【文档说明】辽宁省鞍山市2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 Word版无答案.docx，共(12)页，31.288 KB，由小赞的店铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.doc5u.com/view-46c05862197cb603e1c4175ac916c82d.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

2023—2024学年度下学期期中考试高一英语（A）时间：120分钟满分：150分考试范围：必二第5单元至必修三第3单元第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对

话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanadvi

sethewomantodo?A.Findaspecialgift.B.GiveMary$100.C.Askotherpeople.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatgiftdidJennyget？A.Someflowers.B.Asi

lkdress.C.Ascarf.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthewomangivetheman？A.Somecakes.B.Therecipeforthecakes.C.Som

ebooks.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthemandofirst?A.Finishthepaper.B.Seehisparents.C.Seetheprofessor.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydidsomepeopl

ehandinthepaperearly？A.Theyfinisheditinashorttime.B.Theycouldn'tanswerthequestions.C.Theyhadotherimportantthingstodo.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，

满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频

，请去附件查看】6.Whatdoesthemanwantthewomantodo?A.Dosomecleaning.B.Dosomecooking.C.Getagiftforhismother.7.Howdoesthem

anfeelatlast?A.Angry.B.Crazy.C.Sorry.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatdidthewomandojustnow?A.Shecollectedsomemoney.B.S

hefinishedacyclerace.C.Shetookalonghotbath.9.Whoisthemanprobably?A.Areporter.B.Aracer.C.Abankclerk.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去

附件查看】10.Howdidthespeakersknoweachother?A.Theywereclassmates.B.Theywerebusinesspartners.C.Theymeteachothertwomonthsago.11.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At

10:00a.m.tomorrow.B.At3:00p.m.tomorrow.C.Itisnotdecided.12.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Makeacall.B.Haveameeting.C.Writesomethi

ngdown.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whatdidthemanthinkofthemovie?A.Interesting.B.Toolong.C.Funny.14.Whatkindofmoviewillthespeakerswatchnex

ttime?A.Ascarymovie.B.Awarmovie.C.Aromanticcomedy.15.Wheredoesthewomanwanttositnexttime?A.Neartheback.B

.Inthecenter.C.Inthefront.16.WhenwillthespeakersmeetonFriday?AAt6:00p.m.B.At7:00p.m.C.At8:00p.m.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相

关音频，请去附件查看】17.WhatdidthespeakergotoLondonfor？A.Toworkthere.B.Tohaveaholiday.C.Tovisitafriend.18.InwhichseasondidthespeakergotoLondon？A.Spring.B.Summ

er.C.Autumn.19.WhatdidthespeakerlikemostinLondon？A.Thewonderfulplays.B.Thedeliciousfood.C.Thebeautifulscener

y.20.Whatcanwelearnfromthetalk？A.It'snecessarytotakeanumbrellainLondon.B.ThespeakerwillgotoLondonagainthisyear.C.Mos

toftherestaurantsinLondononlyofferEnglishfood.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAfteralongwinte

r,springistheidealtimeforsightseeingandexploringLondon’sgreenspaces.ExploreLondon’sparksandgardensSp

ringtimeisoneoftheperfecttimesofyeartoexploreLondon’sparksandgardens,whenthecity’sRoyalParkswillbebloomingwithflowers.Goandadmiretherainb

owofazaleas(杜鹃花)atRichmondParkorhireadeckchairinStJames’sParkwithaviewofBuckinghamPalace.Enjoyentertainments(娱乐活动)ataspringfestivalThereareagoodmanyf

estivalsandeventsheldinLondonthroughoutspring.MakethemostoftheculturalexhibitionsattheBritishLibrarySpringFestival,theSundanceFilmFestivalorth

eLondonLiteratureFestival;headtoShakespeare’sGlobe,whichhostsopen-airShakespeareperformancesfromlateApriltoearlyOctober.Getac

tiveWarmerweathermeansthere’snoexcuseforstayingindoors,sogoforawalkingorcyclingtourofLondon..。Alternatively(或者),walktheTh

amesPath,whichfollowstheriverallthewayfromcentralLondontothecountryside;makethemostofLondon’sBorisBikes,whichareavailableforhireall

aroundthecityandarefreeofchargeforthefirsthalfhour.Ifyou’rereallylookingforachallenge,signupforthefamousLondonMarathon,heldannuallyinApril

.TaketothewatersWhethercruising(乘船游览)alongtheRiverThames,hiringarowingboatinHydeParkorridingacanalboataroundLittleVenic

e,therearelotsoffunwaystogetoutonthewaterinLondon.Heldeveryyearsince1829,theOxfordandCambridgeBoatRaceallowstea

msfromEngland’smostfamousuniversitiestocompeteagainsteachother,anddrawshugecrowdsofpeopletowatch.21.Whichofthefollowi

ngistrueaccordingtothetext?A.YoucanseeBuckinghamPalacefromStJames’sPark.B.London’BorisBikesarefreetouseforawholeday.C.OutdoorShakespeareperforma

ncesareheldonlyinspring.D.TheOxfordandCambridgeBoatRacehasahistoryofover200years.22.IfyouareinterestedinBritishculture,

youareadvisedto__________.A.visitRichmondParkB.rowaboatinHydeParkC.attendthefestivalsinLondonD.walkt

heThamesPath23.Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingactivitieschallengesyoumost?A.WatchingtheBoatRace.B.JoiningintheLondonM

arathon.C.CruisingalongtheRiverThames.D.CyclingaroundLondon.B17-year-oldKenanPalahasawealthofexperienceindealingwithhomelessnessand

helpingthoseinneed.TheRanchoBernardostudentbecameoneofthe17youngadultsappointed(任命)tothenewlyrevamped(改进的)San

DiegoYouthCommissionbyMayorToddGloriain2021.“BeingontheCommissionisveryimportantandit’sanexcitingnewstageformyworki

nthecommunity,”Palasaid.PalastartedKids4Communityin2017.Thegroupworkswithlocalcharitiesandvolunteerorganizationstoencouragechildren

5anduptodocharitywork.Sincethebeginning,amajorfocusofKids4Communityhasbeentohelpthehomeless.Thegroup

meetsregularlytoprovidemealservicesandcarepackages(包裹)tothehomelessandthoseinneed.Palasaidhisinterestinhelpingotherscomesf

romtheexamplesetbyhisparents.“MyparentsmovedherefromTurkeyin1998.Lifewasreallyhardatfirst,butmyparent

ssaidtheygotalotofhelpfromtheSanDiegocommunity.Theytriedveryhardtogivebackwheneverandwhereverhelpwasneeded,”hesaid.Palaisalsochairoft

heLuckyDucklingsYouthAdvisoryBoard,partoftheLuckyDuckFoundation,anothercharitywiththemissionofdrivingyo

uthparticipationincommunityissues,particularlyinhelpingtodealwiththeissueofhomelessyouth.Theyoungmanhasjustbe

enadmittedtoYaleUniversity.AtYale,heplanstomajorineconomicsorbusiness,becausepersonalfundsandprivateequity(私募股权)

areallhisinterests.“Iwanttopursue(追求)acareerpath,butlinkitwithmycommunityandsocialwork,”hesaid.Meanwhile,PalasaidtheCommis

sionmembershavealreadybeencommunicatingwitheachotherthroughemail,andheisveryexcitedtoworkwithlike-mindedpeoplewhowanttomakeadifference.24.Wh

atdidKenanPaladoin2021?A.Hesetuphisfirstcharityorganization.B.HemovedtoSanDiegowithhisparents.C.HestartedtoworkwithSanDiegoYouthCommissi

on.D.HeenteredYaleUniversitymajoringinsocialscience.25.WhatcanwelearnaboutKids4Community?A.Itwassetupmorethansevenyearsago.B.ItwascreatedbyKenan

PalaandToddGloria.C.Itencourageschildrentogetinvolvedincharity.D.Itoffershomelesspeoplefoodandjobopportunities.26.Paladevelopedaninterestinchari

tywork________.A.afterreceivinghelpfromhisneighborsB.fromseeingwhathisparentshadbeendoingC.afterworkingwiththeLuckyDuckFound

ationD.bylearningfromthelovingcommunityhelivedin27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“link”meaninparagraph7?A.Connect.

B.Compare.C.Share.D.Replace.CAnunpleasantsmellfloatedintomynoseasthebowloffriedstinkytofusettledontomygrandmother’sdinnertable.Iimmediat

elysatback.ThesmellruinedmyappetiteandIpushedthedishaway.“It’ssupposedtostink.Justgiveitatry!”mygrandmothersaid.,Holdingmybreath,I

unwillinglytookabite.Tomysurprise,thetofubeneaththefriedskinwaswarm,soft,andmouthwatering.Thus,stinkytofubecamemorethanahouseholdtradition.I

tbecamemyfavoritedish.Alongwiththestinkytofu,IwouldmeetmyUncleChanoneveryvisit.Asanimmatureboy,Ineverunderstoodmyuncle’scondi

tionofDownsyndrome(唐氏综合征).Hewasanunfriendlyandterriblecreatureinmyeyes.Heconstantlywalkedaroundthehouse,talkingtohimself.When

everhewaswithinview,Iwouldrunawayinfear.However,oneday,myviewofmyunclesuddenlychanged.IwasjustgettingoutofmybedwhenIheardsoftstepsapproachi

ng.Itwasmyuncle.Mymusclesfroze.Heslowlysatnexttomeandtouchedmyfacegently,asamotherwouldstroke(抚摸)ababy.Awidesmileemergedfromhisblankexpressi

on.Howbeautifulhissmilewas!Icouldnothelpbutsmileback.Myfeardisappearedgradually,andmymusclesrelaxed.Myuncleverymuchresembl

esstinkytofu.Stinkytofusmellsunpleasantontheoutside,yetfeelswarmandsoftintheinside.Likestinkytofu,myuncle’sDowns

yndromemademekeepmydistanceatfirst.Yet,Ilearnedthatdeepinside,heisharmlessandhasalovingnature.Theoutsideandins

ideofthestinkytofuexistastwoextremelydifferentworlds.Perhapsthatiswhatmakesitsuchatastydish.Notonlyisitdelicious,stinkytofuoffersavaluablel

esson:neverjudgepeopleatfirstglance,fortruebeautycomesfromtheinside.28.Whydidstinkytofubecometheauthor’sfavoritedish?A.Itwasre

latedtofamilytradition.B.Itturnedouttobequitedelicious.C.Grandmaencouragedhimtotryit.D.Hisappetiteforfoodhadincreased

.29.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsUncleChanchangedwhen________.A.Chan’sfootstepswokeuptheauthorB.ChanshowedhisfriendlinesstotheauthorC.

ChandisplayedhislovetowardshismotherD.Chan’sblankexpressionmadetheauthorsmile30.Whatispurposeincomparinghisuncle

tostinkytofu?A.TohighlightthenatureofUncleChanB.ToanalyzethefamilyrelationshipC.TodescribeachildhoodmemoryD.Tointroduceatradi

tionalChinesefood31.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellusinthepassage?A.Weshouldn’tjudgebyappearances.B.Aperson’stastechange

sovertime.C.Bloodisthickerthanwater.D.Youarewhatyoueat.DInastudypublishedinNatureCommunications,researchersfro

mtheUniversityofZurichtold50peoplethey’dbereceivingabout$100.Halfofthepeoplewereaskedtospendthatmoneyonth

emselves,andhalfwereaskedtospenditonsomeonetheyknew.Beforegivingoutanymoney,theresearchersbroughteveryoneintothelabandaskedthemtothi

nkaboutafriendthey’dliketogiveagifttoandhowmuchtheywouldspend.TheythenperformedfunctionalMRIscans(扫描)togettoknowactivityinth

reepartsofthebrainrelatedtosocialbehavior,generosity,happinessanddecision-making.Theirchoices—andtheirbrainactivity—seemedtodependonhowtheyhadpromi

sedtospendthemoneyearlier.Thosewhohadpromisedtospendmoneyonotherpeopletendedtomakemoregenerousdecisionsthroughouttheexpe

riment(实验).Theyalsohadmoreinteractionbetweenthepartsofthebrainrelatedtoaltruism(无私)andhappiness,andtheyr

eportedhigherlevelsofhappinessaftertheexperimentwasover.Anotherpieceofgoodnewswasthatplanningtogiveawayjustalitt

lebitofmoneyhadthesameeffectsonhappinessasgivingawayalot.“Atleastinourstudy,theamountspentdidnotmatter,”saysleadauthorPhilippeTobler.“Evenlittlet

hingshaveabeneficialeffect—likebringingcoffeetoone’sworkmates.”It’snotyetclearhowlongthesewarmfeelingslastafterbeinggenerous.Butstudieshaveshownthat

olderpeoplewhoaregeneroustendtohavebetterhealth,saysTobler,andotherresearchhassuggestedthatspendingmoneyonotherscanbeeffectiveatloweringbloodpr

essure.“Moreover,thereisapositiveconnectionbetweenhelpingothersandlifeexpectancy(预期寿命),”headds.Nexttimeyout

hinkthatthebestwaytomakeyourselffeelbetteristobuyyourselfatreat,considerthattheoppositeislikelytrue.“Itisworthgivingit

atry,evenifyouthinkitwouldnotwork,”Toblersays.“Repeatedpracticeisprobablyneededsothatgivingbecomessecondnature.”32.Whatdidtheresearchersfindoutab

outthosepromisingtospendmoneyonotherpeople?A.Theyweremuchhappier.B.Theyhadlessbrainactivity.C.Theyweresloweratmakingdecisions.D.Theyexperience

dhigherlevelsofstress.33.WhatdoesToblerwanttoexplainbymentioningbringingcoffeetoworkmates?A.Itisn’thardt

obehavegenerously.B.Beinggenerouswillpayoffintheend.C.Theamountofgenerositydidnotmatter.D.Smallactsofgenerositycanbeseeneverywhere.34.Whatdoesparagra

ph4mainlytellus?A.Waystoshowgenerosity.B.Healthbenefitsofbeinggenerous.C.Reasonsforperformingactsofgenerosity.D.Influencesgener

ouspeoplehaveonothers.35.WhatdoesToblersuggestpeopledointhelastparagraph?A.Practicegivingandmakeitaha

bit.B.Don’texpectanythinginreturnwhengiving.C.Don’tbelievehappinessdependsonagoodtreat.D.Performsomethinggoodeven

ifitmayhaveabadresult.第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thesciencesaretraditio

nallyviewedasasetofdifficultsubjectsforstudents,butinrealitytheyareincreasinglyimportantforyoutounderstand.____36____An

dsciencemaybeanimportantpartofyoureducationupthroughcollege.Learningscientificconcepts(概念)throughcreativeclassroomexperi

encesmayhelpyoubetterenjoyandunderstandthesubject.Makeagroup.Tryformingacluborgroupthatmeetsonceortwiceawe

ekbeforeschoolorduringlunchforscience-relatedactivities.____37____Useclubtimetoplayscientificgames,watchdocumen

taries,andtrydifferentexperiments.____38____SimpleexperimentssuchasMagicBottleareeasilydoneathomeinyoursparetime.Morecomplexexperimentscanbedone

forclassprojectsandsciencefairs.Ifyouaredoingyourexperimentforclassorasciencefair,itisimportanttofollowthescientificmethodsothatyo

ucanproperlyrecordandreportyourexperiment.Drawapicture.Ifyouareavisual(视觉的)learner,turnyourstudiesintoart.____39___

_Bedetailedandincludelabels.If,forexample,youaredrawingaplantcell(细胞),identifythecellwall,chloroplast(叶绿体),etc.Makesurethereisinformationtomatchth

evisuals.____40____Creativityhasbeenshowntohelpstudentsactivelyengageinthelearningprocess.Getcreative

andcolorfulwithyourdrawings,eveniftheydon’texactlymatchthemodelsinthetextbooks.A.Becolorful.B.Performexperiments.C.

Useitasaformofgroupstudy.D.Drawpicturestohelpyoufollowyourcoursematerial.E.Askyourteacherifanymodelsareavailab

letotheclass.FUnderstandingsciencehelpsyoubetterunderstandtheworldaroundyou.G.Gettingtheconceptsrightisn’tasimportantassimplye

ncouragingpositivethinking.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Youneverknowwho’shavingabadday

.One____41____canturnastranger’sentiredayaround.I____42____thiswhileIwasinBrisbanebackinFebruary.Iwaswalkingononeofthemainstreets.Astra

ngerwaswalkingtowardsmeonthesidewalk.Helooked____43____andseemedtobehavingaterribleday.I____44____toshowhimalittleki

ndness.SoIbrieflymadeeyecontactandsmiledforafewseconds.Hestoppedandsaid,“I’mvery____45____toyou.Irecentlygotmaderedundant(被裁员)andfeelterribleab

outmy____46____.Youmademefeelalittlebitbetter.”ThetruthisthatIwasn’t____47____tohaveaconversationabouts

omeone’s____48____inlife.Ijustwantedtosmile.Butweendedup____49____forseveralminutes.Afterward,heseemedtobeinamuchhappiermood(心情)

.A_____50_____isjustafriendthatyouhaven’tmetyet.Bethetypeofpersonwhoshowssmallkindnessestostrangers.Becomeabeacon(灯塔)of_____51_____duri

ngmomentswhenpeoplefeelhopeless.Becomeaguidinglightwhensomeoneis_____52_____oneofthedarkesttimesoftheirlife.

Smileateveryoneyouseeonthestreet.The_____53_____itcanhaveisincrediblyprofound(深远的).Smallactsof_____54_____canachievesomuch.Asthes

unmakesicemelt(融化),kindnesscausesmisunderstanding,mistrust,andunfriendlinessto_____55_____.41.A.smileB.signC.decisionD.gift42.A.learn

edB.heardC.imaginedD.mentioned43.A.oldB.sleepyC.unfriendlyD.unhappy44.A.refusedB.wantedC.promisedD.forgot45.A.openB.importantC.gratef

ulD.similar46.A.historyB.lifeC.progressD.health47.A.helpingB.expectingC.agreeingD.remembering48.A.plansB.secretsC.problemsD.examples49.A.cheer

ingB.waitingC.runningD.chatting50.A.customerB.neighborC.strangerD.traveler51.A.freedomB.hopeC.successD.

truth.52.A.goingthroughB.dependingonC.thinkingaboutD.lookinginto53.A.impactB.respectC.connectionD.challenge54.A.patienceB.courageC.encouragem

entD.kindness55.A.happenB.disappearC.workD.matter第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5.分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。CarlEdwardS

aganwasanAmericanastronomer.Heisbestknown____56____hisworkasasciencepopularizerandcommunicator.Hisbestknownscientific____57____(contribut

e)isresearchonextraterrestriallife(外星生命).Saganpublishedmore____58____600scientificpapersandmanypopula

rsciencebooks.Henarrated(解说)andco-wrotetheaward-winning1980televisionseriesCosmos:APersonalVoyage,____59____

hasbeenseenbyatleast500millionpeopleacross60differentcountries.ThebookCosmos____60____(publish)inthesameyearwasalsoarealhit.Healso____61___

_(create)thesciencefictionnovelContact,thebasisfora1997filmofthesamename.Saganspentmostof____62____(he)careerasap

rofessorofastronomyatCornellUniversity,wherehedirectedtheLaboratoryforPlanetaryStudies.Saganwasverygoodat____63____(help)peopletounderstandtheuniver

seandreceivedplentyof____64____(award),includingthePulitzerPrizeforhisbookTheDragonsofEden.Afteralonganddiffi

cultfightwithdisease,Sagandiedattheageof62.Saganwasveryimportant,becausehemadesciencepopular,and_____65_____(actual)changed

thewaysciencewaspresented.The1997movieContactfinishedafterhisdeathandendedwiththededication(献词)“ForC

arl.”第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）66.第一节应用文写作（满分15分）66.假如你是李华，你的好朋友苏茹在交友方面存在着一些困难，请根据下面提示用英语给她写一封80词左右的信。1.要交朋友首先要对别人友好，和他们坦诚相处；2.其次，要和朋友同甘共苦，患难见真情；3.而且

，有误解时，只要是你的错，就应该向朋友道歉；4.要设身处地地朋友着想，友谊需要时间和投入。DearSuRu,________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________为____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua67.第二节（满分25分）67.阅读下

面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Janewasstillsleepingwhenthephoneranginthelivingroom.Sheopenedhersleepyeyesandlookedatth

eclockonthetable.Itwasalreadynineo’clock!AlthoughJanewasstillverysleepy,sheknewshehadtogetupbecausehermotherwasworkinginhe

rofficeandshecouldn’texpectheryoungerbrotherTom,whowassleepinglikeapig,toanswerthePhone.Shequicklyputonacoatandrantothelivingro

om.Whenshepickedupthereceiver,ontheotherendcamethewarmgreeting,“Goodmorning!”Itwasfromherfather,whowasaseamanandrarelycameback.Sudde

nly,Jane’ssleepinessdisappeared.Borninanot-so-richfamily,JaneandTomfeltthestressoflife,buttheywerehappytoenjoythefamilyatmos

phere.Atschool,theywerestraight-Astudentsandtookpartinvariousafter-schoolactivities.Theyweretheprideof

thefamily.“Goodmorning,Dad.Whydoyoucallussoearlyontheweekend?”Janesaidandpretendedtobeannoyed.“TomandIhavebeenverynicerecently

.”“Mydear,todayisyourmother’sbirthday,andIhaveorderedacakeonlineanditwillbesenttoourhomelateintheaft

ernoon.Doremembertotakethecake.Itismysurpriseforyourmother.”Hearingherfather’swords,Janefeltalittleashamed.Howcouldsheforgethermother’s

birthday?!Whileshewaschattingwithherfather,Janelookedaroundtheroomandsawalotofdirtyclothesonthesofa.Thefloorhadn’tbeen

cleanedforafewdayssincehermotherhadtoworkallthisweek.Shelookedattheclockagainandwassurethatshestillhadenoughti

metoprepareasurpriseforhermother.“Well,Dad,nowI’mgoingtowakeTomup.WewillgiveMumasurprise,too!”Janesaidandhungupthe

telephone.注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。JanehurriedtoTom’sroomandsharedherplanwithhim._______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________“Happybirthday,Mum!”JaneandTomshoutedwhentheirmotheropenedthed

oor._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________