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2021北京首师大附中高二（下）期末英语2021.6第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Themeasureofaman’sreal

characteriswhathewoulddoifheknewhewouldneverbefoundout.----ThomasMacaulayAboutthirtyyearsago,IwasstudyinginapublicschoolinNewYork.Oneday,MrsNanetteO

’Neillgaveamathstesttoourclass.Whenthepaperswere____1____shediscoveredthattwelveboyshadmadeexactlythesamemistakesthro

ughoutthetest.Thereisnothingreallynewabout____2____inexams.PerhapsthatwaswhyMrsO’Neilldidn’tevensayawordaboutit.Sheonlyaskedthetwelveboysto

____3____afterclass.Iwasoneofthetwelve.MrsO’Neillaskednoquestions,andshedidn’tscolduseither.Instead,shewroteontheblackboardthe____4____wordsbyThoma

sMacaulay.Shethenorderedustocopythesewordsintoourexercise-booksonehundredtimes.Idon’tknowabouttheotherelevenboys.Speakingf

ormyselfIcansayitwasthemostimportantsingle5ofmylife.ThirtyyearsafterbeingintroducedtoMacaulay’swords,they6seemtomethebestyardstick(准绳),becausetheygi

veusawaytomeasureourselvesratherthanothers.____7____ofusareaskedtomakegreatdecisionsaboutnationsgoin

gtowarorarmiesgoingtobattle.Butallofusarecalled____8____dailytomakeagreatmanypersonaldecisions.Shouldthewallet,foundinthestreet,beputintoapocketor

________9tothepoliceman?Shouldthe____10___changereceivedatthestorebeforgottenorreturned?Nobodywillknowexceptyou

.Butyouhavetolivewithyourself,anditisalwaysbettertolivewithsomeoneyourespect.1.A.completedB.examinedC.markedD.answered2.A.lyingB.cheatingC.discussi

ngD.guessing3.A.leaveB.apologizeC.comeD.remain4.A.aboveB.commonC.followingD.unusual5.A.lessonB.incidentC.chanceD.memory6.A

.stillB.evenC.alwaysD.almost7.A.AllB.FewC.SomeD.None8.A.upB.outC.forD.upon9.A.turnedupB.turnedonC.turnedbackD.turnedover10.A

.extraB.smallC.someD.necessary第二节语法填空（共10小题：每小题15分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AIstillrememberour

physicsteacher__11_____gaveusachallengethatinvolvedmakingapaperplaneofanyshape.Theonlyobjectivewastogetittoflyasfaraspossible.Stand

ingatthestartingline,oneofmyclassmatestookapieceofflatpaper,crumpled(把…捏成一团)itup,and12(throw)itdowntheway.Hebeattheclasswithease.Someofthestude

ntsgotmadandsaidthathecheated,butthephysicsteacher13(clear)explaineditcouldbeanyshapeandthatapaperballwasindeedashape.BAlibabaisn’ttheonlycompany

___14_________introduceshigh-techhotels.SmartLYZ,aShenzhen-basedcompanywhichfocusedondevelopingAItechnologyandsmarthotels,opened

thefirsteverfullyautomated(自动化的)hotelinChengdu,____15_____peopleconsidertobeoneofthebestplacestolive.Travelers

canbookaroomthroughSmartLYZ’sWeChatwebsite,checkinthroughafacialrecognitionmachine,unlockthedoorwitha______16_____

_(give)passcodeorthroughitsmobileappandfinally,checkoutbypressingabuttonontheapp.TheAISmartRoomwillundoubtedlybeextremelyattractiv

etoguests.CTheobjectivesofeducationcanbevarious.Oneis___17_____(gain)allkindsofknowledge,thatcangiveusinsightsintohowpeoplethinkandtherightattitudew

heninteractingwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.Thesecondistoprepareindividualsforawell-roundedlifeinsociety.Inotherwords,ithelpsindividuals

think________18______(depend),developcriticalthinkingskillsandactbasedonjudgment.Thirdly,educationhelpslearner

sunderstand___19_____thethingisrightorwrong,learn___20_______tointeractwithothers,behavewithintegrity,etc.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分

，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AUSATODAY10Best'sReadersChoiceAwardsarecurrentlyonhold.Weaskedourreaderstovoteforthetopeventsacros

ssixcategories:music,generalfood,specialtyfood,film,culturalandemergingindustries(foundedinthepastfiveyears).Theseare

someofthewinners:KutztownFolkFestivalThenine-dayKutztownFolkFestivalisthenation'soldestcontinuouslyoperatedfolkli

fefestival,drawingvisitorsfromaroundtheglobe.AcelebrationofPennsylvaniaDutchcultureandheritage,theeventincludesAmerica'slargestquiltsale,200craftsm

enandfolkartists,localfoodandfamilyfriendlyentertainment.WaterLanternFestivalTheWaterLanternFestivalisallaboutconnections.M

agicalnightsincitiesacrosstheUSincludefood,livemusicandthebeautyofthousandsoflanternsdecoratedwithlettersoflove,hopeanddreamsfloatingonthewate

r.CarnavalofQuebecTheQuebecCarnavalisa10-dayfestivalofwinter,theworld'slargest,completewithnightparades(庆祝游行）,iceskating

,snowsculpturesandatoweringicepalace.Otherhighlightsincludeicecanoeracing,asugarshackandiconicCariboudrinks.SanFranciscoChineseN

ewYearParadeSanFranciscohascelebrateditsChineseheritageduringitsannualChineseNewYearFestival&ParadesincejustaftertheGoldRush.Theparaderanksamongthebe

stintheworld,with100units,fancycostumes,fireworksanda268-footGoldenDragon,whichtakesateamof100menandwomentomarchthroughthestreets.Ithasbecom

eoneofthelargesteventsofitskindintheworld,drawingsomethreemillionspectatorsandtelevisionviewers.21.Whatcanyo

useeduringKutztownFolkFestival?A.Modernarts.B.Quiltsforsale.C.Traditionalweddings.D.Showsonstage.22.Whichfestivalismeanttopromoteinterperso

nalrelationships?A.KutztownFolkFestival.B.CarnavalofQuebec.C.WaterLanternFestival.D.SanFranciscoChineseNewYearParade.23.CarnavalofQueb

ecandSanFranciscoChineseNewYearParadeboth.A.includespecialfoodB.relatetoparadesC.takeplaceonlyatnightsD.havesculptureexhibitionsBF

ordecades,Americanshavebeensortingtheirtrashbelievingthatmostplasticcouldberecycled.Butthetruthistha

tthevastmajorityofallplasticproducedcan'tbeorwon'tberecycled.In40years,lessthan10%ofplastichasbeenrecycled.Ane

wsprogrammeFrontline,byNPRandthePBS,foundthatoilandgascompanies-themakersofplastic-haveknownthatallalong,evenastheys

pentmillionsofdollarstellingtheAmericanpublictheopposite.Theplasticsindustryofficialssaidtheindustry

isprovidingmoneyfornewtechnologythattheybelievewillgetrecyclingplasticuptoscale.Thegoal,theysaid,istorecycle1

00%oftheplastictheymakein5years.Butthemoreplasticisrecycled,thelessmoneytheindustrywillmakebysellingnewplastic.Andthoseprofits

havebecomeincreasinglyimportant.Companieshavetoldshareholders（股东）thatprofitsfromusingoilandgasfortransportareexpectedtodeclineincomingyearsw

iththeincreasinguseofelectriccars.Theindustryleadersexpectoilandgasdemandsfromthechemicalindustrywillbemuchgreaterthanthe

demandfromthetransportsideinthecomingdecade.Plasticproductionoverallisnowexpectedtorisethreetimesby2050,an

donceagain,theindustryisspendingmoneyonadvertisementsandpublicrelationstopromoteplasticrecycling.Plasticisnowmorecommonthanit'severbeenandhardertorec

ycle.Gaspricesremainathistoriclows,makingnewplasticcheaperthanrecycledplastic.Andtheindustrynowproducesmanymoredifferent-andmorecomplex-kindsof

plasticsthataremorecostlytosortandinmanycasescan'tberecycledatall.Effortstoreduceplasticusearemountingnationwide,b

utanyplantoslowthegrowthofplasticwillfaceanindustrywithbillionsofdollarsoffutureprofitstolose.24.Whatdowek

nowaboutthegoalof100%plasticrecycling?A.It'smodest.B.It'sachievable.C.It'surgent.D.It'sunreal.25.Howwilltheoilan

dgascompaniesmakemoreprofitsinthefollowingyears?A.Bysellingelectriccars.B.Byaddingemphasisonrecycling.C.Byincreasin

gplasticproduction.D.Bymeetingtheneedsoftransport.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"mounting"inparagraph4probablymea

n?A.Increasing.B.Working.C.Failing.D.Decreasing.27.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.ShouldPlasticBeRecycled?B.CanPlasticWasteBeHandled?C.RecyclePla

sticorSellMore?D.PlasticProductsorSubstitutes?CNewAppHelpsPeopleRememberFacesLargegatheringssuchasweddingsandconferencesca

nbesociallyoverwhelming.Pressuretolearnpeople’snamesonlyaddstothestress.Anewfacial-recognitionappcouldcometo

therescue,butprivacyexpertsrecommendproceedingwithcaution.Theapp,calledSocialRecall,connectsnameswithfacesviasmartphonecamerasandfacialrecognitio

n,potentiallyavoidingtheneedforformalintroductions.“Itbreaksdownthesesocialbarriersweallhavewhenmeetingsom

ebody,”saysBarrySandrew,whocreatedtheappandtesteditataneventattendedbyabout1,000people.AfterreceivinganinvitationtodownloadSocialRecallfromaneve

ntorganizer,theuserisaskedtotaketwoselfiesandsigninviasocialmedia.Attheevent,theappisactivewithinapreviouslydefinedgeographicalarea.Whenauserpo

intshisorherphonecameraatanattendee’sface,theappidentifiestheindividual,displaystheperson’sname,andlinkstohisorhersocialmediap

rofile.Toprotectprivacy,itrecognizesonlythosewhohaveagreedtoparticipate.Andtheapp'screatorssayitautomaticallydeletesusers’dataaft

eranevent.AnnCavoukian,aprivacyexpertwhorunsthePrivacybyDesignCenterofExcellencepraisestheapp’screatorsfort

heseprotectivemeasures.Shecautions,however,thatwhenpeoplechoosetosharetheirpersonalinformationwiththeapp,theyshouldknowthat“the

remaybeunintendedconsequencesdowntheroadwiththatinformationbeingusedinanothercontextthatmightcomebacktobiteyou.”Thestart-uphas

alsodevelopedaversionoftheappforindividualswhosufferfromprosopagnosia,or“faceblindness,”aconditionthatpreventspeoplefromrecognizingindividualsth

eyhavemet.Tousethisapp,apersonfirstacquiresanimageofsomeone’sface,fromeitherthesmartphone’scameraoraphotograph,andthentagsitwithaname.When

thecameraspotsthatsamefaceinreallife,thepreviouslyenteredinformationisdisplayed.Thecollecteddataarestoredonlyonauser’sphone,

accordingtotheteambehindtheapp.28.SocialRecallisusedto________.A.takephotosB.identifypeopleC.organizeevent

sD.makefriends29.SocialRecallhelpspeoplewithprosopagnosiaby________.A.givingnamestothephotoskeptintheirsmartphonesB.collec

tinginformationpreviouslyenteredinthephoneC.providingtheinformationofapersonwhentheyfirstmeetD.showingth

eperson’sinformationwhenitspotsastoredface30.WhatcanwelearnaboutSocialRecallfromthepassage?A.Itmayputpeople’sprivacyatrisk.B.Ithascau

sedunintendedconsequences.C.Itcanpreventsomecommunicationdisorders.D.Itispraisedbyusersforitsprotectiv

emeasures.DFollowingtheoutbreakofthenovelcoronaviruspneumonia(NCP),alsonamedCOVID-19byWHO,thereisageneralfearoftheunknown

virusasitsfulleffectsremaintobeseen.Fever,coughing,sorethroat,difficultybreathing—theNCP’ssymptomsaresimilartothec

ommoncoldortheflu,butit’spotentiallymoredangerous.Virusescouldbedeadly,likeHIVandEbola.Butwhatareviruses?Howcantheycausesomuchtrouble?Virusesare

non-livingorganisms(有机体)approximatelyone-millionthofaninchlong.Unlikehumancellsorbacteria,theycan’treproduceontheirown.Inste

ad,theyinvadethecellsoflivingorganismstoreproduce,spreadandtakeover.Virusescaninfecteverylivingthing–fro

mplantsandanimalsdowntothesmallestbacteria.Forthisreason,theyalwayshavethepotentialtobedangeroustohumanlife

.Sometimesaviruscancauseadiseasesoseriousthatitisfatal.Otherviralinfectionstriggernonoticeablereaction.Virusesl

iearoundourenvironmentallofthetime,waitingforahostcelltocomealong.Theycanenterourbodiesbythenose,mouth,eyesorbreaks

intheskin.Onceinside,theytrytofindahostcelltoinfect.Forexample,HIV,whichcausesAIDS,attackstheT-cellsoftheimmunesystem.Butthebasicquestionis,whered

idvirusesfirstcomefrom?Untilnow,noclearexplanationfortheiroriginexists.“Tracingtheoriginsofvirusesisdifficult”,EdRybicki,aviro

logist(病毒学家)attheUniversityofCapeTowninSouthAfrica,toldScientificAmerican,“becausevirusesdon’tleavefossilsandbecauseofthetrickst

heyusetomakecopiesofthemselveswithinthecellsthey’veinvaded”.However,therearethreemainhypotheses(假说)toexplaintheoriginofviruses.First,virusesstarted

asindependentorganisms,thenbecameparasites(寄生者).Second,virusesevolvedfrompiecesofDNAorRNAthat“escaped”fromlarger

organisms.Third,virusesco-evolvedwiththeirhostcells,whichmeanstheyexistedalongsidethesecells.Forthetimebeing,theseareonly

theories.Thetechnologyandevidencewehavetodaycannotbeusedtotestthesetheoriesandidentifythemostplausibleexplanation.Continui

ngstudiesmayprovideuswithcleareranswers.Orfuturestudiesmayrevealthattheanswerisevenmurkier(含糊不清的)than

itnowappears.31.Whatcanwelearnaboutvirusesfromthetext?A.Viruseshavenothingtodowiththecommoncold.B.Viru

sesarereallysmalllivingorganisms.C.Virusescan’treproduceunlesstheyfindahostcell.D.Virusesenterourbodi

esmainlythroughthemouth,noseandhair.32.Whichofthefollowingmightexplaintheoriginofviruses?A.Theyevolvedfromthefossilsofl

argeorganisms.B.Theyevolvedfromparasitesintoindependentorganisms.C.TheyevolvedfromtheT-cellsinanimals.D.Theyevolvedalongwiththeirhost

cells.33.Theunderlinedword“plausible”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.A.reasonableB.commonC.creativeD.unbeliev

able34.Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A.Viruseslivelongerinhumanhostcellsthaninanimals’.B.Viruseswillbecomemorelikebac

teriaastheyevolve.C.Itmaytakealongtimetounderstandtheoriginofviruses.D.Theauthorisoptimisticaboutfuturevirusresearch.第二节（共5小题:每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短

文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Areyouabookworm?Isyourheadpermanentlystuckinabook?35.Therearemanybenefitstoreading.Gettingint

oagoodnovelimprovesourliteracy.Butwhoorwhatencouragesustopickupabookandstartreading?Ofcourse,whenweareyoung,ourparentsandtea

chersinspireusbyintroducingustocharactersthatweloveorhate.Asachild,IlovedbookswrittenbyRoaldDahl,suchasCharlieandtheChocolateFactoryandTheTwits

.36.Theyarepopularwithchildreneventoday,despitecompetitionfromcontemporaryauthors.Onemodern-daychildren'sauthoris

J.K.Rowling,who'sknownforherbooksaboutthewizard,HarryPotter.37.TheUK'sNationalLiteracyTrustawardedherthetitlefor“t

urningagenerationofchildrenintoreaders”.38.Itcanalsohelppeopleindifficultcircumstances.TheauthorPatWinslowworkedasawriterinprison

sandfoundreadinganddiscussingstorieshelpedprisonersreflectontheirpatternsofbehavior.Shesays,“veryoftenwewouldhavediscussionsaboutthemoralcompasso

facharacter.Whatwasthemotivationofsomebody?Whydidtheybehavethatway?”TodayIliketoreadfactualbookssuchasbiographies,whereyoug

etaninsightintothelivesofimportantandwell-knownpeople.Ialsoenjoylookingattravelbooksandlearningaboutjourneysandnewdes

tinations__39__.Butthemainbenefitofreadingistheimprovementitbringstoourliteracy.Themorewedoit,thebetterwegetandwhoknows—

onedayyoumaybecomethenextTolstoy,JackieCollinsorevenWilliamShakespeare.A.Ifso,that'sagoodthingforyou.B.It'sagoodsu

bstituteifyoucan'tvisitinperson.C.Goodwritingcanreallycaptureourimagination.D.Readingbooksismorethananenjoyableleisure

time.E.Thesefictionalstorieswerefunny,twistedandslightlyevil.F.Whoareyourfavoriteauthorsandwhichareyourfavoritebooks?G.Shewasnamedasa“

literacyhero”forimprovingpeople'sloveofreading.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题：第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Ane

wstudyrevealsmoreanswersaboutwhyEarth’ssecondlargestoceanisexpandingfourcentimetres.That’saroundtheheightofagolftee.

Thewidthofacracker.It’salsotheamountthattheAtlanticOceanisexpandingeveryyear.Nowwhenyou’retalkingabouta

noceanthatis4,830kilometres(3,000miles)wideatitslargestpoint,4centimetres(1.6inches)isnotmuch.Butitishappening.Sonaturally,scientistswanttoknowwhy.Th

ankstoanewstudy,researchersthinkthattheyhavetheanswerwhy.Youcouldevencallita‘hottake’.Asinhotmagma,ormoltenrock

,deepundertheoceanfloor!Thestudysuggeststhattheexpansionisbeingcausedbymagma(岩浆)bubblingupfromunderanunderwater‘

mountainrange’calledtheMid-AtlanticRidge.Let’sstartwithwhatthatridgeis.Basically,theMid-AtlanticRidgeistheseambetweensomeverylargetecto

nicplates.Theridgeisalsoknownasaplateboundary.Aswe’vediscussedbeforehere,tectonicplatesareessentiallytheplatformsthatourcontinentsreston.

Theyarelargepiecesofthecrustthatarealwaysmovinginslowmotion.Thismovementiswhatcausesearthquakes,forexample.Andtheareaswheretheplatesmeetarewherewete

ndtofindthingslikemountainsandvolcanos,aswell.Inthiscase,asthemagmabubblesupfromthemantle(地幔)belowthecrust,itispushingtheedgesofboth

platesoutoftheway.Asaresult,theoceanisslowlygettingwider.Thisisanewfinding.Beforethestudy,scientiststhoughtthattheplateswerebeingpulledap

art—theywerebeingdraggedawayfromtheridgebyforcesoccurringoneithersideoftheocean,notfrominthemiddle.Scientistsstillbelieve

thatthis‘pulling’motionishappening.Itisjustthatnow,theyfeelthatthebubblingmagmaisanimportantforceaswell.Thereispushandpull.Thescie

ntistsbehindthisstudyhavebeenquicktopointoutthattheirresearchisonlylookingatasmallcross-sectionoftheridge.It’slikeasliceacrossit.Whatishappeningrig

htalongthisslice,maynotbehappeningthesamewayupanddowntheentireridge.Butitisstillreallyusefulinformation—andhowtheygotitisprettycool.Backin2016,a

researchshiptraveledtoaveryquietspotdirectlyovertheridge.Overfiveweeks,thecrewdropped39seismometersontotheoce

anfloor.Thesedevicesallowthemto‘listen’totheactivityofthetectonicplatesandwhatwasbeneathit.It’slikewhatastethoscopedoeswith

yourheartbeat,butfortheplanet.Ayearlater,theyretrievedthedevicesandlookedatthedata.Thenitwasbacktothelabtotryandpiecetogetherwhattheylearned.Inth

eend,theyhaveaddedtoourunderstandingofhowandwhytheEarth’ssurfaceconstantlymoves.Evenifitisonlybyaboutalittlebiteach

year!40.WhatiscausingtheexpansionofEarth’ssecondlargestocean?41.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“Thismovement”referto?42.Pleasedecidewhic

hpartofthefollowingstatementisfalse,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Scientistsfindthatitisthemagmabelowthecrustthatispus

hingtheedgesofbothplatesoutofthewaytocausetheoceantoslowlygetwider,butnottheforcesoccurringoneithersideoft

heoceanpullingtheplatesapart.43.Whatdoyouthinkoftheprocessofhowthefindingwasgot?(about40words)第二节（20分）假如你是红星中学的李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的

邮件中询问北京海淀近几年的变化，请根据以下要点进行回复。1、变化时什么2、对你的影响3、期待朋友来北京海淀DearJim，____________________________________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________________________________________YoursLiHua2021北京首师大附中高二（下）期末英语参考答案一、完型1-5CBDAC6-1

0CBDDA二、语法填空11.who12.threw13.clearly14.that15.where16.given17.togain18.independently19.whether20.how三、阅读理解21-23BC

B24-27DCAC28-30BDA31-34CDAC35-39AEGDB四、阅读表达40.Theexpansionisbeingcausedbymagmabubblingupfromunderanunderwater‘mountainrange’calledtheMid-AtlanticRidg

e.41.Theslowmotion/movementofthecrustsoftheearth(tectonicplates).42.Scientistsfindthatitisthemagmabelow

thecrustthatispushingtheedgesofbothplatesoutofthewaytocausetheoceantoslowlygetwider,butnottheforcesoccurringoneithersideoftheoceanpullingth

eplatesapart.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsstillbelievethatthis‘pulling’motionishappening.Itisjustthatnow,theyfee

lthatthebubblingmagmaisanimportantforceaswell.Thereispushandpull.43.略五、写作略