetalsotroubling”以及句意

“支持”可知应填动词sustain，此处为现在分词作定语。故选J。【37题详解】考查副词。句意：奥本海默的人生轨迹在伯克利发生了戏剧性的变化。根据“Hewasonceonlyanacademicthere,buthisidentitychangedafterG

ermanyenteredPolandbyforce.(他曾经只是一名学者，但在德国武力入侵波兰后，他的身份发生了变化)”以及句意“戏剧性”可知应填副词dramatically，修饰动词shift。故选G。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：那时，奥本海默已经和欧内斯特·劳伦斯成

了朋友，劳伦斯发明了具有历史意义的粒子加速器，并在曼哈顿计划中发挥了重要作用。根据“roleintheManhattanProject”以及句意“重要”可知应填形容词instrumental，修饰名词role。故选I。【39题详解】考查形容词。句意：弗朗索瓦·特吕弗曾写道：“战争片，即使是那些

支持和平的电影，即使是最好的电影，无论是否愿意，都以某种吸引人的方式呈现战争。”根据“warfilms,eventhosewhosupportpeace,eventhebest,willinglyornot,presentwars

inacertain”以及句意“吸引人的”可知应填形容词attractive，修饰名词way。故选A。【40题详解】考查动词。句意：在电影中，当蘑菇云升起时，你会听到奥本海默的名言闪过他的脑海：“现在我变成了死神，世界的毁灭者。”根据“youhearthatOppenheim

er’sfamouswords”以及句意“闪过”可知应填cross，结合asthemushroomcloudrose可知为一般过去时。故选E。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Foreachblanki

nthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Parishaslongbeenatthehear

tofthehistoryofflight.ItiswheretheMontgolfierbrotherswentupinthefirsthot-airballoonin1783,andwhereCharlesLindberghcompletedthefir

stone-persontransatlanticareophanejourneyin1927.Nextyear,ifallgoestoplan,Pariswillwitnessthebirthofanotherindustry____41____,whenVolocopter

,aGermanmakerofelectricaircraft,launchesaflying-taxiserviceduringtheOlympicGames.AttheParisAirshowinJune,Volocopterandsomeofitscompetitorsdisplayedan

ewgenerationof____42____flyingmachinesdesignedforurbantransport.Theelectrificationofaviation(航空)hasoftenbeendismissedas

apipedream,withbatteriesassumedtooheavya___43___fortraditionalfuelinanairbornevehicle.Forlongerjourneys,thatmaywellbetrue.Y

etupstartslikeVolocopterarebettingthatelectrificationcan____44____aboomindemandforcleanandquickairjourneysovershorterdistances.The

mainformofaflyingtaxiunder____45____,calledanelectricvertical(垂直的)take-offandlanding(eVTOL)aircraft,isexpectedtocarryuptofourpassengersplu

sapilot.Poweredbybatteries,itispredictedtobebothquietenoughtoreducecomplaintsincrowdedcities,andfast:capableofupto300kph,e

noughtocomfortably____46____acar,especiallytheonestuckintraffic.Andoptimistsbelievetheabsenceoftrafficinthesk

ywillalsomakeeVTOLswell-suitedto____47____operation.Theycouldprovehandyfortransportinggoods,too.Thatvisionhasinspired__

__48____predictions.Forexample,MorganStanley,aninvestmentbank,estimatesglobalspendingoneVTOLscouldhit$1,000bi

llionby2040!Regardlessoftheabove____49____expectations,challengesremain.Oneproblemistechnicalcertification,whichisturningoutt

obea(n)____50____processasaviationregulatorsworkonanentirelynewformofaircraft.Latelastyear,duetoregulator

ydelaysandsomeotherfactors,Joby,aSiliconValleystartup,wasforcedto____51____itslaunchbyonemoreyearuntil2025.Manyhaveevenlongertogo.Thebigger

questionis—isthebusinessofflyingtaxis___52___practicable?EVTOLscurrentlyrangeinpricefrom$1millionto$4million

.Somebelievethattheircostmaycomedownastheindustrydevelops.BrianYutkoofWisk,amakerbackedbyBoeing,saysthatflying-taxirideswillbeaccessibleto____53____i

nthenearfuture.AndJobypromisesthatitsfareswillbecomparabletocatchingacommontaxi.____54____,thereisanopposite

beliefthateVTOLsarelikelytoremainexpensive.Somestudiessuggestthecostcouldendupashighas$7perkilometer,manytimesaregulartaxifare.Thatmeans,evenwithouta

pilot,flyingtaxismayremainaconvenience____55____onlytoaluckyfew.Let’sexpectplentymoreexperimentswithelectricai

rcraftintheyearsahead.41.A.cooperatorB.competitorC.observerD.pioneer42.A.wind-drivenB.battery-driven

C.gas-drivenD.solar-driven43.A.substituteB.shelterC.treatmentD.desire44.A.regulateB.maintainC.unlockD.reverse45.A.pressureB.

attackC.developmentD.repair46.A.underestimateB.updateC.outpaceD.overdo47.A.rigidB.autonomousC.attentiveD.illegal

48.A.daringB.discouragingC.unclearD.ordinary49.A.technologicalB.unrealisticC.rewardingD.enthusiastic50.A.efficientB.simpleC

.lengthyD.intelligent51.A.putoffB.speedupC.objecttoD.approveof52.A.historicallyB.technicallyC.theoreticallyD.economically53.A.thelearnedB.thedis

abledC.theseniorsD.themasses54.A.FurthermoreB.HoweverC.FortunatelyD.Consequently55.A.affordableB.valuableC.unbelievable

D.unsuitable【答案】41.D42.B43.A44.C45.C46.C47.B48.A49.D50.C51.A52.D53.D54.B55.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是明年，如果一切按计划进行，巴黎将见证另一个行业先驱的

诞生，届时德国电动飞机制造商Volocopter将在奥运会期间推出飞行出租车服务。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：明年，如果一切按计划进行，巴黎将见证另一个行业先驱的诞生，届时德国电动飞机制造商Volocopter将在奥运会期间推出飞

行出租车服务。A.cooperator合作者；B.competitor竞争者；C.observer观察者；D.pioneer先锋。根据下文“launchesaflying-taxiserviceduringtheOlympicGames”可知，Volocopter将在奥运会期间推出飞行出租车服务，

这在以前是没有的，所以这是行业先驱，空格处用pioneer。故选D。【42题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在今年6月的巴黎航展上，Volocopter及其一些竞争对手展示了专为城市交通设计的新一代电池驱动飞行器。A.wind-driv

en风驱动的；B.battery-driven电池驱动的；C.gas-driven燃气驱动的；D.solar-driven太阳能驱动的。根据下文“Theelectrificationofaviation(航空)hasoftenbeendismissedasapipedream,withbatt

eriesassumedtooheavy”可知，飞行器是电池驱动的。故选B。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：航空电气化常常被认为是白日梦，因为人们认为电池太重，无法替代传统的空中交通工具燃料。A.substitute替代物；B.shelter庇护处；C.treat

ment治疗；D.desire渴望。根据上文“batteriesassumedtooheavy”和下文“fortraditionalfuelinanairbornevehicle”可知，人们认为电池太重，无法替代传统的空中交通工具燃料。故选A。

【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，像Volocopter这样的新贵正在打赌，电气化可以在较短的距离内释放对清洁和快速空中旅行的需求。A.regulate调节；B.maintain保持；C.unlock开启；D.revers

e预定。根据下文“aboomindemandforcleanandquickairjourneysovershorterdistances”可知，此处表示“像Volocopter这样的新贵正在打赌，电气化可以在较短的距离内释放对清洁和快速空中旅行的需求”，空格处

意为“开启”。故选C。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正在开发的飞行出租车的主要形式被称为电动垂直起降(eVTOL)飞机，预计最多可搭载四名乘客和一名飞行员。A.pressure压力；B.attack袭击；C.development开发；D.repair修理。根据上文“Nexty

ear,ifallgoestoplan,Pariswillwitnessthebirthofanotherindustry____1____,whenVolocopter,aGermanmakerofelectricaircraf

t,launchesaflying-taxiserviceduringtheOlympicGames”可知，这种飞行出租车明年才推出，所以现在是正在被开发。故选C。【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它由电池供

电，预计既能安静到减少拥挤城市中的抱怨，又能快速行驶:时速可达300公里，足以轻松超过汽车，尤其是堵车的汽车。A.underestimate低估；B.update更新；C.outpace赶过；D.overdo把……做得过分。根据上文“capableofupto300kph”可知，时速

可达300公里，可以超过汽车。故选C。【47题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乐观主义者认为，空中交通的减少也将使eVTOLs非常适合自主操作。A.rigid严格死板的；B.autonomous自动的；C.attentive注意的，专心的；D.illegal非法的。根据上文“theabsenceo

ftrafficinthesky”可知，空中交通的减少就使得eVTOL很适合自主操作。故选B。【48题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一愿景激发了大胆的预测。A.daring大胆的；B.discouraging令人沮丧的；C.unclear不清楚的；D.ordinary普通的。根

据下文“Forexample,MorganStanley,aninvestmentbank,estimatesglobalspendingoneVTOLscouldhit$1,000billionby2040”可知，关于eV

TOLs的愿景激发了人的大胆预测，所以有人愿意花钱在eVTOL上。故选A。【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管有上述热情的期望，挑战依然存在。A.technological技术的；B.unrealistic不现实的；C.rewarding值得的，有意义的；D.enthusiast

ic热情的。根据上文“AndoptimistsbelievetheabsenceoftrafficintheskywillalsomakeeVTOLswell-suitedto____7____operation.

Theycouldprovehandyfortransportinggoods,too.”可知，上文所说的是对eVTOL的热情的期望。故选D。【50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个问题是技术认证，这是一个漫长的过程，因为航空监管机构正在研究一种全新形式的飞机。A.

efficient效率高的；B.simple简单的；C.lengthy冗长的；D.intelligent聪明的。根据上文“technicalcertification”和下文“aviationregulato

rsworkonanentirelynewformofaircraft”可知，技术认证是很漫长的过程，因为航空监管机构正在研究一种全新形式的飞机。故选C。【51题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：去年年底，由于监管延误和其他一些因素，硅谷初创公司Joby被迫将推出时间再推迟一年，直到2025年。A.p

utoff推迟；B.speedup加速；C.objectto反对；D.approveof同意。根据上文“duetoregulatorydelays”可知，监管延误导致硅谷初创公司Joby被迫将推出时间再推迟一年。故选A。【52题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：更大的问题是——飞行

出租车在经济上可行吗？A.historically历史上地；B.technically技术上；C.theoretically理论上；D.economically在经济上。根据“EVTOLscurrentlyrangeinpri

cefrom$1millionto$4million.”可知，EVTOL很贵，所以此处问的问题是它在经济上是否可行。故选D。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：波音支持的制造商Wisk的BrianYutko说，在

不久的将来，群众将可以乘坐飞行出租车。A.thelearned学识渊博的人；B.thedisabled残疾人；C.theseniors老年人；D.themasses群众。根据下文“itsfareswillbecomparabletoc

atchingacommontaxi”可知，它的票价与普通出租车相当，那么将来普通的群众也可以乘坐这种飞行出租车。故选D。【54题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一种相反观点认为evtol可能仍然很昂贵。A.Furthermore另外；B.However然而；C.Fortuna

tely幸运的是；D.Consequently结果。根据上文“Jobypromisesthatitsfareswillbecomparabletocatchingacommontaxi”和下文“there

isanoppositebeliefthateVTOLsarelikelytoremainexpensive”可知，前后两句是转折关系，因此空格处是However。故选B。【55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这意味着，即使没有飞行员，飞行出租车可能仍然是

一种只有少数幸运儿才能负担得起的便利。A.affordable负担得起的；B.valuable有价值的；C.unbelievable难以置信的；D.unsuitable不合适的。根据上文“Somestudiessu

ggestthecostcouldendupashighas$7perkilometer,manytimesaregulartaxifare”可知，飞行出租车票价仍然很贵，所以只有少数人才能负担得起。故选A。

SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedsta

tements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouha

vejustread.的(A)Everysummer,asachild,Ispentwithmyparentstheannualfamilyholiday,flyingawayfromourhomeint

heWestMidlandstotheirbirthplaceinIreland.Ienjoyedit,butonce,Ibehaveddifferentlyandlefthome.Packagetoursandlong-distanceflightsbecamemyide

aofaholiday.IthenwentandranintoanEnglishmanwhoalsocameofIrishstock,andwebothfelttheurgetorenewourknowledgeofIreland.Itwasimportantforustodis

coversomethingdifferentfromourchildhoodvisits.Sothat’showwecametodrivealongthewindingStJohn’sPointPeninsula(半岛)inDonegal,partofIreland’sWildAtl

anticWay,tovisitauniquepartofthe20th-centuryhistory—theDonegalCorridor.Whenanyonedrivestothepointwhe

rethelandrunsout,heseesgiantwhitestonesfixedfirmlyingreengrassspellingout“EIRE”and“70”,whiletheAtlanticwindfiercelyblowsacrosstheheadlandandthei

ce-whitewavessmashintotherocksbelow.Themeaningbehindthestones?TheydatebacktotheSecondWorldWarwhenStJohn

’sPointwasnumber70inatotalof83LookOutPoints(LOPs),observationstationssetupandmaintainedbyIrelandallarounditscoast.Thereliesabit

ofcuriousUK-Irelandhistory.AlthoughIrelandwasofficiallyneutralduringthewar,theBattleoftheAtlanticwasbeingfou

ghtclosetoIrishshores,andtheseLOPs,staffedbylocalvolunteersknownasCoastwatchers,passedoninformationonactivi

tiesconnectedwiththeseaandweatherfrontstoLondon.AtStJohn’sPoint,wewerestandingrightundertheDonegalCorridor,alongnar

rowareaofairspaceinwhichIrelandensuredsafepassageduringWorldWarIItoplanesintheRAF(RoyalAirForce)fromb

asesintheUK-governedNorthofIreland.Thestonemarkingsactedasreferencepointstoaircrews.Standingonthisroughareaoflandsurr

oundedbythewildandwindyoceanbroughthometoustheconditionsinwhichtheCoastwatchersandaircrewsintheRAFcooperatedinasharedhist

ory.Irevoltedagainstmyfamilytraditionthatsummer,andIfulfilledmyaimofdiscoveringsomethingnewandabsorbedallDon

egalhastooffer:emptygoldenbeaches,mysteriousancientstonecircles,folkmusicandcrafts,andtastyfood.Ihadfallen

inlovewithIrelandalloveragain.56.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromparagraphs1to3?A.ShemetachildhoodfriendfromIrelandthatye

ar.B.SheandthatEnglishmanbothhadIrishancestors.C.Shetookpackagetoursandlong-distanceflightseveryyear.D.Sheexplore

dtheWildAtlanticWaywithherfamilymembers.57.ThegiantwhitestoneswereimportantduringWWIIbecause.A.theBa

ttleoftheAtlantictookplacerightclosetothemB.weatherinformationfromtheUKwassentthroughthemC.theyfunctionedasreferencepointstoaircre

wsintheRAFD.theyrankedatthetopinthe83LOPsaroundtheIrishcoast58.Theexpression“revoltedagainst”inthelastparagraphisclosest

inmeaningto.A.worriedaboutB.passedonC.celebratedD.disobeyed59.Whichmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.AGlobalJourneyB.Discover

ingUndiscoveredDonegalC.HappyHolidaysD.EscapingfromtheWestMidlands【答案】56.B57.C58.D59.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者有一年夏天去爱尔兰旅行的经历，她和一位同样有爱尔兰血统

的英国人参观了多尼戈尔走廊，发现了其背后独特的历史意义，并认识到了很多新事物。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Everysummer,asachild,Ispentwithmyparentstheannualfamilyholiday,flyingawayfromourho

meintheWestMidlandstotheirbirthplaceinIreland.(小时候，每年夏天，我都会和父母一起度过一年一度的家庭假期，从西米德兰兹郡的家飞到他们在爱尔兰的出生地)”和第二段中“IthenwentandranintoanEnglishmanwhoalsoca

meofIrishstock,andwebothfelttheurgetorenewourknowledgeofIreland.(然后我去了，碰到了一个同样是爱尔兰血统的英国人，我们都感到迫切需要更新我们对爱尔兰的认识)”可知，作者和这位英国人都有爱尔兰祖先。故选B项。【57题详解】细节理解题。根

据倒数第三段“AtStJohn’sPoint,wewerestandingrightundertheDonegalCorridor,alongnarrowareaofairspaceinwhichIrelanden

suredsafepassageduringWorldWarIItoplanesintheRAF(RoyalAirForce)frombasesintheUK-governedNorthofIreland.Thestonem

arkingsactedasreferencepointstoaircrews.(在圣约翰角，我们正站在多尼戈尔走廊的正下方，这是一个狭长的空域，在第二次世界大战期间，爱尔兰确保了英国皇家空军RAF的飞机从英国统治的北爱尔兰基地安全通过。这些石头标记充当

了机组人员的参考点)”可知，这些白色巨石在二战中很重要是因为它们是英国皇家空军机组人员的参考点。故选C项。【58题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Ienjoyedit,butonce,Ibehaveddifferentlyandlefthome

.(我很喜欢，但有一次，我表现得不一样，离开了家)”，以及画线词的下文“myfamilytraditionthatsummer(那年夏天我的家庭传统)”可推知，此处指上文提到的作者在那年夏天没有遵循以往的家庭传统，而是独自一人去旅行，revoltagainst意思应该是“反抗，不遵

循”，与disobey意思相近。故选D项。【59题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“IfulfilledmyaimofdiscoveringsomethingnewandabsorbedallDonegalhastooffer:empty

goldenbeaches,mysteriousancientstonecircles,folkmusicandcrafts,andtastyfood.IhadfalleninlovewithIrelandalloveragain(我实现了发现新事物的目标，并吸收了多尼戈尔所能提供的一切：

空旷的金色海滩、神秘的古代石圈、民间音乐和手工艺，以及美味的食物。我又一次爱上了爱尔兰)”可知，文章讲述了作者有一年夏天去爱尔兰旅行的经历，她和一位同样有爱尔兰血统的英国人参观了多尼戈尔走廊，发现了其背后独特的历史意义，并认识到了很多新事

物。因此，B项“发现未被发现的多尼戈尔”符合文章大意，适合作为标题。故选B项。(B)Ads,news,movies,TVshows,andmanyothertypesofmediaallwantyoutoaccepttheirmessagesatfacevalue.However,y

oushouldlookbeneaththesurfaceandaskquestionstodecodewhatthemediamessageisreallysaying.Youneedtoaskyourselftwo

basicquestions:Whoisthesourceofthemessage?Howisittryingtogetyourattention?Question1:Whoisthesourceofthemessage?(PictureA)Knowingwhoisresp

onsibleforamessagecanrevealitstrueintention,aswellasanypossibleprejudice.Justtakethepictureaboveasanexample.Whyareweaskedtobantheimpact

s?Don’tforgetthatthesourceatthebottomplaysapart.If,sometimes,thesourceisn’tclear,wecanlookforitbycheckinglegaldocume

nts.Question2:Howisittryingtogetyourattention?(PictureB)Theobviouspartofamessageiscalledthetext,whichin

cludesanylanguage,imagery,music,oranythingelseyoucanseeorhear.Theimpliedpartofamessageiscalledthesubtext,andit’ssuggestedbythec

ontentratherthandirectlyseenorheard.Weasindividualsthendecidehowtointerpretthissubtextbasedonourpersonalideas,worldv

iews,andexpectations.Peoplewithdifferentperspectivesmightinterpretthesamepieceofmessagedifferently.Mindthatsomemediamayjusttakeadvantageofthe

prejudice.(PictureC)Photocontrolisnearlyasoldasphotographyitself,butmoderntechnologyhasmadeitcommonandeasytodo.Usin

gphotoeditingsoftware,almostanyonecanmakebigchangestoanimage,fromadjustingcolorsandlightingtoaddingandremov

ingcontent.That’swhyyoushouldalwayskeepacriticaleyeonimagesinthemedia.Somemediamayholdbackoroverstateinformation,likeanadvertisementthatmakesthepro

ductsappearmoreeffectivethantheyreallyare.(PictureD)Socialmediauserscanalsogivethemselvesadigitaltransformationwithalittl

eeffort.Theycanmakethemselveslookhowevertheylikeinjustafewmoments.Butsincetheseeditedimagesarepresentedasreality,theycanaffectourmentalwell-being

.Byconstantlyseeingpicturesofartificiallysuperbpeople,someofusmaystarttobelievethatthesepicturesaregenuine,andthatwecanneverliveuptotheseunr

ealisticideals.Thistypeofharmfulthinkingcanleadtoallsortsofmentalandemotionalhealthconcerns.60.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.themedi

ahopethatyoucanmakesenseoftheirtruemeaningsB.findingthesourcesofmediahelpstoformasensiblejudgmentC.te

xtismoreimportantthansubtextwhenweanalyzethemessagesD.photographyandphotoeditingsoftwaredatebacktothesametime61.Yourauntfindshernewly-boughtbeltdoe

sn’tmakehersostylishasadvertised.Whichpicturecanillustratethecase?A.PictureAB.PictureBC.PictureCD.PictureD62

.Thispassagecanbefoundunderthesectionof________.A.MassMediaReadingB.Content-TargetedAdvertisingC.DeconstructingWe

b-pagesD.PersuasiveLanguageRecognition【答案】60.B61.C62.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是解读媒体信息的真正含义所需要问的两个基本问题：消息的来源是谁和它是如何引起你

的注意的。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据第1段“However,youshouldlookbeneaththesurfaceandaskquestionstodecodewhatthemediamessageisreally

saying.Youneedtoaskyourselftwobasicquestions:Whoisthesourceofthemessage?Howisittryingtogetyourattention?(

然而，你应该透过表面，问一些问题来解读媒体信息的真正含义。你需要问自己两个基本问题：消息的来源是谁？它是如何引起你的注意的？)”可知，找到媒体的来源有助于形成一个明智的判断。故选B。【61题详解】推理判断题。根据PictureC的介

绍部分中的“Usingphotoeditingsoftware,almostanyonecanmakebigchangestoanimage,fromadjustingcolorsandlightingtoaddingandremovingcontent.That’swhyyou

shouldalwayskeepacriticaleyeonimagesinthemedia.Somemediamayholdbackoroverstateinformation,likeanadvertiseme

ntthatmakestheproductsappearmoreeffectivethantheyreallyare.(使用照片编辑软件，几乎任何人都可以对图像进行重大修改，从调整颜色和灯光到添加和删除内容。这就是为什么你应该始终对媒体中的图像保持批判的眼光。一些媒体可能会隐瞒或夸大信息，比如广

告使产品看起来比实际更有效。)”可知，题干“你阿姨发现她新买的腰带并不像广告上说的那么时髦”描述的是货与商家宣传照片不对版，与图C一致。故选C。【62题详解】推理判断题。根据第1段“Ads,news,movies,TVshows,andma

nyothertypesofmediaallwantyoutoaccepttheirmessagesatfacevalue.However,youshouldlookbeneaththesurfaceandaskque

stionstodecodewhatthemediamessageisreallysaying.(广告、新闻、电影、电视节目和许多其他类型的媒体都希望你从表面上接受它们的信息。然而，你应该透过表面，问一些问题来解

读媒体信息的真正含义。)”可知，文章讲了如何识别各种媒体传递的真正信息，因此可能在大众传媒阅读部分读到这篇文章。故选A。(C)Antibiotics,whichcandestroyorpreventthegrowthofbacteriaandcu

reinfections,arevitaltomodernmedicine.Theirabilitytokillbacteriawithoutharmingthepatienthassavedbillionsoflivesandmadesurgicalproc

eduresmuchsafer.Butafterdecadesofoveruse,theirpowersarefading.Somebacteriahaveevolvedresistance,creatingagrowingarmyofsuperb

ugs,againstwhichthereislittleeffectivetreatment.Antimicrobial(抗菌的)resistance,expectedtokill10millionpeopleayearby2050upfromaround1millionin

2019,hasbeenseenasacrisisbymany.Itwouldbeunwisetorelyonnewantibioticstosolvetheproblem.Therateatwhichresistanceemergesisincreasing.Somene

wdrugslastonlytwoyearsbeforebacteriadevelopresistance.Whennewantibioticsdoarrive,doctorsoftenstorethem,u

singthemonlyreluctantlyandforshortperiodswhenfacedwiththemostpersistentinfections.Thatlimitssales,makingnewantibioticsanunappealingideaformost

drugfirms.Governmentshavebeentryingtofixtheproblembychannelingcashintoresearchindrugfirms.Thathasproducedonlylimitedi

mprovements.Butthereisaphenomenonworthalook.Microbiologistshaveknownfordecadesthatdisease-causingbacteriacansufferfromillnessesofthei

rown.Theyaresupersensitivetoattacksbyphages,specializedvirusesthatinfectbacteriaandoftenkillthem.Phagesareconsideredapromi

singalternativetoantibiotics.Usingonedisease-causingvirustofightbacteriahasseveraladvantages.Likeantib

iotics,phagesonlytendtochooseparticulartargets,leavinghumancellsaloneastheyinfectanddestroybacterialones.Unlikeantibiotics,phagesca

nevolvejustasreadilyasbacteriacan,meaningthatevenifbacteriadodevelopresistance,phagesmaybeabletoevolvearoundtheminturn.That,atleast,isth

etheory.Thetroublewithphagesisthatcomparativelylittleisknownaboutthem.Afterthediscoveryofpenicillin,thefirstantibiot

ic,in1928,theywerelargelyignoredintheWest.Giventheseverityoftheantibiotic-resistanceproblem,itwouldbeagoodideatofindoutmor

eaboutthem.Thefirststepistorunmoreclinicaltrials.InterestfromWesternfirmsisgrowing.Butitisbeingheldbackbythefactthatphagesareaneve

nlessappealinginvestmentthanantibiotics.Sincetheyarenaturallivingthings,theremaybetroublepatentingthem,makingithardtorecoveranyinvestment.Gover

nmentscanhelpfundbasicresearchintophagetreatmentandclarifythelawaroundexactlywhatisandisnotpatentable.Intime

theycansetupphagebankssoastomakeproductioncheaper.Andtheycanspreadawarenessoftherisksofoverusingantibiotics,andthepotentialbenefits

ofphages.63.Wecanlearnfromparagraphs1and2that.A.doctorstendtousenewantibioticswhenthepatientsaskforthemB.antimicrobialresistanceisdevelopi

ngmorerapidlythanpredictedC.newantibioticsfailtoattractdrugfirmsduetolimiteduseofthemD.previousantibioticsareeffectiveinsolvingmodernhealthpro

blems64Whatisphages’advantageoverantibiotics?A.Theycanincreasehumancellswhenfightingbacteria.B.Theyarenotparticularaboutwhichcellstoinfect

andkill..C.Theycanevolveaccordinglywhenbacteriadevelopresistance.D.Theyaretoosensitivetobeinfectedbydisease-causingbacteria.65.Accordingtothepassag

e,theobstacletophagetreatmentisthat.A.thereislittlechanceofpatentingphagesinthefutureB.governmentsprovidefinancialsupportforotherresearchC.

theemergenceofsuperbugsholdsbackdrugfirms’interestD.over-dependenceonantibioticsdistractsattentionfromphages66.Wha

tisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Governmentsfailtostoptheuseofantibiotics.B.Phagescouldhelppreventanantibiotic

scrisis.C.Developmentofantibioticsislimitedbyphages.D.Antimicrobialresistancecallsfornewantibiotics.【答案】63.C64.C65

.D66.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了噬菌体可以替代问题多多的抗生素，有许多优点，建议政府多方面采取措施推动推广。【63题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Whennewantibioticsdoarrive,doctorsoftenstore

them,usingthemonlyreluctantlyandforshortperiodswhenfacedwiththemostpersistentinfections.Thatlimitssales,m

akingnewantibioticsanunappealingideaformostdrugfirms.(当新的抗生素出现时，医生通常会把它们储存起来，在面对最持久的感染时，他们只是不情愿地短期使用它们。这限制了销售，使得新抗生素对大多数制药公司来说是一个没有吸引力的想法)”可知，由

于使用有限，新型抗生素无法吸引制药公司。故选C。64题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Unlikeantibiotics,phagescanevolvejustasreadilyasbacteriacan,mean

ingthatevenifbacteriadodevelopresistance,phagesmaybeabletoevolvearoundtheminturn.(与抗生素不同，噬菌体可以像细菌一样迅速进化，这意味着即使细菌产生耐药性，噬菌体也可以反过来在细菌周围进化)”可

知，噬菌体相对于抗生素优势是当细菌产生耐药性时，它们会相应地进化。故选C。【65题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Thetroublewithphagesisthatcomparativelylittleisknownaboutthem.Afterthediscoveryo

fpenicillin,thefirstantibiotic,in1928,theywerelargelyignoredintheWest.Giventheseverityoftheantibiotic-res

istanceproblem,itwouldbeagoodideatofindoutmoreaboutthem.(噬菌体的问题在于，人们对【的它们的了解相对较少。1928年，第一种抗生素青霉素被发现后，它们在西方基本上被忽视了。考虑到抗生素耐药性问题的严重性，找到更多关

于它们的信息将是一个好主意)”可知，噬菌体治疗的障碍是对抗生素的过度依赖分散了对噬菌体的关注。故选D。【66题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Antibiotics,whichcandestroyorpreventtheg

rowthofbacteriaandcureinfections,arevitaltomodernmedicine.Theirabilitytokillbacteriawithoutharmingthepatienthassavedbi

llionsoflivesandmadesurgicalproceduresmuchsafer.Butafterdecadesofoveruse,theirpowersarefading.Somebacteriahaveevolvedresistance,creatingagrowingarm

yofsuperbugs,againstwhichthereislittleeffectivetreatment.Antimicrobial(抗菌的)resistance,expectedtokill10millionpeopleayearby2050upfromaround

1millionin2019,hasbeenseenasacrisisbymany.(抗生素对现代医学至关重要，它可以消灭或阻止细菌的生长，并治愈感染。它们在不伤害病人的情况下杀死细菌的能力挽救了数十亿人的生命，并使外科手术更加安全。但经过几十年的过度使用，它们的力量正在减弱

。一些细菌已经进化出了耐药性，产生了越来越多的超级细菌，而目前几乎没有有效的治疗方法。抗微生物药物耐药性被许多人视为一场危机。预计到2050年，每年将导致1000万人死亡，而2019年约为100万人)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要解释了噬菌体可以替代问题多多的抗生素，

有许多优点，建议政府多方面采取措施推动推广，所以本文的主旨是噬菌体可以帮助预防抗生素危机。故选B。SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersenten

cegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.SocialMaskingAmandaisalwaysanexpertatworkingtheroo

m.Shewouldadoptthemannerofthepeoplearoundhertofitinwhilehidinghertruepersonality.Thisissocialmasking,theprocessofhidingyournat

uralwayofinteractingwithotherssoyoucanfeelaccepted.____67____Instead,theyarehopingtofitinwitheverybod

yelse.Socialmaskingisasetoflearnedpattern-matchingbehaviors,movementsandactionswhereyoutrytobenormaltofitinrat

herthanstandout.____68____Peopleallwearcertainsocialmasksinordertogetthroughsometrickylifesituationswithconfidence,accord

ingtoDr.TaraQuinn-Cirillo.Andsomeexpertseventhinksocialmaskingisbuiltinallhumanbeingsataphysicallevel,addingthatsomethinginour

braingivesindicationsofhowtoessentiallystaysafeandnotstickout.Inaworldthatoftentellsustojustbeourselves,youmightwonderwhyw

earestilldependentonthesesocialmaskingbehaviors.“Socialmaskinghappensbecauseweasaspecieswanttobeincluded,”sa

ysTara.“Ithasbeenatribalthingofbeingtogetherratherthanbeingonourown,fromahistoricalperspective.____69____”Thereisahugedifferenceb

etweennaturallyidentifyingwithsomeoneandconsciouslysocialmasking.____70____Socialmasking,ontheotherhand,involvesaconsciou

sefforttochangeyourpersonalitytosuityoursurroundings.Ittypicallyinvolvesdepressingyournaturalurgesandchangingyourpersonalintereststo

fitthecrowd.A.Socialmaskersdonottryhardtomatchotherpeopleinpaceandtone.B.Socialmaskingissomethingweallengag

eintosomeextent.C.Socialmaskersarenottryingtofoxanyone.D.Whenweareinnaturalidentificationwithsomeone,ithappensnaturally,andthereisverylit

tleeffortinvolved.E.It’sadoptedbypeopleunabletonaturallyactinawayconsideredsociallyacceptable.F.Thatis,i

t’sanancientpartofourevolutiontosocialize,ratherthanbeanti-socialoramisfit.【答案】67.C68.B69.F70.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是社交伪装，社交伪装的作用以及

意义等。【67题详解】根据上文“Amandaisalwaysanexpertatworkingtheroom.Shewouldadoptthemannerofthepeoplearoundhertofitinwhilehidinghe

rtruepersonality.Thisissocialmasking,theprocessofhidingyournaturalwayofinteractingwithotherssoyoucanfeelaccepted.(阿曼达在整理房间方面总是很在

行。她会模仿周围人的举止来适应，同时隐藏自己的真实个性。这是社会伪装，隐藏你与他人互动的自然方式，这样你就会感到被接受)”以及后文“Instead,theyarehopingtofitinwitheverybodyelse.Socialmaskingisasetoflearnedpat

tern-matchingbehaviors,movementsandactionswhereyoutrytobenormaltofitinratherthanstandout.(相反，他们希望能和其他人打成一片。社会伪装是一套习得的模式匹配行为，动作和行动

，你试图成为正常的，以适应而不是脱颖而出)”可知，后文指出了社会伪装者的真实意图，可知本句是在说明与后文“希望能和其他人打成一片”相反的观点：想要欺骗任何人。故C选项“社交伪装者并不是想要欺骗任何人”符合语境，故选C。【68题详解】根据本段内容“Peopleallw

earcertainsocialmasksinordertogetthroughsometrickylifesituationswithconfidence,accordingtoDr.TaraQuinn-Cirillo.Andsomee

xpertseventhinksocialmaskingisbuiltinallhumanbeingsataphysicallevel,addingthatsomethinginourbraingivesindicationsofhowtoessentiallysta

ysafeandnotstickout.(根据塔拉·奎因-西里洛博士的说法，人们都戴着一定的社交面具，以便自信地度过一些棘手的生活状况。一些专家甚至认为，社会面具是在所有人的身体层面上建立的，并补充说，我们大脑中的某些东西给出了如何基本上保持安全而不引人注目的指示)”可知，本段主要说明了人们社

交伪装的原因之一是为了度过困境。故B选项“在某种程度上，我们都会戴上社交面具”符合语境，故选B。【69题详解】根据上文“Inaworldthatoftentellsustojustbeourselves,youmightwond

erwhywearestilldependentonthesesocialmaskingbehaviors.“Socialmaskinghappensbecauseweasaspecieswantto

beincluded,”saysTara.“Ithasbeenatribalthingofbeingtogetherratherthanbeingonourown,fromahistoricalperspective.(在一个经常告诉

我们做自己的世界里，你可能想知道为什么我们仍然依赖于这些社会掩饰行为。塔拉说：“社会伪装之所以发生，是因为我们作为一个物种想要被包括在内。从历史的角度来看，这是一个部落的事情，我们在一起，而不是独自一人)”可知，上文提到了我们不是独自一个人，而是一个群体，故本句进行进一步解释说

明：社会化是我们进化的一个古老部分，而不是反社会或格格不入。故F选项“它被那些不能按照社会公认的方式自然行事的人所采用”符合语境，故选F。【70题详解】根据上文“Thereisahugedifference

betweennaturallyidentifyingwithsomeoneandconsciouslysocialmasking.(在自然地认同某人和有意识的社会伪装之间存在着巨大的差异)”以及后文“Socialma

sking,ontheotherhand,involvesaconsciousefforttochangeyourpersonalitytosuityoursurroundings.Ittypicallyinvolvesdepressingyournaturalur

gesandchangingyourpersonalintereststofitthecrowd.(另一方面，社会伪装涉及到有意识地改变你的个性以适应你的环境。它通常包括抑制你的自然冲动，改变你的个人兴趣以适应人群)”可知，本句是在解释自然认同和社会伪装之间的差异，故D选项“当我们

与某人产生自然的认同时，它会很自然地发生，几乎不需要付出什么努力”符合语境，故选D。IV.SummaryWriting71.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Sum

marizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WhyShouldWeReadLiteraryClassics?Manyhavegro

wnuponahealthydietofliteraryclassics.Someliteraryclassicshavebeeninspiringreadersinmanyways.Inthisageoffast-turners,ho

wdoesinvestingourtimeinatimelessliteraryclassicchangeusforthebetter?Manyliteraryclassicsfromyesteryear,whichgotlit

tleornosuccesswhenpublished,areconsideredinvaluable.Thesebooksofferawindowthroughwhichwecanexperiencehistori

esrootedindifferentcultures.Onecanalwaysask,“Butwecandosobyreadingourhistorybookstoo.Whydoweneedtoreadclassics?”Thesimpleanswer

isthattheseliteraryclassicsarenotjustaretellingofhistory.Theyallowustohaveamoreindividualizedexperience,wherethe

yshowusotherwaystolookathistory.Itiscommonknowledgethatreadingasahabithelpsusimproveourcommandofthela

nguage.Butliteraryclassicshaveanedge:theenrichingwritingstyleissomethingthatsetsthemapart.Fascinatedwiththeamazingwordingandph

rasing,we’llsurelypauseandwonderaboutwhatweread.Forinstance,whenwereadShakespeare,wenaturallybegintoconsiderhowtobetterexpressourideasjustlike

hisfar-reaching“Havemorethanyoushow;speaklessthanyouknow.”Onemorebenefitisthatafterreadingclassics,wewon’tseenon-classicsasjustotherst

ories:we’llbecomeinterestedinthem.Maybewe’llrealizethatsomedetailsweignoredlasttimeareactuallyworthappreciatin

g,orwe’lldiscoverliterarydevicesthatbringawholenewmeaningtothestory.Literaryclassicsofferusmoreperspectivestodigdeepandenhanc

eourabilitytothinkandreason,whichwillinevitablyspilloverintoourreadingofotherworks.Wefinallyfallinlovewithnon-c

lassicsaswell.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】WhyShouldWeR

eadLiteraryClassics?Readingliteraryclassicsbenefitsusalot.Firstly,Itoffersusindividualizedwaysofexperiencinghistory.secon

dly,itimprovesourwritingabilitybyencouragingustothinkovertheirexpressionsandlearntoexpressourideasinthatway.Beside

s,we’lllovetoreadnon-classicsbecausereadingclassicsenableustothinkandreasondeeplyfromdiverseperspective.【

解析】【导语】本文是篇议论文。阅读文学名著使我们受益匪浅。首先，它为我们提供了个性化的体验历史的方式。其次，它通过鼓励我们思考他们的表达并学会用这种方式表达我们的想法来提高我们的写作能力。此外，我们会喜

欢阅读非经典作品，因为阅读经典作品可以让我们从不同的角度进行深入的思考和推理。【详解】1.要点摘录：1.Inthisageoffast-turners,howdoesinvestingourtimeinati

melessliteraryclassicchangeusforthebetter?2.Thesimpleansweristhattheseliteraryclassicsarenotjustaretellingofhist

ory.Theyallowustohaveamoreindividualizedexperience,wheretheyshowusotherwaystolookathistory.3.Butliteraryclassicshaveanedge:theenrich

ingwritingstyleissomethingthatsetsthemapart.4.Literaryclassicsofferusmoreperspectivestodigdeepandenhanceourabilitytothinkandreason,whichwill

inevitablyspilloverintoourreadingofotherworks.2.缜密构思：将1、2、3、4分别进行总结概述。3.遣词造句：Readingliteraryclassicsbenefitsusalot.F

irstly,Itoffersusindividualizedwaysofexperiencinghistory.secondly,itimprovesourwritingabilitybyencouragingustothinkovertheirexpressionsa

ndlearntoexpressourideasinthatway.Besides,we’lllovetoreadnon-classicsbecausereadingclassicsenableustothinkandre

asondeeplyfromdiverseperspective.【点睛】【高分句型1】secondly,itimprovesourwritingabilitybyencouragingustothinkovertheirexp

ressionsandlearntoexpressourideasinthatway.（运用了动名词作宾语。）【高分句型2】Besides,we’lllovetoreadnon-classicsbecausereadingclassicsenableustothinkandre

asondeeplyfromdiverseperspective.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句。）V.TranslationDirections:Translatethefollowingsentencesint

oEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.室友们商定好每两天打扫一次宿舍。(agree)(汉译英)【答案】Theroommatesagreedtocleanthedormitorye

verytwodays.【解析】【详解】考查名词和时态。结合句意可知事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。句子主语是“室友们”，即“roommates”，是roommate的复数形式，放在句首首字母大写；“agreetodosth.”意为“同意做某事”，“agree

”的过去式为“agreed”，是句子谓语；“打扫宿舍”用“cleanthedormitory”，“clean”这一动词用在“agreeto”后，应用原形；“每两天”用“everytwodays”，放在

句末作时间状语。故答案为Theroommatesagreedtocleanthedormitoryeverytwodays.73.“乏味”这个词和他最新的漫画沾不上边。(apply)(汉译英)【答案】Theword“boring”doesnotapplytohislatestcomics.【

解析】【详解】考查时态、固定短语。表示“‘乏味’这个词”用Theword“boring”，作主语。“沾不上边”可以理解为“不适用”用applyto的否定形式，其中to为介词。结合句意可知，本句陈述事实用一般现在时，且主语Theword“boring”为第三人称单数，可知本题助动词用doe

snot。表示“他最新的漫画”用hislatestcomics，作to的宾语。故翻译为Theword“boring”doesnotapplytohislatestcomics.74.说实话，尽管城市漫步广受年轻人欢迎

，我还是偏爱海钓。(despite)(汉译英)【答案】Totellthetruth,despitethepopularityofcitywanderingamongyoungpeople,Istillpreferseafishing.【解

析】【详解】考查介词和时态。表示“说实话”短语为totellthetruth；表示“尽管”应用介词despite，表示“城市漫步广受年轻人欢迎”翻译为thepopularityofcitywanderingamongyoungpeople，作介词的宾语；主语为I；

表示“偏爱”应用动词prefer，副词still修饰，表示“海钓”短语为seafishing。为一般现在时。故翻译为Totellthetruth,despitethepopularityofcitywanderingamon

gyoungpeople,Istillpreferseafishing。75.球员个人是否拥有出色的得分能力固然重要，但场上取胜的关键在于团队合作。(matter)(汉译英)【答案】Whetheraplayerhasexcellentscoring

abilitymatters,butthekeytowinningonthefieldliesinteamwork.【解析】【详解】考查句子结构。本句描述一般规律，用一般现在时。表示“球员个人是否拥有出色的

得分能力”用whether引导主语从句，为whetheraplayerhasexcellentscoringability，表示谓语“固然重要”用动词matter的第三人称单数形式matters；表示“场上取胜的关键在于团队合作”为thekey

towinningonthefieldliesinteamwork，主语the可以后的to是介词，介词短语towinningonthefield作后置定语，动名词winning作介词宾语，动词短语liein“在于”

是固定搭配。句首字母大写，故翻译为Whetheraplayerhasexcellentscoringabilitymatters,butthekeytowinningonthefieldliesinteamwork。VI.GuidedWriting76.Dire

ctions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120—150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是明启中学的高

三学生吴磊。为了提高你校英文阅览室的使用率，该阅览室负责人Mr.James正向全校学生征求意见。请你给Mr.James写一封电子邮件，你需要在邮件中：(1)分析英文阅览室使用率不高的原因；(2)提出相应的

改进建议。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________【答案】DearMr.James,Iamwritingthislettertoexpressmyideasabouthowtoimprovetheu

tilizationrateofEnglishreadingroominourschool.IthinkthereasonsforthelowusagerateofEnglishreadingroomsareasfoll

ows.Firstofall,thestudents’Englishlevelisnothigh,whichmakesthemuninterestedinEnglishreadingmaterials.Secondly,thebooksintheEnglish

readingroomcannotkeepupwiththetrend.Finally,studentsaresooccupiedwithdoinghomeworkthattheycan’tsparetimetoreadEnglishbooks.Tosolv

etheaboveproblems,mysuggestionsareasfollows.Firstofall,schoolsshouldmakeamorereasonablescheduletosetasideenoughtimeforstudentstoread.Second,Englis

hteachersstresstheimportanceofreadingtostimulatestudents’interestinreading.Third,schoolsshouldbuythereadingmat

erialsthatcanattractstudents.Ihopemyadvicecanbeofsomehelptoyou.YoursWuLei【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生阅览室负责人Mr.James写一封电子邮件，分析英文阅

览室使用率不高的原因并提出相应的改进建议。【详解】1.词汇积累表达：express→convey最后：finally→atlast解决：solve→address强调：stress→emphasize2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Fi

rstofall,schoolsshouldmakeamorereasonablescheduletosetasideenoughtimeforstudentstoread.拓展句：Firstofall,schoolsshouldma

keamorereasonableschedulethatcansetasideenoughtimeforstudentstoread.【点睛】[高分句型1]Firstofall,thestudents’Englishlevel

isnothigh,whichmakesthemuninterestedinEnglishreadingmaterials.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)[高分句型2]Finally,studentsaresooccupiedwi

thdoinghomeworkthattheycan’tsparetimetoreadEnglishbooks.(运用了so...that...引导的结果状语从句)