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陕西省西安中学2021届高三模拟考试英语试题精选汇编阅读理解专题（带解析）陕西省西安中学2021届高三第九次模拟考试英语试题第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C

和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAlayover(临时滞留)orflightdelaycanbeextremelyfunintheseinternationalairports.MunichAirport,GermanyAviation(航空)loverspassingthr

oughMunichcantakeabehind-the-scenestourtolearnhowtheairportoperates.Visitorscanalsotourthreehistoricaircraftandaretiredrescuehelicopter

,climbuptoa28-metrehighobservationplatformforanup-closeviewoftake-offsandlandings,andwatchfilmsonaviationintheairport’s60-seatcinema

.Travelerscanalsokilllayovertimeatan18-holemini-golfcourse,orevenstopinforateethcleaningattheairportdentaloffice.ChangiAirport,SingaporeAfteralongf

lighttoSingapore,travelerscanrelaxinaBalinese-styleswimmingpool,workoutattheairportgym,orenjoyadrinkandlivemusicalperformancesattheairpor

t’sMusicBar.Theairportalsoboastsatranquilbutterflygarden,anda“fragrantgarden”whichishometo15speciesofplantsandtrees.Freemo

viesatoneoftwoairportcinemasalsokeeppassengersentertained.SchipholAmsterdamAirport,theNetherlandsSchipholisEurope’sfifth-largestairport.Herepasse

ngerscanviewtheworksofDutchmastersfreeofcharge,andtrytheirluckatairport’scasino(赌场).YoucanevenhaveyourweddingceremonyatSchiphol—co

uplescanchoosefromfourdifferentweddingpackages,includinga1930-styleceremonyheldonaDakotamilitaryaircraft.S

anFranciscoInternationalAirport,CaliforniaTheairport’s24-hourAirTrainnotonlymovespassengersbetweenterminal,butalsoprovidesafunviewofth

erunways.Therearethreeaquariums(水族馆)toexplore,alongwithinteractiveplayarea,anaviationmuseum,andalibrary.Ifthat’s

notenoughtokeepthelittleonesbusy,travelerscanrentportableDVDplayersandmoviesforuseintheairport.1.WhatcantravelersdoattheMunichAirport?A.Theyc

anhavetheirteethcleaned.B.Theycanwatchfreefilmsinthe28-seatcinema.C.Theycanvisitoneofthreeaquariums.D.Theycanrelaxinaswimmingpool.2.Whichistheun

iquefeatureoftheSchipholAmsterdamAirport?A.Passengerscanseearetiredrescuehelicopter.B.Passengerscanvisit

aMunichmilitaryaircraft.C.Passengerscangetmarriedthere.D.Passengerscanplaygolfthere.3.Whichairportwasdesignedwithkidsinmind?A.MunichAirpor

t.B.ChangiAirport.C.SchipholAmsterdamAirport.D.SanFranciscoInternationalAirport.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了临时滞留或航班延误对你来说可能是很糟糕的事情，但在这些国际机场你也许

会找到很多乐趣。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据MunichAirport,Germany中orevenstopinforateethcleaningattheairportdentaloffice.可知，在慕尼黑机场，旅客可以去清洁牙齿。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Schipho

lAmsterdamAirport,theNetherlands中内容YoucanevenhaveyourweddingceremonyatSchiphol—couplescanchoosefromfourdifferentweddingpackages,includinga

1930－styleceremonyheldonaDakotamilitaryaircraft.可知，旅客可以在阿姆斯特丹机场举行婚礼，故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据SanFranciscoInternation

alAirport,California中Ifthat’snotenoughtokeepthelittleonesbusy,travelerscanrentportableDVDplayersandmoviesforuseintheai

rport.可知，旧金山国家机场是把孩子考虑在内而建造的。故选D。【点睛】文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文

中细节的细微区别。如小题1题干中关键词MunichAirport，然后到文章找到小标题MunichAirport,Germany，再根据最后一句找到相应的信息。BI’ddoneitbefore,andsoIhadnoreaso

ntobelievethatthistimewouldbeanydifferent.IwassurethatwhenIreturnedhomefrommymissiontrip.Asalways,I’dbringbacknothingmoreth

ansomemudonmyboots.Aholeortwoinmyjeansand,ofcourse,alotofgreatmemories.ThesummerbeforemyhighschoolgraduationIwenttoWestVi

rginiawithothersasvolunteerstorepairthehomesofthoseinneed.Arrivingatourdestination,mygroupwasassignedthetask

ofrebuildingsectionsofahomethathadbeendamagedbyfire.Nosoonerhadweparkedonthehome’sdirtdrivewaythanwesaw

anexcitedlittlegirl,nomorethansixyearsold,standinginthedoorwayofthefamily’stemporaryhome.Shoelessandwearingdirtyclothes

andthebiggestsmileI’deverseen,sheyelled,“Ma,Ma,theyreallycame!”Ididn’tknowitthen,buthernamewasDakota,andfourmoredayswouldpassbeforeshe’ds

ayanotherwordnearme.BehindDakotawasawomaninawheelchair—hergrandmother,we’dsoonlearn.Ialsodiscoveredthatmyjobthatweekwouldbetohelpchangea

fire-damageddiningroomintoabedroomforthislittlegirl.Overthefollowingdays,InoticedDakotapeekingatuseverynowand

thenasweworked.Afewtimes,Itriedtalkingwithher,butsheremainedshyanddistant,alwaysflyingarounduslikeatiny

butterflybutkeepingtoherself.Byourfifthandfinalday,however,thiswasabouttochange.BeforeIwenttoworkonherhomeonthatlastmorning,Ispokeforamom

entortwowiththegrandmother.IwasespeciallypleasedwhenshetoldmehowmuchDakotalovedhernewroom—somuch.Aswetalked,Inotice

dsomethingIhadn’tseenbefore—Dakotawashidingbehindhergrandmother.Cautiously,shesteppedintoview,andIcouldseethatjustlik

eherclothes,herfacewasstilldirty.Butnoamountofsoilcouldhidethosebrightblueeyesandthebigsmile.Shewassimplyado

rable.Slowly,shebeganwalkingtowardme.Itwasn’tuntilshewasjustinchesawaythatInoticedthefoldedpieceofpaperinhertinyhand.

Silently,shereachedupandhandedittome.Onceunfolded,Ilookedatthedrawingshe’dmadewithherbrokencrayonsonthebackofanoldcoloringbookcover.Itwasoftwogirl

s—onemuchtallerthantheother—andtheywereholdinghands.Shetoldmeitwassupposedtobemeandher,andonthebottomof

thepaperwerethreelittlewordsthatinstantlybrokemyheart.Nowalmostintears,Icouldn’tcontrolmyselfanymore—Ibentdownandhuggedher.Shehuggedme,too.And

forthelongesttime,neitherofuscouldletgo.Ileftforhomeearlythenextmorning.Iwasreturningwithmuddybootsandholesinmyjea

ns.ButbecauseofDakota,Ibroughtbacksomethingelse,too—agreaterappreciationforallortheblessingsofmylife.I’llneverfo

rgetthatbarefootlittlebutterflywiththebigsmileanddirtyface.Ipraythatshe’llneverforgetmeeither.4.Whatdidtheauthorexpectbe

foretakingthismissiontrip?A.Anexcitingexperience.B.Aroutineresult.C.Aspecialmemory.D.Asurprisingchange.5.Theunderlinedpartm

eansthatthelittlegirl________.A.fearedtotalkwithmeB.desiredtoapproachmeC.resistedacceptingmeD.enjoyedmeetingme6.Whatwereprobablywrittenonthebottomo

fthepaper?A.Enjoyyourhelp.B.Helpme,please.C.Pleasedon’tleave.D.Hugmeclose.7.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyte

llus?A.Onemustlearntosharelifeexperiences.B.Oneoftenwantstoleadameaningfullife.C.Oneshouldbemoregratefulforthegiftoflife.D.Oneoccasionallybene

fitsfromthepoverty.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者和其他人一起去西弗吉尼亚做志愿者，为有需要的人修理房屋，一开始作者认为这将会是一个普通的旅程，

直到遇到了一个害羞的小姑娘，小姑娘最终给了作者一封让她感动的信，这让作者认识到我们要对生活有更多的感激。【4题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“I’ddoneitbefore,andsoIhadnoreasontobelievethatthistimewo

uldbeanydifferent.(我以前做过，所以我没有理由相信这次会有什么不同。)”可知，作者以前做过，所以她没有理由相信这次会有所不同，即会有一个常规的结果。故选B项。【5题详解】句意猜测题。由第三段

中的“Overthefollowingdays,InoticedDakotapeekingatuseverynowandthenasweworked.Afewtimes,Itriedtalkingwithher,butsheremainedshyanddist

ant,alwaysflyingarounduslikeatinybutterflybutkeepingtoherself.(在接下来的几天里，我注意到Dakota在我们工作时不时偷看我们。有几次，我试着和她说话，但她仍然

害羞而疏远，总是像一只小蝴蝶一样在我们身边飞来飞去，但她一直保持沉默。)”可知，小女孩很害羞，会不时偷看作者他们，不怎么说话，说明小女孩害羞，害怕与作者他们交谈。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Shetoldmeitwassupposedtobemean

dher,andonthebottomofthepaperwerethreelittlewordsthatinstantlybrokemyheart.Nowalmostintears,Icouldn’tcontrolmyselfanymore

—Ibentdownandhuggedher.Andforthelongesttime,neitherofuscouldletgo.(她告诉我，应该是我和她，纸底有三个小字，瞬间让我心碎。现在我几乎要哭了，我再也控制不住自己了——我弯下腰拥抱她。在很长一段时间里，我们都无法释怀。)”

可知，这三个字瞬间将作者的心击碎，流着眼泪作者失去控制，弯下腰，拥抱了小女孩，并在本段最后作者写到在之后很长的时间里，他们都无法释怀，C项“请不要离开”，感情更深，更打动人，也更符合情理，小女孩要的不是仅仅是抱一下（抱一下只是作者的自发行为），而是别离开。故选C项。【7

题详解】主旨大意题。由最后一段“Ileftforhomeearlythenextmorning.Iwasreturningwithmuddybootsandholesinmyjeans.ButbecauseofDakota,Ibroughtbacksomethingel

se,too—agreaterappreciationforallortheblessingsofmylife.I’llneverforgetthatbarefootlittlebutterflywiththebigsmileanddirtyface.Ipra

ythatshe’llneverforgetmeeither.(第二天一早我就动身回家了。我穿着泥泞的靴子回来，牛仔裤上有洞。但是因为Dakota，我也带回了一些别的东西——对我生命中的所有或祝福的更大的感激。我永远也忘不了那只光着脚，满脸笑容，脏兮兮的小蝴蝶。我祈祷她也永远不

会忘记我。)”可知，通过这次志愿活动，作者对自己生命中的所有或祝福有更大的感激，C项“一个人应该对生命的馈赠更加感激”符合文意，是本文的主旨。故选C项。CTakealookatyourfingers.WouldyoubelievemeifItoldyouthatthelengthofyourfin

gersinrelationtooneanothercanpredictyourpersonality?IknowthatitsoundslikeoneofthosesillytestsyouseeonFacebook,butIhavet

oadmitthatitwasspot-onforme.Lookatyourthreemiddlefingersofyourlefthand.Isyourindexfinger(食指)longerthanyourringfinger?Isyourringfingerlongerthanyo

urindexfinger?Orarethetwothesamelength?Category1:Alongerringfinger.Ifyourringfingerislongerthanyourindexfinger,research

showsthatyou’relikelyacharmingtype,andyoucanprobablytalkyourselfoutofanysituation.Othersoftenfindthispersonalitytypeirresistibleandwillgotogre

atlengthstohelpyou.You’remorelikelytotakerisks,andyou’regoodatproblem-solving.Peopleinthiscategorymakegreatengineers,soldiersan

dcrossword-puzzlesolvers.Category2:Alongerindexfinger.Ifyourindexfingerislongerthanyourringfinger,chancesareyouarefull

ofconfidence—possiblyeventothepointofbeingover-confidentandtooproud.Youarenotnecessarilyintroverted,butyoudoenjoytimetoyourselfespecial

lywhenyou’retryingtocompleteaproject.Youareadeterminedgo-getterwhocanmakethingshappen,butyoumaybeshywhenitcomesto

takingthefirststepinbuildingupafriendship.Youarealsoprobablyhappywithwhatyouhave,butyou’realwayswishingformore.Category3:Thetwoarethe

samelength.Ifyourindexfingerandringfingerareroughlythesamelength,youarelikelytoavoidconflictatallcostsandseektokeepthepeaceiny

ourrelationships.Youarewell-organized,faithfulandsympathetic.Butdeepdownunderallofthatcaringandpeace-loving,youalsohaveafierycore(暴躁的本质)andc

anlashoutunexpectedlywhenyou’repushedtoofar.Howwelldidthesedescriptionsmatchyourpersonality?Iwassurprisedattheaccuracyinmycase

.8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.NeverbelievethesillytestsonFacebook.B.Thelengthoffingerscanrevealpersonality

.C.Whyyourfingersarenotofthesamelength.D.Howtofindoutaboutone’spersonalityaccurately.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spot-on”inParagraph1mean?A.Veryfunn

y.B.Quiteeasy.C.Exactlycorrect.D.Completelystrange.10.Accordingtothepassage,peoplewithalongerringfin

gertendtobe________.A.cautiousB.catchingC.hard-workingD.warm-hearted11.Whichisasuitablematchfor“Category3”people?A.Thesw

eettalker.B.Theself-importantone.C.Theintrovert.D.Thepeacemaker.【答案】8.B9.C10.B11.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们

通过对一个人五个手指的长短以及相互比较来发现其性格特征。【8题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段“Takealookatyourfingers.WouldyoubelievemeifItoldyouthatthelengthofyourfin

gersinrelationtooneanothercanpredictyourpersonality?IknowthatitsoundslikeoneofthosesillytestsyouseeonFa

cebook,butIhavetoadmitthatitwasspot-onforme.(看看你的手指。如果我告诉你手指的长度可以预测你的性格，你会相信我吗？我知道这听起来像是你在Facebook上看到的那些愚蠢的测试

之一，但我不得不承认，这对我来说是恰到好处的。)”和下文关于三类手指暗示不同的性格特征可知，文章主要讲人们通过对一个人无名指与食指之间的长短关系比较，来发现其性格特征和职业方向，B项“手指的长度可以显

示个性”符合文意。故选B项。【9题详解】词义猜测题。由第一段“Takealookatyourfingers.WouldyoubelievemeifItoldyouthatthelengthofyourfingersinrelationtooneanother

canpredictyourpersonality?IknowthatitsoundslikeoneofthosesillytestsyouseeonFacebook,butIhavetoadmitthatitwasspot-onforme.(看看你的手指。如果我告诉你手指的长度可以预测你的性格，

你会相信我吗？我知道这听起来像是你在Facebook上看到的那些愚蠢的测试之一，但我不得不承认，这对我来说是spot-on。)”可知，作者提问如果他告诉你手指的长度可以预测你的性格，你会相信他吗，虽然这看起来有点蠢，但结合作者下文对三类手指暗示不同的性格特征的描述可知，作者是相信手指的长度可以预测

人的性格的，这对作者来说是完全正确的，spot-on在此处意为“完全正确”。故选C项。【10题详解】细节理解题。由第三段中的“Ifyourringfingerislongerthanyourindexfinger,researc

hshowsthatyou’relikelyacharmingtype,andyoucanprobablytalkyourselfoutofanysituation.(如果你的无名指比食指长，研究表明，你很可能是一个迷人的类型，你可能

会说服自己摆脱任何情况。)”可知，无名指较长的人往往是吸引人的类型。故选B项。【11题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Category3:Thetwoarethesamelength.Ifyourindexfinger

andringfingerareroughlythesamelength,youarelikelytoavoidconflictatallcostsandseektokeepthepeaceinyourrelationships.(第三类：两者长度相同。如果你的食

指和无名指的长度大致相同，你很可能不惜一切代价避免冲突，并寻求在人际关系中保持和平。)”可知，“3类”人群会不惜一切代价避免冲突，并寻求在人际关系中保持和平，这类人往往不愿意得罪人，应该是和事佬。故选D项。DAfewplantsinthecabba

geandmustard(芥菜)familypayadramaticpricetofightoffhungrycaterpillars(毛毛虫):theykilloffpatchesoftheirownleaveswherebutterflieshave

laideggs.Withoutalivinganchor,theeggswrinkleanddie.Theseplants’egg-killingabilitieshavebeendocumentedsin

ceatleastthe1980s,butanewstudyshowstheyappearinjustafewcloselyrelatedplantsinthisfamily—andtheyaretriggeredonlybycertainbutterflyspecies.Nin

aFatourosofWageningenUniversityintheNetherlandsandhercolleaguesinvestigated31plantspeciesinthetargetfamily.First,theydabbedtheplants’leavesw

ithliquidthathadbeenexposedtoeggmaterialfromabutterflyspeciesknowntolayeggsonthem.Fourcloselyrelatedplan

tspeciesreliablykilledoffthetreatedleafpatches.Furthertestsconfirmedthatthespecieswiththemostdistinctresponseonlyreactedstronglywhentheeggmaterialc

amefromonegroupofbutterflies,Pieris,whichlayseggsontheseplantsinthewild.Thisis“clearevidence”thatspecificbutterflyspeciesco

uldhavestimulatedtheevolutionofthenecrosis(坏死)defense,Fatourossays.Theresearchersalsotrackedeggslaidbywildbutterfliestoconfirmthedefe

nsemechanism.TheworkwasdetailedinNewPhytologist.“It’sveryunlikelythatyoufindthisbycoincidence,”saysUni

versityofSheffieldmolecularplantbiologistJurriaanTon,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Headdsthattheplants

’relatedness,coupledwiththeirexaggeratedreactiontothesebutterflies,suggestsaheatedevolutionary“armsra

ce”tookplacebetweentheplantsandinsects.“Thisisthefirststudytomyknowledgewheretheyreallylookedattheappearanceofthistraitwithinaparticularplantfami

ly,”saysecologistJuliaKoricheva,whowasalsonotinvolvedinthework.Futureresearchcouldexplorehowrecentlythetraitevol

ved,Fatourossays.Shenotesthatarmsracesrarelyend—andevidencesuggeststhebutterfliesmaybefightingback.Someprefe

rtolaytheireggsintightlygroupedclusters(丛),makingthemlesslikelytobeinfluencedbytheplants’strategy.12.Whatisspecialabou

tNinaFatouros’study?A.Itfoundtheplants’egg-killingabilitiesforthefirsttime.B.Itpointedoutthepriceplantspaidtodefendthemselves.C.Itdisco

veredanewspeciesofegg-killingplants.D.Itnarroweddowntherangeoftheplant-butterflyinteraction.13.Whywasthespecialliquidmentionedinpara

graph2appliedtotheplants’leaves?A.Toseewhethertheywouldsacrificetheirleaves.B.Tostimulatetheirdefensemechanism.C.Tofindoutwhichspecie

sreactedmoststronglytotheliquid.D.Totrackeggslaidbywildbutterflies.14.WhatwasJurriaanTon’sattitudetowardsthen

ewstudy?A.Indifferent.B.Approving.C.Disapproving.D.Skeptical.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.SurvivalstrategiesofplantsB.Evolutionofplan

tsagainsthungrycaterpillarsC.Killerleavesemergefromplant-butterflyarmsraceD.Therelatednessofplantsandbutterflies

【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了有几种植物会强制沾染了虫子的叶子死亡以保护自己这件事。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Theseplants’egg-killingabilitieshavebeendoc

umentedsinceatleastthe1980s,butanewstudyshowstheyappearinjustafewcloselyrelatedplantsinthisfamily—andtheyaret

riggeredonlybycertainbutterflyspecies.(这些植物杀死卵子的能力至少从20世纪80年代就有了记载，但一项新的研究表明，它们只出现在这个家族中少数近亲植物中——而且只由特定的蝴蝶物种触发)”可知，NinaFatouros的研究缩小了植物与蝴蝶相互作用的范

围。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“First,theydabbedtheplants’leaveswithliquidthathadbeenexposedtoeggmaterialfromabutterflyspeciesknowntolayeggsonthem.Fourc

loselyrelatedplantspeciesreliablykilledoffthetreatedleafpatches.(首先，他们将接触过一种蝴蝶卵的液体涂在植物的叶子上，这种蝴蝶已知会在植物上产卵。四种密切相关的植物确实杀死了处理过的叶斑)”可知，第2段中提到

的特殊液体用于植物的叶子，看它们是否会牺牲叶子。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段““It’sveryunlikelythatyoufindthisbycoincidence,”saysUniv

ersityofSheffieldmolecularplantbiologistJurriaanTon,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Headdsthattheplants’relatedness,coupledwiththeirexaggeratedreacti

ontothesebutterflies,suggestsaheatedevolutionary“armsrace”tookplacebetweentheplantsandinsects.(谢菲尔德大学的分子植物生物学家JurriaanTon没有参与这项研究，他说：“这不大可能是巧合。”他

补充说，植物之间的亲缘关系，加上它们对这些蝴蝶的夸张反应，表明植物和昆虫之间发生了一场激烈的进化“军备竞赛”)”可知，JurriaanTon用幽默诙谐的话表达了自己认为这个发现不太可能是巧合。由此可知，他对于这项新的研究持赞成

的态度。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Theseplants’egg-killingabilitieshavebeendocumentedsinceatleastthe1980s,butanewstudyshowstheyappearinjustafewcloselyrelat

edplantsinthisfamily—andtheyaretriggeredonlybycertainbutterflyspecies.(这些植物杀死卵子的能力至少从20世纪80年代就有了记载，但

一项新的研究表明，它们只出现在这个家族中少数近亲植物中——而且只由特定的蝴蝶物种触发)”可知，文章主要讲述了有几种植物会强制沾染了虫子的叶子死亡以保护自己这件事。故选C。陕西省西安中学2021届高三第八次模拟考试英语试题阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳

选项。AAuctions(拍卖)forfineartanddecorativeartsareeverywhere,inNewYorkandacrossthecountry.Herearejustafewstandoutsandsomeoft

heareastheyspecializein.Allhavebrick-and-mortarsalesroomsinadditiontoonlinebuying.DOYLENEWYORKFounded:1962Bestbets:painting

s,jewelry,single-ownercollectionsDoyleisparticularlyproudofbringinginexcellentestatesthatincludemanykindsofworks.Thehousewillofferitemsfromtheesta

tesofLiliandNormanIsrael,includingapairofChineseporcelainFuLionsonormolubases(estimatedat$7,000to$10,000).SWANNAUCTIONGALLERIESHeadquarters:NewY

ork,NYFounded:1941Bestbets:books,worksonpaper,African-AmericanartSwannwasthefirstauctionhousetosellol

dandpreciousphotographsin1952.ThehousehasalsohadadepartmentofAfrican-Americanartfor12years,settingrecordslikethe$965,000paidin2015forapaintingb

ytheAbstractExpressionistNormanLewis.STAIRGALLERIESHeadquarters:Hudson,NYFounded:2001Bestbets:EnglishandContinentalfurnitur

eandpaintingsStaironHudson’smaindrag,isfrequentedbydealersandbargainhunters,andit’saplacetofindinteresti

ngdecorativeartslikeaGeorgeIcarvedwalnutwingarmchairestimatedat$1,200to$1.800.Stairwillsellalargeprivatecollectionthatinc

ludesFulvioBianconi’s“ConMacchieVase”withanestimateof$90,000to$120,000.HERITAGEAUCTIONSHeadquarters:Dallas,TXFounded:1983Bestbets:coi

ns,sportsmemorabilia,comics,moviepostersHeritageearned$438millionlastyearinonlinesalesalone,andthefirmnowconductsliveaucti

onsacrosstheglobeandmanycategories.Buttheirbreadandbutterareitemsthatthecompanypresident,GregRohan,calls“thekindsofthings

thateveryonehas”,likecomicbooks,baseballcardsandclassicfilmposters.1.Whichauctionhouseisagoodplaceforfurniturecollectors?A.Sta

irGalleries.B.SwannAuctionGalleries.C.DoyleNewYork.D.HeritageAuctions.2.WhatisthefeatureofHeritageAuctions?A.Itonlyconductsonlinesales.B.Itsells

itemsfromordinarylife.C.Ithasvaluableitemsfromtheworld.D.Itprovidesmanykindsofbreadandbutter.3.Whichofthefollowingitemshasthehighestprice?A.

ChineseporcelainFuLions.B.AGeorgeIcarvedwalnutwingarmchair.C.FulvioBianconi’s“ConMacchieVase”.D.AnAb

stractExpressionistpaintingbyNormanLewis.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了美国一些拍卖会的具体信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中STAIRGALLERIES部分的“

Bestbets:EnglishandContinentalfurnitureandpaintings”可知家具是StairGalleries的主打商品。对于家具收藏家来说，StairGalleries是最好的去处。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中HERITAGEAUCTIONS

部分的“Buttheirbreadandbutterareitemsthatthecompanypresident,GregRohan,calls‘thekindsofthingsthateveryo

nehas’…”可知，HeritageAuctions的主要收入来源是公司总裁GregRohan所说的“人人都有的东西”，即普通生活的东西，这是它的特色。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中的DOYLENEW

YORK中“FuLionsonormolubases(estimatedat$7,000to$10,000)”，SWANNAUCTIONGALLERIES中“settingrecordslikethe$965,000paidin2015forapaintingbytheAb

stractExpressionistNormanLewis”，STAIRGALLERIES中“aGeorgeIcarvedwalnutwingarmchair,estimatedat$1,200to$1,80

0”以及STAIRGALLERIES中的“FulvioBianconi’s‘ConMacchieVase’withanestimateof$90,000to$120,000”可知，通过对比，AnAbstractExpressionistpaintingbyNormanLewis的一幅抽象表现

主义的绘画作品价格最高，96万5千美金。故选D。【点睛】BChina’sTianwen1Marsprobe(探测器)conducteditsfourthorbitalcorrectiononFridayevening

,asthespacecraftmakesreadyforitsarrivalinorbitaroundFeb.10,accordingtotheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration.ThenamecomesfromthelongpoemTianwe

n,meaningHeavenlyQuestionsorQuestionstoHeaven,writtenbyQuYuan,oneofthegreatestpoetsofancientChina.InTianwen,thisn

ameconveystheChinesenation’ssteadyeffortinpursuingtruthandcultureofexploringnatureandtheuniverse.CNSAalsounveiled(发布)thel

ogoofChina’splanetaryexplorationmissions,featuringtheletterC,signifyingChina,internationalcooperationandcapacityofenteringspace.

TianwenIhasflownfor197daysandmorethan465millionkilometersonitsjourneytotheplanet.Itisnowaround184millionkmfromEarthandI.Imilli

onkmfromMars.Dependingonthetwoplanets’orbits,Marsisbetween55and400millionkmfromEarth.MarsprobeTianwenIisseeninits

firstselfiesinspaceonOct.1,2020.Theadministrationalsopublishedablack-and-whitepictureofMarstakenbyTianwenI,thefirstsna

pshot(抓拍的照片)fromtheChinesecraft.TianwenI,thecountry’sfirstindependentMarsmission,waslaunchedbyaLongMarch5heavy-lif

tcarrierrocketonJuly23fromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanprovince,kickingoffthenation’splanetarye

xplorationprogram.AsuccessfullandingwouldmakeChinaonlythesecondnationtoplaceaspacecraftontheMartianplanet.

Chinawouldalsobethefirsttosuccessfullyorbit,landanddeploy(部署)avehicleinthesamemission.Accordingtoexperts,s

earchingforsignsoflifeonMarswillbethefirstandforemostscientificgoal.Chinaisopenandinclusiveinthedevelopmentofitsspacetechnologynotleastbeca

useitbelievesthattheexplorationofouterspaceshouldhelpbuildacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind.4.WhyisQuYuan’spoemm

entionedinthetext?A.Totelltheoriginofspaceexploration.B.Todescribespaceexplorationvividly.C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofspaceexplor

ation.D.ToshowChinesecontinuousstruggleinspaceexploration.5.ThemainideaofParagraph3isaboutTianwenI’s____

____.A.functionB.developmentC.operationD.structure6.WhatistheessentialgoalofexploringMars?A.Tobuildacommonfutureforman.B.Toproveourachievementinsp

aceresearch.C.Todiscoversignsoflifeonthisplanet.D.Toexpandtheunderstandingofthespace.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.LetterCLogosymbolizescr

eationbetweencountries.B.ChinawasthefirstnationtolandaspacecraftonMars.C.TianwenImadeitsfifthorbitalcorrectionar

oundFeb.10.D.TianwenIstartedanewchapterinChineseplanetaryexploration.【答案】4.D5.C6.C7.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是中国“天文一号”火星探测器进行了第四次轨道

修正，2月10日宇宙飞船准备到达轨道，中国在空间技术发展上外空探索所取得的成就。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ThenamecomesfromthelongpoemTianwen,meaningHeavenlyQuestionsorQuestionstoH

eaven,writtenbyQuYuan,oneofthegreatestpoetsofancientChina.InTianwen,thisnameconveystheChinesenation’ssteadyeffortinpursuingtruthandc

ultureofexploringnatureandtheuniverse.”这个名字来自中国古代最伟大的诗人之一屈原写的长诗《天问》，意思是向天提问。“天文”这个名字，体现了中华民族对真理的不懈追求和探索自然、宇宙的文化。可知文中提到屈原的诗是为了表现中国人在太空探索中的不断奋斗

。故选D。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“TianwenIhasflownfor197daysandmorethan465millionkilometersonitsjourneytotheplanet.Itisnowaround184millionkmfromEart

handI.ImillionkmfromMars.Dependingonthetwoplanets’orbits,Marsisbetween55and400millionkmfromEarth.MarsprobeTianwenIisse

eninitsfirstselfiesinspaceonOct.1,2020.”飞船已经飞行了197天，行程超过4.65亿公里。它现在距离地球约1.84亿公里，距离火星约1亿公里。根据这两颗行星的轨道，火

星距离地球5500万到4亿公里。2020年10月1日，火星探测器“天文一号”在太空中首次自拍。可知第三段主要讲解的是飞船的运行状况。故选C项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“According

toexperts,searchingforsignsoflifeonMarswillbethefirstandforemostscientificgoal.”专家表示，在火星上寻找生命迹象将是首要的科学目标。可知来发现这个星球上的生命迹象是探索火星的基本目标。故

选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“AsuccessfullandingwouldmakeChinaonlythesecondnationtoplaceaspacecraftontheMar

tianplanet.Chinawouldalsobethefirsttosuccessfullyorbit,landanddeploy(部署)avehicleinthesamemission.”如如果着陆成功，中国将成为第二个在火星上发射宇宙飞船的国家

。中国也将是第一个在同一任务中成功进入轨道、着陆和部署运载器的国家。以及“Chinaisopenandinclusiveinthedevelopmentofitsspacetechnologynotleastbec

auseitbelievesthattheexplorationofouterspaceshouldhelpbuildacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind.”中国在空间技术发展上

是开放包容的，认为探索外空是构建人类命运共同体的重要理念。可知“天文一号”开启了中国行星探索的新篇章。故选D项。CAnewstudy,publishedinTheJournalofExperimentalPsychologyfoun

dthatcommunicationinteractionsthatincludedvoice,likeaphonecallorvideochat,createdstrongersocialbondsthancommunicationthroughtyping,liketex

tmessagingoremail.Inthestudy,researchersusedvariousexperimentstogaugeconnectedness.Inone,theyasked200peopletomakepredictionsab

outwhatitwouldbeliketoreconnectwithanoldfriendbyemailorbyphoneandthenassignedpeopleatrandomtodooneortheother.Althoughpeople

anticipatedthataphonecallwouldbemoreawkward,hearingsomeone'svoiceactuallymadetheexperiencebetter.However,peop

lewhoparticipatedintheexperimentreportedthattheydidformasignificantlystrongerbondwiththeiroldfriendon

thephoneversusemail,andtheydidnotfeelmoreawkward.Inanotherexperiment,theresearchershadstrangersconnectedbyeithertexting,talking

overvideochat,ortalkingusingonlyaudio.Theyfoundthatbothformsofvoicecommunication—whethervideooraudioonly—

madethestrangersfeelsignificantlymoreconnectedthanwhentheycommunicatedviatext.SabrinaRomanoff,aHarvard

trainedclinicalpsychologistbasedinNewYorkCity,sayspeopletendtotextoremailinsteadofcallingbecauseofconvenience,asthey

seeitasacontrolledformofcommunicationwheretheycan"correspondinformationexactlyinthewaytheyintendwithoutunexpectedadditionsbyth

eotherperson."Romanoffsaysthatinreality,textingcanmakeithardtodeterminethetruemeaningbehindaconversation.Aphonecallisactuallymoreconvenientwh

enconsideringtheneteffectsofthemessage.Eachpartyismorepresent,andtherefore,abletogaugethemeaningbehindthecontentwithoutruminatingonthee

ndlesspossiblemeaningsbehindwordsandpunctuation.8.Whatisthepurposeofthestudy?A.Toencouragepeopletolettheirfingersdothetalking.B.Tointr

oducetheeffectsofverbalandnon-verbalcommunications.C.Todemonstratethestrengthsandweaknessesofmakingphonecalls.D.Tocompareconnectednessofcommunica

tionthroughvoiceandtyping.9.Whichwaywillmakeyoufeelmoreconnectedifyoumissafriendfaraway?A.Typingaletter.B.Sendinganemail.C.Havingavideocha

t.D.Textingamessage.10.Whatdoes"acontrolledformofcommunication"refertoinParagraph4?A.Awaytotalkaboutcontrolledtopics.B.A

waytocommunicatewithouttimelimit.C.Awaytoexplainsomethingwithoutdelay.D.Awaytoexpressthoughtswithoutbeingdisturbed.11.What

advantagedoesmakingphonecallsovertexting?A.Beingmoreformal.B.Beinglessawkward.C.Beingmorestraightforward.D.Beinglessexpensive【答案】8.D9

.C10.D11.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究发现，包括语音在内的交流互动，如电话或视频聊天，比打字，如短信或电子邮件，能产生更强的社会联系。文章还介绍了这项研究的开展过程以及研究发现。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Anewstudy,publ

ishedinTheJournalofExperimentalPsychologyfoundthatcommunicationinteractionsthatincludedvoice,likeaphonecallorvideochat,cre

atedstrongersocialbondsthancommunicationthroughtyping,liketextmessagingoremail.(发表在《实验心理学杂志》上的一项新研究发现，包括语音在内的交流互动，如电话或视频聊天，比打字，如短信或电

子邮件，能产生更强的社会联系)”以及第二段中“Inthestudy,researchersusedvariousexperimentstogaugeconnectedness.(在这项研究中，研究人员使用了各种实验来衡量连通性)”可知，这项研究的目的是比较语音和打字沟通的连通性。故选D

。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inone,theyasked200peopletomakepredictionsaboutwhatitwouldbeliketoreconnectwithanol

dfriendbyemailorbyphoneandthenassignedpeopleatrandomtodooneortheother.Althoughpeopleanticipatedthataphonecallwouldbemoreaw

kward,hearingsomeone'svoiceactuallymadetheexperiencebetter.(在一项研究中，他们让200人预测通过电子邮件或电话与老朋友重新联系是什么感觉，然后随机分配这些人去做其中之一。虽然人

们认为打电话会更尴尬，但听到别人的声音实际上会让通话感觉更好)”可知，如果你想念远方的朋友，视频聊天这种方式会让你们感觉更亲近。故选C。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“correspondinformationexact

lyinthewaytheyintendwithoutunexpectedadditionsbytheotherperson(完全按照自己的意图对应信息，而不会被对方意外补充)”可知，“一种受控制的交流

形式”指的是一种不受干扰的表达思想的方式。故选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Romanoffsaysthatinreality,textingcanmakeithardtodeterminethetruemeaningbehindaconversation.

Aphonecallisactuallymoreconvenientwhenconsideringtheneteffectsofthemessage.Eachpartyismorepresent,andth

erefore,abletogaugethemeaningbehindthecontentwithoutruminatingontheendlesspossiblemeaningsbehindwordsandpunctuation.(Romano

ff说，在现实生活中，发短信会让人很难判断谈话背后的真实意思。考虑到信息的净效应，打电话实际上更方便。每一方都更在场，因此，能够衡量内容背后的意义，而不必推敲词和标点背后的无尽可能含义)”可知，相比发短信，打电话的优势在于更直截了当。故选C。DAli

ving,bio-degradable(可生物降解的)fabricnamed"Biogarmentry"hasbeeninvented.Madefromalgae(藻)thetextile(纺织品)purifiestheairarounditthr

oughphotosynthesis(光合作用).Researchersclaimit’sthefirstlivingtextile,andhavefashionedthematerialintosheer,c

loak-likegarment.Whileprototypes(雏形)likethesearestillintheearlystagesofresearchanddesign,andfarfrommassproduction,theychalleng

ethefashionindustrytoreimaginewaysitcanreduceitslargecarbonfootprintthroughalternativefabrics.Fashionisoneoftheworld'sm

ostpollutingindustries.It'sresponsibleformorecarbonemissionsthaninternationalflightsandshippingcombined,amounting

to10%ofallgreenhousegassesemittedglobally.Thecropstraditionallyusedtomakeclothingabsorbcarbonastheygrow,butmostnaturalmaterialsarestillcarbone

mitters.TakeasingleT-shirtmadeofcottonasanexample.Theestimatedfootprintofacottonshirtoveritslifetimeis15kilograms(33pounds)ofcarbondioxide,withmost

ofthatemittedduringtheenergy-intensiveproductionanddyeing(染色)processes.Inrecentyears,environmentalstart-upshaveproposedanumberofalterna

tivenaturalfibres,manyOfwhichhavethepotentialtosequestercarbonbutnonehavebeenshowntoachievezeroemissions.Asa

lgaehastheabilitytotrapcarbon,acarbon-negativeraincoatmadeofmarinealgaehasbeencreated.Algae-basedmaterialsare,currently,whereele

ctricvehicletechnologieswereadecadeago.Thetechnologyisnowreadyforprimetime.Whentheresultinggarmentsarecommerciallyavailable,wecanimaginep

eoplewearingtheirownorganiccloak,sprayingtheirorganismastheygotoworkandencouragingtheiralgaetopurifyt

heair.12.What'sthetextmainlyabout?A.Atextilehelpingpurifyair.B.Anindustrycausingpollution.C.Awaytoachievezero-emission.D.Atre

ndinthefashionindustry.13.Whichofthefollowingisthemostenvironmentally-friendly?A.Aninternationalflight.B.Clothingmadeofcotton.C.Apetrol-poweredve

hicle.D.AraincoatmadeOfalgae.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sequester"inParagraph4probablymean?A.Increase.B.Create.C.Capture.D.Release.

15.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoalgae-basedmaterials?A.SkepticalB.Optimistic.C.Conservative.D.Objective.【答案】12

.A13.D14.C15.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种有助于净化空气的纺织品——生物纺织。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Aliving,bio-degradablefabricnamed"Biogarmentry"hasbeeninvented

.Madefromalgaethetextilepurifiestheairarounditthroughphotosynthesis.(人们发明了一种活的、生物可降解的织物，名为“生物纺织”。这种纺织品由藻类制成，通过光合作用净化周围的空气)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要

介绍了一种有助于净化空气的纺织品。故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Madefromalgaethetextilepurifiestheairarounditthroughphotosynthesis.(这种纺织品由藻类制成，通过光合作用净化周围

的空气)”以及最后一段“Asalgaehastheabilitytotrapcarbon,acarbon-negativeraincoatmadeofmarinealgaehasbeencreated.(由于海藻具有捕获碳的能力，一种由海藻制成的负碳雨

衣问世了)”可判断，一件由海藻制成的雨衣最环保。故选D项。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Inrecentyears,environmentalstart-upshaveproposedanumberofalternativen

aturalfibres,manyOfwhichhavethepotentialtosequestercarbonbutnonehavebeenshowntoachievezeroemissions.Asalgaehastheabilitytotrapc

arbon,acarbon-negativeraincoatmadeofmarinealgaehasbeencreated.(近年来，环保初创企业提出了许多替代天然纤维的方案，其中许多具有隔离碳的潜力，但没有一种能够实现零排放。由于海藻具有

捕获碳的能力，一种由海藻制成的负碳雨衣问世了)”可知，企业提出了很多替代天然纤维的方案，尽管有潜力，但依旧不能实现零排放，而海藻具备捕获碳的能力。因此sequester与trap意思相近，意为“捕获”。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Whentheresultinggarm

entsarecommerciallyavailable,wecanimaginepeoplewearingtheirownorganiccloak,sprayingtheirorganismastheygotoworkandencouragingtheiralgaetop

urifytheair.(当生产出来的衣服上市时，我们可以想象人们穿着他们自己的有机斗篷，在上班的时候喷洒他们的有机物，鼓励他们的藻类净化空气)”可判断，作者对藻类材料持积极态度。故选B项。陕西省西安中学2021届高三第七次模拟考试英语试题阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A

、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AEurailPassesEverdreamedoftravelingaroundEurope?Ifso,thenthereareseveraltypesofEurailpasses

availableforunlimitedrailtravelinupto33countries.Whichoneisbestforyou?EurailGlobalPassTheEurailGlobalPa

ssisthestandardpass,availableforunlimitedfirst-classtravelforcontinuousperiodsrangingfrom15daystothreemonths.Keepinmindthatifyouchoose,say,the15-day

option,youmusttravelfor15continuousdays;ifyouskipadaybecauseyouwanttostayalittlelongerinParis,you’lllosethatdayof

travel.EurailGlobalPassFlexiIfyou’replanningtospendafewdaysineachcitybeforemovingon,theEurailGlobalPassFleximaybeabetteroption.Thispassoffersfirst

classtravelforany10or15dayswithinatwo-monthperiod.Thetraveldayscanbecontinuousornon-continuous;thechoiceisyours.EurailSelectPassesWhileEurailGlobalPa

ssesareidealforextensivemultinationaltransportation,travelerswhoarevisitingonlythreetofivecountriesmaybebett

eroffpurchasingaEurailSelectPass.Withthis,youmaychoosetotravelwithinthree,fourorfiveborderingEuropeancountr

iesforadurationoffive,six,eightor10dayswithinatwo-monthperiod.Ifselectingfivecountries,youalsohavetheoptionof15traveldays.The28diff

erentcountriesavailableallowforhundredsofdifferentcombinations.YouthPassTravelersbetweentheagesof12and26cansave35percentbypurchasin

gtheYouthPass,whichessentiallyprovidesthesamebenefitsastheregularEurailGlobalPass,exceptthatyoutravelinsecondclassrather

thanfirstclass.Passesforchildren4–11costhalfoftheadultfare,andchildrenunder4travelfree.1.HowistheEurailGloba

lPassFlexidifferentfromtheEurailGlobalPass?A.Itismoreflexible.B.Itismorereliable.C.Itisavailableinmorecountries.D.Itoffer

smoretraveldays.2.WhatisaEurailSelectPasssuitablefor?A.Travelingthrough28differentcountries.B.Travelingforfiveto10daysin10countries.C.Travelingfor

15daysinthreetofivecountries.D.Travelingthroughthreetofiveneighboringcountries.3.WhichtypeofEurailpassprovidesnofirst-classtravel?A.TheEurailSelectP

ass.B.TheYouthPass.C.TheEurailGlobalPass.D.TheEurailGlobalPassFlexi.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几种不同类型的EurailPasses，可提供在多达

33个国家无限制的铁路旅行。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据“EurailGlobalPass”部分中“Keepinmindthatifyouchoose,say,the15-dayoption,youmusttravelfor15cont

inuousdays;”（记住，如果你选择了15天的旅行，你必须连续旅行15天）根据“EurailGlobalPassFlexi”部分中“Thispassoffersfirstclasstravelforany10or

15dayswithinatwo-monthperiod.Thetraveldayscanbecontinuousornon-continuous;thechoiceisyours.”（这张通行证提供两个月内任何10或1

5天的头等舱机票。旅行日可以是连续的，也可以是非连续的，选择权在你。）可知，EurailGlobalPassFlexi相比EurailGlobalPass而言，时间上更有灵活性。选项A与文意相符，故选A。2.细节理解题。根据

“EurailSelectPasses”部分中“WhileEurailGlobalPassesareidealforextensivemultinationaltransportation,travelerswhoarevisitingonlythreetof

ivecountriesmaybebetteroffpurchasingaEurailSelectPass.Withthis,youmaychoosetotravelwithinthree,fourorfiveborderingEuropeanco

untriesforadurationoffive,six,eightor10dayswithinatwo-monthperiod.”（虽然EurailGlobalPasses是广泛跨国运输的理想选择，但是对于只想去三到五个国家

的旅行者最好还是选择EurailSelectPass。有了这个，你可以选择在三个，四个或五个与欧洲接壤的国家，在两个月内旅行五，六，八或十天。）可知，使用EurailSelectPass，旅行者可以在与欧洲接壤

的国家旅行三到五个国家。选项D与文意相符，故选D。3.细节理解题。根据“YouthPass”部分中“Travelersbetweentheagesof12and26cansave35percentbypurchasingtheYo

uthPass,whichessentiallyprovidesthesamebenefitsastheregularEurailGlobalPass,exceptthatyoutravelinsecondclassratherthanfirstcla

ss.”（年龄在12岁到26岁之间的旅行者可以通过购买YouthPass节省35%的费用，YouthPass基本上提供了与普通EurailGlobalPass相同的好处，只是你乘坐的是二等舱而不是头等舱。）可知，YouthPass不提供头等舱。选项B与文意相符，故选B。BMydocto

rtookmeforawalkaroundthefarmwhereshelives.Iwasphysicallyandemotionallyexhaustedanddiscouragedbyanxietyanddepression.Theplacewasfullofl

ife.Therewereinsects,horses,rabbitsandacat.Shetoldmetofocusonmybodyintheenvironment.WhenIwasill,Itendedt

oretreatintomymindanddisconnectfromhereandnow.So,whenImetahorsenamedFira,Iexpectednothing.AsIgotclosertoFira,shenuzzled

hernoseintomychest,puttingagentlepressureovermyheart.Somethinghappenedinsideme:IfeltasifIhadreachedawellspringofpasthu

rts,fearsandfailings.Ibegantomeltemotionally.IpattedFira’snoseandbreathedinhersmell.IfoundIdidn’thavetoconcentrateonfeelingbetter;Firahelpedm

efeellovedandsafe.IworkedwithFiraoften,learningbasiccommunicationandleadingmethodstoworktogetherwithher.Initially,Iwasn’tsureexactlywhatonewould

dowithahorseexceptridingit.ButIknewthatFirahadtouchedmeinanuncommonwayandhadmademefeelbetter.Sheconnectedwithmebyrespondingtomyemotionals

tateandreflectingitbacktomeinanopen,affectionateway.InmymeetingswithFira,IfoundthatIlostmyusualself-consciousness,andIwouldfocusentirelyoncommunica

ting.Ilearnedtoliveinthepresent,tofocusonwhatwashappeningthisday,inthismoment,inthisplace.Ilearnedto

forgetthepast,withallitshurts.Ilearnedtoforgetthefuture,whichhasn’thappenedyet.Whenyoustandbesideahorse,youexistcompletelyinthem

oment.WithFirabymyside,Isawintoalifeinwhichtrustcomesfirst,andcompassionfollows.Ifoundadeeppeaceinleadingheralongapath,b

yusingmyownpowerofintentiontoindicatewhethertostart,stop,turnleftorturnright.Ifeltaninnerquietandevenjoy.Myworkwiththishors

ewaspartofajourneyoutofaverydarknightinmysoul.4.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.Shelovesanimalsverymuch.B.Shesuff

eredfrommentalillness.C.Shewenttoadoctorwithhighhopes.D.Sheoftenlostconsciousness.5.WhenshemetFiraforthefirsttime,theauthor________.A.feltdeepl

ytouchedB.hadanemotionalbreakdownC.becamegratefulforherpastpainD.wascuriousaboutwhatwouldhappen6.WhentheauthorandFiraworkedtoget

her,________.A.theauthorhadtotryhardtofeelbetterB.FirahelpedtheauthorfocusonherthoughtsC.theauthorrec

alledherpasthurts,fearsandfailingsD.Firaacceptedtheauthor’semotionsandreactedpositively7.Whatdidtheauthorlearnduring

hertimewithFira?A.Itisimportanttoliveinthemoment.B.Oneshouldn’tbeaffectedbyemotions.C.Oneshouldlearnlessonsfromthepast.D.Itisnecessar

ytoshowcompassiontoothers.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者在患有精神疾病期间，她的医生带她去农场散步时，她与一匹叫做Fira的马相遇、相知以及到最后一起工作的过程，并在与这匹马一块工作时，作者得出了要活在当下的

人生感悟。【详解】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段第二句“Iwasphysicallyandemotionallyexhaustedanddiscouragedbyanxietyanddepression

.”（焦虑和抑郁使我身心俱疲，灰心丧气。）可知，作者患的是精神方面的疾病。选项B与文意相符，故选B项。2.细节理解题。由文章第四段最后两句“Somethinghappenedinsideme:IfeltasifIhadreachedawellspring(源泉)ofpasthurts,fearsa

ndfailings.Ibegantomeltemotionally.”（我的内心深处发生了一些事情：我觉得好像我已经达到了过去伤害，恐惧和失败的源泉。情感上我开始融化。）可知，作者第一次见到Fira时，她被它的反应深深地感动了。选项A与文意一致，故选A项。3.细节理解题。由文章第六段最后一

句“Sheconnectedwithmebyrespondingtomyemotionalstateandreflectingitbacktomeinanopen,affectionateway.”（她通过回应我

的情绪状态并以一种开放的、充满爱意的方式将它反馈给我与我联系。）可知，作者和Fira一块工作时，Fira理解了作者的情绪，并做出了积极的反应。选项D与文意相符，故选D项。4.推理判断题。由文章第八段“Ilearnedtoliveintheprese

nt,tofocusonwhatwashappeningthisday,inthismoment,inthisplace.Ilearnedtoforgetthepast,withallitshurts.Ilearnedtoforgetthefuture,w

hichhasn'thappenedyet.Whenyoustandbesideahorse,youexistcompletelyinthemoment.”（我学会了活在当下，关注在这一天、这一刻、这个地方发生的

事情。我学会了忘记过去，忘记所有的伤痛。我学会了忘记还没有发生的未来。当你站在马的旁边，你就完全存在于那一刻。）可知，当作者和Fira在一起的时候她学到了活在当下让每一天都有意义是很重要的。选项A与文意相一致，故选A项

。CAustralianexpertshaveexpressedconcernsthattoomanymillennials(千禧一代）arehopingtousetheirsocialmediaaccountstobuildtheircareers.Theirc

oncernsfollowthesuddenrisein"insta-celebrities"whomakemoneybypostingsponsoredphotosonline.Fortheluckyfewwhoarenotonlytalentedphotographersbuta

lsogood-lookingandbusiness-savvy(有商业头脑的)，makingmoneyoffsocialmediaisn'timpossible.Instagramisfloodedwithsoci

almediaprofessionalspaidtopromoteproductsandservices.However,socialscientistDrLaurenRosewarne,fromtheUni

versityofMelbourne,saysthatinreality,therearefarfewerpeoplemakingmoneyofftheplatformsthanonemaythink.S

hesaidmanyyoungAustraliansweregettingsuckedinbytheappealofmakingmoneyonplatformslikeInstagram,describingitas"totally

unrealistic"andextremelydifficulttodo."Youngpeoplearehopingtobefamousinnumbersthatweresimplynotthere20yearsago,"Rosewarnetold

theAustralianBroadcastingCorporation(ABC)onSaturday."Therearesomepeoplewhocanmakefortunesoutofmonetizing(使具有货币性质)theirInstagrampost

s,butthatisnotthenorm."ShesaiditwasuptoparentsandschoolstodiscouragestudentsfromseekingInsta-fame,asmanybelieveitisapossiblecar

eerchoice."There'sthewarningforparents;thisisnotanormalorevencommonoccurrencethatyoucanmonetizeyourInstagramaccount."Mea

nwhileToniEagerfromAustralianNationalUniversitysaidsocialproblemscouldarisefromspendingtoomuchtimewithsocialmedia."Wheredotheinsta-celebrities

go...toseparatethelifepeopleseeonInstagramfromtheiractualnormallife?"Eagersaid."Allofasudden,peopleownyourprivatelife."8.Whyistherea

suddenrisein"insta-celebrities"?A.Manyyoungpeoplewanttobephotographers.B.Manypeopleseeitasashortcuttomakingmoney.C.Peoplewanttosocia

lizebysharingphotosonline.D.Instagramoffersyoungpeoplemorecareerchoices.9.Theunderlinedphrase"gettingsuckedin"inParagraph4p

robablymeans"______".A.benefitingfromsomethingB.becominginvolvedinsomethingC.takingadvantageofsomethingD.beingsatisfiedwithsomething10.Whatmessagedoe

stheauthorconveybyquotingDrLaurenRosewarne?A.Youngpeopletodayaremorebusiness-savvythanever.B.Youngpeoplearebecominglessinte

restedinInternetfame.C.Instagramisnotagoodplatformtopromotenewproducts.D.It'sabadideaforyoungpeopletotry

earningmoneyonInstagram.11.WhatproblemdoesToniEagerthinkoveruseofsocialmediacouldcause?A.Anover-relianceonIns

tagram.B.Alossofpersonalprivacy.C.Lessinteractionwithpeopleinreallife.D.Thedesiretomonetizeone'sInstagr

amaccount.【答案】8.B9.B10.D11.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚的千禧一代中有很多人想将社交媒体发展成赚钱的手段甚至作为事业，专家对此表示了担忧。【8题详解】推理判断题。从第二段对于insta-celebrities的描述Thei

rconcernsfollowthesuddenrisein"insta-celebrities"whomakemoneybypostingsponsoredphotosonline.Fortheluckyfew

whoarenotonlytalentedphotographersbutalsogood-lookingandbusiness-savvy(有商业头脑的)，makingmoneyoffsocialmediaisn'timpossib

le.以及第四段中“theappealofmakingmoneyonplatformslikeInstagram”可知，社交媒体上的名人可以通过赞助来挣钱，即使你非专业，如果相貌姣好、有商业头脑也有机会靠社交媒体赚钱。所以判断出为什么“insta-celebrities”会突然走红是因为许多人

把它看作是赚钱的捷径相当于一条捷径。故选B项。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的句子“bytheappealofmakingmoneyonplatformslikeInstagram,可知，“受到在一

些社交平台上可以赚钱的吸引，许多澳大利亚年轻人被卷入其中”。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，gettingsuckedin也应该表达的意思是“参与其中、卷入其中”。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段DrLaurenRosewarne所说的话inreality,therearefarf

ewerpeoplemakingmoneyofftheplatformsthanonemaythink.可知，她先是表示通过社交媒体赚钱是很难很不现实的，做到的人也很少。再根据倒数第四段“Therearesomepeoplewhocanmakefortunesoutofmonetizi

ng(使具有货币性质)theirInstagramposts,butthatisnotthenorm.”可知，有些人可以通过在instagram上发帖赚钱，但这不是常态。由此判断出，靠社交平台赚钱并非好主意

。故选D项。【11题详解】细节理解题。最后一段“"Allofasudden,peopleownyourprivatelife”可知，突然之间，人们拥有了你的私人生活。所以Tonieager认为过度使用社交

媒体会导致个人隐私的损失。故选B项。DScientistatUniversityCollegeLondonhavediscoveredsetsofregulatorygenes,whichareresponsibleformaintaini

nghealthyhearing.Thefinding,madeinfruitflies,couldleadtotreatmentsforage-relatedhearingloss(ARHL)inhumans.Globally,one-thirdofpeopleagedover65experie

ncehearingimpairment,andwhiletherearethoughttobemorethan150genesthatmayaffecthearingloss,thereisnounified(统一的)viewonhowtousethesetodeve

lophearinglosstreatments.Inthestudy,publishedinScientificReports,researchersareattheUCLEarInstituteassessedthehearingabilityofthecommonfruitflyacross

itslifespan(around70days)toseeiftheirhearingdeclineswithage.Afruitfly’searssharemanymolecular(分子的)similaritieswiththeearsofhumans,makingitanidealto

olforthestudyofhumanhearingloss.ResearchersfoundthattheantennalearsoffruitfliesalsodisplayARHLwithnearlyallsensitivehearingmeas

uresstartingtodeclineafter50daysofage.Thismadetheresearcherswanttoknowiftherewereany“age-variable”ge

nesintheflies’innerearswhichhavekepttheearshealthyfor50daysoftheirlives.Aftercloserexamination,researchersidentifiedanewsetofregulatorygenes-h

omeostasisgenes.Thesegenesareoftenresponsibleforpickingupsoundandtheoverallsensitivityoftheear.Usingthisinformation,scientistswerethenabl

etogeneticallymodify(修改)thegenesandpreventthefliesfromgettingARHL.ProfessorJoergAlbert,leadauthorofthestudy

,said:“Whilemanystudieshavebeenconductedintothehearingfunctionoffruitflies,oursisthefirsttolookatthemechanisticandmoleculardetai

loftheirauditorylifecourse.”“Thefactthatthesegenesareconservedinhumanswillalsohelptofocusfutureclinicalresearchinhumansandtherebyaccelera

tethediscoveryofnewpharmacologicalorgene-therapeuticstrategies.”12.WhatdidscientistsatUCLdiscover?A.One-thir

dofpeopleagedover65havehearingproblems.B.Homeostasisgenesmaintainone’sabilitytohear.C.Thereareregulat

orygenesthatarerelatedtoaging.D.Humanshaveover150genesthatcanaffecthearingloss.13.Whywerefruitfliesusedintheresearch?A.Theirhearingsystemissimilarto

thatofhumans’.B.Theirhearingabilityalsodeclineswithage.C.TheydisplayARHLduringtheirlifespan.D.Theysharemanyg

eneswithhumans.14.Whatisthemainpurposeofthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Thediscoveryofnewtreatments.B.Thesignificanceofthestudy.C.Theresultofthestudy

.D.Thefuturecommercialprospects.15.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Age-relatedhearingloss:fruitfliesandh

umansB.Hearingloss:acommonproblemforolderadults.C.Genediscoverycouldleadtohearinglosstreatments.D.The

body’sabilitycanbeunlockedtotreatlosthearing.【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对果蝇听觉系统的研究，该研究可以为人类听力丧失治疗提供治疗策略。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第

五段“Aftercloserexamination,researchersidentifiedanewsetofregulatorygenes-homeostasisgenes.Thesegenesareoftenresponsibleforpickingupsoundandthe

overallsensitivityoftheear.(经过更仔细的研究，研究人员发现了一组新的调节基因-稳态基因。这些基因通常负责接收声音和耳朵的整体敏感性)”可知，伦敦大学的科学家发现稳态基因维持一个人的听觉能力。故选

B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Afruitfly’searssharemanymolecularsimilaritieswiththeearsofhumans,makingitanidealtoolforthestu

dyofhumanhearingloss.(果蝇的耳朵与人类的耳朵在分子上有许多相似之处，是研究人类听力损失的理想工具)”可知，研究中使用果蝇的原因是它们的听觉系统与人类的相似。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根

据倒数第二段“Whilemanystudieshavebeenconductedintothehearingfunctionoffruitflies,oursisthefirsttolookatthemechanisticandmoleculardetailoftheiraudito

rylifecourse.(虽然已经对果蝇的听觉功能进行了许多研究，但我们的研究是第一次研究果蝇听觉生命过程的机制和分子细节)”，再结合最后一段“Thefactthatthesegenesareconservedinhumanswi

llalsohelptofocusfutureclinicalresearchinhumansandtherebyacceleratethediscoveryofnewpharmacologicalorgene-th

erapeuticstrategies.(这些基因在人类中是保守的这一事实也将有助于将未来的临床研究重点放在人类身上，从而加速发现新的药理学或基因治疗策略)”可以推出，研究果蝇是为了为人类提供借鉴，所以最后两段的主要目的是讲述研究的意义。故选B。【15题

详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段“Aftercloserexamination,researchersidentifiedanewsetofregulatorygenes-homeostasisgenes.Thes

egenesareoftenresponsibleforpickingupsoundandtheoverallsensitivityoftheear.Usingthisinformation,scientistswerethenabletogene

ticallymodifythegenesandpreventthefliesfromgettingARHL.(经过更仔细的研究，研究人员发现了一组新的调节基因-稳态基因。这些基因通常负责接收声音和耳朵

的整体敏感性。利用这些信息，科学家们就能够通过基因修改这些基因，防止苍蝇感染ARHL)”再结合最后一段“Thefactthatthesegenesareconservedinhumanswillalsohelptofocusfutureclinical

researchinhumansandtherebyacceleratethediscoveryofnewpharmacologicalorgene-therapeuticstrategies.(这些基因在人类中是

保守的这一事实也将有助于将未来的临床研究重点放在人类身上，从而加速发现新的药理学或基因治疗策略)”可知，科学家研究果蝇是对人类听力损伤治疗有借鉴价值的。由此可知，Genediscoverycouldleadtohearinglosstreatments

.(基因发现可能导致听力损失治疗)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。陕西省西安中学2021届高三第六次模拟考试英语试题阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A★LOUDOUNCOUNTRYDAYSCHOOLGrades:Pr

eschool-Grade8LCDS.org•703-777-3841Award-winningschoolfeaturesalowstudent-teacherratio(比率).Coursesincludeart

,STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,Mathematics),computerprogramming,languages,athletics,instruments.BYOT(BringYourO

wnTechnology),one-to-oneprograminfourththrougheighthgrades.It’sfamousforitsuniquefieldtrips.★NYSMITHSCHOOLGrades:3yea

rs-Grade8Nysmith.com•703-552-2912Top10intheworld,fun,award-winningprogram,upto4gradelevelsofdiversification(多样化)inreadingandmathclasses,dailyscience

,computers,logic,foreignlanguages,muchmore.1:9ratio.Minimal(最少的)homework.Hands-onexperimentallearning,agreatattracti

onforstudentsacrossthecountry.2014TommyAwardfromTJforthespecialachievementofNysmithAlumni.★FUSIONACADEMYT

YSONSGrades:6-12FusionTysonsCorner.com•866-461-8039FusionAcademyisaprivatemiddleandhighschoolwhereallcl

assesareone-to-one:onestudentandoneteacherperclassroom.Here,positiverelationshipsunlockstudents’potential.Schedulingispe

rsonalized,andnohomeworkgoeshome.ComesoontoTysons,Virginia,andachieveschool&lifebalance.★RANDOLPH-MACONACADEMYGrad

es:6-12,Postgraduaterma.edu•540-636-5484R-MAisacollege-prepboardingschoolwithAirForceJROTC,devotedtodevelopingstudentsofacademicachi

evement,leadership,andresponsiblecitizenship.Withsmallerclasses-onaverage,14-17studentsperclass-studentsatR-MAfindthemselvesbuilding

theirconfidencebecauseourteacherscareabouteachstudent.Graduatingclasseshavea100%collegeacceptancerateandaverageover$56.6millionincollegescholar

shipsofferseachyear.1.WhatmakesLCDSdifferentfromtheothers?A.fieldtrips.B.avarietyofcourses.C.one-to-oneclass

es.D.award-winningprograms.2.WhyisNYSMITHSCHOOLpopularamongstudents?A.Ithasnohomework.B.Itistheworld’sbes

tschool.C.ItisafrequentwinneroftheTommyAward.D.Itgivesthemachancetolearnfromexperience.3.Whichschoolspecializesinpersonalizededuc

ation?A.LOUDOUNCOUNTRYDAYSCHOOL.B.NYSMITHSCHOOL.C.FUSIONACADEMYTYSONS.D.RANDOLPH-MACONACADEMY.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】

【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四所学校的情况，包括年级、电话和学校特色等信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据★LOUDOUNCOUNTRYDAYSCHOOL部分中“It’sfamousforitsuniquefie

ldtrips.”可知，它以独特的实地考察旅行而闻名。由此可知，LOUDOUN乡村走读学校与其他学校的不同之处在于它提供实地考察旅行。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据★NYSMITHSCHOOL部分中“Hands-onexperimentallearning,agreatattrac

tionforstudentsacrossthecountry.”可知，动手实验学习，对全国各地的学生有很大的吸引力。由此可知，NYSMITH学校吸引学生，因为这给了他们一个从经验中学习的机会。故选D。【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据★FUSIONACADEMYTYSONS部分中“FusionAcademyisaprivatemiddleandhighschoolwhereallclassesareone-to-one:onestudentandoneteacherpercla

ssroom.Here,positiverelationshipsunlockstudents’potential.Schedulingispersonalized,andnohomeworkgoeshome.”可知FusionAcademy是一所私立中学

和高中，所有班级都是一对一的:每个教室一个学生和一个老师。在这里，积极的关系释放学生的潜力。日程安排是个性化的，回家没有家庭作业。由此可知，FUSIONACADEMYTYSONS学校擅长个性化教育。故选C。BAsayoungster,therewasnothingIlikedbe

tterthanSundayafternoonsatmygrandfather’sfarminwesternPennsylvania.Surroundedbymilesofwindingstonewalls,thehouseandfieldprovidedendlessho

ursoffunforacitykidlikeme.Sincemyfirstvisittothefarm,Ihadwantedmorethananythingtobeallowedtoclimbthestonewallssurround

ingthehouses.Myparentswouldneverapprovebecausethewallsweresooldthatsomestoneswerelooseandfalling.Still,myideatocli

mbacrossthosewallsgrewsostrongthatfinallyIhadallmycouragetoenterthelivingroom,wheretheadultshadgatheredafterSundaydin

ner.“Iwanttoclimbthestonewalls,”Isaid.“Heavens,no!You’llhurtyourself!”theresponsewasjustasI’dexpected.ButbeforeIleftth

eroom,Iwasstoppedbymygrandfather’sloudvoice.“Nowholdonjustaminute,”Iheardhimsay.“Lettheboyclimbthestonewalls.Hehastol

earntodothingsforhimself.”“Go,”hesaidtome,“andcomeandseemewhenyougetback.”ForthenexttwoandahalfhoursIclimbedthoseoldwalls—andha

dthetimeofmylife.LaterImetwithmygrandfathertotellhimaboutmyadventures.I’llneverforgetwhathesaid.“Fred,”hesaid,smiling,“Yo

umadethisdayaspecialdayjustbybeingyourself.Alwaysremember,there’sonlyonepersoninthiswholeworldlikeyou,andIlikeyo

uexactlyasyouare.”Manyyearshavepassedsincethen,andtodayIhostthetelevisionprogramMisterRogers’Neighborhood,seenbymillionsofchildrenthroughout

America.Therehavebeenchangesovertheyears,butonethingremainsthesame:mymessagetochildrenattheendofalmosteveryvisit.“There’sonlyonepersoninthiswholewor

ldlikeyou.”thekidscancountonhearingmesay,“andpeoplecanlikeyouexactlyasyouare.”4.Whydidthewriterenjoyhisvisitstothefarm?A.Helikedhisgrandfather.B.Ther

ewereoldstonewalls.C.ItwasanexcitingplaceforhimD.Hewasallowedtoclimbthestonewalls5.Howdidtheadultsrespondtothewriter’sidea?A.Theytookprideinhim.B

.Noneofthemrespondedimmediately.C.Theywereallshocked.D.Allofthemdidn’tbackhimup.6.Whichofthefollowingca

nbeusedtodescribethewriter?A.reliableB.adventurousC.devotedD.considerate7.Whatisprobablythebesttitlefort

hetext?A.JustBeYourselfB.RemainAdventurousC.DoWhateverYouLikeD.AnUnforgettableExperience【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要通过作

者幼年的一件趣事，说明每个人都是独一无二的，要敢于做自己。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Surroundedbymilesofwindingstonewalls,thehouseandfieldprovideden

dlesshoursoffunforacitykidlikeme.(房子和田野被绵延数英里的蜿蜒石墙所环绕，为像我这样的城市孩子提供了无穷无尽的乐趣。)”可知，祖父的农场为“我”这样在城市里的孩子提供了无尽的乐趣，故可知C项（这对他来说是一个令人兴奋

的地方）符合题意，故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的““Heavens,no!You’llhurtyourself!”theresponsewasjustasI’dexpected.ButbeforeIlefttheroom,Iwasstoppedbymygrandfath

er’sloudvoice.“Nowholdonjustaminute,”Iheardhimsay.“Lettheboyclimbthestonewalls.Hehastolearntodothingsforhimself.”(“天啊，不!你会受

伤的!反应和我预料的一样。但在我离开房间之前，我被我祖父响亮的声音拦住了。“现在稍等”我听到他说。“让那个男孩爬石墙吧。他必须学会为自己做事。)”可知，作者想要爬石墙时，家人都不支持他，除了祖父。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判

断题。根据第四段的“ForthenexttwoandahalfhoursIclimbedthoseoldwalls—andhadthetimeofmylife.LaterImetwithmygrandfa

thertotellhimaboutmyadventures.（在接下来的两个半小时里，我爬上了那些旧墙，这是我一生中最愉快的时光。后来我遇到了我的祖父，告诉了他我的冒险。）”可知，作者经过两个半小时，爬上了那些古老的

城墙，之后和祖父分享了冒险的经历，由此可以推知，作者是一个爱冒险的人，故选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文以及最后一段的“There’sonlyonepersoninthiswholeworldlikeyou…andpeoplecanlikeyouexactlyasyoua

re.（在这个世界上只有一个人像你……人们喜欢真实的你。）”可知，文章主要通过作者幼年的一件趣事，说明每个人都是独一无二的，人们喜欢真实的你，故可知A项（做自己）为本文最佳标题，故选A项。CIfyouaskpeopletonametheonepersonwhohadthegreate

steffectontheEnglishlanguage,youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare,”“SamuelJohnson,”and“Webster,”butnoneofthese

menhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidn’tevenspeakEnglish-WilliamtheConqueror.Before1066,inthelandwenow

callGreatBritainlivedpeoplesbelongingtotwomajorlanguagegroups.InthewestcentralregionlivedtheWelsh,whospokeaCelt

iclanguage,andinthenorthlivedtheScots,whoselanguage,thoughnotthesameasWelsh,wasalsoCeltic.Intherestofthecountrylive

dtheSaxons,actuallyamixtureofAnglos,Saxons,andotherGermanicandNordicpeoples,whospokewhatwenowcallAnglo-Saxon(orOldEnglish),aGermanic

language.Ifthisstateofaffairshadlasted,EnglishtodaywouldbeclosetoGerman.Butthisstateofaffairsdidnotlast.Inl066theNormansledbyWilliamdefeatedt

heSaxonsandbegantheirruleoverEngland.Foraboutacentury,FrenchbecametheofficiallanguageofEng-landwhileOldEn

glishbecamethelanguageofpeasants.Asaresult,EnglishwordsofPoliticsandthelawcomefromFrenchratherthanGerman.Insomecases,modernEnglishevenshowsadisti

nction(区别)betweenupper-classFrenchandlower-classAnglo-Saxoninitswords.Weevenhavedifferentwordsforsomefoo

ds,meatinparticular,dependingonwhetheritisstilloutinthefieldsorathomereadytobecooked,whichshowsthefacttha

ttheSaxonpeasantsweredoingthefarming,whiletheupper-classNormansweredoingmostoftheeating.WhenAmericansvisitEuropeforthefi

rsttime,theyusuallyfindGermanymore"foreign"thanFrancebecausetheGermantheyseeonsignsandadvertisementsseemsmuchmoredifferentfrom

EnglishthanFrenchdoes.FewrealizethattheEnglishlanguageisactuallyGermanicinitsbeginningandthattheFrenchinfluencesareallthe

resultofoneman'sambition.8.ThetwomajorlanguagesspokeninwhatisnowcalledGreatBritainbeforel066wereA.WelshandScot

tishB.NordicandGermanicC.CelticandOldEnglish.D.Anglo-SaxonandGermanic9.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsar

e,byinference,rootedinFrench?A.president,Lawyer,beefB.president,bread,waterC.bread,field,sheepD.folk,field,cow10.W

hydoesFranceappearlessforeignthanGermanytoAmericansontheirfirstvisittoEurope?A.MostadvertisementsinFranceappearinEnglish.B.Theykn

owlittleofthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.C.ManyFrenchwordsaresimilartoEnglishones.D.TheyknowFrenchbetterthanGerman.11.

Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?A.ThehistoryofGreatBritain.B.ThesimilaritybetweenEnglishandFrench.C.TheruleofEnglandbyWilliamtheConqueror.D.

TheFrenchinfluencesontheEnglishlanguage.【答案】8.C9.A10.C11.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。如果让你列举那些对应于做出最大贡献的人，你一定会得到类似莎士比亚，塞缪尔约

翰逊这样的答案，但实际上，没有任何人的对英语的影响力能够超过征服者威廉。在1066年以前，我们现在称为英国的土地上存在两种主要语言，一种是凯尔特语，另一种是古英语。而后来由于威廉的雄心，使得古英语成为英国的主要语言，而法语也成为对英语

影响颇深的语言。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Inthewest-centralregionlivedtheWelsh,whospokeaCelticlanguage,andinthenorthlivedtheScots,whoselanguag

e,thoughnotthesameasWelsh,wasalsoCeltic.”在中西地区住着威尔士人，他们说凯尔特语，在南部居住着苏格兰人，他们的语言不同于威尔士人的语言，但也是凯尔特语。由此可知一大主要语言为凯尔特语。

根据第二段第三句“IntherestofthecountrylivedtheSaxons,actuallyamixtureofAnglos,Saxons,andotherGermanicandNordicpeoples,whospoke

whatwenowcallAnglo-Saxon(orOldEnglish),aGermaniclanguage.”在国家的其余地方居住着撒克逊人，他们是英国人、撒克逊人、德国人、日耳曼人的混合，他们讲的语言是英格兰语（即古英语）。可知另一大分支为古英语。故选C

。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Asaresult,EnglishwordsofpoliticsandthelawcomefromFrenchratherthanGerman.”结果导致，英语中关于政治和法律的词来源于法语而不是德语。“Weevenhave

differentwordsforsomefoods,meatinparticular,dependingonwhetheritisstilloutinthefieldsorathomereadytobecooked,whichshowsthefactthattheSaxonpeasants

weredoingthefarming,whiletheupper-classNormansweredoingmostoftheeating.”我们甚至在食物尤其是肉食上有不同的词，这取决于它是长在田野里，还是在家煮着吃，事实证

明，撒克逊农民在耕作而上层社会的诺曼人在大部分食物上贡献更多。由此可见，有关政治、法律以及家中煮着的食物最可能来源于法国，故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“WhenAmericansvisitEuropeforthefirsttime,t

heyusuallyfindGermanymore"foreign"thanFrancebecausetheGermantheyseeonsignsandadvertisementsseemsmuchmoredifferentfromEnglishthanFre

nchdoes”当美国人到欧洲旅游时，他们经常发现德语比法语更像外国语，以为在德国，他们看见的标签和广告语看起来比法语更与英语不同。所以可知，许多法语词汇和英语很像。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。文章开篇即抛出问题：谁对英语的影响最大，接着给出答案：

征服者威廉。可见文章即将讨论的问题就是他对英语的影响。接下来，作者介绍了1066年以前的英国语言由两大派系组成，而之后由于威廉的雄心，才使得古英语成为英国的主要语言，而法语也成为对英语影响颇深的语言。故选D。DIfthereisnodifferenceingeneralintelligence

betweenboysandgirls,whatcanexplaingirls’poorperformanceinscienceandmathematics?Itseemstobethattheirtreatmentatschoolisad

irectcause.Mathematicsandscienceareseenassubjectsmainlyforboys,andtherefore,asgirlsbecometeenagers,theyarelesslikelytotakethem.Interesting

ly,bothboysandgirlsoftenregardthesubjectsforboysasmoredifficult.Yetithasbeensuggestedthatgirlsdonott

akemathematicscourses,notbecausetheyaredifficult,butforsocialreasons.Girlsdonotwanttobeinopencompetitionwithboysbecausetheyareafraidt

oappearlessfeminineandattractive.However,ifweexaminetheperformanceofboysandgirlswhohavetakenmathematicscourses,therearestillmorehigh-achievingboyst

hantherearegirls.Thisdifferenceappearstobeworld-wide.Biologicalexplanationshavebeenofferedforthis,butthereareotherexplanationstoo.Perhap

sthedifferencewhichcomesoutduringtheteenageyearshasitsrootsinmuchearlierexperiences.Fromtheirfirstdaysinkindergarten,boysar

eencouragedtoworkontheirownandtocompletetasks.Factsshowthatoutstandingmathematiciansandscientistshavenothad

teacherswhosuppliedanswers.Besides,therecanbelittledoubtthatteachersofmathematicsandscienceexpectthei

rboystudentstodobetteratthesesubjectsthantheirgirlstudents.Theyevenappeartoencouragethedifferencebetweenboysandgirls.Theyspen

dmoretimewiththeboystudents,givingthemmoretimetoanswerquestionsandworkinghardertogetcorrectanswersfromthem.Theya

remorelikelytocallonboysforanswersandtoallowthemtotaketheleadinclassroomdiscussion.Theyalsopraiseboysmorefrequently.Allofthisseemstoenco

urageboystoworkharderinscienceandmathematicsandtogivethemconfidencethattheyareabletosucceed.Suchawayofteachingisnotlikelytoencouragegirlstot

akemanymathematicsandsciencecourses,norisitlikelytosupportgirlswhodo.Whenitcomestothesesubjects,itseemscertainthatschoolwidensthedifferenceb

etweenboysandgirls.12.Girlsarelikelytothinkthat________.A.sciencecoursesareforbothboysandgirlsB.sciencecoursesmakethemmore

popularC.sciencecoursesmakethemsuccessfulD.sciencecoursesaredifficultforthem13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“feminine”inpara.2probablymean?

A.gentleB.femaleC.hungryD.charming14.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutgreatmathematicians?A.Theirteachersdidnots

upplyanswerstothem.B.Theystartedlearningmathematicsatanearlierage.C.Theyshowedmathematicalabilitiesintheirteenageyears.D.

Theirsuccessresultedfromtheirstronginterestinmathematics.15.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethat________.A.boysandgirlslearnin

thesamewayB.boysandgirlsareequalingeneralintelligenceC.girlsaremoreconfidentinthemselvesthanbeforeD.girlsshouldtakefew

ersciencecoursesthanboys【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了女生在数学和科学方面表现不佳的原因。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Mathematicsandscienceare

seenassubjectsmainlyforboys...”和“Interestingly,bothboysandgirlsoftenregardthesubjectsforboysasmoredifficu

lt.”可知，数学和科学被看作是男生的科目，男生和女生都认为男生的科目更难。由此可推知，女生可能认为科学课程对自己来说很难。故选D项。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Girlsdonotwanttobeinopencompetitionwithboys”可知，女

孩不想和男孩公开竞争，划线词后的and是并列连词，结合attractive可推知，“becausetheyareafraidtoappearlessfeminineandattractive”意为“因为她们害

怕显得不够女性化和缺乏吸引力”，划线词“feminine”意为“女性的”。故选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Factsshowthatoutstandingmathematiciansandscientis

tshavenothadteacherswhosuppliedanswers.”可知，事实表明，杰出的数学家和科学家没有老师提供过答案。故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。文章第一段“Ifthereisnodifferenceingeneralintelligencebe

tweenboysandgirls,whatcanexplaingirls’poorperformanceinscienceandmathematics?”提出问题：如果男孩和女孩在一般智力上没有差异，那又有什么能解释女孩在科学和

数学方面表现不佳的原因呢？接着作者谈论了造成女生在数学和科学方面表现不佳的社会原因，由此可推知，作者认为男女在一般智力方面是一样的。故选B项。陕西省西安中学2021届高三第五次模拟考试英语试题第二部分阅读理解（共两节）第一节阅读下列短文

，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATastytrips:deliciousreadsforyouFromaNigeriancook’smemoir（实录）toaclassicnovelofMexicanmolesandmagic,t

hesebookstakeyouonunforgettablekitchenjourneys.BonAppetite:TravelsThroughFrancewithKnife,ForkandCorkscrew(20

01),byPeterMayle.AfterachildhoodspenttoleratingBritishcooking,MaylefellinlovewithFrance’scookingculture.Itwasalifelongjourneyhekindlyandkno

wledgablydocumentedinthismouthwateringmemoir,themostfood-focusedofhismanybooks.Dirt(2020),byBillBuford.Afterbefriendingthealwa

ysgreatFrenchchefMichelRichard,theItalophile-turned-FrancophilewriterwindsupatacookingschoolinLyonstudyingthecountry’ssecretsforcooki

ngdeliciousfoods.Finally,hewalksawayhavinglearnedthetasteofgoodfood.Thatcomesfromaplace,asithasforthousandsofyears.TheSpiceNecklace:AFood-Lover’sCari

bbeanAdventure(2010),byAnneVanderhoof.Asabravecouplepilottheirsailboat,theReceta(Spanishforrecipe),aroundtheCarib

bean,theydigintolocaldelicaciesalongtheway.Thelivelymemoir-cookbookwillmakeyouwanttoheadtothetropics—oratleastyourkitchen—totryfrozenpumpkinsoupo

rdeliciouscoconut-custardtarts（蛋挞）.LikeWaterforChocolate(1989),byLauraEsquivel.Setinturn-of-the-twentieth-

centuryMexico,thisnovelcombinesmagicalrealismwithfoodsensualism（感官刺激性）totellthetragicomic（悲喜剧的）storyofTitaDeLaGarza,afarmer’sdaughterwithma

dkitchenskills—butnoluckatlove.Eachchapterstartswithatraditionalrecipe(oxtailsoup,turkeymolé)tiedtothestoryline.1.Whatcanwelearn

fromBonAppetit?A.Maylewasfondofcookingatanearlyage.B.MaylefinallyenjoyedFrance’scookingculture.C.Maylespenthiswholelifewritinganautobiograp

hy.D.Maylehimselfcouldcookthemostmouthwateringfood.2.Ifyouwanttoknowthestorybehindatraditionalrecipe,youwillread________.A.DirtB.BonAp

petitC.TheSpiceNecklaceD.LikeWaterforChocolate3.Whoarethebooksintendedfor?A.Foodlovers.B.Cooktrainers.C.Bookcollectors.D.Kitchenadventurer

s.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四本与烹饪有关的书籍，带着读者去烹饪的海洋中畅游。【1题详解】细节理解题。由文中第二段“Afterachildhoodspenttolerat

ingBritishcooking,MaylefellinlovewithFrance'scookingculture.Itwasalifelongjourneyhekindlyandknowledgablydoc

umentedinthismouthwateringmemoir,themostfood-focusedofhismanybooks.”（小时候，梅尔忍受着英国烹饪，后来他爱上了法国烹饪文化。他终极一生，用自己的热情和博学，记录了

这令人垂涎的文献，这是他的许多书籍最集中描写食物的书籍。）可知，BonAppetite一书可以知道梅尔最终喜欢上了法国的烹饪文化。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段中的"Eachchapter

startswithatraditionalrecipe（oxtailsoup,turkeymole）tiedtothestoryline.”（每一章都从与故事情节相关的传统食谱（牛尾汤，火鸡摩尔）开始。）可知，如果你想知道一个传统食谱背后的故事，你可以读LikeWate

rforChocolate。故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。由标题"Tastytrips：deliciousreadsforyou"以及四部书的内容可知，这四部书籍是为美食爱好者推荐的。故选A项。BUnle

ssyourparentisaheadcheforbentobox（便当盒）master,schoollunchisusuallynothingtowritehomeabout.ForartistandfatherDominickCabalo,however,

hissonNicholas’lunchesareanoilpaintingclothforcreativity.Cabalomakescarefullydesigneddrawingsoneachof

12-year-oldNicholas’paperlunchbags,usuallyrepresentingpopularlivelycharactersandcolorfulsuperheroes.Cabalobeg

andrawingonthebagsaboutthreeyearsagotohelpNicholasmakenewfriendsinelementaryschool.“Inoticedhewasabitshywhenitcametotalkingtoother

s,”hesaid.“Sobycreatingapieceofartworkto‘breaktheice’,kidswouldcomeuptohimandstarttalkingandhopefullyaconversation,orbetteryet,anewfriendshi

p,wouldstart.”ThoughNicholasisinmiddleschoolnow,hestillaskshisdadtodrawonthelunchbags,andwillmakerequestsforcharactersordraw

ingsthathe’dliketoseeonthenextbag.Cabalohasdrawnabout400lunchbagsinthepastthreeyears.Heexplainedthatthebagshadreallyhelpedhissonbec

omemoreconfidentatschool.“He’sbrokenoutofhisshellbecauseofthis,andIliketothinkthatIhadahandinhelpingh

imdothiswiththesebags.”hewrote.Nicholaskeepsmostofthebags.“Somecomebackinbetterconditionthanothers,”Cabalo

said.“Wemayloseoneduetotheoccasionalwetsandwichorleakydrink,butthat’stobeexpected.”Asforthebagsthatmakeithomeundamaged,Cabalopoststheirp

hotostosocialmedia.Hisfavoritesarethemoretime-consumingseriesofbagsthatcanbejoineduptocreatealargerimage,s

uchasthe“FindingNemo”triptych（三联画）.4.WhatspecialfeaturemakesNicholas’lunchbagsdistinguished?A.Deliciousfoodcookedbyaheadchef.

B.Beautifuloilpaintingsproducedbyartists.C.ColorfulsuperheroesdrawnbyNicholas.D.Livelycharactersdrawnbythekid’slovingfather.5.Whydi

dCabalodrawonthelunchbagsintheverybeginning?A.Tohelphissontomakenewfriends.B.Tomakehisson’slunchbagsattracti

ve.C.Toencouragehissontobemoreconfident.D.Toimprovehisson’sacademicperformance.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesCabalo?A.Friendly.B.Noble.C.Cari

ng.D.Gifted.7.Whatisthistextmainlyabout?A.Cabalodrawspopularlivelycharactersandcolorfulsuperheroesforhisson.

B.Dad’sspeciallunchbagdrawingshelphisshysoncomeoutofhisshell.C.Nicholas’newfriendsinelementaryschoolmakehimmoreconfident.D.Nicholaskeep

sthemoretime-consumingseriesofbagsdesignedbyhisfather.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了尼古拉斯的爸爸每天为儿子精

心绘制午餐袋上的图案，以此帮助儿子结交新朋友，使他变得自信、阳光的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Cabalomakescarefullydesigneddrawingsoneachof12-year-oldNicholas'

spaperlunchbags,usuallyrepresentingpopularlivelycharactersandcolorfulsuperheroes.（Cabalo在他12岁儿子的每一个午餐袋上绘制了精心设计的图案，通常画的都是流行的栩

栩如生的人物和丰富多彩的超级英雄们。）”可知，父亲精心画的栩栩如生的人物使Nicholas的午餐袋与众不同。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Cabalobegandrawingonthebagsab

outthreeyearsagotohelpNicholasmakenewfriendsinelementaryschool.（大约三年前Cabalo开始在午餐袋上画画来帮助Nicholas在小学结交新朋友。）”可知，Cabalo在午餐袋上画画

是为了帮助儿子结交新朋友。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“CabalobegandrawingonthebagsaboutthreeyearsagotohelpNicholasmakenewfriendsinelementaryschool.（大约三年前C

abalo开始在午餐袋上画画来帮助Nicholas在小学结交新朋友。）”可知，Cabalo是一位非常有爱的父亲，他通过在儿子午餐袋上绘画来帮助儿子结识新朋友，父亲这一行为很贴心。C项意为“贴心的”，能恰当地描述父亲的这一行为。故选C

。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文及结合第三段最后一句He'sbrokenoutofhisshellbecauseofthis,andIliketothinkthatIhadahandinhelpinghimdothiswiththesebags...（因为午餐袋，他不再羞怯，而想起我能用这

些袋子助他一臂之力我就很高兴……）可知，本文讲述了一位父亲为了使儿子不再羞怯，在儿子的午餐袋上画上多彩的图案，吸引同学们与他交谈，使他变得自信、阳光的故事。B项“爸爸特殊的午餐袋画帮助他害羞的儿子走出他的壳。”全面地概括了文

章内容。故选B。CItisnotunusualforpeopletospeaktwoorthreelanguages;they’reknownasbilingualsortrilinguals.Speakersofmorethanthreel

anguagesareknownaspolyglots.Andwhenwerefertopeoplewhospeakmanylanguages,perhapsadozenormore,weusethetermhype

r-polyglot.Themostfamoushyper-polyglotwasGiuseppeMezzofanti,a19thcenturyItaliancardinal,whowassaidtospeak72lan

guages.Thisclaimsoundsabsurd.Ifyouassumeeachlanguagehad20,000words,Mezzofantiwouldhavetolearnawordaminute,s

ixhoursaday,forelevenyears—animpossibletask.ButMezzofantiwastestedbycritics,andtheywereallimpressed.DidMezzofantihave

anextraordinarybrain?Orarehyper-polyglotsjustordinarypeoplewithordinarybrainswhomanagetodosomethingextraordinarythroughhardwork?

U.S.linguistStephenDrashenbelievesthatoutstandinglanguagelearnersjustworkharderatitandthentheyacquireunusual

lystronglanguageability.Asanexample,hementionsaHungarianwomanwhoworkedasaninterpreterduringthe20thcentury.Whenshewas86

,shecouldspeak16languagesandwasstillworkingonlearningnewlanguages.Shesaidshelearnedthemmostlyonherown,readingfictionorworkingthroughdictionarie

sortextbooks.Someresearchersarguetothecontrary.Theybelievethatthereissuchathingasatalentforlearninglanguages.Inthe1930s,aGermansc

ientistexaminedpartsofthepreservedbrainofahyper-polyglotnamedEmilKrebs,whocouldspeak60languagesfluently.Thescientistfoundt

hattheareaofKrebs’sbraincalledBroca’sarea,whichisassociatedwithlanguage,lookeddifferentfromtheBroca’sareainthebrainsofmenwhospeakonlyonelanguage.Howe

ver,westilldon’tknowifKrebswasbornwithabrainreadytolearndozensoflanguagesorifhisbrainadaptedtothedemandsheputonit.Althoughitisstil

lnotclearwhethertheabilitytolearnmanylanguagesisinborn,there’snodoubtthatjustaboutallofuscanacquireskil

lsinasecond,third,orevenfourthlanguagebyputtingourmindtoit.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceimply?A.Me

zzofanticouldremember360wordsaday.B.Mezzofantihadaspecialwaytolearnlanguages.C.Mezzofanti’sachievementwasridiculous.D.Mezzofantilanguageabilityw

asastonishing.9.TheHungarianwomanbecameahyper-polyglotmainlybecauseofher__.A.goodmemoryB.uniquebrainC.hardworkD.learningmethods10.TheGe

rmanscientist’sfindingsshowedthatKrebs___.A.hadanunusualbrainB.wasbornwithgreattalentC.hadworkedhardatlanguagesD.expectedtoo

muchofhimself11.Theauthorseemstoagreethat___.A.itisnothardtolearnforeignlanguagesB.hardworkplaysapartinlanguagelearningC.thereisnosuchthingasat

alentforlanguagesD.hyper-polyglotshaveaninborntalentforlanguage【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.B【解析】【分析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，文章通过举几个会说好几种语言的人的例子来说明语言学习归根结底是和努力是分

不开的。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“GiuseppeMezzofanti,a19thcenturyItaliancardinal,whowassaidtospeak72languages.Thisclaimsoundsabs

urd.Ifyouassumeeachlanguagehad20,000words,Mezzofantiwouldhavetolearnawordaminute,sixhoursaday,forelevenye

ars—animpossibletask.”可知，GiuseppeMezzofanti是十九世纪的意大利人，能说七十二种语言，听起来有点我荒谬，如果你假定每种语言有两万个单词，那么Mezzofanti不得不一分种记一个单词，每天六个小

时，也要十一年的时间，是一件不可能的任务。由此可知，Mezzofant的语言学习能力是让人惊讶的。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的句子：U.S.linguistStephenDrashenbelievesthatoutstandinglanguagelearnersju

stworkharderatitandthentheyacquireunusuallystronglanguageability.（美国语言学家斯蒂芬·德拉申认为，优秀的语言学习者只是更加努力地学习，然后他们获得了异

常强大的语言能力。）可知，语言学习是需要努力的，紧接着举这个匈牙利女翻译的例子就是为了证明她的努力，故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的句子：ThescientistfoundthattheareaofKrebs’sbraincalledBroca’sarea,whic

hisassociatedwithlanguage,lookeddifferentfromtheBroca’sareainthebrainsofmenwhospeakonlyonelanguage.（这位科学家发现克

雷布斯大脑中与语言有关的布罗卡区与只说一种语言的人大脑中的布罗卡区看起来不同。）可知，Krebs有着不寻常的大脑。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。从文章的最后一段的句子：there’snodoubtthatjustaboutallofuscanacquireskillsinas

econd,third,orevenfourthlanguagebyputtingourmindtoit.（毫无疑问，只要用心学习，几乎所有人都能掌握第二、第三、甚至第四种语言的技能。）可知，作者认为学习语言需要勤奋。故选B。考点：考查文化类短文点评：文章通过举了几个会说好几种语言的人，可以

看出有的人是非常勤奋，有的人似乎大脑非同寻常，但归根结底努力是分不开的。本文要求考生理解文章的主旨，通过题目筛选答案，读者应当知道如何去做或按照某种方式传递思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据。DIth

asbeentwomonthssinceImovedtoChina,butitsdigitaladvancementhasn’tstoppedimpressingmeeversince.OneofthemajorthingsthatIcannotimaginelivingw

ithoutanymoreismobilepayment.Therearetwomajormobilepaymentappshere,AlipayandWeChatPay.Bothhavesimilarpaymentfeatures,thoughWeChathasmoreli

keasocialmedia.That’swhyIwillfocusonthis“superapp”.Sofar,I’vebeenoverwhelmedbyhowefficientlifecanbewithWeChat.Itispresentine

veryaspectofpeople’sdailylife,frompayingwaterandelectricitybills,meals,cinematicketstocallingataxi,followingnews,andchattingwithfriends.Mo

stmerchantshaveadoptedit,fromtinylocalstreetfoodstallstohigh-end（高端的）stores.AcashiermaybesurprisedifyoudonotpaywithWeChatorAlipayatt

hegrocersorinrestaurants.Anditseemsliketheentirepaymentindustryhasencouragedthisshifttomobilepayment,equippingpaymentterminalswithQRcodesc

annerstosimplifypayments.MobilepaymentsaresocommonherethatIrealizethatIcanperfectlysurviveifIforgetmywalletathomeonedaybecausemostday

sIjustdon’ttakeitoutofmybag!Asmentionedearlier,WeChatisalsoamajorsocialmediaplatformwithaboutonebilliondailyusers,whichismorethantheentirepopulati

onofEuropeanUnion.SoIhavetosayChinesetechnologicalanddigitaldevelopmentisarealmiracle.12.Whatdoestheun

derlinedword“overwhelmed”meaninparagragh2?A.Encouraged.B.Shocked.C.Confused.D.Panicked.13.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.WeChatismoreasocialmediathanAlipay.B.Allmerchantshaveadoptedmobilepayment.C.AcashiermaybesurprisedifyoupaywithWeChatorAlipay

.D.Itcausestroubleifyoudon’ttakeyourwalletwithyou.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoWeChat?A.Doubtful.B.Favorable.C.Opposed

.D.Uncaring.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheDifferentOpinionsAboutMobilePaymentB.TheDevelopmentofMobil

ePaymentC.ThePopularityofChineseMobilePaymentD.TwoMajorAppsofMobilePayment【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.C【解析】【分析】这是

一篇说明文。主要内容为说明作者在中国体验到微信和支付宝移动支付普及所带来的便捷性，作者感叹于中国的科技和数字发展是一个真正的奇迹。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文“Itispresentineveryaspectofpeople'sdailylife,f

rompayingwaterandelectricitybills,meals,cinematicketstocallingataxi,followingnews,andchattingwithfriends.”（它存在于人们日常生活的方方面面，从付水电费

、吃饭、电影票到叫出租车、关注新闻、和朋友聊天。）可知微信存在于人们日常生活的方方面面、从水电费、餐费、电影票到打车、看新闻、和朋友聊天。因此到目前为止，作者已经被微信所带来的生活便利所震撼了。故划线单词意思为“震撼的”。故选B项。【13题详解

】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Bothhavesimilarpaymentfeatures,thoughWeChatismorelikeasocialmedia.”（两者都有类似的支付功能，尽管微信更像是一个社交媒体。）可知两者都有类似

的支付功能，尽管微信更像是一个社交媒体。由此可知，比起支付宝，微信更像是一种社交媒体。故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“MobilepaymentsaresocommonherethatIrealizethatIcanperfectlysurviveifI

forgetmywalletathomeonedaybecausemostdaysIjustdon'ttakeitoutofmybag!”（移动支付在这里是如此常见，以至于我意识到，如果有一天我忘了我

的钱包在家里，我都能完美地生存下来，因为大多数日子我不把它从我的包里拿出来!）可推断，作者对于微信是赞成的。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“IthasbeentwomonthssinceImovedtoChina,butitsdigitaladvancement

hasn'tstoppedimpressingmeeversince.OneofthemajorthingsthatIcannotimaginelivingwithoutanymoreismobilepayment.”（我搬到中国已经两个月了，但它的数字化进步从未停止

给我留下深刻印象。移动支付是我无法想象的生活必需品之一。）可知“我”搬到中国已经两个月了，但中国的数字技术进步至今仍令“我”印象深刻。“我”无法想象生活中没有移动支付会是什么样子。结合文章主要内容为说明作者在中国体验到移动支付普及所带来的便捷性，故C选项“中国移

动支付的普及”符合文章标题。故选C项。