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2019~2020学年度第二学期高二年级阶段检测英语试题第一部分单项选择(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上相应位置进行填涂。1.Theprivateplaceisonlyaccessibleto
theroyalfamilyandthosewhohavethe______grantedbytheQueen.A.certificateB.privilegeC.dignityD.elegance【答
案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:这个私人场所只有皇室成员和那些被女王授权特权的人们可以进入。A.certificate证书;B.privilege特权;C.dignity尊严;D.elegance优雅。根据常识,是被女王授予“特权”
进入私人场所,故B项正确。2._____oftheirbadhabits,theboysswitchedfrombeingdependentontheirparentsto_______forothers.A.Havingrid;sacrificingB.Torid;sacrific
eC.Rid;sacrificingD.Havingbeenrid;sacrifice【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:通过摆脱坏习惯后,男孩们从依赖父母的人变成了可以为他人牺牲的人。thebo
ys是rid的执行者,要用现在分词的主动形式,排除C和D。changedfromto(从……转向……)中to是介词,后跟doing。故选A。3.________throughoutthecountrysideandremoteareas,satellitedishesm
akeTVaccessibletopeoplewholivefarawayfromcities.A.SeendistributingB.SeentobedistributedC.SeendistributedD.Havingseendist
ributed【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:遍布乡村和边远地区的卫星天线使远离城市的人们可以收看电视。前后主语相同,主语satellitedishes和动词“看”是被动关系,要用过去分词。dis
tribute“分布”,看到卫星天线被分布在偏远地区,表被动用过去分词。综上,C选项正确。4.Thejobapplicantwasnotqualifiedforthevacantpositionashedidn
’thavethe______experienceasrequiredforthejob.A.obviousB.ambitiousC.relevantD.apparent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:这位求职者没有资格担任空缺职位,因为他没有这项工作所需的相关经验。A.
obvious明显的;B.ambitious有雄心的;C.relevant相关的;D.apparent明显的。根据常识可知,是相关经验,故C选项正确。5.Whatwouldhavehappened_________,asfarastheri
verbank?A.ifBobhaswalkedfartherB.hadBobwalkedfartherC.ifBobshouldwalkfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果鲍勃走得更远,一直走到河岸,会发生什么事呢?通
过主句的谓语动词可以判断出是虚拟语气,主句谓语动词(wouldhavedone)是对过去事实的虚拟,所以从句也是对过去的虚拟,采用过去虚拟结构(haddone),这里省略了if,所以had提前。故选B项。【点睛】本句考查if对过去事实相反的
假设,省略了if,所以had提前。if在虚拟语气三种情况:(1)对过去事实相反:从句haddone,主句would/could/might+havedone(2)对现在事实相反:从句did/were,主句would/could/might+do(3)对将来事实相反:
从句shoulddo/weretodo/did,主句would/could/might+do。6.Thecloththatsheboughtlooks______,feels______andsells_______.A.beautiful;soft;wel
lB.beauty;softly;wellC.beautifully;softly;goodD.beautiful;soft;good【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查形容词和副词。句意:她买的布看起来很漂亮,摸起来很柔软,销路很好。A.beautiful;soft;well漂亮
的;柔软的;很好地;B.beauty;softly;well美貌;柔和地;很好地;C.beautifully;softly;good漂亮地;柔和地;好的;D.beautiful;soft;good漂亮
的;柔和的;好的。根据looks和feels是系动词,后接形容词表语;sells是动词,要用副词修饰动词,well是副词。故选A项。7.Iwascaughtinatrafficjamforoveranhour,otherwiseI
_________youwaitingforsuchalongtime.A.willnotkeepB.havenotkeptC.hadnotkeptD.wouldnothavekept【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:我
遇到堵车长达一个多小时,否则我不会让你等这么久的。Otherwise“否则”是解题的关键,相当于虚拟语气的从句“如果不堵车”,那“我就不会让你等”考查的是主句。从was可以判定出与过去相反,主句要用wouldhavedone,表示否定用wouldnothaveke
pt。综上,D选项正确。8.Thosewhocontinuouslyacquirenewknowledgethattheycan________theirworkaremorelikelytosucceed.A.contributetoB.correspondtoC.subscribetoD
.applyto【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:那些不断获得新知识并能应用到工作中的人更有可能成功。A.contributeto有助于,贡献;B.correspondto相当于…,符合于…;C.subscribeto预计,同意;D.applyto适用于,应用于。t
hat引导定语从句,修饰knowledge;根据theirworkaremorelikelytosucceed可知是能应用到工作的。故选D项。9.Thesalesmansoldmethecaratalowerpriceandaddedsomefancygifts_____.A.for
exampleB.forsaleC.forgoodmeasureD.foronething【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:那个销售员以较低的价格卖给我这辆车,还奉送了一些精美的礼品。A.forexample例如
;B.forsale出售;C.forgoodmeasure作为额外增添,另外,作为外加的东西;D.foronething一方面。根据语境判断,C选项正确。10.Thebelief,asisacommonlyacceptedsaying___________practicem
akesperfectfailstoworkwondersifrepeatedwithoutaction.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where【答案】C【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:信念,正如人们普遍接受的谚语“熟能生巧”一样,如果不采取行动就不能创造奇迹。as引导定语从
句修饰belief,空格后的从句是在解释belief的内容,这是同位语从句,从句成分完整,that在从句中只起连接作用,不作成分,不能省略;综上,C选项正确。11.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.A.becausehismotherisill
B.becauseofhismother’sbeingillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查表语从句。句意:他没有来的原因是他妈妈生病了。thereasonwhy…isthat…,that引导表语从句,
在句中起连接作用,不充当任何成分,也没有任何意思。故选C项。【点睛】定语从句的关键是分析句子成分,如果句子很完整就使用关系副词。如果句子中缺少主语,宾语,表语或者定语就使用关系代词。表语从句的重点是连
接词的用法辨析,that引导表语从句,在句中起连接作用,不充当任何成分,也没有任何意思。What要在句中做主语,宾语,表语等成分。12.SpeakinginaninspectioninYunnanProvince,XiJinpingsaidauthoritiesmust______povert
yremovaleffortstosupportthebuildingofarichandsuccessfulcountry.A.participateB.allocateC.appreciateD.accelerate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:在云南省的一次视察中,习近平讲话说当局
一定要加快脱贫步伐来支持国家奔小康的建设。A.participate参加;B.allocate分配;C.appreciate感激,鉴赏;D.accelerate加快。根据语境判断,D选项正确。13.Pleasedon't________thesedetailstoanyoneelse.Ju
stkeepthemtoyourself.A.giveoutB.letoutC.pointoutD.putout【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:请不要把这些细节泄露给任何人。你自己知道就行了。A.gi
veout公布,分发;B.letout泄露,放出;C.pointout指出,指明;D.putout出版,熄灭,伸出。根据Justkeepthemtoyourself.可知此处是泄露之意。故选B项。14.ItwasnotuntilIwascho
senmonitoroftheclass________torealizetheimportanceofteamwork.A.didIcomeB.hadIcome.C.whenIcameD.thatIcame【答案】
D【解析】【详解】考查强调句型。句意:直到被选为班长,我才意识到团队合作的重要性。强调句型:Itis/was+强调部分+that(若强调部分指人也可用who)+其他。根据句意可知选D。【点睛】使用强调句型的几个注意事项1.被强调成分是主语,who/that
之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持一致。ItisIwhoamright.Itishewhoiswrong.Itisthestudentswhoarelovely.2.即使被强调成分是句子中的时间状语,地点状语,原因状语等,也不能用when,where,beca
use,要用that.Itwasbecauseoftheheavyrainthathecamelate.是因为大雨他迟到了。3.如果被强调的成分有同位语,同位语也应提前。Itwasfromhim,hischemistryteacher,thatPau
llearnedtowatchcarefullyinclass.4.被强调成分是作主语的代词,用主格,是作宾语的代词,用宾格。Itwashethathelpedmeyesterday.Itwasmethathehe
lpedyesterday.5.被强调部分既包括人又包括物,用that不用who。ltwasthethingsandpeoplethattheyrememberedthattheyweretalkingabout.6.Itis/was+notuntil---+that+其他。温
馨提示ItwasthreeyearsagothathewenttoAmericanforafurtherstudy去掉Itwasthat句子为ThreeyearsagohewenttoAmericaforafurtherst
udy.句子通顺,意思完整,那么,这就是一个强调句型。15.Picassoexperimentedwithdifferentstylesofpainting,butwasmostfamousforhisworkinCubism,_____
___oftenusesacuteanglesand_______theworldisrepresentedasbeingconstructedofcubesandrectangles.A.what;whereB.whic
h;whereC.which;whichD.that;which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意:毕加索尝试了不同的绘画风格,但最著名的是立体画作品。立体画作品中经常使用锐角并且世界是由立方体和长方形构成的。hiswork(他的作品)是先行词,在第一个非限制性定
语从句中作主语,故用which;第二个定语从句成分完整,先行词hiswork在第二个定语从句中作地点状语,故B选项正确。16.CableTVbeganin1948intheUSA,butittook50years_____
___66percentofAmericanhouseholdshadit.A.beforeB.whenC.afterD.until【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查连词。句意:有线电视起源于1948年的美国,但直到50年后才有66%的美国家庭拥有有线电视。A.b
efore多久……才;B.when当……时候;C.after之后;D.until直到。故选A。17.Don’tleavethewater_______whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun【答案】
B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当你在刷牙的时候,不要一直让水流着。leavesb/sthdoing让某人/某物一直不停地做某事,leave使…处于某种状态。宾语water与run之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故B正确。【点睛】本题的
leave指“使…处于某种状态”;在高中的学习近平时要多积累固定搭配的用法,考试时只能凭借记忆力来答题,尤其是单项选择很难推出某个搭配的意思,所以平时的积累记忆是尤其重要的。18.Yourparentsseemverymuchopposed________abroad.Whatwillyoudo
aboutit?A.yourgoingB.youtogoC.toyourgoingD.yourtogo【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:你的父母似乎非常反对你出国。你会怎么做?固定短语opposedto反对,to是介词,后接名词做宾语。故选C项。19.When
thestudentwantedtohaveago,theteachergavehimanodof________.A.supportB.promiseC.approvalD.suggestion【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:当那个学生想试一试时,老师点头
表示同意。A.support支持;B.promise承诺;C.approval批准,认可;D.suggestion建议。名词approval有获得批准、同意之意,anodofapproval点头同意。故选C项。20.________snacksanddrinks,but
theyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.A.NotonlytheybroughtB.NotonlydidtheybringC.Notonlyb
roughttheyD.Notonlytheydidbring【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查倒装。句意:他们不仅带来了零食和饮料,而且当他们在森林里野餐时,他们还带来了扑克作为娱乐。否定短语notonly放在句首,从句要用部分倒装。故选B。【点睛】部分倒装即只把
谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前,或把句子的强调成分提前。Nordidheletthediseasestophimfromlivingthekindoflifehehasalwaysdreamtabout(疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活)1
)以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法:例:NotuntilyesterdaydidlittleJohnchangehismind.(小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。)Innoc
ountryotherthanBritain,ithadbeensaid,canoneexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofasingleday.(据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化)2)以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒
装。这些否定副词有barely,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely……when,never,nosooner……than,rarely,nomore,notnearly,notonly等以及only。Onlyinth
ecountrycanyoulearnthe“trueEnglish”.3)一些如scarcely……when,nosooner……than,hardly……when引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。注意:在部分倒装句中,只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词tobe可以置于主语之前,其它部分都要
置于主语之后。本题把否定词notonly放在了句首,后面使用部分倒装的形式。AD项没有部分倒装,C项使用了全部倒装。故B正确。第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C
和D)中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThedangersofsittingalldayareobvious.Researchershaveshownthatremainingsittingforextendedpe
riodsoftime(likeatyour9-to-5deskjob)candoharmtoyourhealth.Whileexerciseisabigpartofreducingtheharmfuleffectsofsitting,itwa
sunclearhowmanygymperiodswereneededtohelp–untilnow.Anewstudy,publishedinTheLancet,showstheidealformulaforreducing
thenegativeeffectsofasedentary(久坐的)job.Insteadofafixednumberofhoursspentexercising,theratio(比率)dependsonhowm
uchyousit:peoplewhoworkatypicaleight-hourdayshouldspendatleastonehoureachdaymoving.Ifyousitsixhoursaday,youshouldspendhalfanhourexercising.Theresea
rchalsoindicatesthattheexercisedoesn’thavetobeallonce–orrigorous(严格的).Itcanbespreadthroughoutthedayandbeassimpleasw
alking.Theteambehindthestudyanalyzeddatafromapoolofamillionadultsovertheageof45inWesternEurope,theUnitedStates
,andAustralia.Usingpreviousdata,theresearchesexamineddatafrom16publishedstudiesandusedittodeterminehowmuchexerciseisrequiredtocompensateforsitt
ing.Theirrecommendeddailyexercisegoalishigherthanpreviousadvicebutnotnecessarilylessachievable,givenitcanbecompletedthroughouttheday.Fittinginanh
ourofexerciseadaysoundsespeciallydiscouragingifyouhaveadeskjob,butthereareplentyofworkoutsyoucancompletebeforeandafterwork
.Evenifitmeanstakinga10-minutewalkduringlunch,yourbodywillthankyouinthelongrun.21.Theunderlinedwords“compensatefor”ca
nbebestreplacedby________.A.makeupforB.breakawayfromC.giveupD.taketheplaceof22.Accordingtothenewstudy,goodnewsforthepeopleworkin
glonghoursatdeskisthat________.A.workoutsmayreducetheharmofsittingforlongB.theharmofsittingforlonghasbeenprovedC.theydon’thavetoexercise
aslongassuggestedpreviouslyD.thetimespentonexerciseisflexible23.Whatcanbeinferredfromthearticle?A.Thebestformofworkoutsiswalking.B.Thelongeryouexerci
se,thebetter.C.Thenewexercisegoalispracticalthoughhigher.D.Adeskjobmakesitimpossibletoexerciseregularly.24.Thesecondparag
raphisdevelopedmainly________.A.byexampleB.byprocessC.bycomparisonD.bycontrast【答案】21.A22.D23.C24.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。久坐对健康有害,但我们可以利用一切
可以利用的空闲时间运动来进行补偿。【21题详解】猜测词义题。此处指利用之前的数据,研究人员研究了16项已发表的研究数据,并利用它来确定需要多少运动来补偿久坐。“compensatefor”指补偿,弥补,与makeupfor同义,故选A.【22题详解】推理
判断题。根据第二段Theresearchalsoindicatesthattheexercisedoesn’thavetobeallonce–orrigorous(严格的).Itcanbespreadthroughouttheday
andbeassimpleaswalking.和第三段Theirrecommendeddailyexercisegoalishigherthanpreviousadvicebutnotnecessarilylessachievable,givenitcanbecom
pletedthroughouttheday.可知对久坐的人来说,运动要求并不严格,可以在一天完成。由此可见时间比较灵活,故选D.【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段Theirrecommendeddailyexer
cisegoalishigherthanpreviousadvicebutnotnecessarilylessachievable,givenitcanbecompletedthroughouttheday.可知他们建议的每日锻炼目标比以前要高,但也能实现。故选C.【24题详解
】推理判断题。第二段首句Anewstudy,publishedinTheLancet,showstheidealformulaforreducingthenegativeeffectsofasedentary(久坐的)job.和
下面的具体数据是用例子来说明这项新研究的内容,所以本段是用了举例的方法,故选A.【点睛】词义猜测题要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。我们要特别注意熟词生义,切不可脱离语境主观臆断。下
面结合文本及近几年高考试题,对词义猜测的技巧加以解读。1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语,下面接着出现其定义或解释,这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如:Itwillbeveryhardbutalsovery
brittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.从后面thatis(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。小题1此处指利用之前的数据,研究人员研究了16项已发表的研究数据,并利用它来确定需要多少运动来补偿久坐。“com
pensatefor”指补偿,弥补,与makeupfor同义。2.根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语,对前面的词进行解释,这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如:The“Chunnel”,atunnel(隧道)
connectingEnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.此句中atunnelconnectingEnglandandFrance是Chunnel的同位语。因此,The“Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道
。3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测。在英语中,有很多词可以在前面加前缀,在后面加后缀,从而构成一个词,乍看起来,这个词可能是新词,但掌握了一定的构词知识,就不难猜出它的词义。例如:“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10,”Anacleriosai
d,“andthey’reveryinteractiveandcreativeinthattheybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject.”文中interactive是由前缀inter-
(相互的)和active(活动的,活跃的)而构成的,同时根据上下文的意思可以判断,该词的含义应是“互动的”。4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词,如but,however,otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义
上的差别,从而依据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义。另外,分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如:Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabaske
toffun.从前后两句的意思可以看出,hassle和abasketoffun肯定是近乎相反的意义。所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难,麻烦”。BChildrenandYouthSidewalkSaleYoungpeopleareburstingwithartisticenergy.The
ChildrenandYouthSidewalkSale(CYSS)oftheCentralPennsylvaniaFestivaloftheArtsisafunwayforboysandgirlstoe
xpressthemselvesvisually.Itfocusesonencouragingthecreativegrowthofyoungpeople,believingtheycandeveloptheirartisticp
otentialthroughpersonalexpressioninindividualoriginalobjects.CYSSisahighlightofChildrenandYouthDay,Wednesday,
July12,2018.Thisdayfeaturesperformancesforandbyyoungpeople,artandcraftworkshopsanddemonstrations.Allartistsmusthebetweentheagesof8
and18andliveorhaverelativeslivinginanyofthecentrallylocatedPennsylvaniacountiestoparticipate.Allartworksm
ustbeoriginalandage-appropriatefortheevent’saudience,mostofwhomareunder18.Thesalesofworkmadefromsmallanimalsandthesalesoffooda
reprohibited.Acompletelistingoftherulescanbefoundintheapplication.Pleasereviewtherulescarefullyastheymayh
avechangedsinceyoulastparticipatedintheevent.Artistsmustpersonallybepresentduringtheentireclay.Represent
atives,includingfamilymembers,maynotattendinplaceoftheartist.HowtoEnter1.Completebothsidesoftheentryf
orm.Aparentsignatureisrequired.2.Onaseparatesheet,provideabriefdescriptionoftheartworkandthematerialsused.Donotsendsamples;theycannotbereturn
ed.3.Encloseatleastonephotographofyourwork.4.MailapplicationandphotoofyourworktoP.O.Box1023,CentralPennsylvaniaFestivaloftheArts.25.Wh
at’stheaimofCYSS?A.Toteachyoungpeopletodeveloptheirinterestinarts.B.Tohelpyoungpeoplegetsomeextramon
eyfortheirwork.C.Togetyoungpeopletodeveloptheirartisticpotential.D.Toimprovetheperformingskillsofyoungpeopl
e.26.What’sthefeatureofChildrenandYouthDay?A.Alltheartworksareoriginalandproperforyoungpeople.B.Mostoftheartworksarefocusedonanima
lprotection.C.TheparticipantsmustberesidentsofcentralPennsylvania.D.Thesalesofartworksaboutanimalsarenotallowed.27.Whichofthefollowingis
requiredforapplication?A.Asampleoftheapplicant’sartwork.B.Areturnenvelopewithstampsonit.C.Detaileddes
criptionoftheartwork.D.Thesignatureoftheapplicant’sparent.【答案】25.C26.A27.D【解析】本文主要介绍了为了帮助年轻人开发他们的艺术潜能,举办了CYSS活动,并且说明了参加此次活
动的要求。【25题详解】细节理解题。由Itfocusesonencouragingthecreativegrowthofyoungpeople,believingtheycandeveloptheirartisticpotentialthroughperson
alexpressioninindividualoriginalobjects.可知CYSS的目的是帮助年轻人开发他们的艺术潜能,选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。由Allartworksmustbeoriginalandage-appropriateforthee
vent’saudience,mostofwhomareunder18.可知儿童和青年日的特色是所有的作品都是别出心裁,并且适合年轻人,选A。【27题详解】细节理解题。由Completebothsidesoftheentryform
.Aparentsignatureisrequired.可知申请时,需要申请人的父母签名,选D。【点睛】直接信息题,对于此类题型,考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词,然后以此为线索,运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中
迅速寻找这一细节,找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍,仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别,在准确理解细节的前提下,最后确定最佳答案。例如:小题1细节理解题。由Itfocusesonencouragingthecreativegro
wthofyoungpeople,believingtheycandeveloptheirartisticpotentialthroughpersonalexpressioninindividualoriginalobjects.可知CYSS的目的是帮助年轻人开发他们的艺术
潜能,选C。C“OneofthereasonIfindthistopicveryinterestingisbecausemymomwasasmokerwhenIwasyounger,”saysLindson-Hawley,whostudiestobaccoandhealthattheUniv
ersityofOxford.Bystudyingabout700adultsmokers,shefoundoutthatmomquittherightway-bystoppingabruptlyandcomplete
ly.InherStudy,participantswererandomly(随机地)assignedtotwogroups.Onehadtoquitabruptlyonagivenday,goingfromaboutapackadaytozer
o.Theothercutdowngraduallyoverthecourseoftwoweeks.Peopleinbothgroupsusednicotinereplacement,likegumors
pray.Theyalsohadtalktherapy(疗法)withanursebeforeandafterquitday.Sixmonthslater,morepeoplewhohadquitabruptlyhadstuckwithi
t--morethanone-fifthofthem,comparedtoaboutone-seventhintheothergroup.Althoughthesenumbersappearlow,itismuchhigherthanifpeopletrywithoutsupport.A
ndthequitrateswereparticularlyconvincinggiventhatbeforethestudystarted,mostofthepeoplehadsaidthey’drathercutdowngraduallybeforequitting.“Ifyou’retr
ainingforamarathon,youwouldn’texpecttoturnupandjustbeabletorunit.AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink,‘Well,if
Igraduallyreduce,it’slikepractice,’”saysLindson-Hawley.Butthatwasn’tthecase.Insteadofgivingpeoplepractice,thegrad
ualreductionlikelygavethemaddictionandwithdrawalsymptoms(脱瘾症状)beforetheyevenreachedtheday,whichcouldbewhyfewerpeopleinthatgroupactuallymadeittot
hatpoint.“Regardlessofyourstatedpreference,ifyou’rereadytoquit,quittingabruptlyismoreeffective,”saysDr.Gabriela
Ferreira.“Whenyoucanquoteaspecificnumberlikeafifthofthepatientswereabletoquit,that’sacceptable.Itgivesthemtheencouragement,Ith
ink,toreallygoforit,”Ferreirasays.Peoplerarelymanagetoquitthefirsttimetheytry.Butatleast,shesays,theycanm
aximizetheoddsofsuccess.28.WhatdoseLindson-Hawleysayabouthermother?A.Shequitsmokingwithherdaughter’shelpB.Shewasalsoaresearc
heroftobaccoandhealthC.ShestudiedthesmokingpatternsofadultsmokersD.Shesucceededinquittingsmokingabruptly29.Whatkindofsupportdidsmokersrecei
vetoquitsmokinginLindson-Hawley’sstudy?A.TheyweregivenphysicaltrainingB.TheywereofferednicotinereplacementC.Theywereencouraged
bypsychologistD.Theywerelookedafterbyphysicians30.HowdoesDr.GabrielaFerreiraviewtheresultofLindson-Hawley’sexperiment?A.Itisenco
uragingB.ItisunexpectedC.ItisimpracticalD.Itismisleading31.Taketheideaof“amarathon”(Para.5)asanexampletoshowthatquittin
gsmoking.A.issomethingfewcanaccomplishB.requiresalotofpatienceC.needssomepracticefirstD.isachallengeattheb
eginning【答案】28.D29.B30.A31.C【解析】牛津大学的Lindson-Hawley的母亲曾经是一位吸烟者,因此他现在研究这一课题。通过研究700名成年的吸烟者,她发现逐步戒烟有可能会更能使人
上瘾甚至出现脱瘾症状。而突然戒烟更有效。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的信息可得出Lindson-Hawley的母亲曾经是一位吸烟者,第二段中她发现她的母亲有效地戒烟了,而且戒地很突然、很彻底。A、B、C
选项在文中都没有提及,属于无中生有选项。故选D。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第四、五句话,提到两组志愿者在戒烟前除了使用nicotinereplacement(尼古丁替代疗法)之外,还使用nic
otinepatches尼古丁贴片(一种戒烟贴)。他们还在戒烟前后接受护士的talktherapy(谈话治疗)。结合定位信息及四个选项的意思,故选B。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文中第五段后半部分Dr.Gab
rielaFerreira的引语部分,其中她提到“Itgivesthemtheencouragement,Ithink,toreallygoforit.”得知Dr.GabrielaFerreira认为Lindson-Hawley
的研究结果令人鼓舞,故选A。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段第2行以及上下文,可确定本题在文中的定位信息处为“AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink
,‘well,ifIgraduallyreduce,it’slikepractice’.”由此可以得知这些人的观点是逐步戒烟首先需要一些练习,A、B、D选项在文中都没有提及,属于无中生有选项。故选C。【点睛】4.C【解
题剖析】此题属于推理判断题中的(4)根据事实细节,推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,作出一定判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,也可是某几句话,但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据,既不能做出
在原文中找不到文字根据的推理,也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说,要做到判断有据,推论有理,忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意,切忌片面思考,得出片面结论。答案需要从文章的第五段第2行以及上下文,AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingas
well.Theythink,‘well,ifIgraduallyreduce,it’slikepractice’进行推断。【答案定位】根据第五段第2行以及上下文,可确定本题在文中的定位信息处为“AndIthinkpe
opleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink,‘well,ifIgraduallyreduce,it’slikepractice’.”由此可以得知这些人的观点是逐步戒烟首先需要一些练习,【推理关系】题干Taketheideaof“amara
thon”(Para.5)asanexampletoshowthatquittingsmoking.☞文章内容AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theyth
ink,‘well,ifIgraduallyreduce,it’slikepractice’.”【答案】ifIgraduallyreduce,it’slikepractice’☞C选项needssomepracticefi
rstDThatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundingsisaphenomenonknownasthe4Tirst-nighf,ef
fect.Ifapersonstaysinthesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiandhercolleaguesatBrownUniversitysetouttoinvestigat
etheoriginsofthiseffect.Dr.Sasakiknewthefirst-nighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodowithhowhumansevolved.Thepuzzlewaswhatbenefi
twouldbegainedfromitwhenperformancemightbeaffectedthefollowingday.Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsan
ddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators(捕食者).Thisledhertowond
erifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.Totakeacloserlook,herteamstudied35healthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentoftheuniversity’sDepartmentofP
sychologicalSciences.Theparticipantseachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredwithtechniquesthatlookedatt
heactivityoftheirbrains.Dr.Sasakifound,asexpected,theparticipantssleptlesswellontheirfirstnightthantheydidontheirsecond
,takingmorethantwiceaslongtofallasleepandsleepinglessoverall.Duringdeepsleep,theparticipants’brainsb
ehavedinasimilarmannerseeninbirdsanddolphins.Onthefirstnightonly,thelefthemispheres(半球)oftheirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyast
heirrighthemispheresdid.Curiousifthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaketoprocessinformationdetectedinthesurroundingen
vironment,Dr.Sasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鸣声)ofthesametoneandirregula
rbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenight.Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwo
uldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.32.Whatd
owelearnaboutDr.YukaSasakidoingherresearch?A.Shefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileasleep.B.Shefoundbirdsanddolphinssleepinmuchthesameway.C.S
hegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphinsD.Sheconductedstudiesonbirds’anddolphins’sleepingpatterns.
33.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenshefirstdidherexperiment?A.Shemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanewenvironment.B.Sherecruited(招募)35pa
rticipantsfromherDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.C.Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipants’brains.
D.Shetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumansubjects.34.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenre-runningherexperiment?A.Sheanalyzedthenegativeeffectofirregul
artonesonbrains.B.Sherecordedparticipants’adaptationtochangedenvironment.C.Sheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli(刺激物).D.Shecomparedt
heresponsesofdifferentparticipants.35.WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?A.Theytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.B.Theyt
endedtorecognizeirregularbeepsasathreat.C.Theyfeltsleepywhenexposedtoregularbeeps.D.Theydifferedintheirtoleranceo
firregulartones【答案】32.C33.A34.C35.B【解析】这篇文章的主题和睡眠环境有关,在一个陌生的环境里,人们睡在陌生的床上通常会无法入眠,心理学家们将这种现象称之为“初夜”效应。本文围绕着睡眠环境和研究者的调查内容与结论展开叙述。【32
题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestw
hileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators(捕食者).Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.Dr.YukaSasaki先前对鸟类和海豚的实验中发现动物在睡觉时左半侧大脑远没有右半侧大脑睡得深,这样
可以使它们在休息时保持对捕食者的警惕,表明动物的大脑活动是不对称的,Sasaki好奇人类情况是否类似。可以得知对人类睡眠实验的想法来源于之前对鸟和海豚做的实验。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。该题定位句是最后一段“Dr.
Sasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鸣声)ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferent
toneduringthenight.”。这句话提到Sasaki博士重新进行了一次实验,他让睡眠中的参加者听了两种声音,分别是“mixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鸣声)ofthesametone”(定时响起音调不变的嘀声)和“irregularbeepsofadif
ferenttone”(随机响起音调各异的嘀声)。故选A。【34题详解】细节理解题。该题定位句是最后一段“Dr.Sasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleeping
participantswithamixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鸣声)ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthe
night.”。这句话提到Sasaki博士重新进行了一次实验,他让睡眠中的参加者听了两种声音,分别是“mixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鸣声)ofthesametone”(定时响起音调不变的嘀声)和“irreg
ularbeepsofadifferenttone”(随机响起音调各异的嘀声)。故选C。【35题详解】细节理解题。该题定位句是最后一段Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingalerttokeepg
uardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispre
ciselywhatshefound.。得知Sasaki博士在实验中发现当人们在陌生环境中睡觉时,左半侧大脑保持清醒以警惕陌生环境,对随机发出的嘀声有所反应将人们从睡眠中叫醒,并且同时会忽略定时发出的嘀嘀声。可以推断出人们会把随机发出的嘀声视作一个威胁。故选B。第二节(共5小题
,每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。ManyofusarehardwiredNOTtoaskforhelp.Wethinkitma
kesusappearweak.Wethinkpeoplewillsayno.wethinkwehavetodoeverythingourselves.___36___.Wehavetogetoverthat,andthere
’show:GetoveryourselfNoone—andImeanNOONE----gotanywherealone.Youcannotandshouldnotdoeverythingyourself.Youarenot,infact,alwaysthe
bestpersonforthejob,orthe“only”personwhocandoit.askingforhelpissignofstrength,notweakness.Askingforhelpclearsspaceforyouandfreesy
ourtimeandenergy.___37___.RebuildyourthinkingRebuildwhatitmeanstoaskforhelpfrom“Iamaweak,incompetentloser”to“Iamstrategic
allyallocatingmytimetofocusonwhatmattersmost.”Don’tfocusonthefactthatyoucan’tdosomethingordon’thavethetime.___38___.It’sach
ancetoconnect,achancetovalueacolleague,achancetogetsomethingdonefasterorbetter,achancetooptimizeyourowntimeandtalents.___39_
__Askingforhelpisabouttappingvaluableresourcestogetthebestoutcomethemostquicklywiththefewestresourcesexpended.That’safanc
ywayofsaying“gettherightpeopleforthejob.”___40___.Andthebestwaytodothatistoknowyourcolleagues,andproactivelybuildre
lationships.A.Knowyourcolleagues.B.Thinkaboutyourcolleagues.C.Yourenergycan’tbewasted.D.It’sasmartstrategy.E.It’sallaboutbuildingthe
rightteam.F.Instead,thinkaboutwhatyouwillgainfromtheask.G.Whateverthereason,wedon’taskforthehelpweneed.【答案】36.G37.D38.F39.A4
0.E【解析】这篇短文介绍很多人天生不爱寻求帮助,我们应该学会克服这一点,不要自以为是,重建想法,了解同事,积极地建立关系。【36题详解】考查上下文推理判断能力。根据本段介绍人们天生不喜欢求助,G项意思是:不管什么原因,我们都不需要我们需要的帮助。符合本
段意思,承接上文。故选G.【37题详解】考查上下文推理判断能力。本段标题是“别自以为是”,并且本段介绍寻求帮助是力量的标志,而不是软弱。D项意思是:这是一个聪明的策略。D项作为本段最后一句,符合语境,承接上文。故选D.【38题详解】考查上下文推理判断能力。根据上句意思,不要把注意力集中
在你不能做某件事或者没有时间的事实上,并根据下文“这是一个联系的机会,一个机会去评价一个同事,一个更快或更好地完成某件事的机会,一个机会来优化你自己的时间和才能。”可知,该处要和上句意思是转折关系。F项意思是:相反,想想从这个问题中你会得到什么。符合语境。故选F.【39题详解】考查上下文推理判
断能力。根据本段最后一句“Andthebestwaytodothatistoknowyourcolleagues,andproactivelybuildrelationships.”可知这一段是关于了解同事,建立关系。A项意思:了解你的同事。符合语境,作为本段的标
题最合适。故选A.【40题详解】考查上下文推理判断能力。本段主题是了解同事,并且上文是说寻求帮助就是利用宝贵的资源,找合适的人做这份工作。E项意思是:这一切都是为了建立一个正确的团队。承接上文,符合语境。故选E.第三部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分30)第一节完形
填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ForTheFlyingClassroom’ssecondproject,11ofusfromTehranwenttoTokhme-
Baloot,aruralvillageinIlam,oneofthepoorestprovincesinthecountry.___41___bythegovernment,Ilamhasahighrateofunemploy
ment,___42___anddruguse.Peoplethereusedtomaketheirlivingbyfarming,butnowthiswayoflifeis___43___byconstantfamine(饥荒).Thesituatio
nforchildrenthereis___44___.Boyswhodon’tdowellinschoolmuststartworkaftereighthgradeandgirlswhodon’tdowellinschool
stayathomedoing___45___orgetmarried.Becauseourresearchbeforethetripmadeusbelievetherewerelarge___46___aroundthevillage,wepla
nnedourprojectconceptaroundoak(橡树)treesandsquirrelstomakethechildren___47___thebeautyoftheenvironment.___48___,whenw
earrivedatthevillage,wesawthattherewereonlyflat,___49___grassfields.Tokhme-Balootwasfarless___50___thanwehadexpected.Thevillagehadonly
gottengasandelectricityfouryearsearlier,anditwassometimes___51___inthewinter.Afterwesawthevillageandthesurroundingarea,thebestconceptfortheprojectt
hatwecouldthinkoffocusedontherespectfor___52___.Webeganworkingwiththestudents.Childrenstarted___53___theschoolequipmentinbrightcolor
s.MycolleagueZoyaandIcutadeadbranchintopiecesandpaintedittorecreateatreeinsidetheschool,asasymbolofnature__
_54___bychildren,andonitwehungthesquirrelsandcranes.Welefttheschoolinbrightcolorswithobjectsto___55___thec
hildren’simaginations.Projectslikeoursareviewed___56___byIran’sgovernment,andduringourtripwewere___57__
_twice,oncebythearmyandoncebyBasij,aparamilitary(准军事的)militia(民兵组织).Theycametotheschoolandtalkedtoourgroup’sfoundera
bouttheproject,questioninghimaboutis___58___,whosupportedit,whoourmemberswere,etc.Afterthetip,we___59___thatTheFlyingClassroommightbes
topped,but___60___,itwasn’t.41.A.SupportedB.IgnoredC.CheatedD.Valued42.A.povertyB.influenceC.developmentD.inc
rease43.A.usedB.coveredC.threatenedD.enjoyed44.A.hopefulB.poorC.wonderfulD.strange45.A.homeworkB.cookingC.choresD.washing46.A.companiesB.facto
riesC.forestsD.markets47.A.destroyB.appreciateC.forgetD.decide48.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.BesidesD.Instead49.A.falseB.dustyC.poisonousD.rare50.A.devel
opedB.visitedC.knownD.polluted51.A.benefitedB.producedC.burnedD.interrupted52.A.warB.natureC.loveD.god53.A
.dreamingB.stealingC.paintingD.borrowing54.A.praisedB.writtenC.createdD.saved55.A.limitB.inspireC.shareD.check56.A.skepticall
yB.naturallyC.wonderfullyD.secretly57.A.sentencedB.killedC.interviewedD.rescued58.A.purposeB.resultC.incomeD.success59.A.hopedB.concludedC.pretendedD
.feared60.A.secondlyB.fortunatelyC.unluckilyD.gradually【答案】41.B42.A43.C44.B45.C46.C47.B48.A49.B50.A51.D52.B53.C54.D55.B56.A
57.C58.A59.D60.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。为了TheFlyingClassroom的第二个项目,我们从Tehran来到Tokhme-Baloot,在Ilam的一个偏远的村子。Ilam被政府忽视,在这里它有一个高的失业率、贫困和吸毒
。旅行之后我们唯恐TheFlyingClassroom可能被停止,但是很幸运,它没有。【41题详解】考查动词。句意:Ilam被政府忽视,在这里它有一个高的失业率、贫困和吸毒。A.Supported支持;B.Ignored忽视;C.Cheated欺骗;D.Valued珍惜。这里指由于政府忽视管理。
故选B。【42题详解】考查名词。句意:Ilam被政府忽视,在这里它有一个高的失业率、贫困和吸毒。A.poverty贫穷;B.influence影响;C.development发展;D.increase增长。失业必然导致贫穷。故选A。【43题详解】考查动词。句意:那里的人们过去靠农业谋
生,但是现在这种生活方式被连续不断的饥荒所威胁。A.used使用;B.covered覆盖;C.threatened威胁;D.enjoyed喜爱。故选C。【44题详解】考查形容词。句意:对那里的孩子来说情况就是可怜。A.hopeful有希望的;B.poor可怜的,贫穷的;C.wonderfu
l极好的;D.strange奇怪的。根据下文可知,孩子们是可怜的。故选B。【45题详解】考查名词。句意:学业不好的男孩八年级之后一定开始工作,学业不好的女孩留在家里做零活或结婚。A.homework家庭作业;B.cooking做饭;C.chores零工;D.washi
ng洗涤。故选C。【46题详解】考查名词。句意:因为我们旅行前的研究使我们相信有大片的森林,为了使孩子们欣赏到环境的美,我们在橡树和松鼠周围规划了我们的项目理念。A.companies公司;B.factories工厂;C.forests森林;D.markets市
场。根据weplannedourprojectconceptaroundoak(橡树)trees可知,作者原以为这里会有大片的森林。故选C。【47题详解】考查动词。句意:为了使孩子们欣赏到环境的美,我们在橡树和松鼠周围规划了我们的项目理念。A.destroy毁掉;B.appreciate鉴赏;
C.forget忘记;D.decide决定。通过森林让孩子欣赏到环境的美。故选B。【48题详解】考查副词。句意:然而,当我们到达村子时,我们看到那里只有平地和落满灰尘的草。A.However然而;B.Therefore因此;C.Besides另外;D.Instead反而。根据上
下文可知,与作者之前想得不一样,所以用转折。故选A。【49题详解】考查形容词。句意:然而,当我们到达村子时,我们看到那里只有平地和落满灰尘的草。A.false错误的;B.dusty充满灰尘的;C.poisonous有毒的;D.ra
re罕见的。故选B。【50题详解】考查动词。句意:TokhmeBaloot是远远低于我们预料的发展。A.developed发展;B.visited访问;C.known知道;D.polluted污染。故选A
。【51题详解】考查动词。句意:这个村庄四年前才有了煤气和电,在冬天有时候就中断了。A.benefited有利于;B.produced生产;C.burned燃烧;D.interrupted打断。故选D。【52题详解】考查名词。句意:我们看到村子和周围的情况
,我们认为我们要专注于对大自然的尊重。A.war战争;B.nature自然;C.love爱;D.god上帝。故选B。【53题详解】考查动词。句意:孩子们开始用鲜艳的颜色粉刷学校的设备。A.dreaming梦想;B.stealing偷;C.p
ainting粉刷,绘画;D.borrowing借。这里指粉刷学校的设备。故选C。【54题详解】考查动词。句意:我的同事Zoya和我砍掉一个死树枝,把它弄成碎片,粉刷它,把它变成学校的一棵树,作为被孩子们挽救的大自然的一个象征符号。A.praised赞美;B.written写;C
.created创造;D.saved挽救,节约。故选D。【55题详解】考查动词。句意:我们把物品用鲜艳的颜色粉刷离开学校,激发孩子们的灵感。A.limit限制;B.inspire鼓舞;C.share分享;D.check核对。故选B。【56题详解】考查副词。句意:像我
们这样的项目被伊朗政府持怀疑态度。A.skeptically怀疑地;B.naturally自然地;C.wonderfully极好地;D.secretly秘密地。故选A。【57题详解】考查动词。句意:在旅游期间我们被会见两次。A.sentenced审判;B.killed杀死;C.intervie
wed会见,面试;D.rescued营救。故选C。【58题详解】考查名词。句意:他们来到学校,和我们小组的创始人谈了这个项目。询问的目的是,谁支持它,它的成员是谁。A.purpose目的;B.result结果;C.income收入;D.success成功。故选A。【59题详解】考查动词。
句意:旅行之后我们唯恐TheFlyingClassroom可能被停止,但是很幸运,它没有。A.hoped希望;B.concluded得出结论;C.pretended假装;D.feared害怕。故选D。
【60题详解】考查副词。句意:旅行之后我们唯恐TheFlyingClassroom可能被停止,但是很幸运,它没有。A.secondly第二;B.fortunately幸运地;C.unluckily不幸地;
D.gradually逐渐地。没有被停止,所以很幸运。故选B。【点睛】在做完形填空时一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/inaddition/what’smore等词汇、固定结
构的运用。它们连接了上下文,起着承上起下的作用。像but(但是)、however(然而),表示转折,这说明前后的内容相反或相对。把握住这一点,做起题来就会得心应手。本题第8小题,考查副词。A.However然而;B.Therefore因此;C.Besides另外;D.Instead
反而。然而,当我们到达村子时,我们看到那里只有平地和落满灰尘的草。故选A。第二节(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Thesedays,people____61____(do)manua
lworkoftenreceivefarmoremoney____62____clerkswhoworkinoffices.Peoplewhoworkinofficesarefrequently____63_
___(refer)toas'white-collarworkers'forthesimplereason____64____theyusuallywearacollarandtietogotowork.____65____ishumannature,thatagreat
manypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpay____66____theprivilegeofbecomingwhitecollarworkers.Thiscangiverisetocurious
situations,____67____itdidinthecaseofAlfredBloggswhoworkedasadustmanfortheEllesmereCorporation.Whenhegotmarried,Alfwast
oo____68____(embarrass)tosayanythingtohiswifeabouthisjob.He____69____(simple)toldherthatheworkedfortheCorporation.Everymorning,hel
efthome____70____(dress)inasmartblacksuit.【答案】61.doing62.than63.referred64.that65.Such66.for67.as68.embarrassed69.simply70.dressed【解析】【
分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今从事体力劳动的人通常比在办公室工作的职员收入高得多,许多人常常情愿牺牲较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的殊荣,还举例了在埃尔斯米尔公司当清洁工的艾尔弗雷德·布洛格斯。【61题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:如今,从事体力劳
动的人通常比在办公室工作的职员收入高得多。分析句子可知,peopledoingmanualwork是主语,此处people与do之间是主动关系,因此用非谓语动词的doing形式。故填doing。【62题详解】考查连词。句意
:如今,从事体力劳动的人通常比在办公室工作的职员收入高得多。根据句中比较级farmore可知此处要用连词than。故填than。【63题详解】考查过去分词。句意:在办公室工作的人经常被称为“白领工人”,原因很简单,他们通常穿着白衬衫,系着领带去上班。此处是谓语动词表示被动语态的一部分
,根据arefrequently可知此处要用动词的过去分词形式。refertosb./sth.as意为“将某人/某物称作/视为……”。故填referred。【64题详解】考查同位语从句的引导词。句意:在办公室工作的人经常被称为“白领工人”,原因很简单,他们
通常穿着白衬衫,系着领带去上班。此处是that引导的同位语从句,是reason的同位语。故填that。【65题详解】考查代词。句意:许多人常常情愿牺牲较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的殊荣,这是人之常情。such“
这样的事情”,在此指代后面that从句的内容。故填Such。【66题详解】考查介词。句意:许多人常常情愿牺牲较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的殊荣,这是人之常情。固定短语sacrificefor为……作出牺牲。故填for。【67题详解】考查连词。句意:这可能会引起一些奇怪的情况,就像在埃尔斯米
尔公司当清洁工的艾尔弗雷德·布洛格斯的情况一样。连词as“像,正如”,根据itdidinthecaseofAlfredBloggs可知此处用连词as引导方式状语从句。表示故填as。【68题详解】考查形容词。句意:艾尔弗结婚时,因为太难为
情了,所以对妻子只字不提他的工作。根据too可知此处要用形容词,且主语是Alf,用形容词-ed形式。故填embarrassed。【69题详解】考查副词。句意:只是告诉她他在那家公司工作。此处要用副词修饰动词told。故填simply。【70题详解】考查过去分词。句意:每天早上,他穿着漂亮的黑色西装
离开家。dressedin穿着,此处是过去分词作伴随状语,表示他出门时是穿着西装。故填dressed。【点睛】第8小题考查了形容词的用法。形容词有两类:一类是-ing形容词,常见的有interesting,surprising,relaxing,amazing,boring,movi
ng,disappointing,exciting;另一类是-ed形容词,常见的有interested,surprised,relaxed,amazed,bored,moved,disappointed,excited。现就
这两类形容词的用法比较如下:一、这两类形容词的含意不同:-ing形容词的含意为“令人…的”,着重点是“物”性,即一般情况下主语为物。-ed形容词的含意为“感到……的”,着重点是“人”性,即一般情况下主语为人。例如:1.
Thisfilmisinteresting.(主语为物)2.Myclassmatesareinterestedincollectingstamps.(主语为人)二、这两类形容词在句中的语法功能不同:-ing形容词在句中既可以作定语,也可以作表语。-ed形容词在句中
一般只能用作表语。例如:1.Thestoryisexciting.(作表语)2.Theexcitingnewscamefromthefront.(作定语)3.Shewasexcitedtoseesuchagoodmo
vie.(作表语)第三节单词拼写71.E________isaprocessofgradualchangethattakesplaceovermanygenerations,duringwhichspeciesofanimals,plant
s,orinsectsslowlychangesomeoftheirphysicalcharacteristics.72.Emileinventedarecordplayerthatuseddiscs
asa________totubes,sothemodernrecordplayerwasborn.73.Nomatterwhatc________,whenthephonerings,everythingstopssothatthecallcanbeanswered.7
4.Thecoursehasfourmainc________:businesslaw,finance,computingandmanagementskills.75.Thebeautifulislandisonlya________byboat.76.Gravityisanatural
p________(现象).77.Aneedleisusedforlettingliquidoutofbodypartswhichhad________(肿胀)up.78.Aspirinhasthe________(可
能性)toreducetheriskofheartattacks.79.Thismedicinehasproved________(有益的)tomankind,becauseithassavedmillionsofpeople’slives.80.Thekidneyplaysa________(
极其重要的)roleintheremovalofwasteproductsfromtheblood.【答案】71.Evolution72.alternatives73.circumstances74.compon
ents75.accessible76.phenomenon77.swollen78.potential79.beneficial80.vital【解析】【71题详解】考查名词。句意:进化是一个发生在许多代人身上的渐进变化的过程,在这个过程中,各种动物、植物或昆虫慢慢地改变了它
们的一些身体特征。根据aprocessofgradualchange可知此处表示的是进化,不可数名词evolution“进化,演变”符合题意。故填Evolution。【72题详解】考查名词。句意:埃米尔发明了一种用唱片代替电子管的唱机,于是现代唱机诞生了。根据sothemod
ernrecordplayerwasborn可知此处表示的是替代品,可数名词alternatives“替代品,可供选择的事物”符合题意。故填alternatives。【73题详解】考查名词。句意:无论在什么情况下,当电话响起时,一切都会停止,这样电话才能被
接听。根据Nomatterwhat可知此处表示的是情况,可数名词circumstances“情况”符合题意。故填circumstances。【74题详解】考查名词。句意:该课程包括四个主要部分:商业法、金融、计算机和管理技能。根据four可知此处表示的是部分,可数名词compo
nents“部分,零件”符合题意。故填components。【75题详解】考查形容词。句意:那座美丽的岛屿只有乘船才能到达。根据系动词is可知此处用形容词作表语,形容词accessible“接近的,可靠近的”符合题意。故填accessible。【76题详解】考查名词。句意:重力是一种自然现象。根据
形容词natural可知此处要用名词,不可数名词phenomenon“现象”符合题意。故填phenomenon。【77题详解】考查动词的过去分词。句意:针是用来让液体从肿胀的身体部位流出来的。根据had可知此处要用动词的过去分词形式,swollen“肿胀”符合题意。故
填swollen。【78题详解】考查名词。句意:阿司匹林有降低心脏病发作风险的可能性。根据冠词the可知此处要用名词,不可数名词potential“可能性,潜力”符合题意。故填potential。【79题详解】考查形容词。句意:这种药已证明对人类
有益,因为它挽救了数百万人的生命。根据hasproved可知此处要用形容词作表语,形容词beneficial“有益的”符合题意。故填beneficial。【80题详解】考查形容词。句意:肾脏在清除血液中的废物方面起着至关重要的作用。根据名词role
可知此处要用形容词修饰,形容词vital“极其重要的”符合题意,playavitalrolein起重要作用。故填vital。