北京市中央民族大学附属中学2021-2022学年高三下学期2月适应性练习英语试题

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1中央民大附中2021—2022学年第二学期年级高三科目英语时长90分钟总分100分第一部分:知识运用(共两节,共30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A

、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Iwasthefoolatschool,regardedasaspecialneedsstudent.Iwastermedassuch.Overtime,Istartedtobelieveinmystupidity.Iacc

eptedthefactthatIwasinspecialneedsclassesandpoureditoutasangeranddepression.Butoneactivity__1__thisviewofmyself:chess.Ista

rtedtoplaychesswithmyfatherafterschoolsimplybecauseIwantedto__2__himatsomething.Myfatherwasasmartman.So,winninginchessagai

nstmyfatherwouldbea__3__thatIhadintellectualpower.Onthesmallchessboard,Ihadachancetoovercomemyso-calledinability.Gameaf

tergame,oneweekend,Ifinallycheckmatedmyfatheronaferryride,whichmademefeel__4__.Twoyearslater,Ijoinedmyschoolchessteam.Ther

ecameachancetoplayagainstthebestplayersinotherstates.Mymost__5__gamecameinthefinalround.Itwasactuallyamatch

betweenaspecialneedsstudentandasmartsoul.Myopponentwasplayingwellandkept__6__whileIkeptdefendingtokeepmykings

afe.Withlittle__7__left,hestartedtomakerapidmoves.__8__hecouldmakethefinaldecision,heranoutoftime.Honest

ly,ashisclockflagfell,Ijumpedupoutofmyseatandkissedtheflooroutofexcitement.Ofcourseitwasnotthemostsportsmen-like__9__,butIcoul

dnotcontrolmyemotions.Whileholdingmywinner’scup,IknewIwasnot__10__.Theinferioritycomplexhadmeltedaway,andIrealizedthatunderneathourthoughts,eachp

ersonisagenius.1.A.changedB.supportedC.questionedD.showed2.A.pleaseB.comfortC.beatD.disturb3.A.dreamB.lessonC.theoryD.sign4.A.over

joyedB.disappointedC.puzzledD.interested5.A.terribleB.memorableC.dangerousD.popular6.A.attackingB.smilingC.pausingD.escaping27.A.

patienceB.timeC.energyD.wisdom8.A.OnceB.UntilC.BeforeD.Unless9.A.spiritB.thoughtC.commentD.behavior10.A.proudB.stupidC.brightD.lazy第二节(共10小题;每小题1

.5分,共15分)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AAchubbypandawearinganiceshell,theBeijing

2022WinterOlympicsmascotBingDwenDwenhasbecomethebreakoutstaroftheGames,__11__(win)theheartsofathletes,politicians,themediaandsports

fansacrosstheglobe.BingDwenDwensofttoyshavebecomesopopularthatPresidentXiJinpinghasofferedPrinceofMonacoAlbertIIapairofthemascotsas__12__(gift).O

nSaturday,theprince__13__(receive)afigurineofBingDwenDwenattheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijing,andasked__14__hecouldhave

asecondonebecausehehastwins,accordingtoaChinaCentralTelevisionreport.BThefirstsuccessfulorgantransplantusingapig'shearttoaliv

inghumanpatienthastakenplace,leadingtohopesthatoneday"xenotransplantation"(异种器官移植)__15__(become)agame-cha

nger.Inaworld__16__manydesperatelyillpeopledieeachdaywaitingontheorgandonorlist,technologythatenableskidneysa

ndheartsgrownfromanimalsourceswouldbeahugebreakthrough.Advancesingeneticengineeringinthelastfewyearshavebeenpivotalinmakingthisareality.T

hegeneeditingtoolCRISPRhasmadeiteasierforscientists__17__(edit)thegenesofthepig'sheart,makingitlesslikelytoexpre

ssaparticularproteinthatwillleadittoberejectedbythehumanbody.CThemakerofatestsomecollegesusetodecidewhotoaccept,theSAT,saiditwillstopofferingstudent

spapertestsby2024.TheSATisastandardizedtest.Thatmeansitisthesameforeveryonewho__18__(take)itonthesamedate.TheCo

llege3BoardinNewYorkCitycreatestheSATandPSATtests.MostAmericanstudentstakethesetests__19__applyingtocollege.Theorganizationsaiditwillnolongerpro

videpapertestsforinternationalstudentsin2023and,ayearlater,forAmericanstudents.ThecompanythatproducestheSATsaidTuesdaythetestwillmoveto

acomputerversioninfutureyears.Thetestalsowillbeonehour__20__(short)andgiventostudentsonacomputer,theor

ganizationsaid.However,studentswillstillneedtotakethetestataschoolortestingcenter.第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的

A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheYouthScienceDiscoveryExperience(YSDE)teamsstudentsandteacherswithpracticingscientiststopursuesemester-long

(整个学期)projectsinfieldsofscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics.GoalsIntroducenewscientifictopics,especiallythosenottypicallyco

veredintraditionalcoursesinhighschools.Encouragelifelonglearninginscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics.Develo

psciencereasoningskillsandanunderstandingofthescientificresearchprocess.Preparestudentstofacechallengesofcollege,career

,andcontinuingeducation.Developcreativity,buildself-confidence,andpromotefriendshipamongtheyouth.421.OneofthepurposesofYSDEisto______.A.providey

oungscientistswithassistanceB.introducenewuniversitycoursesC.promotethemodeofsciencethinkingD.encourageeducationresearch22.TheYSDEprogramparticipan

tswill_____.A.liveinthecenterthroughoutthesemesterB.spendfivedaysorganizingtheprogramProgramOverviewTheYSDEprogramusesaproject-basedlearningmodel.

Eachresearchteamconsistsofsixtenth-gradestudents,oneteacher,andonepracticingscientist.Togethertheteaminvestig

atesanareaofcurrentscientificconcern.Theprogramintegratesin-residenceexperienceswithcontinuingeducationactivitiesconductedinthestudents’

andteacher’sschoolsetting.YSDEbeginswithafive-dayresidentialsessioninthecenterwherestudentswilllearnprinciplesofscientificinq

uiry.Eachresearchteamworkswithitsscientisttoplananapproachtoitsproject.SessioninresidenceallowsYSDEmemberstoparticipateinth

emagnificentoutdoornaturallaboratoryprovidedbythesurroundingnationalforests.Thentheteamsreturntotheirhomeinstitutionsandcontinue

workingonresearchprojectsthroughoutthesemester.YSDEconcludeswithafinalsessioninresidencewhereteamsprese

nttheirresearch.ProgramFeaturesPhysicalEnvironmentYSDEfacilitiesincludesciencelaboratories,acomputerc

enter,andartsandmusicstudios.Theareaprovidesanoutstandingnaturallaboratoryforteachingandexperimentation.Beingsepar

atedfromtheusualdisturbancesofcitiesprovidesanurturingatmosphere.Intensive(集中的),CooperativeLearningTheresidentialpartofYSDEo

ffersnear“around-the-clock”learningopportunitiesinachallengingyetfriendlysetting.Cooperativelearningencouragesteamworkandcooperativeskills,usingscie

nceasacommonlanguagetoallowstudentstolearnfrompeers,staff,andvisitingexperts.ProfessionalPartnershipsYSDE’srelations

hipwithpartnerorganizationshelpscompletetheprogram.Partnerorganizationsareselectedandinvitedontheirinterestindevelopingproje

ct-basedlearningactivitiesforstudentsinhighschool.YSDE’spartnershipswithorganizationsliketheCanaanValleyInstit

uteandtheNationalRadioAstronomyObservatoryprovideuniqueaccesstoworld-classfacilitiesandhumanresources.FormoreinformationaboutYSDE,pleasevis

itourwebsiteatwww.nysf.com,orwritetousatPostOfficeBox715,Charleston,WV15358-352.5C.doresearchinthenaturalenvironmentD.prese

ntresearchresultsintheirownschools23.WhatmakestheYSDEprogramspecial?A.Competitivelearningatmosphere.B.Accesstovariousphysical

activities.C.Methodsofacquiringsciencelanguage.D.Supportfromcooperativeorganizations.BThesummerof2016,theshipMVTreasuresunk,creatinganoils

pill.ThirteenhundredtonsoffueloilwereflowingrightinthemiddleoftheAfricanPenguins’habitat.Soontheoilcovere

dabout20,000penguins.Withoutswifthelp,theseabirdswouldhavenochanceforsurvival.VolunteerswereshowingupbythethousandsandIalsotookpar

tinwhatwasthelargestanimalrescueoperationever.Awarehousewasturnedintoarescuecenternearthehabitatandhun

dredsofpoolswerebuilttoholdabout100oiledbirdseach.Whenwalkingintothecenter,Icouldn’tbelievemyears.Ihadexpectedtowalkintoachorusofhonkingandsquawkin

g(叫声).Instead,thecentersoundedlikealibrary.Thepenguinsweredeadsilent.Myheartachedforthepainfulbirds.Cleaningth

emallseemedlikeanimpossibletask.Butwehadtocarryonlikedoctorsinanemergencyroom.Therewasnotimefordoubt.Cleaningoiloffapenguinwasn’teasy.Evenwithmoretha

n12,500volunteers,ittookamonthtobatheall20,000birdsatthecenter.Whilevolunteerswerebusybathingtheoiledpenguins,anothercrisiswasdeveloping.Oilfrom

thespillhadstartedmovingnorth.Tensofthousandsofpenguinswereintheoil’spath.Butwealreadyhadourhandsfullwith20,000recoveringbirds.Ifanymorebir

dswereoiled,wewouldn’thaveenoughresourcestosavethem.Oneresearchercameupwithanidea:Whatifthepenguinsweretemporarilymovedoutofharm’sway?Expertsdecided

tohaveatry.Volunteersroundedupthepenguinsandreleasedthem500milesaway.Thehopewasthatbythetimetheseabirdsswamhome,theoilwo

uldbegone.Theplanworked!Another20,000penguinsweresaved.Theentirepenguinrescuetookaboutthreemonths.Morethan90%oftheoiledpengui

nsweresuccessfullyreturnedtothewild.Lookingbackontherescue,Iamstillamazedbytheworkofthevolunteers.WhatIcouldhardlybelievewasthatwe6ac

complishedanimpossibletask.24.TheAfricanpenguinswereindangerbecauseof________.A.aknockbyashipB.alackofhelpC.achangeofhabitatsD.aspillofoil25.Whenwal

kingintotherescuecenter,theauthorfelt________.A.shockedB.hopelessC.ambitiousD.inspired26.Thecrisiswasende

dby________.A.stoppingtheflowoftheoilB.cleaningthepollutedhabitatC.askingmorevolunteerstohelpDmovingthepenguinsfromh

ome27.Theauthormainlyintendstotellusthat________.A.unitetomaketheearthpollution-freeB.wherethereisawillthereisawayC.thefutureofwildlifeisino

urhandsD.manyhandsmakegreatworkCAhandshakeseemstobeanormalgesture.Infact,inthe9thcenturyBC,anancientsiteduringtherulingofShalmaneserIIIclearlyshowst

wofiguresholdinghands.TheIliad,usuallydatedtothe8thcenturyBC,mentionsthattwocharacters"takingeachother'shandsandexpressingtheirloyalty."C

enturieslater,Shakespeareoncewroteoftwocharacters-whoshookhandsandsworetobebrothersinthebookAsYouLikeIt.Shakinghandsseemstobeanancientcustomwhosero

otshavedisappearedinthesandsoftime.Historianswhohavestudiedancientetiquette(礼仪)booksnotethatthemodernhandshakedidnotappearuntilthe

middleofthe19thcentury,whenitwasconsideredaslightlyinappropriategesturethatcouldonlybeusedbetweenfriends.ButwhatifShakespearehadw

rittenabouthandshakinghundredsofyearsearlier?AccordingtoauthorTorbjornLundmarkinhisTalesofHiandBye:GreetingandPartingRitualsAroundthe

World,theproblemcomesindifferingdefinitionsofthehandshake.Theearlyhandshakesmentionedabovewerepartofm

akingdealsorpeace;KingShalmaneserIIIreferredtoarebellioninwhichhesignedatreatywiththeKingofBabylon.IntheIlia

d,DiomedesandGlaucusshookhandswhentheyrealizedtheywereguest-friends,andDiomedesdeclared:“Let'snottrytokilleachother."Shakespearewassimilarly

referencingsettlementofaconflict.Themodernhandshakeasaformofgreetingishardertotrace.AsaDutchsociologistHerman

Roodenburg--thechiefauthorityforthehistoryofhandshaking--7wroteinachapterofananthologycalledACulturalHistoryofGesture,“Morethanin

anyotherfield,thatofthestudyofgestureisoneinwhichthehistorianhastomakethemostofonlyafewclues".Oneoftheearliestclueshe

citesisa16th-centuryGermantranslationoftheFrenchwriterRabelais'sGargantuaandPantagruel.WhenonecharactermeetsGargantua,Rabe

laiswrites,“Hewasgreetedbycountlesshugsandcountlessgooddays."ButaccordingtoRoodenburg,the16th-centuryGermantranslationaddedreferencestoshak

inghands.ApopularsayingsuggeststhatCleland'sstatementsagainstbowingwereactuallyawishtogobacktoapotentiallytraditiona

lmethodofgreetinginEurope.Asthecenturiesprogressed,handshakingwasreplacedbymorehierarchical(等级的)waysofgreeting-likebowing.Acc

ordingtoRoodenburg,handshakingsurvivedinafewremoteplaces,likeinDutchtownswheresomewouldusethegesturetomakepeacea

fterdisagreements.Aroundthesametime,thosewhovaluedequalityalsomadeusofhandshaking.Then,astheContinent'shierarchywasweakened,h

andshakingbecameacommonpracticeamongpeopleofthesamerank,asitistoday.28.WhydoestheauthormentionShakespeareinthefirsttwop

aragraphs?A.Toprovethatthehistoryofhandshakingishardtofind.B.Toillustratethathandshakingisaveryoldcustom.C.Toshowrea

dersthathandshakingiscommoninfiction.D.Toexplainthevalueofhandshakingincommunication.29.Whatcanwelearnabouthandshakingfromthepassage?

A.Theoriginofhandshakingasaformofgreetingiseasytotrace.B.CitizensusuallyshakehandstoshowfriendlinessinHolland.C.Itwasused

onlybetweenfriendsandtoreachanagreement.D.Itisacommonpracticebetweenpeopleofdifferentsocialpositions.30.Whatisthewritingpurposeofthep

assage?A.Toexplainwhyhandshakingisnotasnormalasitseems.B.Tocomparethedifferencesbetweenhandshakingandothergestures.C.

Totracethehistoryofthepracticeofhandshaking.D.Toillustratevarioususesofhandshakingindifferenceareas.DNooneknowswhat

thefuturewilllooklike.Newtechnologyandclimatechange8mightmaketheworldmoredifferentthanwecanpossiblyimagine.Sowehad

betterkeepanopenmindandhopeforthebest.Wehavenoideawhatthejobmarketwilllooklikein2050.Itisgenerallyagreedthatmachinele

arningandroboticswillchangealmosteverylineofwork—fromproducingyoghurttoteachingyoga.However,thereareconflictingviewsabout

thenatureofthechangeanditsurgency.Somebelievethatwithinameredecadeortwo,billionsofpeoplewillbecomeec

onomicallyredundant(多余的).Othersmaintainthateveninthelongrunautomationwillkeepcreatingnewjobsandgreaterpr

osperityforall.Soareweonanedgeofaterrifyingsuddenchange,oraresuchforecastsyetanotherexampleofill-foundedLuddite(反机械化和自动化的人)hysteria(歇斯底里)?Itis

hardtosay.Fearsthatautomationwillcreatemassiveunemploymentgobacktothenineteenthcentury,andsofartheyhavenevermaterialized.Sincetheb

eginningoftheIndustrialRevolution,foreveryjoblosttoamachineatleastonenewjobwascreated,andtheaveragestandardofliv

inghasincreaseddramatically.Yettherearegoodreasonstothinkthatthistimeitisdifferent,andthatmachinelearningwillbearealgamechanger.Humanshavetw

otypesofabilities—physicalandcognitive(认知的).Inthepast,machinescompetedwithhumansmainlyinrawphysicalabilities,whi

lehumansstillhadagreatadvantageovermachinesincognition.Henceasmanualjobsinagricultureandindustrywereautomated,newservicejobsemergedt

hatrequiredthekindofcognitiveskillsonlyhumanspossessed:learning,analyzing,communicatingandaboveallunderstandin

ghumanemotions.However,AIisnowbeginningtooutperformhumansinmoreandmoreoftheseskills,includingintheunderstandingofhumanemotions.Wedon'tknowofanyth

irdfieldofactivity—beyondthephysicalandthecognitive—wherehumanswillalwaysmaintainasecureadvantage.Itiscru

cialtorealizethattheAIrevolutionisnotjustaboutcomputersgettingfasterandsmarter.Itisfueledbybreakthroughsinthelifescienc

esandthesocialsciencesaswell.Thebetterweunderstandthebiochemicalmechanismsthatsupporthumanemotions,desiresandch

oices,thebettercomputerscanbecomeinanalyzinghumanbehavior,predictinghumandecisions,andreplacinghumandrivers,bankersandlaw

yers.Inthelastfewdecades,researchinneuroscienceandbehavioraleconomicsallowedscientiststogainamuchbet

terunderstandingofhowhumansmakedecisions.Itturnedoutthatourchoicesofeverythingfromfoodtomatesresultnotfromsomemysterious

freewill,butratherfrombillionsofneuronscalculatingprobabilitieswithinasplitsecond.Boasting'humanintuition'(直

觉)isactuallypatternrecognition.931.Thesecondparagraphtellsusabout__________.A.predictionsabouttherol

eofmachinelearninginfuturejobmarket.B.thespeedatwhichroboticswilltaketheplaceofhumanbeings.C.theurgencyofcreatin

gnewjobswiththehelpofautomation.D.thenatureofapplyingnewtechnologytoeverylineofwork.32.Theunderlinedexpressionof“ill-founded”inParagraph3isinclo

sestmeaningto__________.A.unidentifiedB.badly-managedC.unprovenD.ill-intended33.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothep

assage?A.LackofsecuritymightforcepeopletopickupmachinelearningB.ThereispossibilitythatAIcanperformaconsultingroleasapsychologist.C.

Theuseofautomationwillmakehumansmoreneededthaneverbefore.D.Arealgamechangerliesinmakingcomputersbecomefasterandsmart

er.34.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A.AIrevolutionissimilartotheindustrialrevolutionincausingunemployment.B.Iti

scrucialthathumanmaintainanadvantageinthethirdfieldofactivity.C.Theprocessofhumandecisioniscontrolledbyfreewillratherthanneurons.D.Then

atureofpreferenceatfirstsightistheresultofrecognizingpatterns.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将

该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Doyoufeelunderpressuretobemorecreativeatwork?___35___Studieshaverecentlyfoundthatcreativityisnowoneofthetopskillsmostworkplacesar

elookingforintheiremployees,astheystruggletodifferentiatethemselvesinanincreasinglycompetitiveworld.___36___Afterall,asman

yemployeesquietlyadmitduringtrainingworkshops:“Notallofuscanpaintordraw.”Thegoodnewsisthatcreativitycomesina

llsortsofforms.Themostcommontypeofcreativityissimplyallowingourbrainsthespacetoimaginedifferentconnections,patternsandpossibil

ities.Buthowcanyouimproveyourcreativityatwork?Herearethreeapproaches:Getcurious.Abigpartofcreativityiscuriosity.

Ithelpsyoutofocusyourattentionasyouexploredynamicmentalsimulationsbasedonpersonalpastexperiences,thoughtsaboutthefuturean

dexplorationofalternativeperspectivesandscenariostothepresent.Useyourcuriositytoexplorewhythingshappen,howtheywork,whati

mpacttheyhave.___37___10Bewillingtofail.___38___Likewiseiforganizationswishtocultivatecreativity,theyneedtoestablishcul

tureswheretheriskoffailureisacceptedaspartofthedeal.Thetruthisthatifyou’renotfailingsomeofthetime,you’renotstretchingfar

enoughoutsideofyourcomfortzonetokeeplearningandgrowing.Cultivatepositiveemotions.Positiveemotions—suchasgra

titude,compassion,joy,andinspiration—havebeenfoundtohelpyoubroadenyourthinking.___39___Tocultivatemorepositiveemotionsatwork,youcanpr

omotehigh-qualityconnectionswithothers,gratitude,kindness,hope,andfindwaystomakethemostofyourstrengths.A.Peoplecanmanagetheirownemotionsbetter.B.Beh

indeverycreativegeniusarestoriesoffailure.C.Ifyou’renoddingyourhead,you’reingoodcompany.D.Askquestionswithoutfearingthatyouw

illappearstupid.E.Wegraduallyloseourcuriosityandrelymoreonourexperience.F.Butdoyoueversecretlyworrythatyoulacktheartistictalentforcr

eativity?G.Also,theycanbuildyourcapacitytoseemorepossibilitiesandthinkmorecreatively.第三部分:书面表达(共两节,32分)第一节阅读表达(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分,第42小题3分,第43小题5分,共12

分)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisrespo

nsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;thatitlea

dstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirself-worthreliedonhowwelltheyperformedatt

ennisandotherskills.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlive-and-deathaffairs.Intheirsingle-mindedpursuitofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherh

umanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeat

titude.Inaculturewhichonlyvaluesthewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.Amongthemostvo

calareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseem

toseekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshavean11excuse:“Imayhavelost,butitdoesn’

tmatterbecauseIreallydidn’ttry.”Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost,thatwouldmeanalot.Such

alosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatoftruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Bo

tharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone’sself-respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.On

lyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodisappearcanwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.40.Whyares

omepeopleagainstcompetition?41.Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythepeoplewhodesiretofail?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowin

gstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Wecandiscoveranewmeaningincompetitionwhenwebelievethatone’sself-respectd

ependsonhowwelloneperformincompetition.43.Whatisyourunderstandingofthemeaningofcompetition?(about40words)第二节书面表

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