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2025届高三10月质量检测练习英语2024年10月8日说明：本试卷共8页，共100分；考试时间90分钟；请在答题卡上填写个人信息，并将条形码贴在答题卡的相应位置上。第一部分：知识运用（共三节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分

）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Iwasupbeforetheothers,beforethebirds,beforethesun.Idrankacupofcoffee,wolfeddownapieceoftoast,pu

tonmyshortsandsweatshirt,and___1___mygreenrunningshoes.Thenslippedquietlyoutthebackdoor.Imovedquickerdowntheroad.Mybreathforme

drounded,frostypuffs,swirlingintothefog.Ienjoyedthatfirstphysicalawakening,thatbrilliantmomentbeforethemi

ndisfullyclear,whenthelimbsandjointsfirstbeginto___2___andthematerialbodystartstomeltaway.Solidtoliquid.Faster,Itoldmyself.Faster.Therewere

nocars,nopeople,nosignsoflife.Iwasall___3___,theworldtomyselfandmythoughts.Onpaper,Ithought,I’ma(n)___4___,gradu

atingfromUniversityofOregon,earningamaster’sfromStanfordandsurvivingayearlonghitchintheU.S.Army.MyrésumésaidIwasalearned,accomplishe

dsoldier,atwenty-four-year-oldmaninfull...Butwhy,Iwondered,doIstillfeellikeakid?Worse,likethesameshy,p

ale,rail-thinkidI’dalwaysbeen.LikeallmyfriendsIwantedtobesuccessful.UnlikemyfriendsIdidn’tknowwhatthatmeant.Money?Wi

fe?Kids?House?Sure,ifIwas___5___.ThesewerethegoalsIwastaughttoaspireto,andpartofmedidaspiretotheminstinctively.ButdeepdownIwassearchingforsometh

ingelse,somethingmore.Ihada(n)___6___sensethatourtimeisshort,shorterthanweeverknow,shortasamorningrun,andIwantedminetobemeaningf

ul.Andpurposeful.Andcreative.Andimportant.Aboveall...different.Iwantedtoleavea___7___ontheworld.Iwantedtowin.No,that’snotright.I

simplydidn’twantto___8___.Andthenithappened.Asmyyoungheartbegantopoundfaster,asmypinklungs___9___likethewingsofabird,asthetreesturnedtogreenis

hblurs,Isawitallbeforeme,exactlywhatIwantedmylifetobe.Play.Yes,Ithought,that’sit.That’stheword.Thesecretofhappiness,I’dalwayssuspected,theessenceofb

eautyortruth,laysomewhereinthatmomentwhentheballisinmidair,whenbothboxerssensethe____10____ofthebell,whentherunnersnearthefinishlineandthecrowdrises

asone.There’sakindofexuberant(兴高采烈的)clarityinthatpulsinghalfsecondwinningandlosingaredecided.Iwantedthat,whateverthatwas,tobemylife,my

dailylife.1.A.tookupB.pickedupC.putupD.lacedup2.A.loosenB.straightenC.tightenD.strengthen3.A.emptyB.aloneC.slowD.early

4.A.studentB.adolescentC.adultD.minor5.A.smartB.ableC.richD.lucky6.A.sharpB.emotionalC.achingD.impulsive7.A.pathB.markC.fortuneD.print8.A.lose

B.abandonC.sinkD.die9.A.grewB.expandedC.welledD.breathed10.A.approachB.soundC.ringingD.beginning第二节语法填空（共10小题

；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Papermakingtechnology___11___(introduce)toCentralAsiainthe8

thcenturyandarrivedinEuropearoundthe12thcentury.“ItchangedthehistoricalprocessofEuropebecausepapermakingtechnologymadeknowledgespreadingposs

ibleat___12___(reduce)costsandbrokethemonopolyofknowledgebynoblesandclerks.”saysprofessorXiHuidong.Hepo

intsoutthatmovabletypeprintingwasalsoarevolutionaryinvention,“Thecombinationofthosetwothingswas___13___r

eallymovedusintotheearlymodernworld.”B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AsChina’sopening-uphaswidene

d,manycitieslikeShenzhen___14___(attract)internationaltalentstolive,workandinvest.aswellastoestablishbusinesses.Someofthemhavelivedtherefo

rover10years,___15___(witness)andbeingpartofthecity’seconomicprogress.Foreignentrepreneurs(企业家)___16___meetspecificrequirements,suchascl

earingtheChinese-languageproficiencytest’shighestlevel,andpossessingamaster’s的degree,amongotherqualifications,ca

naccumulateahighscore,which___17___(make)iteasierforthemtoobtainalong-termworkvisa.Chinesecitiesarestrivi

ngtobemoreopentotheworld,andIbelieveShenzhenisanexemplarycase.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Beijing’sCentralAxis

(中轴线),whichlinesthehistoricstretch,recentlyachievedUNESCO___18___(recognize),drawingwidespreadpraiseandfuelingaflourishin

gfoodscenewithnearly10,000diningestablishments.AccordingtotheonlineserviceplatformMeituan,datarevealsthat___19___(search)for“BeijingCentra

lAxis”increasedby58percentfromJanuarytoJuly.Inthefirsthalfofthisyear,consumptionfromvisitorstoBeijingcontributed10.5percent_

__20___thecapital’srestaurantsector.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答

题纸上将该项涂黑。AWelcometoMuirWoods!Thisrareancientforestisakingdomofcoastredwoods,manyover600yearsold.Howtogethere?Peopleus

ingpersonalvehiclesmusthavereservationsbeforearrivingatthepark.(Detailsatwww.gomuirwoods.com.)MuirWoodsNationalMonumentisopendai

ly,8a.m.tosunset.StopbyVisitorCentertogettrailsandprograminformation,andtotakeinexhibits.What’syourpath?Enjoyawalkonthepave

dRedwoodCreekTrail(alsocalledMainTrail).Chooseshort,medium,orlongloops(环线).OthertrailsgodeepintoMuirWoodsand

MountTamalpaisStatePark.(RefertothemapofMuirWoodsontherightfordetails.)Readytoexploremore?MuirWoodsisparto

fGoldenGateNationalRecreationArea,whichincludesMarinHeadlands,Alcatraz,thePresidio,andOceanBeach.Downloadtheappatwww.nps

.gov/goga.Staysafeandprotectyourpark.·Wi-Fiandcellservicearenotavailable.·Watchforpoisonousplantsandfallingbr

anches.·Donotfeedordisturbanimals.Fishingisprohibitedinthepark.·Donotmarkorremovetrees,flowers,orothernaturalfeatures.·Gototheparkwebsitefor

moresafetytipsandregulations.AccessibilityWemakeagreatefforttomakefacilities,services,andprogramsaccessibletoall

.Forinformation,gotoVisitorCenter,askaranger,call,orcheckourwebsite.MoreInformationMuirWoodsNationalMonumentwww.nps.gov/muwoMillValley,CA

94941-269621.MuirWoodswillprobablyattract______.①redwoodlovers②huntinglovers③fishinglovers④hikingloversA.①②B.③④C.①④D.②③22.What

canbelearnedfromthepassage?A.ReservationsshouldbemadeifvisitorsdriveprivatecarstoMuirWoods.B.VisitorsareadvisedtocallVis

itorCenterforsafetytipsandregulations.CVisitorscanreadelectronicmapsusingWi-FiinMuirWoods.D.Muirwoodsissurroundedbyhighlandandocea

nbeaches.23.AccordingtothemapofMuirWoods,______.A.foodandgiftscanbeboughtonvarioussitesinMuirWoodsB.BootjackTrailcanleadonetoVisitorCen

terfromBridge3C.MillValleyislocatedonthesouthwestsideofMuirBeach.D.Bridge4isthefarthestfromtheparkinglotsofallbridgesBKarenSturgeswasknitti

ngasweaterforherdaughter’sfuturebaby.Badnewscame—shewasdiagnosedwithcancer.“Whatshewasmostconcernedaboutwasfinishingtheswe

ater,”saidherdaughterAnnieGatewood.“Shewasjustdistraughtwhenthinkingshewasn’tgoingtobeabletofinishit.”Sturgesworkedonthesweaterun

tilfourdaysbeforeshediedin2021,withitunfinished.Nomemberofthefamily.knewhowtoknit.Thenin2022,Gatewoodwasmatchedwitha“finisher”S

arahinPortland,—oneoftheover1,000volunteerswhocompleteunfinishedartsprojectsforgrievinglovedonesthroughagroupcalledLo

oseEnds.Finishingknittingthesweater,SarahhandeditofftoGatewood.“Isawherandburstintotears,becauseshelookslikemymom,”saidGatewood.“Weknowforsu

remymomwouldhavebeenjustdelighted.”KaplanandSimonicstartedLooseEnds.Bothareexpertknittersknowingwhati

tisliketohavealovedoneleavebehindanunfinishedproject.Thefinisherdoesn’tchargeanymoney.Theonlycostisformailing.Opudasignedupasafinisher.Sheisc

rocheting(用钩针编织)ablueblanketforsomeonewhosemotherpassedaway.Theblanketwasoneofthreethemotherwasworkingonforherkidsthro

ughouthercancertreatments,andalthoughtheyarenotperfect,themotherkeptworkingonittilltheend.“Peoplejustdon’treallyknowhowmu

chtimesomethingtakes,especiallyablanket.Yeteventhroughherillnessandallherpainandchallenges,shestillmanagedtomakesomu

chprogress.Ididn’twantherkidstolosethat,”saidOpuda.“Weallexperiencepain,”saidSimonic.“Youdon’tknowwhatsome

one’sgoingthroughonaday-to-daybasisthat’sgoingtomakethemgiveup,butIdoknowtheselittleactsofkindnessmakepeoplerealizetherearepeopleouttherewillingto

help.”24.WhatcanbelearnedaboutLooseEnds?A.Itchargesreceiversalot.B.Itconsistsofgeneroushelpers.C.Itmeetspatients’unrealwishes.D.Itrecyclesvalu

ableunfinishedpieces.25.WhatdidOpudawanttheblanketreceiverstoknowabouttheirmother?A.Shehadagreataffectionforthem.B.Shesufferedalotfromcancer.

C.Shehopedtokeepthefamilytradition.D.Shewasawell-trainedcrafter.26.WhatdoesSimonicintendtotellus?A.Ap

atient’sworkshouldberespected.B.Lovebeginswithalittlesmile.C.Asmallactofkindnesscanmeanalot.D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.CAfewyearsago,theCityCounc

ilofMonza,Italy,barredpetownersfromkeepinggoldfishincurvedfishbowls.Thesponsorsofthemeasureexplainedthatitiscrueltokeepafis

hinsuchabowlbecausethecurvedsidesgivethefishadistortedviewofreality.Asidefromthemeasure’ssignificancetothepoorgoldfish,thestoryraisesaninteresting

philosophicalquestion:Howdoweknowthattherealityweperceiveistrue?Physicistsarefindingthemselvesinasimilartroubletothegoldfish’s.Fordecadest

heyhavebeenpursuinganultimatetheoryofeverything—onecompleteandconsistentsetoffundamentallawsofnaturethatexplaineveryaspe

ctofreality.Itnowappearsthatthispursuitmaygeneratenotasingletheorybutafamilyofinterconnectedtheories,eachdescribingitsownversionofreality,asifi

tviewedtheuniversethroughitsownfishbowl.Thisconceptmaybedifficultformanypeopletoaccept.Mostpeoplebelievethatthereisanobjectiverealityoutth

ereandthatoursensesandoursciencedirectlyconveyinformationaboutthematerialworld.Inphilosophy,thatbeliefiscall

edrealism.Inphysics,realismisbecomingdifficulttodefend.Instead,theideaofalternativerealitiesisamainstayoftoda

y’spopularculture.Forexample,inthescience-fictionfilmTheMatrixthehumanraceisunknowinglylivinginasimulatedvirtualreal

itycreatedbyintelligentcomputers.Howdoweknowwearenotjustcomputer-generatedcharacterslivinginaMatrix-likeworld?If—li

keus—thebeingsinthesimulatedworldcouldnotobservetheiruniversefromtheoutside,theywouldhavenoreasontodoubttheiro

wnpicturesofreality.Similarlythegoldfish’sviewisnotthesameasoursfromoutsidetheircurvedbowl.Forinstan

ce,becauselightbendsasittravelsfromairtowater,afreelymovingobjectthatwewouldobservetomoveinastraightlinewouldbeobservedbythegoldfis

htomovealongacurvedpath.Thegoldfishcouldformscientificlawsfromtheirframeofreferencethatwouldalwaysholdtrueandthatwouldenablethemtomak

epredictionsaboutthefuturemotionofobjectsoutsidethebowl.Ifthegoldfishformedsuchatheory,wewouldhavetoadmitthegoldfish’sviewasareasonablepictureofreali

ty.Thegoldfishexampleshowsthatthesamephysicalsituationcanbemodeledindifferentways,eachemployingdiffer

entfundamentalelementsandconcepts.Itmightbethattodescribetheuniversewehavetoemploydifferenttheoriesindif

ferentsituations.Itisnotthephysicist’straditionalexpectationforatheoryofnature,nordoesitcorrespondtoo

ureverydayideaofreality.Butitmightbethewayoftheuniverse.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distorted”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A.False.

B.Accurate.C.Distant.D.Original.28.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A.Theconventionalinsightofreality.B.Thelastingconflictinphysics.,C.Theexis

tenceofthematerialworld.D.Theneedforacompletetheory.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?AItisessentialtofigureo

utwhichpictureofrealityisbetter.B.People’stheoriesareinfluencedbytheirviewpoints.C.Anexternalworldisindependentoftheobservers.D.Nature’smysterie

sarebestleftundiscovered.30.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat______.A.thereisstillpossibilitytounifydifferen

ttheoriesintoasingleoneBmultiplerealitiescanbepiecedtogethertoshowtherealworldC.physicistshaveafavoritecandida

teforthefinaltheoryD.variousinterpretationsoftheuniversearewelcomedDThoughthespreadofgoodreproductionofworksofartcanbeculturallyvaluable,museu

mscontinuetopromotethespecialstatusoforiginalworkandhighlighttheauthenticityofitsexhibits.Unfortunately,thisseemstoplaceseverelimitationsontheki

ndofexperienceofferedtovisitors.Onelimitationisrelatedtothewaythemuseumpresentsitsexhibits.Artmuseumsareoftencalled“treasurehouses”.Wearereminde

dofthisevenbeforeweviewacollectionbythepresenceofsecurityguardswhokeepusawayfromtheexhibits.Inaddition,amajorcollectionliket

hatofLondon’sNationalGalleryishousedinnumerousrooms,whereasinglepieceofworkislikelytobeworthmorethanalltheaveragevisitorposse

sses.Inasocietythatjudgesthepersonalstatusoftheindividualsomuchbytheirmaterialworth,itisthereforedifficultnottobeimpressedbyone’sownrelati

ve“worthlessness”insuchanenvironment.Furthermore,considerationofthe“value”oftheoriginalworkinitstreasurehousesettingimpressesupontheview

erthatsincetheseworkswereoriginallyproduced,theyhavebeenassignedahugevalueintermsofmoneybysomepersonorinstitutionmorepowerfulthanthemselves.Evide

ntly,nothingtheviewerthinksabouttheworkisgoingtoalterthatvalue,andsotoday’sviewerisdiscouragedfromtryingtoextendthatspontaneous,immediate,sel

f-reliantkindofinterpretationwhichwouldoriginallyhavemetthework.Thevisitormaythenbestruckbythestrangenessofseeingsuchavarietyofpai

ntings,drawingsandsculpturesbroughttogetherinanenvironmentforwhichtheywerenotoriginallycreated.This“d

isplacementeffect”isfurtherheightenedbythehugevolumeofexhibits.Inthecaseofamajorcollection,thereareprobablym

oreworksondisplaythanwecouldrealisticallyviewinweeksorevenmonths...Thisisparticularlydistressingbecaus

etimeseemstobeavitalfactorintheappreciationofallartforms.Afundamentaldifferencebetweenpaintingsandotherartformsistha

tthereisnoprescribedtimeoverwhichapaintingisviewed.Operas,novelsandpoemsarereadinaprescribedtimesequence,whereasapicturehasnoclearplace

atwhichtostartviewing,oratwhichtofinish.Thusartworksthemselvesencourageustoviewthemsuperficiallywitho

utappreciatingtherichnessofdetailandlaborthatisinvolved.Consequently,thedominantcriticalapproachbecomesthatofthearthistorian,aspecial

izedacademicapproachdevotedto“discoveringthemeaning”ofartwithintheculturalcontextofitstime.Thisisinharmony,withthemuseum’sfunction,sincethe

approachisdedicatedtoseekingoutandconserving“authentic”,“original”readingsoftheexhibits.31.ThewritermentionsLondon’sNationalGallerytoillustrate

______.A.theundesirablecosttoanationofmaintainingahugecollectionofartB.theneedtoputindividualwell-beingabovel

arge-scaleartisticschemesC.theconflictthatmayariseinsocietybetweenfinancialandartisticvaluesD.thenegativ

eeffectamuseumcanhaveonvisitors’opinionofthemselves32.Thewritersaysthattodayviewersmaybeunwillingtocriticizeaworkbeca

usethey______.A.lacktheknowledgeneededB.fearitmayhavefinancialimplicationsC.havenorealconceptofthework’svalueD.feeltheirpersonalrea

ctionisofnosignificance33.Theappreciationofapaintingdoesnot______.A.callforaspecificbeginningorendingB.involvedirec

tcontactwithanaudienceC.requireaspecificlocationforperformanceD.needtheinvolvementofotherprofessionals34.Whichoft

hefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Originalwork:reductiontovalueofartworksB.Originalwork:art

historians’breadandbutterC.Originalwork:killerofartisticappreciationD.Originalwork:substituteforreproduction第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短

文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Somepeopleprefertohaveabitetoeatbeforehittingthegym,knownasafedworkout.Otherswouldli

ketowaituntilafterexercisingtorefueltheirbodies,calledafastedworkout.Toeatornottoeat,thatisthequestiononmanyfitnessenthusiasts’minds.___35_

__Ifyouwantenergyandstrengthforanidealworkout,youneedfuel.Afedworkoutwillprovideyourbodywithpower.___36___Th

esebenefitscanresultinburningmorefatandshapingaslimmerbody.Musclepreservationisalsoanessentialcomponentofstrengtheningyourbod

y.Nitrogen(氮)iscriticalforprocessingproteinthatbuildshealthymuscles.Peopletendtoloselessnitrogenduringafedworkoutthanafastedone.Manyfit

nessenthusiastsarenotonboardwiththisidea.Theyreportfeelingsickandinactivewhiletryingtoexerciseaftereatin

g.Withafastedworkout,youmaynotgettheusualindigestion.Expertsforfastedworkoutsfurtherclaimthateatingafterwardsmakesy

ourbodyuseitsfatreservesforenergy,meaningyouwillburnmorefat.___37___Itcancauseasuddendropinyourbloodglucoseleve

ls,andyoumayfeeldizzy.Youmayevenbemorelikelytoovereat.Knowingwhattoeatforanidealworkoutisjustasimportantasknowingwhentoeat.___38_

__Forexample,ifyouchooseafedworkout,you’llprobablylosealotofwaterduringanintensetraining,soyoushouldconsiderdrink

ingsomebeforehand.Withafastedworkout,itwouldhelpifyouhadsomenutritionrightafteryoursessioniscomplete.Drinksomewater.Then,havealightmealo

rnutritionalsnack.___39___Bothfastedworkoutsandfedactivitieshavetheirbenefitsandshortcomings.Thinkthoroughlyanddiscusswithy

ourfitnessinstructorbeforetakingachoice.A.Apersondoinga30-minutesessionadaymayhaveaproblemwithfastedworkouts.B.Eatingbe

foreexercisemayhelpyousustainlongersessionsandliftheavierweights.C.Manyexpertssaythere’snoeasyanswerbecau

seitdependsontheperson.D.Howyourbodywillrespondisbasedonyourworkoutintensity.E.Decidingwhentoeatforanidealworkoutisapersonalchoice.F.However,af

astedworkoutmightnotworkforyou.G.Notallfoodsarecreatedequal.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文

，根据题目要求回答问题。GoodTasteofKnowledgeTheaimofeducationorcultureismerelythedevelopmentofgoodtasteinknowledgeandgoodforminconduct.Thecultu

redmanortheidealeducatedmanisnotnecessarilyonewhoiswell-readorlearned,butonewholikesanddislikestherightthings.Toknowwhattolo

veandwhattohateistohavetasteinknowledge.Nothingismoreannoyingthantomeetapersonatapartywhosemindiscrammed(填塞)fullwi

thhistoricaldatesandfiguresandwhoisextremelywell-postedoncurrentinternationalaffairs,butwhoseattitudesorpointsofviewareallwrong.

Ihavemetsuchpeople.Theydohavegreatacademicknowledge,butnogoodjudgmentortaste.Beingknowledgeableisameremat

terofthecrammingoffactsorinformationwhilehavinggoodtasteisamatterofartisticjudgment.Inspeakingofascholar,the

Chinesegenerallydistinguishbetweentheirscholarship(学术成就),conductandtaste.Aneducatedman,therefore,isonewhohastherightlovesandhatreds.Thiswecalltast

e,andwithtastecomescharm.Now,tohavetasterequiresacapacityforthinkingthingsthroughtothebottom,theindependenceofjudgment,a

ndtheunwillingnesstobeaffectedbyanyformofpower.Whenamaniswrong,heiswrong,andthereisnoneedforonetobeimpressedbyagreatnameorbythen

umberofbooksthathehasreadandwehaven’t.Taste,then,iscloselyassociatedwithcourage,astheChinesealwaysass

ociateddan(“胆”)withshi(“识”).Andcourageorindependenceofjudgment,asweknow,issuchararevirtueamonghumankind.Weseethisintell

ectualcourageorindependenceduringthechildhoodofallthinkersandwriterswhoinlaterlifeamounttoanything.Suchapersonrefusestobeimpressedbyaph

ilosophicvogueorafashionabletheory,eventhoughitisbackedbythegreatestname.Thisistasteinknowledge.Nodoubtsuc

hintellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentrequiresacertainchildish,naiveconfidenceinoneself,butthisselfistheonlythingthatonecanclingto,andth

emomentastudentgivesuphisrightofpersonaljudgment,heisinforacceptingallthedishonestandinsincereoflife.40.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthegoalofedu

cation?___________________________________________________________________________________________41.Howis

havinggoodtasteinknowledgedifferentfrombeingknowledgeable?________________________________________________

___________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlinei

tandexplainwhy.▶Intellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentbuildsconfidenceinoneself._________________

__________________________________________________________________________43.PleasenameonepersonwiththequalitiesofdanandshiinChinesehisto

ryandexplainwhataboutthispersonmakesyouthinkso.(Inabout40words)______________________________________________

_____________________________________________第二节（20分）44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim得知中国实行144小时过境免签政策后，计划在10月份过境

中国时，与家人在北京旅行两天。这是他们首次来华旅游，因此他发来电子邮件，向你寻求建议。请你用英文回复邮件，帮助Jim规划此次旅行。内容包括：1.推荐的行程安排；2.注意事项。注意：1.词数100左右；2.

开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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