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2021北京首师大附中高二（下）期末英语2021.6第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂

黑。Themeasureofaman’srealcharacteriswhathewoulddoifheknewhewouldneverbefoundout.----ThomasMacaulayAboutthirtyyear

sago,IwasstudyinginapublicschoolinNewYork.Oneday,MrsNanetteO’Neillgaveamathstesttoourclass.Whenthepaperswere____1___

_shediscoveredthattwelveboyshadmadeexactlythesamemistakesthroughoutthetest.Thereisnothingreallynewabout____2____inexams.PerhapsthatwaswhyMrsO’Neill

didn’tevensayawordaboutit.Sheonlyaskedthetwelveboysto____3____afterclass.Iwasoneofthetwelve.MrsO’Neillasked

noquestions,andshedidn’tscolduseither.Instead,shewroteontheblackboardthe____4____wordsbyThomasMacaulay.Shethen

orderedustocopythesewordsintoourexercise-booksonehundredtimes.Idon’tknowabouttheotherelevenboys.Speakingform

yselfIcansayitwasthemostimportantsingle5ofmylife.ThirtyyearsafterbeingintroducedtoMacaulay’swords,they6seemtomethebestyardstick(准绳),be

causetheygiveusawaytomeasureourselvesratherthanothers.____7____ofusareaskedtomakegreatdecisionsaboutnationsgoingtowarorarmiesgoingtoba

ttle.Butallofusarecalled____8____dailytomakeagreatmanypersonaldecisions.Shouldthewallet,foundinthestreet,beputintoapocketor________9tothepoliceman?S

houldthe____10___changereceivedatthestorebeforgottenorreturned?Nobodywillknowexceptyou.Butyouhavetolivewithyourself,anditisal

waysbettertolivewithsomeoneyourespect.1.A.completedB.examinedC.markedD.answered2.A.lyingB.cheatingC.discussingD.guessing3.A.leaveB.a

pologizeC.comeD.remain4.A.aboveB.commonC.followingD.unusual5.A.lessonB.incidentC.chanceD.memory6.A.stillB.evenC.alwaysD.almost

7.A.AllB.FewC.SomeD.None8.A.upB.outC.forD.upon9.A.turnedupB.turnedonC.turnedbackD.turnedover10.A.extraB.smallC.s

omeD.necessary第二节语法填空（共10小题：每小题15分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AIstillrememberourphys

icsteacher__11_____gaveusachallengethatinvolvedmakingapaperplaneofanyshape.Theonlyobjectivewastogetittoflyasfaraspossible.Stand

ingatthestartingline,oneofmyclassmatestookapieceofflatpaper,crumpled(把…捏成一团)itup,and12(throw)itdowntheway.Hebeatthec

lasswithease.Someofthestudentsgotmadandsaidthathecheated,butthephysicsteacher13(clear)explaineditcouldbeanyshapeandthat

apaperballwasindeedashape.BAlibabaisn’ttheonlycompany___14_________introduceshigh-techhotels.SmartLYZ,aShenzhen-basedcompanywhichfocusedondevel

opingAItechnologyandsmarthotels,openedthefirsteverfullyautomated(自动化的)hotelinChengdu,____15_____peopleconsidertobeoneofthebes

tplacestolive.TravelerscanbookaroomthroughSmartLYZ’sWeChatwebsite,checkinthroughafacialrecognitionmachine,unlockthedoorwitha__

____16______(give)passcodeorthroughitsmobileappandfinally,checkoutbypressingabuttonontheapp.TheAISmartRoomwillundoubtedlybeextremelya

ttractivetoguests.CTheobjectivesofeducationcanbevarious.Oneis___17_____(gain)allkindsofknowledge,thatcangiveusinsightsint

ohowpeoplethinkandtherightattitudewheninteractingwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.Thesecondistoprepareindividualsforawell-roundedlifei

nsociety.Inotherwords,ithelpsindividualsthink________18______(depend),developcriticalthinkingskillsandactbasedonjudgment.Thirdly,educationhelpslear

nersunderstand___19_____thethingisrightorwrong,learn___20_______tointeractwithothers,behavewithintegrity,etc.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小

题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AUSATODAY10Best'sReadersChoiceAwardsarecurrentlyon

hold.Weaskedourreaderstovoteforthetopeventsacrosssixcategories:music,generalfood,specialtyfood,film,culturalandemerging

industries(foundedinthepastfiveyears).Thesearesomeofthewinners:KutztownFolkFestivalThenine-dayKutztownFolkFestiv

alisthenation'soldestcontinuouslyoperatedfolklifefestival,drawingvisitorsfromaroundtheglobe.AcelebrationofPennsylvania

Dutchcultureandheritage,theeventincludesAmerica'slargestquiltsale,200craftsmenandfolkartists,localfoodandfamilyfriendly

entertainment.WaterLanternFestivalTheWaterLanternFestivalisallaboutconnections.MagicalnightsincitiesacrosstheUSincl

udefood,livemusicandthebeautyofthousandsoflanternsdecoratedwithlettersoflove,hopeanddreamsfloatingonthewater.CarnavalofQueb

ecTheQuebecCarnavalisa10-dayfestivalofwinter,theworld'slargest,completewithnightparades(庆祝游行）,iceskating,snowsculpturesandatoweringicepalace.Othe

rhighlightsincludeicecanoeracing,asugarshackandiconicCariboudrinks.SanFranciscoChineseNewYearParadeSanFranciscohascelebrateditsChinesehe

ritageduringitsannualChineseNewYearFestival&ParadesincejustaftertheGoldRush.Theparaderanksamongthebestintheworld,with100units,fancyc

ostumes,fireworksanda268-footGoldenDragon,whichtakesateamof100menandwomentomarchthroughthestreets.Ithasbecomeoneof

thelargesteventsofitskindintheworld,drawingsomethreemillionspectatorsandtelevisionviewers.21.Whatcanyou

seeduringKutztownFolkFestival?A.Modernarts.B.Quiltsforsale.C.Traditionalweddings.D.Showsonstage.22.Whi

chfestivalismeanttopromoteinterpersonalrelationships?A.KutztownFolkFestival.B.CarnavalofQuebec.C.WaterLanternFestival.D.SanFranciscoChineseNe

wYearParade.23.CarnavalofQuebecandSanFranciscoChineseNewYearParadeboth.A.includespecialfoodB.relatetoparadesC.takeplaceonlyatnig

htsD.havesculptureexhibitionsBFordecades,Americanshavebeensortingtheirtrashbelievingthatmostplasticcouldberecycled.Butthetruthis

thatthevastmajorityofallplasticproducedcan'tbeorwon'tberecycled.In40years,lessthan10%ofplastichasbeenrecycled.AnewsprogrammeFrontline,byNPRandt

hePBS,foundthatoilandgascompanies-themakersofplastic-haveknownthatallalong,evenastheyspentmillionsofdollarstellingth

eAmericanpublictheopposite.Theplasticsindustryofficialssaidtheindustryisprovidingmoneyfornewtechnologythattheybelievewillgetrecyclingplasticup

toscale.Thegoal,theysaid,istorecycle100%oftheplastictheymakein5years.Butthemoreplasticisrecycled,thelessmoneytheindustrywillmakeb

ysellingnewplastic.Andthoseprofitshavebecomeincreasinglyimportant.Companieshavetoldshareholders（股东）thatprofitsfromusingoilandgasfortransportare

expectedtodeclineincomingyearswiththeincreasinguseofelectriccars.Theindustryleadersexpectoilandgasdemandsfromthechemicalindustrywillbemuchgreate

rthanthedemandfromthetransportsideinthecomingdecade.Plasticproductionoverallisnowexpectedtorisethreetimesby2050,andonceagain,theindus

tryisspendingmoneyonadvertisementsandpublicrelationstopromoteplasticrecycling.Plasticisnowmorecommonthanit'severb

eenandhardertorecycle.Gaspricesremainathistoriclows,makingnewplasticcheaperthanrecycledplastic.Andthe

industrynowproducesmanymoredifferent-andmorecomplex-kindsofplasticsthataremorecostlytosortandinmanycasescan'

tberecycledatall.Effortstoreduceplasticusearemountingnationwide,butanyplantoslowthegrowthofplasticwillfaceanindustrywithbillionsofdollarso

ffutureprofitstolose.24.Whatdoweknowaboutthegoalof100%plasticrecycling?A.It'smodest.B.It'sachievable.C

.It'surgent.D.It'sunreal.25.Howwilltheoilandgascompaniesmakemoreprofitsinthefollowingyears?A.Bysellingelectriccars.B.Byaddingemphasiso

nrecycling.C.Byincreasingplasticproduction.D.Bymeetingtheneedsoftransport.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"mounting"inparagraph4pr

obablymean?A.Increasing.B.Working.C.Failing.D.Decreasing.27.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.ShouldPlastic

BeRecycled?B.CanPlasticWasteBeHandled?C.RecyclePlasticorSellMore?D.PlasticProductsorSubstitutes?CNewAppHelpsPeopleRememberFacesLargegatheringss

uchasweddingsandconferencescanbesociallyoverwhelming.Pressuretolearnpeople’snamesonlyaddstothestress.Anewfacial-rec

ognitionappcouldcometotherescue,butprivacyexpertsrecommendproceedingwithcaution.Theapp,calledSocialRecall,connectsnameswithfacesviasmart

phonecamerasandfacialrecognition,potentiallyavoidingtheneedforformalintroductions.“Itbreaksdownthesesoci

albarriersweallhavewhenmeetingsomebody,”saysBarrySandrew,whocreatedtheappandtesteditataneventattendedbyabout1,000people.Afterreceivinganinvitation

todownloadSocialRecallfromaneventorganizer,theuserisaskedtotaketwoselfiesandsigninviasocialmedia.Attheevent,theappi

sactivewithinapreviouslydefinedgeographicalarea.Whenauserpointshisorherphonecameraatanattendee’sface,theappidentifiestheindividual,di

splaystheperson’sname,andlinkstohisorhersocialmediaprofile.Toprotectprivacy,itrecognizesonlythosewho

haveagreedtoparticipate.Andtheapp'screatorssayitautomaticallydeletesusers’dataafteranevent.AnnCavoukian,aprivacyexpertwhor

unsthePrivacybyDesignCenterofExcellencepraisestheapp’screatorsfortheseprotectivemeasures.Shecautions,how

ever,thatwhenpeoplechoosetosharetheirpersonalinformationwiththeapp,theyshouldknowthat“theremaybeunintendedco

nsequencesdowntheroadwiththatinformationbeingusedinanothercontextthatmightcomebacktobiteyou.”Thestart-uphasalsodevelopedave

rsionoftheappforindividualswhosufferfromprosopagnosia,or“faceblindness,”aconditionthatpreventspeople

fromrecognizingindividualstheyhavemet.Tousethisapp,apersonfirstacquiresanimageofsomeone’sface,fromeitherthe

smartphone’scameraoraphotograph,andthentagsitwithaname.Whenthecameraspotsthatsamefaceinreallife,thepreviouslye

nteredinformationisdisplayed.Thecollecteddataarestoredonlyonauser’sphone,accordingtotheteambehindtheapp.28.SocialRecallisuse

dto________.A.takephotosB.identifypeopleC.organizeeventsD.makefriends29.SocialRecallhelpspeoplewithprosopagnosiaby________.A.givingnamestothephoto

skeptintheirsmartphonesB.collectinginformationpreviouslyenteredinthephoneC.providingtheinformationofapersonwhentheyfirstmeetD

.showingtheperson’sinformationwhenitspotsastoredface30.WhatcanwelearnaboutSocialRecallfromthepassage?A.Itmayputpeople’spr

ivacyatrisk.B.Ithascausedunintendedconsequences.C.Itcanpreventsomecommunicationdisorders.D.Itispraisedbyusersforitsprotectivemeas

ures.DFollowingtheoutbreakofthenovelcoronaviruspneumonia(NCP),alsonamedCOVID-19byWHO,thereisageneralfearoftheunknownvirusasitsf

ulleffectsremaintobeseen.Fever,coughing,sorethroat,difficultybreathing—theNCP’ssymptomsaresimilartothecommoncoldortheflu,butit’

spotentiallymoredangerous.Virusescouldbedeadly,likeHIVandEbola.Butwhatareviruses?Howcantheycausesomuchtrouble?Virusesarenon

-livingorganisms(有机体)approximatelyone-millionthofaninchlong.Unlikehumancellsorbacteria,theycan’treproduceontheirown.Instead,theyinvade

thecellsoflivingorganismstoreproduce,spreadandtakeover.Virusescaninfecteverylivingthing–fromplantsandanimalsdowntothesmallestbacteria.Fort

hisreason,theyalwayshavethepotentialtobedangeroustohumanlife.Sometimesaviruscancauseadiseasesoseriousthatitisfa

tal.Otherviralinfectionstriggernonoticeablereaction.Virusesliearoundourenvironmentallofthetime,waitingforahostcelltocomealong.Theycanent

erourbodiesbythenose,mouth,eyesorbreaksintheskin.Onceinside,theytrytofindahostcelltoinfect.Forexample,HIV,whichcausesAIDS,attackstheT-cellsoftheimm

unesystem.Butthebasicquestionis,wheredidvirusesfirstcomefrom?Untilnow,noclearexplanationfortheiroriginexists.“Tracingtheoriginsofvirusesisdifficult

”,EdRybicki,avirologist(病毒学家)attheUniversityofCapeTowninSouthAfrica,toldScientificAmerican,“becausevir

usesdon’tleavefossilsandbecauseofthetrickstheyusetomakecopiesofthemselveswithinthecellsthey’veinvaded”.However,therearethreemainhypotheses(假说)t

oexplaintheoriginofviruses.First,virusesstartedasindependentorganisms,thenbecameparasites(寄生者).Second,virusesevolvedfrompiecesofDNAorRNAthat“escaped”

fromlargerorganisms.Third,virusesco-evolvedwiththeirhostcells,whichmeanstheyexistedalongsidethesecells.F

orthetimebeing,theseareonlytheories.Thetechnologyandevidencewehavetodaycannotbeusedtotestthesetheoriesandidentifythemostplausi

bleexplanation.Continuingstudiesmayprovideuswithcleareranswers.Orfuturestudiesmayrevealthattheanswerisevenmur

kier(含糊不清的)thanitnowappears.31.Whatcanwelearnaboutvirusesfromthetext?A.Viruseshavenothingtodowiththec

ommoncold.B.Virusesarereallysmalllivingorganisms.C.Virusescan’treproduceunlesstheyfindahostcell.D.Virusesenterourbodiesmain

lythroughthemouth,noseandhair.32.Whichofthefollowingmightexplaintheoriginofviruses?A.Theyevolvedfromthefossilsoflargeorganisms.B.Theyevolvedfrompar

asitesintoindependentorganisms.C.TheyevolvedfromtheT-cellsinanimals.D.Theyevolvedalongwiththeirhostcells.33.Theunderlinedword“plausible”int

helastparagraphprobablymeans________.A.reasonableB.commonC.creativeD.unbelievable34.Whatcanweconcludefr

omthetext?A.Viruseslivelongerinhumanhostcellsthaninanimals’.B.Viruseswillbecomemorelikebacteriaastheyevolve.C.Itmaytakealo

ngtimetounderstandtheoriginofviruses.D.Theauthorisoptimisticaboutfuturevirusresearch.第二节（共5小题:每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项

。Areyouabookworm?Isyourheadpermanentlystuckinabook?35.Therearemanybenefitstoreading.Gettingintoagoodnove

limprovesourliteracy.Butwhoorwhatencouragesustopickupabookandstartreading?Ofcourse,whenweareyoung,ourparentsandteachersinspireusbyintroducingust

ocharactersthatweloveorhate.Asachild,IlovedbookswrittenbyRoaldDahl,suchasCharlieandtheChocolateFactoryandTheTwits.36

.Theyarepopularwithchildreneventoday,despitecompetitionfromcontemporaryauthors.Onemodern-daychildren'

sauthorisJ.K.Rowling,who'sknownforherbooksaboutthewizard,HarryPotter.37.TheUK'sNationalLiteracyTrustawardedherthetitlefor“tu

rningagenerationofchildrenintoreaders”.38.Itcanalsohelppeopleindifficultcircumstances.TheauthorPatWinslowworkedasaw

riterinprisonsandfoundreadinganddiscussingstorieshelpedprisonersreflectontheirpatternsofbehavior.Shesays,“ver

yoftenwewouldhavediscussionsaboutthemoralcompassofacharacter.Whatwasthemotivationofsomebody?Whydidtheybehaveth

atway?”TodayIliketoreadfactualbookssuchasbiographies,whereyougetaninsightintothelivesofimportantandwell-knownpeople.Ialsoenjoylookingattravelbooksand

learningaboutjourneysandnewdestinations__39__.Butthemainbenefitofreadingistheimprovementitbringstoourliteracy.Themorewedoit

,thebetterwegetandwhoknows—onedayyoumaybecomethenextTolstoy,JackieCollinsorevenWilliamShakespeare.A.Ifso,that

'sagoodthingforyou.B.It'sagoodsubstituteifyoucan'tvisitinperson.C.Goodwritingcanreallycaptureourimagination.D.Readingbooksismoret

hananenjoyableleisuretime.E.Thesefictionalstorieswerefunny,twistedandslightlyevil.F.Whoareyourfavoriteauthorsandwhichareyourfavoritebooks?G.Shewas

namedasa“literacyhero”forimprovingpeople'sloveofreading.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题：第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Anewst

udyrevealsmoreanswersaboutwhyEarth’ssecondlargestoceanisexpandingfourcentimetres.That’saroundtheheightofagolftee.The

widthofacracker.It’salsotheamountthattheAtlanticOceanisexpandingeveryyear.Nowwhenyou’retalkingaboutanoceanthatis4,830kilometres(3,000m

iles)wideatitslargestpoint,4centimetres(1.6inches)isnotmuch.Butitishappening.Sonaturally,scientistswanttoknowwhy.Thankstoan

ewstudy,researchersthinkthattheyhavetheanswerwhy.Youcouldevencallita‘hottake’.Asinhotmagma,ormoltenroc

k,deepundertheoceanfloor!Thestudysuggeststhattheexpansionisbeingcausedbymagma(岩浆)bubblingupfromunderanunderwater‘mountainrange’calledtheMi

d-AtlanticRidge.Let’sstartwithwhatthatridgeis.Basically,theMid-AtlanticRidgeistheseambetweensomeverylargetect

onicplates.Theridgeisalsoknownasaplateboundary.Aswe’vediscussedbeforehere,tectonicplatesareessentiallyt

heplatformsthatourcontinentsreston.Theyarelargepiecesofthecrustthatarealwaysmovinginslowmotion.Thismovementiswhatcausesea

rthquakes,forexample.Andtheareaswheretheplatesmeetarewherewetendtofindthingslikemountainsandvolcanos

,aswell.Inthiscase,asthemagmabubblesupfromthemantle(地幔)belowthecrust,itispushingtheedgesofbothplatesoutoftheway.Asaresult,theoceanis

slowlygettingwider.Thisisanewfinding.Beforethestudy,scientiststhoughtthattheplateswerebeingpulledapart—theywerebeingdraggedawayfromtheridgebyforces

occurringoneithersideoftheocean,notfrominthemiddle.Scientistsstillbelievethatthis‘pulling’motionishappening.Itisjustthatnow,theyfeelthatthe

bubblingmagmaisanimportantforceaswell.Thereispushandpull.Thescientistsbehindthisstudyhavebeenquicktopo

intoutthattheirresearchisonlylookingatasmallcross-sectionoftheridge.It’slikeasliceacrossit.Whatishappeningrightalongthisslice

,maynotbehappeningthesamewayupanddowntheentireridge.Butitisstillreallyusefulinformation—andhowtheygotitisprettycool.Backin2016,aresearchshi

ptraveledtoaveryquietspotdirectlyovertheridge.Overfiveweeks,thecrewdropped39seismometersontotheoceanfloor.These

devicesallowthemto‘listen’totheactivityofthetectonicplatesandwhatwasbeneathit.It’slikewhatastethoscopedoe

swithyourheartbeat,butfortheplanet.Ayearlater,theyretrievedthedevicesandlookedatthedata.Thenitwasbacktothela

btotryandpiecetogetherwhattheylearned.Intheend,theyhaveaddedtoourunderstandingofhowandwhytheEarth’ssurfaceconstantlymoves.Evenifitisonlybyaboutalitt

lebiteachyear!40.WhatiscausingtheexpansionofEarth’ssecondlargestocean?41.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“Thismovement”referto?42.Pleasedecidewhichpart

ofthefollowingstatementisfalse,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Scientistsfindthatitisthemagmabelowthecrust

thatispushingtheedgesofbothplatesoutofthewaytocausetheoceantoslowlygetwider,butnottheforcesoccurringoneithersideoftheoceanpullingtheplatesapar

t.43.Whatdoyouthinkoftheprocessofhowthefindingwasgot?(about40words)第二节（20分）假如你是红星中学的李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中询问北京海淀近几年的

变化，请根据以下要点进行回复。1、变化时什么2、对你的影响3、期待朋友来北京海淀DearJim，_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________YoursLiHua2021北京首师

大附中高二（下）期末英语参考答案一、完型1-5CBDAC6-10CBDDA二、语法填空11.who12.threw13.clearly14.that15.where16.given17.togain18.independently19.whether20.how三、

阅读理解21-23BCB24-27DCAC28-30BDA31-34CDAC35-39AEGDB四、阅读表达40.Theexpansionisbeingcausedbymagmabubblingupfromunderanunderwat

er‘mountainrange’calledtheMid-AtlanticRidge.41.Theslowmotion/movementofthecrustsoftheearth(tectonicplates).42.Scientistsfind

thatitisthemagmabelowthecrustthatispushingtheedgesofbothplatesoutofthewaytocausetheoceantoslowlygetwider,butnotthefor

cesoccurringoneithersideoftheoceanpullingtheplatesapart.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsstillbelievethatthis‘pulli

ng’motionishappening.Itisjustthatnow,theyfeelthatthebubblingmagmaisanimportantforceaswell.Thereispushandpull.43.略五、写作略