北京市中央民族大学附属中学2021-2022学年高三下学期2月适应性练习英语试题

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1中央民大附中2021—2022学年第二学期年级高三科目英语时长90分钟总分100分第一部分:知识运用(共两节,共30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在

答题纸上将该项涂黑。Iwasthefoolatschool,regardedasaspecialneedsstudent.Iwastermedassuch.Overtime,Istartedtobelieveinmystupi

dity.IacceptedthefactthatIwasinspecialneedsclassesandpoureditoutasangeranddepression.Butoneactivity__1__thisviewofmyself:chess

.IstartedtoplaychesswithmyfatherafterschoolsimplybecauseIwantedto__2__himatsomething.Myfatherwasasmartman.So,winninginchess

againstmyfatherwouldbea__3__thatIhadintellectualpower.Onthesmallchessboard,Ihadachancetoovercomemyso-calledinability.Gameaftergame,

oneweekend,Ifinallycheckmatedmyfatheronaferryride,whichmademefeel__4__.Twoyearslater,Ijoinedmyschoolchessteam.Therecameac

hancetoplayagainstthebestplayersinotherstates.Mymost__5__gamecameinthefinalround.Itwasactuallyamatchbetweenaspecialneeds

studentandasmartsoul.Myopponentwasplayingwellandkept__6__whileIkeptdefendingtokeepmykingsafe.Withlittle__7__left,hesta

rtedtomakerapidmoves.__8__hecouldmakethefinaldecision,heranoutoftime.Honestly,ashisclockflagfell,Ijumpedu

poutofmyseatandkissedtheflooroutofexcitement.Ofcourseitwasnotthemostsportsmen-like__9__,butIcouldnotcontrolmyemotions.Whileholdingmywinne

r’scup,IknewIwasnot__10__.Theinferioritycomplexhadmeltedaway,andIrealizedthatunderneathourthoughts,eachpersonisagenius.1

.A.changedB.supportedC.questionedD.showed2.A.pleaseB.comfortC.beatD.disturb3.A.dreamB.lessonC.theoryD.sign4.A.ove

rjoyedB.disappointedC.puzzledD.interested5.A.terribleB.memorableC.dangerousD.popular6.A.attackingB.smilingC.pausingD.escaping27

.A.patienceB.timeC.energyD.wisdom8.A.OnceB.UntilC.BeforeD.Unless9.A.spiritB.thoughtC.commentD.behavior1

0.A.proudB.stupidC.brightD.lazy第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填

空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AAchubbypandawearinganiceshell,theBeijing2022WinterOlympicsmascotBingDwenDwenhasbecomethebreakoutstaroftheGames,__11__(win

)theheartsofathletes,politicians,themediaandsportsfansacrosstheglobe.BingDwenDwensofttoyshavebecomesopopul

arthatPresidentXiJinpinghasofferedPrinceofMonacoAlbertIIapairofthemascotsas__12__(gift).OnSaturday,theprince__13__(r

eceive)afigurineofBingDwenDwenattheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijing,andasked__14__hecouldhaveasecondonebecausehehastwins,accordingtoaChinaCentr

alTelevisionreport.BThefirstsuccessfulorgantransplantusingapig'shearttoalivinghumanpatienthastakenplace,leadi

ngtohopesthatoneday"xenotransplantation"(异种器官移植)__15__(become)agame-changer.Inaworld__16__manydesperatelyillpeopledieeachdaywaitingontheorgandonorlis

t,technologythatenableskidneysandheartsgrownfromanimalsourceswouldbeahugebreakthrough.Advancesingeneticen

gineeringinthelastfewyearshavebeenpivotalinmakingthisareality.ThegeneeditingtoolCRISPRhasmadeiteasierf

orscientists__17__(edit)thegenesofthepig'sheart,makingitlesslikelytoexpressaparticularproteinthatwillleadittoberejectedbythehumanbody.CThemake

rofatestsomecollegesusetodecidewhotoaccept,theSAT,saiditwillstopofferingstudentspapertestsby2024.TheSATisastandardizedtest.Thatmean

sitisthesameforeveryonewho__18__(take)itonthesamedate.TheCollege3BoardinNewYorkCitycreatestheSATandPSATtests.MostAmericanstu

dentstakethesetests__19__applyingtocollege.Theorganizationsaiditwillnolongerprovidepapertestsforinternationalstudentsin2023and,ayearlater,forAmerica

nstudents.ThecompanythatproducestheSATsaidTuesdaythetestwillmovetoacomputerversioninfutureyears.Thetestalsowillbeonehour__20__(short)

andgiventostudentsonacomputer,theorganizationsaid.However,studentswillstillneedtotakethetestataschoolortestingcenter.第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,38分)

第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheYouthScienceDiscoveryExperience(YSDE)teamsstudentsandte

acherswithpracticingscientiststopursuesemester-long(整个学期)projectsinfieldsofscience,technology,engineering,andmathematic

s.GoalsIntroducenewscientifictopics,especiallythosenottypicallycoveredintraditionalcoursesinhighschools.Encouragelifelon

glearninginscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics.Developsciencereasoningskillsandanunderstandingofthescientifi

cresearchprocess.Preparestudentstofacechallengesofcollege,career,andcontinuingeducation.Developcreativity,buildself-confidence,andpromot

efriendshipamongtheyouth.421.OneofthepurposesofYSDEisto______.A.provideyoungscientistswithassistanceB.introducenewuniversitycoursesC.promotethemod

eofsciencethinkingD.encourageeducationresearch22.TheYSDEprogramparticipantswill_____.A.liveinthecenterthroughoutthesemesterB.spendfiveda

ysorganizingtheprogramProgramOverviewTheYSDEprogramusesaproject-basedlearningmodel.Eachresearchteamconsistsofsixtenth-gradestude

nts,oneteacher,andonepracticingscientist.Togethertheteaminvestigatesanareaofcurrentscientificconcern.Theprogramintegr

atesin-residenceexperienceswithcontinuingeducationactivitiesconductedinthestudents’andteacher’sschoolsetting.YSDEbeginswithafive-dayresidentialse

ssioninthecenterwherestudentswilllearnprinciplesofscientificinquiry.Eachresearchteamworkswithitsscientisttoplananapproachtoitsproject.Sessionin

residenceallowsYSDEmemberstoparticipateinthemagnificentoutdoornaturallaboratoryprovidedbythesurroundingnatio

nalforests.Thentheteamsreturntotheirhomeinstitutionsandcontinueworkingonresearchprojectsthroughoutthesemeste

r.YSDEconcludeswithafinalsessioninresidencewhereteamspresenttheirresearch.ProgramFeaturesPhysicalEnviro

nmentYSDEfacilitiesincludesciencelaboratories,acomputercenter,andartsandmusicstudios.Theareaprovidesanou

tstandingnaturallaboratoryforteachingandexperimentation.Beingseparatedfromtheusualdisturbancesofcitiesprovides

anurturingatmosphere.Intensive(集中的),CooperativeLearningTheresidentialpartofYSDEoffersnear“around-the-clock”learningopportunitiesin

achallengingyetfriendlysetting.Cooperativelearningencouragesteamworkandcooperativeskills,usingscienceasacommonlanguagetoa

llowstudentstolearnfrompeers,staff,andvisitingexperts.ProfessionalPartnershipsYSDE’srelationshipwithpartnerorganiza

tionshelpscompletetheprogram.Partnerorganizationsareselectedandinvitedontheirinterestindevelopingproject-basedlearningactivitiesforstuden

tsinhighschool.YSDE’spartnershipswithorganizationsliketheCanaanValleyInstituteandtheNationalRadioAstronomyObservatoryprovi

deuniqueaccesstoworld-classfacilitiesandhumanresources.FormoreinformationaboutYSDE,pleasevisitourwebsiteatw

ww.nysf.com,orwritetousatPostOfficeBox715,Charleston,WV15358-352.5C.doresearchinthenaturalenvironmentD.present

researchresultsintheirownschools23.WhatmakestheYSDEprogramspecial?A.Competitivelearningatmosphere.B.Accesstovariousphysicalactivities.C.Methodsofac

quiringsciencelanguage.D.Supportfromcooperativeorganizations.BThesummerof2016,theshipMVTreasuresunk,creatinganoi

lspill.ThirteenhundredtonsoffueloilwereflowingrightinthemiddleoftheAfricanPenguins’habitat.Soontheoilcoveredabout20,000penguins

.Withoutswifthelp,theseabirdswouldhavenochanceforsurvival.VolunteerswereshowingupbythethousandsandIalsotookpartinwhatwasthelargestanima

lrescueoperationever.Awarehousewasturnedintoarescuecenternearthehabitatandhundredsofpoolswerebuilttoholdabout100o

iledbirdseach.Whenwalkingintothecenter,Icouldn’tbelievemyears.Ihadexpectedtowalkintoachorusofhonkingand

squawking(叫声).Instead,thecentersoundedlikealibrary.Thepenguinsweredeadsilent.Myheartachedforthepainfulbirds.Cleaningthemallseemedlikeanimp

ossibletask.Butwehadtocarryonlikedoctorsinanemergencyroom.Therewasnotimefordoubt.Cleaningoiloffapenguinwas

n’teasy.Evenwithmorethan12,500volunteers,ittookamonthtobatheall20,000birdsatthecenter.Whilevolunteerswerebusybathingtheoiled

penguins,anothercrisiswasdeveloping.Oilfromthespillhadstartedmovingnorth.Tensofthousandsofpenguinswereint

heoil’spath.Butwealreadyhadourhandsfullwith20,000recoveringbirds.Ifanymorebirdswereoiled,wewouldn’thaveenoughresour

cestosavethem.Oneresearchercameupwithanidea:Whatifthepenguinsweretemporarilymovedoutofharm’sway?Expertsdecidedtohaveatry.Volunteersroundedupthepengu

insandreleasedthem500milesaway.Thehopewasthatbythetimetheseabirdsswamhome,theoilwouldbegone.Theplanworked!Another20

,000penguinsweresaved.Theentirepenguinrescuetookaboutthreemonths.Morethan90%oftheoiledpenguinsweresuc

cessfullyreturnedtothewild.Lookingbackontherescue,Iamstillamazedbytheworkofthevolunteers.WhatIcouldhardlybeliev

ewasthatwe6accomplishedanimpossibletask.24.TheAfricanpenguinswereindangerbecauseof________.A.aknockbyashipB

.alackofhelpC.achangeofhabitatsD.aspillofoil25.Whenwalkingintotherescuecenter,theauthorfelt________.A.shoc

kedB.hopelessC.ambitiousD.inspired26.Thecrisiswasendedby________.A.stoppingtheflowoftheoilB.cleaningthepoll

utedhabitatC.askingmorevolunteerstohelpDmovingthepenguinsfromhome27.Theauthormainlyintendstotellusthat________.A.unitetomaketheear

thpollution-freeB.wherethereisawillthereisawayC.thefutureofwildlifeisinourhandsD.manyhandsmakegreatworkCAhandshakeseemstobeanormalgesture.Infac

t,inthe9thcenturyBC,anancientsiteduringtherulingofShalmaneserIIIclearlyshowstwofiguresholdinghands.TheIliad,usuallydatedtothe8t

hcenturyBC,mentionsthattwocharacters"takingeachother'shandsandexpressingtheirloyalty."Centurieslater,Shakes

peareoncewroteoftwocharacters-whoshookhandsandsworetobebrothersinthebookAsYouLikeIt.Shakinghandsseemstobeanancientcustomwhoserootshavedi

sappearedinthesandsoftime.Historianswhohavestudiedancientetiquette(礼仪)booksnotethatthemodernhandshakedidnotappearuntilthemiddleofthe19t

hcentury,whenitwasconsideredaslightlyinappropriategesturethatcouldonlybeusedbetweenfriends.ButwhatifShakespearehadwrittenabout

handshakinghundredsofyearsearlier?AccordingtoauthorTorbjornLundmarkinhisTalesofHiandBye:GreetingandPartingR

itualsAroundtheWorld,theproblemcomesindifferingdefinitionsofthehandshake.Theearlyhandshakesmentionedabovewerepart

ofmakingdealsorpeace;KingShalmaneserIIIreferredtoarebellioninwhichhesignedatreatywiththeKingofBabylon.IntheIliad,Diome

desandGlaucusshookhandswhentheyrealizedtheywereguest-friends,andDiomedesdeclared:“Let'snottrytokilleachother."Shakespearewassimilarly

referencingsettlementofaconflict.Themodernhandshakeasaformofgreetingishardertotrace.AsaDutchsociolog

istHermanRoodenburg--thechiefauthorityforthehistoryofhandshaking--7wroteinachapterofananthologycalledACultural

HistoryofGesture,“Morethaninanyotherfield,thatofthestudyofgestureisoneinwhichthehistorianhastomakethem

ostofonlyafewclues".Oneoftheearliestclueshecitesisa16th-centuryGermantranslationoftheFrenchwriterRabelais'sGargantuaandPantagruel.When

onecharactermeetsGargantua,Rabelaiswrites,“Hewasgreetedbycountlesshugsandcountlessgooddays."ButaccordingtoRoodenburg,the16th-centuryGermantrans

lationaddedreferencestoshakinghands.ApopularsayingsuggeststhatCleland'sstatementsagainstbowingwereactuallyawishtogobacktoapotentiallytraditionalme

thodofgreetinginEurope.Asthecenturiesprogressed,handshakingwasreplacedbymorehierarchical(等级的)waysofgr

eeting-likebowing.AccordingtoRoodenburg,handshakingsurvivedinafewremoteplaces,likeinDutchtownswheresomewouldus

ethegesturetomakepeaceafterdisagreements.Aroundthesametime,thosewhovaluedequalityalsomadeusofhandshaking.Then,as

theContinent'shierarchywasweakened,handshakingbecameacommonpracticeamongpeopleofthesamerank,asitistoday.28.WhydoestheauthormentionShak

espeareinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Toprovethatthehistoryofhandshakingishardtofind.B.Toillustratethathands

hakingisaveryoldcustom.C.Toshowreadersthathandshakingiscommoninfiction.D.Toexplainthevalueofhandshakingincommunication.29.What

canwelearnabouthandshakingfromthepassage?A.Theoriginofhandshakingasaformofgreetingiseasytotrace.B.Citizensusuallyshakehandstoshowfriendlines

sinHolland.C.Itwasusedonlybetweenfriendsandtoreachanagreement.D.Itisacommonpracticebetweenpeopleofdifferentsocialpositions.30.Whati

sthewritingpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainwhyhandshakingisnotasnormalasitseems.B.Tocomparethedifferences

betweenhandshakingandothergestures.C.Totracethehistoryofthepracticeofhandshaking.D.Toillustratevarioususeso

fhandshakingindifferenceareas.DNooneknowswhatthefuturewilllooklike.Newtechnologyandclimatechange8might

maketheworldmoredifferentthanwecanpossiblyimagine.Sowehadbetterkeepanopenmindandhopeforthebest.Wehavenoideawhatthejobmarketwilllooklikei

n2050.Itisgenerallyagreedthatmachinelearningandroboticswillchangealmosteverylineofwork—fromproducingyoghurttoteachingyoga.Ho

wever,thereareconflictingviewsaboutthenatureofthechangeanditsurgency.Somebelievethatwithinameredecadeortwo,billionsofpeo

plewillbecomeeconomicallyredundant(多余的).Othersmaintainthateveninthelongrunautomationwillkeepcreatingnewjobsandgreaterprosperityforall.Soar

eweonanedgeofaterrifyingsuddenchange,oraresuchforecastsyetanotherexampleofill-foundedLuddite(反机械化和自动化的人)hysteria(歇斯底里)?Itishardtosay.Fearsthat

automationwillcreatemassiveunemploymentgobacktothenineteenthcentury,andsofartheyhavenevermaterialized.SincethebeginningoftheIndust

rialRevolution,foreveryjoblosttoamachineatleastonenewjobwascreated,andtheaveragestandardoflivinghasincreaseddramatic

ally.Yettherearegoodreasonstothinkthatthistimeitisdifferent,andthatmachinelearningwillbearealgamechanger.Humanshavetwotypesofabilitie

s—physicalandcognitive(认知的).Inthepast,machinescompetedwithhumansmainlyinrawphysicalabilities,whilehumansstillhadagreatadvantageovermachinesincog

nition.Henceasmanualjobsinagricultureandindustrywereautomated,newservicejobsemergedthatrequiredthekindofcognitiveskillso

nlyhumanspossessed:learning,analyzing,communicatingandaboveallunderstandinghumanemotions.However,AIisnowbeginningto

outperformhumansinmoreandmoreoftheseskills,includingintheunderstandingofhumanemotions.Wedon'tknowofanythirdfield

ofactivity—beyondthephysicalandthecognitive—wherehumanswillalwaysmaintainasecureadvantage.Itiscrucialtorealizethat

theAIrevolutionisnotjustaboutcomputersgettingfasterandsmarter.Itisfueledbybreakthroughsinthelifesciencesand

thesocialsciencesaswell.Thebetterweunderstandthebiochemicalmechanismsthatsupporthumanemotions,desiresandchoices,thebetter

computerscanbecomeinanalyzinghumanbehavior,predictinghumandecisions,andreplacinghumandrivers,bankers

andlawyers.Inthelastfewdecades,researchinneuroscienceandbehavioraleconomicsallowedscientiststogainamuchbetterunderstandingofhowhumansmakedecisions

.Itturnedoutthatourchoicesofeverythingfromfoodtomatesresultnotfromsomemysteriousfreewill,butratherfrombillionsofneuronscalculatingprobab

ilitieswithinasplitsecond.Boasting'humanintuition'(直觉)isactuallypatternrecognition.931.Thesecondparagraphtellsusabout__________.A.predictionsaboutthe

roleofmachinelearninginfuturejobmarket.B.thespeedatwhichroboticswilltaketheplaceofhumanbeings.C.theurgencyofcreatingnewjobswithth

ehelpofautomation.D.thenatureofapplyingnewtechnologytoeverylineofwork.32.Theunderlinedexpressionof“ill-founded”inParagraph3isinclosestmeaningto__

________.A.unidentifiedB.badly-managedC.unprovenD.ill-intended33.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Lackofsecuritymightforcepeo

pletopickupmachinelearningB.ThereispossibilitythatAIcanperformaconsultingroleasapsychologist.C.Theuseofautomationwillmakehumansmoreneededthaneve

rbefore.D.Arealgamechangerliesinmakingcomputersbecomefasterandsmarter.34.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A.AIrevolutionissimilartotheindu

strialrevolutionincausingunemployment.B.Itiscrucialthathumanmaintainanadvantageinthethirdfieldofactivity.C.Theprocessofhuman

decisioniscontrolledbyfreewillratherthanneurons.D.Thenatureofpreferenceatfirstsightistheresultofrecognizingpatterns.第二节(共5小

题;每小题2分,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Doyoufeelunderpressuretobemorecreativeatwork?___35___Studieshaverec

entlyfoundthatcreativityisnowoneofthetopskillsmostworkplacesarelookingforintheiremployees,astheystruggletodifferentiateth

emselvesinanincreasinglycompetitiveworld.___36___Afterall,asmanyemployeesquietlyadmitduringtrainingworksh

ops:“Notallofuscanpaintordraw.”Thegoodnewsisthatcreativitycomesinallsortsofforms.Themostcommontypeofcreativityissimplyallowingourbrainsthespacetoim

aginedifferentconnections,patternsandpossibilities.Buthowcanyouimproveyourcreativityatwork?Herearethreeapproaches:Getc

urious.Abigpartofcreativityiscuriosity.Ithelpsyoutofocusyourattentionasyouexploredynamicmentalsimulationsbasedonpersonalpaste

xperiences,thoughtsaboutthefutureandexplorationofalternativeperspectivesandscenariostothepresent.Useyourcuriositytoexplorewhythingshappe

n,howtheywork,whatimpacttheyhave.___37___10Bewillingtofail.___38___Likewiseiforganizationswishtocultiva

tecreativity,theyneedtoestablishcultureswheretheriskoffailureisacceptedaspartofthedeal.Thetruthisthatifyou’renotfailingsomeofthetime

,you’renotstretchingfarenoughoutsideofyourcomfortzonetokeeplearningandgrowing.Cultivatepositiveemotions.Positiveemot

ions—suchasgratitude,compassion,joy,andinspiration—havebeenfoundtohelpyoubroadenyourthinking.___39___Toculti

vatemorepositiveemotionsatwork,youcanpromotehigh-qualityconnectionswithothers,gratitude,kindness,hope,andfindw

aystomakethemostofyourstrengths.A.Peoplecanmanagetheirownemotionsbetter.B.Behindeverycreativegeniusarestoriesoffailure.C.

Ifyou’renoddingyourhead,you’reingoodcompany.D.Askquestionswithoutfearingthatyouwillappearstupid.E.We

graduallyloseourcuriosityandrelymoreonourexperience.F.Butdoyoueversecretlyworrythatyoulacktheartistictalentforcre

ativity?G.Also,theycanbuildyourcapacitytoseemorepossibilitiesandthinkmorecreatively.第三部分:书面表达(共两节,32分)第一节阅读表达(共4小题

;第40、41小题各2分,第42小题3分,第43小题5分,共12分)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighl

y,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;thatitsetsonepersonagainst

another;thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirself-worthreliedonhowwelltheyperformed

attennisandotherskills.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlive-and-deathaffairs.Intheirsingle-mindedpursuitofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherhum

anqualitiesissadlyforgotten.However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculturewhichonlyvaluesthewinnerandpay

snoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.Amongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressures

fromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynott

rying,theyalwayshavean11excuse:“Imayhavelost,butitdoesn’tmatterbecauseIreallydidn’ttry.”Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatifthey

hadreallytriedandlost,thatwouldmeanalot.Suchalosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatoftruecompetitorswhotryto

provethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone’sself-respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparison

withothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodisappearcanwediscoveranewmeaningincom

petition.40.Whyaresomepeopleagainstcompetition?41.Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythepeoplewhodesiretofail?42.Pl

easedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Wecandiscoveranewmeaningincompetitionwhenwebelievethatone’sself-res

pectdependsonhowwelloneperformincompetition.43.Whatisyourunderstandingofthemeaningofcompetition?(about40words)第二节书面表达(20分)你是红星中学高三学生李华,你的英国好友Jim在学习

中国诗词,对“故人西辞黄鹤楼,烟花三月下扬州”一句感到不解,他发来邮件向你咨询。请你给他回复邮件,内容包括:1.解释诗句;2.介绍国内一处适宜在春季观光旅游的地方。注意:1.词数不少于50;2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。提示词:黄鹤楼YellowCrane

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