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学习语言不仅要学习语言本身，很重要的一个方面是要理解讲这种语言的国家的文化和风俗，那么美国的一些常见的问候方式有哪些呢？让我们了解一下吧！ThecultureofAmericahasbeenshapedbyavarietyofforcesandbytheculturesofag

reatmanycountriesandregionsaroundtheworld.WhileAmericaisverydiverse,therearestillsomekeyqualitiessharedbynearlyallAmer

icans.IfyoufollowthesetipsyoushouldbeabletobetterunderstandAmericansandbetterenjoyyourstayinAmerica.Americansdonotl

ikepeoplethattheydonotknowbeingtoophysicallyclosetothem.Whenoutinpublicplaces,imaginethatthereisa1to1.5metercircledraw

naroundyouthatfollowsyouwhereveryougo—thatistheminimum(最少的)personalspaceyoushouldgivepeoplearoundyou.Onlyclosefriendsandf

amilymembersareallowedtogetcloser.Americansgreeteveryone,evenpeopletheydonotknow.Ifsomeonesays“hello”or“hi”toyou,youareexpectedtoreturnthegree

ting.Itisconsideredveryrudeifyoudonotreturnsomeone’sgreeting.Whenyougreetsomeoneformally,extend(伸出)yourh

andforahandshake.Donotkisspeople’scheeksortouchcheektocheek.Maintain(保持)reasonablepersonalspaceandshakehandsonly.Ifyoubrieflymeetsomeoneonthestreetw

hoyou’vemetmorethanonce,theymayfollowuptheirgreetingwithaquestionlike：“Howareyou?”or“How’sitgoing？”Whenpeopleaskthistheydonotreallywanttokno

whowyouaredoing,whatyouareexpectedtosayissomethinglike“I’mfine,thanks.”or“I’mgood,howareyou？”Americanslovetota

lkandgenerallyitisOKtotalkeventostrangersaboutnearlyanysubjectatanytimeaslongasyouarepolite.Howeverthereares

omesubjects,likeracism,Americanforeignpolicy,gunownership,andreligionthatarebestdiscussedamongfriends.SectionⅠWelcometotheunit&R

eading—WarmingUp[基础词汇]1．hugvt.&vi.&n．拥抱，抱紧2．weddingn.婚礼3．ensurevt.保证，担保，确保4．receptionn.招待会；接待；接受5．prohibitvt.(尤指以法令)禁止6．throughoutprep.&adv.自始至终；贯穿整个

时期；各处，遍及7．offencen.冒犯；侮辱8．alikeadj.相像，十分相似adv.十分相像地；同样地9．familiaradj.通晓；熟悉[拓展词汇]10．greetvt.和某人打招呼(或问好)→greetingn．问候；

打招呼11．congratulatevt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺→congratulationn．祝贺；恭喜12．permitvt.&vi.允许，准许n．许可证→permissionn．许可；允许；同意13．adjustvi.&vt.适应，习惯；调整，调

节→adjustableadj.可调整的→adjustmentn．调整；调节14．accustomedadj.习惯于；惯常的→accustomvt.使习惯15．celebrationn．庆典；庆祝活动→celebratev．庆祝；庆贺；颂扬1.be__supposed_

_to__do__sth.应该做某事2.drive__away赶走；离开3.cause__offence冒犯4.adjust__to__doing适应做5.have__trouble/difficulty__(in)__doing__sth.做某事有困难6.get__accustomed__

to__doing__sth.习惯于做某事7.be__familiar__with对……熟悉8.gather__around/round聚拢在一起9.be__similar__to与……相似10.do__without

没有……也能对付1．what引导表语从句Well,it’swhat__we__do__in__the__West．嗯，我们在西方就是这么做的。2．it作形式主语It’s__rude__not__to__open__a__present

whensomeonegivesyouone.当有人送你一件礼物时，不打开是不礼貌的。3．v.-ing形式作宾语补足语It’squitefunnywatchingthenewforeignteacherstryi

ng__to__adjust__to__doing__that．看新来的外教努力适应那样做很有趣。4．eventhough引导让步状语从句Even__though__we__share__the__same__language—withdifferentaccent

s,ofcourse—ourcustomsarenotalwaysalike.尽管我们拥有共同的语言——当然有着不同的口音——我们的风俗却不总是相似。ⅠReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．Which

ofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A．PeoplefromUKandUSAusuallyhavedifferentattitudestowardsreceivingpresents.B．Inthewest,itisimpolitetoopenaprese

ntwhensomeonegivesyouone.C．InBruneiitispolitetopointtosomeonewithone’sfirstfinger.D．AweddinginKoreaisdifferentfromoneintheUK.2．TheBruneia

nsintendto________．A．providealcoholandsoftdrinksattheweddingreceptionB．giveguestspresentsasasouvenirC．seethepeople’srea

ctionwhengivingpresentstothemD．holdanexcitinganduniqueweddingceremony3．Wecaninferfromtheconversationthatweshouldlearnand________whereverwegoin

ordertoavoidculturalmisunderstanding.A．doaswearetoldtoB．doaswelikeC．doasthelocalpeopledoD．takeoffoursh

oes4．Fromthepassage,weknowthat________．A．thereisnoculturaldifferencebetweennativeEnglishspeakersB．peoplepointwiththeirfirstfingerin

manycountriesC．inBrunei,atweddingreceptionsmenandwomenmaysitinseparateareasD．peopleinBruneitakeoffsho

esbeforegoingoutsideahouse答案：1－4.DDCBⅡAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Waled,whydon’tyoutellherabouttheBritishteacherwhoopenedthepre

sentassoonashereceiveditattheend-of-termceremony?Waled,whydon’tyoutellherabouttheBritishteacher是主干句；whoo

penedthepresent是________从句；assoonashereceiveditattheend-of-termceremony是____________从句。[尝试翻译]瓦利德，你为什么不给她讲一讲那位英国老师在期末典礼上_______

_______________________?答案：定语；时间状语；一收到礼物就打开的事呢2．Duringtheceremony,thehenlaidanegg,andeveryonecongratulatedthenewcouplebecauseitwasconsid

eredverylucky.本句是一个由并列连词and连接的并列句，在第一个分句中，Duringtheceremony是________状语；在第二个分句everyonecongratulatedthenewcouplebecauseitwasconsideredveryluck

y中，becauseitwasconsideredverylucky是由because引导的____________从句。[尝试翻译]在婚礼期间，那只母鸡下了一只蛋，所有的人都向这对新人祝贺，____________________________。答案：时

间；原因状语；因为这被认为是非常幸运的CulturaldifferencesMaLi：Hi,everyone.Myname’sMaLi.Ineedsomehelpwithmyhomework—it’saboutc

ulturaldifferences.CanIsitdownandtalktoyou?Waled：Hi,MaLi,I’mWaledfromBrunei①.Peter：AndI’mpeter,fromtheUK.Nicetomeetyou.②MaLi:Nicet

omeetyou,too.Canyoutellmeaboutsomeculturaldifferences③youhavefound④？Peter：Waled，whydon’tyou⑤tellherabouttheBritishteache

rwhoopenedthepresentassoonashereceivedit⑥attheend-of-term⑦ceremony⑧？MaLi:Oh，Ialreadyknowaboutthatone.MyAmericanfriendJackdidthesamet

hing.Peter:Well,it’swhatwedointheWest⑨.It’srudenottoopenapresent⑩whensomeonegivesyouone.Weliketoseehowthepersonr

eacts⑪.Wethinkit’sstrangenottoopenit⑫！Whatwouldbeanotherculturaldifference...letmethink.Well,Ioncewenttoanacquaintance’s⑬wedding⑭inKorea⑮andIwasvery

surprised.①Brunei['bruːnɑI]n.文莱②Nicetomeetyou.用于见面开始时。见面结束时要说“Nicemeetingyou.”。③tellsb.aboutsth.告诉某人有关某事④youhavefound是省略了关系代词th

at/which的定语从句，修饰先行词someculturaldifferences。⑤whydon’tyou...为提建议的句型，相当于“whynotdosth.”？⑥assoonas引导时间状语从句。⑦end-of-termn．学期末，作定语，修饰ceremon

y。⑧ceremonyn．仪式，典礼⑨what引导表语从句。⑩it作形式主语，不定式为真正的主语。⑪reactv．作出反应，回应reactwith与……起化学反应reactto对……作出反应⑫it指代nottoopenit作think宾语从句的形式主语。⑬acquaintancen．泛泛之交；熟

人makeone’sacquaintance(正式)结识某人，认识某人onfirstacquaintance(正式)初次见面时⑭wedding['wedIŋ]n.婚礼⑮Korea[kə'rIə]n.韩国；朝鲜文化差异马莉：嗨，大家好，我叫马莉。我需要一些帮

助来完成我的家庭作业——它是有关文化差异的。我能坐下来跟你们聊一聊吗？瓦利德：嗨，马莉，我是来自文莱的瓦利德。彼得：我是彼得，来自英国，见到你们很高兴。马莉：见到你们我也很高兴。你们能给我讲讲你们已发现的一些文化差异吗？彼得：瓦利德，你为什么不给她讲一讲那位

英国老师在期末典礼上一收到礼物就打开的事呢？马莉：噢，那件事我已经知道了。我的美国朋友杰克也那样做过。彼得：嗯，我们在西方就是这么做的。当有人送你一件礼物时，不打开是不礼貌的。我们喜欢看那个人的反应。我们

觉得不打开礼物的做法很奇怪！还有什么文化差异呢？……让我想一想。嗯，有一次我去参加一位熟人在韩国的婚礼，我就很吃惊。MaLi：Whywasthat?Peter：Well,theyhadalive⑯henandarooster⑰as⑱apartofthewedding

ceremony⑲.MaLi：Livechickens?Peter：Yes.Roostersaresupposedto⑳drivebadspiritsawayfrom○21theweddingceremony,andhensarethought○22toensure○2

3goodluckfor○24themarriage.Duringtheceremony，thehenlaid○25anegg,andeveryonecongratulated○26thenewcouplebeca

useitwasconsidered○27verylucky.⑯liveadj.活的⑰rooster['ruːstə(r)]n.公鸡⑱have...as...把……当作……⑲weddingceremony结婚典礼⑳besupposedto...被认为是……○21drive...awayfrom

...把……从……驱走○22bethoughttodosth.被认为做某事○23ensure[In'ʃʊə(r)]vt.保证，担保，确保○24goodluckfor...对……来说是好运的○25laid是lay的过去式。○26congratulate[kən'ɡrætʃʊleIt]vt.向(某人

)道贺，祝贺○27beconsidered(tobe...)被认为(是……)马莉：那是为什么呢？彼得：嗯，他们把一只活母鸡和一只活公鸡作为婚礼仪式的一部分。马莉：活鸡？彼得：是的，公鸡被认为能够把坏运气从婚礼上赶走，而母鸡则被认为能确保给婚姻带

来好运。在婚礼期间，那只母鸡下了一只蛋，所有的人都向这对新人祝贺，因为这被认为是非常幸运的。Waled：That’sinteresting!InBrunei，atweddingreceptions○28menandwomenhavetosi

tinseparate○29areas—themenwiththebridegroom○30，andthewomenwiththebride○31.Anotherdifferenceisthatwhileweservefood,softdrinks,teaandcoffee○32，a

lcoholisnotpermitted○33attheweddingreception—infact，alcoholisaltogetherprohibited○34inBrunei.Andyouprobablywouldn’tgetmuchsleepifyoulivednearwhe

reaweddingreceptionwasbeingheld○35.That’sbecause○36weplaylouddrumstocelebratetheweddingforhoursafterwards,andsometimeseve

nthroughout○37thenight!Peter：Throughoutthenight?Waled：Yeah,peoplegetusedto○38it.MaLi：Sowhatotherthingsdoyoudo

inyourcountrythataredifferentfromothercountries，Waled?Waled：Well,youknowinmanycountriespeoplepointwiththeirfirstfinger.However,inBrune

ithatcancauseoffence○39，soweuseourthumb○40topoint.It’squitefunnywatchingthenewforeignteacherstryingtoadjusttodoingthat○41.Ano

therthingis,ifyoucametoBrunei,youwouldhavetotakeoff○42yourshoesbeforegoingintosomeone’shouse.Manyforeignershavetroublegetting

○43accustomed○44toit.○28reception[rI'sepʃn]n.招待会；接待；接受○29separateadj.分开的，不同的vt.分开○30bridegroom['braIdɡruːm]n.新郎○31bride[braId]n.新娘○3

2that引导表语从句；while在从句中引导让步状语从句。○33permit[pə'mIt]vt.&vi.允许，准许['pɜːmIt]n.许可证○34prohibit[prə'hIbIt]vt.(尤指以法令)禁止○35whe

re引导名词性从句，作介词near的宾语。○36That’sbecause...那是因为……，because引导表语从句。○37throughout[θruː'aʊt]prep.&adv.自始至终；贯穿整个时期；各处，遍及○38g

etusedto...习惯于……(to是介词)。○39offence[ə'fens]n.冒犯；侮辱○40thumb[θʌm]n.拇指○41adjust[ə'dʒʌst]vi.&vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节adjustoneselfto...使

某人自己适应……it作形式主语，动名词短语watching...作真正的主语；句中又含“watch＋宾语＋宾补”结构。○42if引导的条件句表示与现在事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去式，主句的谓语部分用“would/should/could/m

ight＋动词原形”。○43havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困难○44accustomed[ə'kʌstəmd]adj.习惯于；惯常的getaccustomedto习惯于(to为介词)瓦利德：那真有意思！在文莱的婚宴上男女必

须得坐在不同的区域——男士和新郎坐在一起，女士和新娘坐在一起。另外一个区别是我们虽然供应食物、软饮料、茶和咖啡，但是在婚宴上不许饮酒——事实上，在文莱白酒是完全被禁止的。而且如果你住在婚礼举办地附近，你很有可能睡不了多少觉。那是因为婚宴之后我们连续好几个小时击鼓庆祝婚礼，有时候甚至通

宵！彼得：通宵？瓦利德：是的，人们对它习惯了。马莉：瓦利德，那么你们国家还有什么事情的做法和别的国家不一样呢？瓦利德：嗯，你知道，在很多国家人们用食指来指东西。然而，在文莱，那样会引起冒犯，所以我们用大拇指来指东西。看新来的外

教努力适应那样做很有趣。还有就是，如果你来到文莱，你进别人的房子之前必须得脱鞋。许多外国人很难适应这种做法。Peter：Butwhatisreallyinteresting○45isthattherearesome-timesg

reatculturaldifferencesevenbetweennativeEnglishspeakers○46.Iamalwaysamazedat○47howAmericansaresodifferentfrom

usBrits○48.Eventhough○49wesharethesamelanguage—withdifferentaccents,ofcourse—ourcustomsarenotalwaysalike○50.MaLi：Really?Peter：Yes.F

orexample，IhavefondchildhoodmemoriesofBonfire○51Night，butmyAmericanfriendsarenotfamiliar○52withthatparticularfestival.MaLi：Well,I’m

notfamiliarwithiteither.○45whatisreallyinteresting是what引导的主语从句。○46thattherearesometimesgreatculturaldifferences...是that引导的表语从

句。○47beamazedat...对……感到惊讶○48Brit[brIt]n.英国人○49eventhough＝evenif尽管，引导让步状语从句。○50alike[ə'laIk]adj.相像，十分相似adv.十分相像地；同样地○51bonfire['bɒnfaIə(r)]n.(在室外

为庆祝而燃起的)大火堆，篝火○52familiar[fə'mIlIə(r)]adj.通晓；熟悉befamiliarwith对……熟悉befamiliarto被/为……所熟悉彼得：但真正有趣的是，即使在以英语作为母语的人之间有时也存在着很大的文化差异。我总是惊诧于美国人和我们英国人怎么如此

不一样。尽管我们拥有共同的语言——当然有着不同的口音——我们的风俗却并不总是相似。马莉：真的吗？彼得：是的。例如，我有童年时篝火节的温馨回忆，但是我的美国朋友对那个特别的节日竟然不太了解。马莉：喔，我也不太了解那个节日。Peter

：Oh,it’sacelebration○53thattakesplace○54onNovember5theveryyear○55.Peoplelightlargefiresoutside,andeveryonegathersaround○56andhasa

party.Thereareplentyof○57fireworks○58，andeveryoneeatshotdogs○59andotherfoodthatcanbecookedoverthefire○60.It’sgreatfun○61.MaLi：

Well,It’stimeformetogo.Thishasbeenareallyinterestingchat.IthinknowIunderstandalotmoreaboutdifferentculturesandwhatisappropriate○62behaviour.It’srea

llyhelpedmewithmyhomework○63！Ihopewecantalkagainsoon.Afterall○64，learningaboutculturaldifferences○65isagoodwaytounderstandmor

eabouteachother.Seeyoulater!Waled：Seeyou!Peter：Right，later！○53celebration[ˌselI'breIʃn]n.庆典；庆祝活动○54takep

lace发生(无被动语态)○55thattakesplaceonNovember5theveryyear是that引导的定语从句修饰celebration。○56gatheraround聚在一起○57plentyof大量的，充足的，修饰可数名词和不可数名词。○

58firework['fɑIəwɜːk]n.焰火，烟花，一般用复数。○59hotdogn．热狗(香肠面包)○60thatcanbecookedoverthefire是that引导的定语从句，修饰otherfood。○61fu

nn．乐趣，为不可数名词。○62appropriateadj.适当的○63helpsb.withsth.帮助某人某事○64afterall毕竟；终究○65动名词短语learningaboutculturaldif

ferences作主语。彼得：噢，那是发生在每年11月5日的一次庆祝活动。人们在户外点燃大堆的篝火，大家围着篝火举行聚会。还有大量的烟花，每个人都吃着热狗和其他可以用火烘烤的食物。真是有趣极了。马莉：好了，我该走了。这的确是很有趣的一次聊天。我想现在我

对关于不同的文化及得体的行为举止有了更多的了解。这的确对我的家庭作业有帮助！我希望我们很快能再聊天。毕竟，了解文化差异是互相增进了解的一个好办法。再见！瓦利德：再见！彼得：的确如此，再见！A卷Ⅰ阅读理解AMyparentswereinahugeargum

ent，andIwasreallyupsetaboutit.Ididn’tknowwhoIshouldtalkwithabouthowIwasfeeling.SoIaskedMomtoallowmetostaythenightatmybestfriend

’shouse.ThoughIknewIwouldn’ttellheraboutmyparents’situation，Iwaslookingforwardtogettingoutofthehouse.Iwasinthemiddleofpackingup

mythingswhensuddenlythepowerwentoutintheneighborhood.MomcametotellmethatIshouldstaywithmygrandpauntilthepowercamebackon.Iwasreallydisappo

intedbecauseIfeltthatwedidnothavemuchtotalkabout.ButIknewhewouldbefrightenedaloneinthedark.IwenttohisroomandtoldhimthatI’dstaywithhimuntilthepow

erwasrestored.Hewasquitehappyandsaid，“Greatopportunity.”“Whatisit？”Iasked.“Totalk，youandI，”hesaid.“Toholdaprivatelittlemeetingaboutwhatwe’regoingtod

owithyourmomanddad，andwhatwe’regoingtodowithourselvesnowthatwe’reinthesituationwearein.”“Butwecan’tdoanythingaboutit.Grandpa，”Isaid，surprise

dthatherewassomeonewithwhomIcouldsharemyfeelingsandsomeonewhowasinthesame“boat”asIwas.Andthat’showthemostunbelievable

friendshipbetweenmygrandfatherandmestarted.Sittinginthedark，wetalkedaboutourfeelingsandfearsoflife—fromhowfastthingschangetohowtheysom

etimesdon’tchangefastenough.Thatnight，becausethepowerwentout，Ifoundanewfriend，withwhomIcouldsafelytalkab

outallmyfearsandpains，whatevertheymaybe.Suddenly，thelightsallcamebackon.“Well，”hesaid，“Iguessthatmeansyou’ll

wanttogonow.Ireallylikeourtalk.Ihopethepowerwillgoouteveryfewnights！”【解题导语】父母争吵使作者感到没有人可以分享自己的感受，但是突然的停电使作者发现有个新的朋友可以交流自己的

想法，这就是他的爷爷。1．IwishedtogetoutofthehousebecauseＷ.A.IwaseagertohavefunwithmybestfriendB.IfoundnobodytosharemyfeelingswithC.Iwantedtoescapefromthed

arkhouseD.IplannedtotellmyfriendaboutmytroubleB解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Ididn’tknowwhoIshouldtalkwithabouthowIwa

sfeeling.”可知，作者发现没有人可以分享他的感受。故选B。2．GrandpawashappytoseemebecauseＷ.A.hecoulddiscusstheproblemwithmeB.heha

dnotseenmeforalonglimeC.hewasafraidofdarknessD.hefeltquitelonelyA解析：细节理解题。由第四段第一句中的“Totalk，youandI”可知，此处是对上文“Hewasquitehappyandsaid，‘Greatoppor

tunity.’”的解释。可知，爷爷认为他可以和“我”讨论这个问题。故选A。3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage？A.Theauthorwaseagertoleave.B.T

heywouldhavemorechats.C.Thelightswouldgooutagain.D.Itwouldnolongerbedark.B解析：推理判断题。由文章结尾爷爷所说的话“Iguessthatmeansyou’llw

anttogonow.Ireallylikeourtalk.Ihopethepowerwillgoouteveryfewnights！”可知，作者和爷爷将会多聊天。故选B。BWhocouldhaveimaginedthatatreadmill(跑步机)onwheelswouldonedaybec

omeathing？Lopifitisanunusualmeansoftransportationthatallowsyoutopoweranelectricbicyclebywalkingonatread

mill.LopifitfounderBruinBergmeestersaysitallstartedwhenheaskedhimselfthequestion，“HowcanIuseatreadmi

lloutdoors？”Heeventuallycameupwithadesign，towhichheaddedanelectricengine，andLopifitwasborn.Thetreadmillbicycleissimilartoatypicalelectricbicycle

inthatthemotor(发动机)onlyworkswhentheriderputspowerinaswell.TheLopifitsensesitwhenyouwalkonthetreadmillan

dusesthemotortoturnadrivechainatthebackpartofthetreadmill，helpingyoureachatopspeedof17milesperhour.TousetheLopifit，simplyturnonthebatte

ryanduseyourfeettoslidethetreadmillbackwardsandactivate(激活)themotor.Thengetonandenjoytheride！Ifyouneedspeed，justwalkont

hetreadmill，andifyouwanttocoast，allyouhavetodoisstaystillandadmiretheview.Tostop，youhavetwohandbrakesavailable.TheL

opifitfirsthitthestreetsin2014and，unsurprisingly，becameaninstanthit.Thatwasactuallyquitechallengingforthecompany，becauseitstartedgettingcall

sfororders，butitwasnowherenearreadyformassproduction(大规模生产).Theuniquetreadmillbicyclebecameavailablethisyear，andLopifitisstrugglingtokeepupwit

hdemand，despitethehighpricetagofD|S2，115.Butdespitehavingaveryloyalfan­baseofso­calledLopifitters，thecreativem

eansoftransportationalsohasnaysayerswhosimplyconsidertheinventionstupidandunnecessary.Theybasicallybeliev

ethatifyou’regoingtowalk，youmightaswelldoittheold­fashionedway.ButtheLopifitdoeshavetheuniqueadvantageofhelpin

gyou“walk”reallyfastwithoutbreakingasweat，orwalkingatcyclingspeed，ifyouwill.【解题导语】本文为说明文。跑步机也能成为一种交通工具吗？多亏

了Lopifit的创始人BruinBergmeester的创意，这已经成为现实。4．WiththehelpofLopifit，youcanＷ.A.answersomehardquestionsB.offerpowertoanybicycleC.createatreadmillonwheel

sD.cycletoworkbywalkingD解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段最后一句可知，通过在Lopifit上行走，带动发动机，启动车子，从而实现通过步行骑车去上班。5．Fromthesecondparagraph，wecanlearnＷ.A.howLop

ifitwasbornB.whereLopifitcanbeusedC.whoLopifitwasintendedforD.whichdesignissuitableforLopifitA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“itallstarte

dwhenheaskedhimselfthequestion，“HowcanIuseatreadmilloutdoors？”可以了解到Lopifit是如何诞生的。6．Whatcanbelearnedfr

omthefourthparagraph？A.ThesupplyofLopifitfailedtomeetthedemand.B.ItwashardforthecompanytodesignLopifit.C.Lopifitwascheapandavailablein2

014.D.Lopifitalwaysbrokedownonthestreets.A解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“Thatwasactuallyquitechallenging...nowherenearreadyformassproduc

tion(大规模生产).”可知，2014年Lopifit首次出街便火速蹿红，这对Lopifit公司来说是一个很大的考验，因为他们还远没有做好大规模生产的准备，就开始收到订购需求，所以有点供不应求。7．Howdoth

epublicreacttoLopifit？A.Positively.B.Variously.C.Angrily.D.Cautiously.B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butdespitehavingaveryloyal...considerthe

inventionstupidandunnecessary.”可知，除了一批被称为Lopifitter的死忠粉外，也有人不看好这款颇具创意的交通工具，他们觉得这样的创意愚蠢而且多此一举，故人们对Lopifit的反应不同。CLastweekmyyoungestsonandIvisit

edmyfatherathisnewhomeinTucson，Arizona.Hemovedthereafewyearsago，andIwaseagertoseehisnewplaceandmeethisfr

iends.Myearliestmemoriesofmyfatherareofatall，handsomesuccessfulmandevotedtohisworkandfamily，butuncomfortablewithhischild

ren.AsachildIlovedhim；asaschoolgirlandyoungadultIfearedhimandfeltbitterabouthim.HeseemedunhappywithmeunlessIgotstraightA’sandunhappyw

ithmyboyfriendsiftheirfatherswerenotas“successful”ashewas.WheneverIwentoutwithhimonweekends，Iusedtostruggletothinkupthingstosay，notfeeling

relaxed.Onthefirstdayofmyvisit，wewentoutwithoneofmyfather’sfriendsforlunchatanoutdoorcafé.Wewalkedalongthatafternoon，did

someshopping，ateonthestreettable，andlaughedovermyson’sfunnyfacialexpressions.Goneweremyfather’scritical(挑剔的)airandstrictrules.

WhowasthispersonIknewasmyfather？Heseemedsofriendlyandinterestingtobearound.Whathadheldhimbackbefore？The

nextdaymydadpulledouthischildhoodpicturesandtoldmequiteafewstoriesabouthisownchildhood.Althoughourtimestogetherbecameeasierovert

heyears，Ineverfeltclosertohimatthatmoment.Aftersomanyyears，I’matlastseeinganothersideofmyfather.I’mdelightedwithmynewfriendＷ.Mydad，

inhisnewhomeinArizona，isbacktomefromwherehewas.【解题导语】在本文中作者介绍了与父亲的关系。父亲对作者要求很高，作者从小很惧怕父亲。有一次作者和儿子同父亲一起相处时，作者才看到了父亲友好

、随和的另一面。8．Whydidtheauthorfeelbitteraboutherfatherwhenshewasayoungadult？A.Hewassilentmostofthetime.B.Hewastooproudofh

imself.C.Hedidnotlovehischildren.D.Heexpectedtoomuchofher.D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的HeseemedunhappywithmeunlessIg

otstraightA’sandunhappywithmyboyfriendsiftheirfatherswerenotas“successful”ashewas.可知答案。9．Whentheauthorw

entoutwithherfatheronweekends，shewouldfeelＷ.A.nervousB.sorryC.tiredD.safeA解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的WheneverIwentoutwithhimonwee

kends，Iusedtostruggletothinkupthingstosay，notfeelingrelaxed.可知答案。10．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofherfathe

rafterhervisittoTucson？A.Morecritical.B.Moretalkative.C.Gentleandfriendly.D.Strictandhard-working.C解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的Whowasthisperson

Iknewasmyfather？Heseemedsofriendlyandinterestingtobearound.可知答案。11．Theunderlinedwords“mynewfriend”inthelastparagraphrefer

toＷ.A.theauthor’ssonB.theauthor’sfatherC.thefriendoftheauthor’sfatherD.thecaféownerB解析：词义猜测题。根据上文的讲述特别是文

中的Aftersomanyyears，I’matlastseeinganothersideofmyfather.可知，作者重新认识了父亲，并把他视为朋友。故选B项。Ⅱ七选五Creatingagoodstudyenvironmenttakesalittleplanning.Itiswellw

orththetimeastheendresultwillbemuchmoreproductivestudytime.Manypeoplefailtodothisandwonderwhytheycannotconcentr

ate.Afteracoupleoftimesofstudyingtherightway，mostpeoplewillbesurprisedathowmuchtheycanactuallyenjoystudying.1.Kno

wconcentrationisthekey.Reduceeverypossibledistraction(使人分心的事).Turnoffthetelevisionandgoinanareawhereyouwillnotbeinterruptedbypeople.2.Ify

ouarestudyingonyourcomputer—don’tgetdistractedbyemails.3．Ifitistoodim(暗的)，youreyeswillbeinjuredandleaveyo

utiredandeagertocloseyoureyes.Itwillbebetterifitiswithnaturallight，whichcanwakeyouupandhelpyouthink.Chooseacomfortableseat.4.Nowacouchcanworkjustfine

forthisaslongasyoudon’tfindyourselflyingflatafterafewminutes.Thewholepointofstudyingistobeabletoconcentr

ateonthestudymatter.5．Nowthisisforthepersonwhoneedsthebackgroundnoise.Ifyoufindyourselfthinkingabout

thesongthenmaybesilenceisbetterforyou.Keepsomethingtodrinkandsnackonclosebytokeepyourbloodsugarstable.Obviouslys

ugaryfoodswillgiveyouaquickrushbutyouwillalsohaveaquicklowafterward.A.Learnmoretomakethestudyenvironmentdifferent.

B.Turnonsomemusic.C.Ifyoucan，turnoffyourcellphone.D.Findaplacethatispropertoread.E.Itshouldhaveagoodbacksupportandago

odfeeling.F.Somepeoplecanstudywithlotsofactivitiesgoingon.G.Readontolearnhowtocreateagoodstudyenvironment.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了如何创造良好的学习环境。1．G解析：根据该段第一句“

Creatingagoodstudyenvironmenttakesalittleplanning.”和下文内容可知，应选G项来承上启下。2．C解析：空处前一句建议关掉电视机以免受影响，空处后一句建议不要受电子邮件的影响；据此可判断，空处表示关掉某种影响学习的电子设

备，故选C项“如果你能做到的话，关掉你的手机”。3．D解析：下文介绍了光线太暗对眼睛的影响并建议在自然光下学习；据此可以判断，该处主要建议找一个合适的地方看书，故D项正确。4．E解析：根据空前一句“Chooseacomfortableseat.”可知

，本段主要建议选一个舒适的座位；据此可以判断，E项符合文意。5．B解析：根据该段的最后一句“Ifyoufindyourselfthinkingaboutthesongthenmaybesilenceisbetterforyou.”可知，该段主要建议播放一些音乐，故B项正确。B卷Ⅰ阅读

理解Rapmusic，orhip­hop，isastyleofpopmusicoriginatinginthemid­1970samongblackandHispanic(西班牙的)performersinNewYorkCity.Atfirst，itwasassociatedwit

hanathleticstyleofdancing，knownasbreak­dancing(霹雳舞).The1980ssawtheintensediversification(多元化)inrapmusic，wh

ichdevelopedintoamorecomplexform.Thesimpletalesofthe1970swerereplacedbythecomplex，multi­layeredbeats.So

merappersevenbecamemainstreampopperformers，includingKurtisBlow.Rapmusicwasalmostentirelyunknownoutsideof

theUnitedStatespriortothe1980s.Duringthatdecade，itbegantospreadandbecameapartofthemusicsceneindozensofcountries.Inthee

arlypartofthedecade，break­dancingbecamethefirstaspectofhip－hopculturetoreachGermany，JapanandSouthAfrica.Meanwhile，recordedrapmusicwasreleasedinF

ranceandthePhilippines.Inthe1990sandthefollowingdecade，elementsofrapmusiccontinuedtobeabsorbedintootherkindsofpopularmusic.InEurope

，Africa，andAsia，rapmusicbegantoreachmainstreamaudiences.Inthe2000s，theUnitedStateshasseentheriseofalternativerapmusic

intheformofpopularperformerslikeTheRoots，MosDef，andmanyothers.Insomecountries，performershavebecomewellknownoutsideoftheirown

countries，andrapmusichascontinuedtospreadintonewlands，includingRussia，Egypt，andChina.Therearevariousviewsonra

pmusic.Forexample，somepeoplecriticizerapmusicforthepromotionofviolence，whileothersadmireitasawaytounderstand

culturalidiomsandconsidermanyrapperstohaveanacutesocialandpoliticalawareness.1．Therapmusicinthe1980sdevelopedintoＷ.A.asimplerformB.an

easierformC.amorecomplexformD.amoredifficultformC解析：细节理解题。由第二段第一句The1980ssawtheintensediversification(多元化)inrapmusic，whichde

velopedintoamorecomplexform.可知答案为C选项。2．Theunderlinedpartinthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“”.A.inB.beforeC.afterD.withinB解析：词义猜

测题。从其后一句的解释可知，priortothe1980s意为“在20世纪80年代以前”，故B项与其意义接近。3．RapmusicbegantobeacceptedbythemainstreaminEuropeinＷ.A.themiddleofthe1970sB.the2000sC

.the1990sD.the1980sC解析：推理判断题。由第四段中开头及最后一句rapmusicbegantoreachmainstreamaudiences可判断出。4．Whichofthefollowingstatementsis

RIGHT？A.Theauthordoesn’tlikerapmusicbecausehethinksthatitpromotesviolence.B.Inthe2000s，somerapmusicperformersbecamepopulararound

theworld.C.Break­dancingcomesfromrapmusic.D.Inthe1990s，thefirstpieceofrapmusicwasreleasedinthePhilippinesbyMosD

ef.B解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段andrapmusichascontinuedtospreadintonewlands，includingRussia，Egypt，andChina可判断B选项正确。Ⅱ完形填空Imetabully(仗势欺人者)whenIwasineleme

ntaryschool.Shelookedimpatientand1Ｗ.Sometimesyoucouldseecutsonherskin.Studentswould2herandlietotheteacherthatshehadcutsbecauseshefo

ught.Nobodywouldgonearherandtheteacherswouldalso3her.Myfriendstoldmenottolookherintheeye4I’dhavebadluck

foryears.Eventhougheveryonedislikedher，inmyeyesIcouldseeher5Ｗ.Shesataloneatlunch；playedontheemptyslide，andwalkedhomealone.Ifelt

likeIcouldseerightthroughher.ThenIhaddecidedtofillupheremptysoulandmakeher6Ｗ.WhenIwalkedpastherinthehallways，Ismiledandsaid7，“Hi！”Theother

studentslookedatmein8，butIdidn’tcarebecausethatsmilehelpedmetalktoher.Sheopeneduptomeand9howshegrewupasanorphan(孤儿).Rumorss

preadabouther10metobecomeherfriend.Idenied(否认)it.Myclassmatesalwayssaid，“Don’t11withabully.”Iwouldreply，“Stayingawayfromabullyisjustas12asbeingone.Th

ebulliesareactuallythosewhodon’t13othersordon’teventrytostandinotherpeople’sshoes.”Whenpeoplefinally14mywords，theys

tartedtalkingtoherandsoonbecameher15Ｗ.Ithinkbullies16someonewhoextendshisorherhandtothem，andsomeonewhotellsthemeverythingwillbealright，forlifeco

meswithmany17butwecanovercomethem.I’llbethereto18theirpainandshoweveryonethatbulliescanbeas19asotherswhentheywanttobe.Savingsom

eonefrom20doesn’ttakeanythingbutasmileandahand.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的班级中有一位爱欺凌人的同学，大家都对她避之不及，但作者用自己的善良和热心打动了她并改变了大家对她的看法。1．A.calmB.rudeC.c

uriousD.weakB解析：根据语境可知，这位爱欺凌人的女孩看起来不耐烦又粗鲁(rude)。2．A.careB.trustC.watchD.blameD解析：根据下文的lietotheteacherthatshehadcutsb

ecauseshefought可知，同学们总是责怪(blame)她。3．A.helpB.noticeC.ignoreD.acceptC解析：联系上下文可知，没有人愿意靠近她，连老师也会无视(ignore)她。4．A.orB.bu

tC.soD.ifA解析：作者的朋友告诉她不要去看那个女孩的眼睛，不然会倒霉好几年，故选“or”。5．A.happinessB.tirednessC.nervousnessD.lonelinessD解析：根据下文Shesataloneatlunch...walkedhomealone.

可知，作者能看到她眼中的孤独(loneliness)。6．A.talentedB.positiveC.confusedD.disappointedB解析：作者决定去填补那个女孩空虚的内心，让她变得积极(positive)起来。7．A.kindlyB.prou

dlyC.excitedlyD.thankfullyA解析：作者经过走廊时，微笑着和那个女孩亲切地(kindly)打招呼。8．A.secretB.silenceC.surpriseD.detailC解析：作者的

举动让其他学生感到很吃惊，故选“surprise”。9．A.learnedB.explainedC.decidedD.wonderedB解析：女孩对作者敞开了心扉，向她解释(explained)自己作为一个孤儿是如何长大的。1

0．A.advisingB.orderingC.forcingD.encouragingC解析：流言里都说这个女孩强迫作者当她的朋友，但作者否认了，故选“forcing”。11．A.hangoutB.keepupC.fitinD.settledownA解析：作者的同学告诫她不要和欺凌者在一

起玩，故选“hangout”。12．A.simpleB.reasonableC.specialD.terribleD解析：作者认为对欺凌者敬而远之和当欺凌者一样糟糕(terrible)。13．A.followB.hateC.understandD.disturbC解

析：真正的欺凌者是那些不理解(understand)他人，也不试着将心比心的人。14．A.foundB.forgotC.organizedD.recognizedD解析：在最终认可了(recogniz

ed)作者的这番话之后，大家都开始和那个女孩说话了。15．A.relativesB.friendsC.classmatesD.instructorsB解析：大家的看法发生变化后开始和那个女孩说话，并很快成了

她的朋友(friends)。16．A.needB.fearC.guideD.influenceA解析：作者认为欺凌者需要(need)他人来伸出援手。17．A.plansB.choicesC.challengesD.achievementsC解析：

欺凌者需要有人来告诉他们一切都会好起来的，生活中的挑战(challenges)是能够克服的。18．A.startB.stopC.admitD.doubtB解析：根据语境可知，作者愿意站出来结束(stop

)欺凌者们的痛苦。19．A.normalB.honestC.guiltyD.carefulA解析：作者想告诉大家，欺凌者如果愿意，也能变得和其他人一样正常(normal)。20．A.hopeB.comfortC.controlD.

troubleD解析：作者认为，把一个人从困境(trouble)中拯救出来只需要一个微笑和一只手。Ⅲ语法填空Generallyspeaking，thestressonecanbeardependsverym

uch1.theindividual.Somepeoplearenotafraidofstress，andsuchcharactersare2.(obvious)primematerialforresponsibilities.Otherslosehe

artatthefirstsignsofunusual3.(difficulty).Scientificresearchshowsthatwhen4.(expose)tostress，inwhatev

erform，wereactbothchemically5.physically.Infact，wemakeachoicebetween“flight”and“fight”.However，inmoreformerdaysthec

hoices6.(make)thedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.Thedangerwemeettoday7.(be)unlikelytobesoextreme，buthoweverlittlethest

ress，itinvolves8.sameresponse.Itiswhensuchareactionlastslong9.healthbecomesendangered.Suchseriousconditionsashighbloo

dpressureandheartdiseaseshaveestablishedlinkswithstress.Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives，weneedto

findwaysof10.(deal)withit.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了我们该如何面对压力。1．on解析：考查介词。dependon意为“依赖，依靠，取决于”，是固定搭配。2．obviously解析：考查词性转换。谓语动词应用副词修饰。ob

vious的副词为obviously。3．difficulties解析：考查名词单复数。一有不同寻常的困难的事情发生，另一些人就会泄气。此处difficulty表示具体的意义，是可数名词。根据语境可知，此处应用复数形式。

4．exposed解析：考查非谓语动词。动词expose与其逻辑主语we之间构成被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。5．and解析：考查连词。both...and...“既……又……”，是固定搭配。6．made解析：考查时态。本句缺少谓语动词，根据时间状语inmoreformerday

s可知，应使用一般过去时，故填made。7．is解析：考查主谓一致和时态。主语Thedanger表示单数概念，且根据时间状语today和上下文可知，应使用一般现在时。所以谓语动词用is。8．the解析：

考查冠词。same通常与定冠词the连用。9．that解析：考查强调句。本句去掉Itis和空格处剩下的部分是一个完整的句子，故可以判断，本句是一个强调句，强调时间状语，故连接词用that。10．dealing解析：考查非谓语动词。thewayof...意为“做……的方法”后接动名词，故填

dealing。