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1UsingLanguageMEDECINSSANSFRONTIERESJennifer(J)WellsisinterviewingDrMaryMurray(M),whoworksforMédecinsSansFrontières(MSF).

TheyusetimeexpressionstotalkaboutMary’slife.Listentothetapeandnumbertheexpressionsintheorderyouhearthem.

Listenagainandfillintheblanks.J:Goodafternoon.I’mJenniferWellsandtodayon“MakingaDifference”.I’mgoingtotalktoDrMaryMurraywhoworksforM

édecinsSansFrontières.WelcomeMary.M:Thankyou.Jennifer.J:NowpleasetellmewhydoyoudecidetojoinMSF.M:Well,whileIwasstudyinginSydneyduringt

he1980s,IgottoknowtwoSudanesestudentsandvisitedthemin1990.Ibecamegoodfriendswiththeirfamiliesanddecidedtoworkinahealthclinicintheircountryin1

992foracoupleofmonths.ThereIsawchildrenwithterriblediseasesthatcouldhavebeenprevented.That’swhyIdecidetoworkindevelopingcoun

tries.J:Isee.Soin1997youjoinedMSFandwenttoMalawi.Whatdidyoudothere?M:ActuallyinMalawiIwasworkingwithchildrenaffec

tedwithHIV/AIDS.Itwasheart-breaking.Childrendiedbecausewedidn’thaveenoughmedicines.J:Oh,howsad!M:Yes,butthingsgraduallyimproved.Nowthere’

streatmentforHIV,whichisshowingverygoodresults.J:That’sexcellentnews.Then,in2001youwentbacktotheSudan

again.Let’stalkaboutyourworkthere.M:Well,theconditionswereverychallenging.Itcouldbeunbelievablyhot–sometimesashotas56degreesCelsius!Butwhent

herainscame,theroadsbecamesomuddythatwespentmostofourtimediggingthecarout.Theclinicswerejustmudhutsandtheo

nlytoolsIhadwereastethoscopeandmytwohands.J:Goodness,achallengeindeed!M:(laughing)True,butit’samazingwhatyoucandowhenyo

uhavenochoice.J:Andhowdoyouthinktheseexperiencesoverthelastfewyearshaveaffectedyou?M:Well,theymakemegratefulforwhatIhave.IreallyenjoymyworkbecauseI

feelI’mhelpingpeoplewhootherwisemightnotgethelp.J:That’sgreat.Now,justbeforeyougo…whatdoyouexpecttobedoingi

nthefuture?M:Well,I’mreturningtotheSudanintwoweeks’timeforafurthersixmonths.ThenI’mnotsure.IhopetoreturntoAfricaa

gainthough.J:Thankyou,DrMurray,andit’sbeenlovelytalkingtoyou.Wewishyouallthebestwithyourwork.M:Thankyou,Jenn

ifer.Workbook-ListeningSERVINGCOMMUNITIESJason,MickandAnniearediscussinghowtheschoolcanservecommunitiesoutsidetheschool.J=JasonM=MickA=Annie2Liste

nagainandfillintheblanks.J:HaveyoutwogotanyideaswhattheCCCshoulddothisyear?M:Yeah.Whataboutsponsoringachildfromapoorcountry?Myparentsdoth

atthroughanorganizationcalledPlanInternational.A:Mmm,Ilikethesoundofthat.Whatdoyouthink,Jason?J:Yeah,IlikeMick’sideatoo.I’llw

riteitdown.Anymoreideas?A:Well,IlookedontheInternetandcameacrossTheFredHollowsFoundation.J:What’sthat,Annie?A:It’sanorganiza

tionthathelpsblindpeopleindevelopingcountriesgettheirsightback.J:Thatsoundsgoodtoo.M:Yes,Ilikeitaswell.A:Great!M:Butwhataboutsuppor

tingacoupleoflocalcharitiesaswell?J:YoumeanlikeTheCancerCouncil?M:Yes.That’sOKbyme.Whataboutyou,Annie?A:Fine.TheCancerCouncilalway

sneedsmoneyforresearch.M:Whataboutthisone?I’veheardofsomethingcalledYouthintheCity,whichhelpsyoungadultsgettheirYear10certificate.J:Whydoth

eyneedhelp?M:Theseareyoungpeoplewhocan’tfinishhighschool.Themoneywillhelpfinishtheireducation.A:Ithinkthat’sagreatidea.Now,howarewegoingtoraise

themoney?M:Well,wecouldrunsomecompetitionsatlunchtimes,say,inTerm1…A:(interrupts)…andwecouldhaveaconcertormovie

nightinTerm2andabasketballmatchinTerm3.J:Orwecouldhaveapersonalchallenge–youknow,likegettingsomeonetosponsoryouforwalking25kilo

metres.M:Well,wecanthinkaboutthatlater.A:Ok,butIthinkwe’vealsogottotalkaboutgivingourtimeandnotjustourmoney.J:Absolutely.Ithinkweshoulddefinite

lycontinueservingsouptohomelesspeopleonFridays…M:(interrupts)…andvisitingoldpeopleandchildreninhospitaleveryweek.A:WhatI’dreally

liketodoissomethingfortheenvironment–liketreeplantingorcleaninguprubbish.M:Well,wecan’tdoeverything.Let’smeetafterschooltodiscussthisfurth

er.OK?J&A:Ok.Workbook-ListeningTaskTHEFREDHOLLOWSFOUNDATIONAnnie,amemberoftheCommunityCareCommittee,istalkingtostu

dentsinherschoolabouttheFredHollowsFoundation.Listenagainandfillintheblanks.Didyouknowthateveryfivesecondssomebodyintheworldg

oesblind?That’sabout45millionpeople.Andwhatisworseisthatabouthalfofthemdonotneedto3beblindatall.Doyouknowwhatcatarac

tsare?It’swhenthelensofeyebecomesmoreandmorecloudyuntileventuallyyoucan’tseeanything.Thatsoundsbadbutthetreatmentissimple.Th

ecataractscanberemovedandreplacedbyaspecialperspexlens.Thissimpleoperationlastsabout20minutesandbythenextdaythepati

entcanseeagain.Soit’snotreallyaprobleminrichcountries.However,indevelopingcountriestheeffectsareterri

ble.Becauseblindpeoplecannolongerworkorlookafterthemselves,theycannotearnthemoneytopayfortheoperation.Sothey

havenochanceofseeingagain.OneofthepeoplewhowantedtohelpthesepoorpeoplewasanAustralianeyedoctorcalledFredHol

lows.Hebelievedthattheoperationwastooexpensiveandthateverybodyhadtherighttosee.Soin1985hedeterminedtofindawaytoreducecosts.First,

hetraineddoctorsinNepal,VietnamandEritrea,sothattheycouldperformeyeoperations.Second,in1992hestartedtheFredHollowsFoundationandraisedenough

moneytobuildtwolaboratoriestomakecheapperspexlenses.OneopenedinEritreaandoneinNepalin1994,ayearafterhisdeathin1993.Thes

elaboratoriesmeantthatthelensescouldbeproducedmuchmorecheaply.Theyarenowsoldtoover50countries.TheFredHollowsFoundationhasworkedtop

reventblindnessinmorethan29countries.Ithastrainedover750localeyedoctors.In2003oneofthesedoctorstrainedbyth

eFoundationputintheonemillionthFredHollowsperspexlens.FredHollowsspenthislifeintheserviceofothersandbeliev

edthatactionwastheanswertohumanunhappiness.Ithinkweareveryluckytobeabletoseeandthatwehaveadutytohelpothersseetoo!Thankyou.