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2022-2023学年(下)期末学业质量联合调研抽测高一英语试题(分数：120分，时间：100分钟)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFourPlacesNamed

AfterScientistsinAntarcticaTherearemanyscientificbreakthroughsmadebywomeninAntarctic.Herearefourlandmar

ksinAntarcticaandthefemalepioneersthey’renamedfor.JonesTerrace(梯田)Theice-freeterraceineasternAntarctica’sVictoriaLandbearsJones’name.In1969

,geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.toworkinAntarctica.JonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,a

nice-freeareaofAntarctica.Throughchemicalanalysesofrockstheyhadcollected,Jonesandherteamdiscoveredmanygeochemicalcharacteristicsoft

hevalley’sice-coveredlakes.MountFiennes8,202-foot-highMountFiennes,locatedonAntarctica’slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnam

edforGinnyFiennes.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarctic.In1985,FiennesbecamethefirstfemalewhowasinvitedtojointheAntarcti

cClub,aBritishsupperclubopentoindividualswhohavespentextendedtimeintheAntarcticregion.FrancisPeakThe3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarct

ica’sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.Herco

llectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerc

limatethanitcurrentlydoes.PedenCliffsPedenCliffsnearAntarctica’sMarieByrdLandareproofofthelaborofIrenePeden.ShewasthefirstAmericanfemalesc

ientisttobothliveandworkintheAntarctic,wheresheusedradiowavestostudyicesheets.Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowvery

lowfrequencyradiowavesspreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofA

ntarctica’sicesheets.1.WhichplaceisnamedafterabuilderofradiotowersintheAntarctic?A.JonesTerrace.B.MountFiennes.C.FrancisPeak.D.PedenCliffs.2.Wh

oprovedtheprevioushighertemperaturesoftheAntarctic?A.LoisM.Jones.B.GinnyFiennes.C.DameJaneFrancis.D.IrenePeden.3.WhatisspecialaboutIrenePeden?A.Sheco

uldjudgethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.B.Shediscoveredalotofice-coveredlakesintheAntarctic.C.ShewasthefirstfemaleAmericantoexploretheAntarcti

c.D.Shecorrectlymeasuredthespreadingspeedofradiowaves.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了南极洲四个以做出科学突破的女性科学

家命名的地标。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据MountFiennes部分中“8,202-foot-highMountFiennes,locatedonAntarctica’slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnamedforGinnyFiennes.S

heestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarctic.(8202英尺高的Fiennes山位于南极洲最大的岛屿——亚历山大岛上，以GinnyFiennes的名字命名。她在南极洲建立并维护了

80英尺高的无线电发射塔)”可知，Fiennes山是以南极洲无线电发射塔建造者GinnyFiennes的名字命名的。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据FrancisPeak部分中“HercollectionoffossilsonSey

mourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentl

ydoes.(她在西摩岛收集的化石帮助她在2021年的一篇论文中得出结论：南极洲丰富的植物化石表明，该大陆曾经有过比现在温暖得多的气候)”可知，DameJaneFrancis证明了南极洲以前有过更高的温度。故选C项。3

题详解】细节理解题。根据PedenCliffs部分中“TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.(他们还使用不同的无线电波

频率来测量南极洲冰盖的厚度)”可知，IrenePeden的【特别之处在于她可以判断南极洲冰盖的厚度。故选A项。BAscitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeo

plelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatar

erelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessin

urbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawri

ttensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmission

s,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”w

asassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoe

merge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlif

e,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablela

nguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeo

fwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycane

njoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogenerate

alanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectn

aturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.4.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A.Pocke

tparksarenowpopular.B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated.D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.5.Whydidtheresear

cherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstouris

ts.C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark.D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.6.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninpa

ragraph5?A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thena

turelanguageenhancesworkperformance.7.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A.Languagestudy.B.Environmentalconservation.C

.Publiceducation.D.Interculturalcommunication.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对

一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段内容“Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonaturef

orpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesi

nacitythatarerelativelywild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，文章开头

作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmita

writtensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)exper

iencesintodifferentcategories.(他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根

据第四段“Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodin

gofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.(在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，

有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的内容进行了分类，以便在游客的总结中找到模式，并确定对游客最重要的自然体验。通过这样做，他们能够创造一种“自然语言”，帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目的。故选D。【6题详解

】推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactiv

itiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofes

sionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.(命

名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿

着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可

以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractions

backintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseni

orauthorofthestudy.(“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断

，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。CWorkingoutexactlywhatstudentsandtaxpayersgetforthemoneytheyspendonuniversitiesisa

trickybusiness.NowtheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),aParis-basedthink-tankforri

chcountries,isplanningtomakethetaskabiteasier,byproducingthefirstinternationalcomparisonofhowsuccessfullyuniversitiesteach

.“Ratherthanassumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,”explainsAn

dreasSchleicher,theOECD’sheadofeducationresearch.JustastheOECDassessesprimaryandsecondaryeducationbytestingrandomlychosengroup

sofyoungstersfromeachcountryinreadingandmathematics,itwillsampleuniversitystudentstoseewhattheyhavelearned.O

nceenoughuniversitiesaretakingpart,itmaypublishleaguetablesshowingwhereeachcountrystands,justasitnowdo

esforcompulsoryeducation.Thatmayproduceafairerassessmentthanthetwoestablishedrankings,thoughtheBritishoned

oestrytobroadenitsinquirybytakingopinionsfromacademicsandemployers.ThereismuchtobesaidfortheOECD’sapproach.OfcourseaNobellaureate’sviewonwheretostudy

maybeworthhearing,butthoseprofessorsmaybesobusywritingandresearchingthattheyspendlittleornotimeteaching—

abigweaknessatAmerica’sfamousuniversities.Andchangesinmethodologycanbringsurprisingshifts.Thehigh-flyingLond

onSchoolofEconomics,forexample,tumbled(暴跌)from17thto59thintheBritishrankingspublishedlastweek,primarilybecauseitgot

lesscreditthaninpreviousyearsfortheimpressivenumberofforeignstudentsithadmanagedtoattract.TheOECDplanawaitsapprovalfromaneducationmin

isters’meetinginJanuary.Thefirstrankingsareplannedby2021.Theywillbeofinterestnotjustasaguideforshoppersintheglob

almarket,butalsoasindicatorsofperformanceindomesticmarkets.Theywillhelpacademicswonderingwhethertostayputorswitchjobs,studentschoosingwhereto

spendtheirtimeandmoney,andambitiousuniversitybosseswhowantasharpercompetitiveedgefortheirinstitution.ThetasktheOECDhassetitselfisformidabl

e.Inmanysubjects,suchasliteratureandhistory,thesyllabusvarieshugelyfromonecountry,andevenonecampus,toanothe

r.ButOECDresearchersthinkthatproblemcanbeovercomebyconcentratingonthetransferableskillsthatemployersvalue,suchascritical

thinkingandanalysis,andtestingsubjectknowledgeonlyinfieldslikeeconomicsandengineering,withabigcommoncore.Moreover,saysMr

Schleicher,itisajobworthdoing.Today’srankings,hebelieves,donothelpgovernmentsassesswhethertheygetareturnont

hemoneytheygiveuniversitiestoteachtheirundergraduates.Studentsoverlooksecond-rankinstitutionsinfavourofbignames,eventhoughthelessg

randmaybebetteratteaching.Worstofall,rankingbyreputationallowsfamousplacestocoastalong,whilemakinglifehardforfeistyupstarts.“We

willnotbereflectingauniversity’shistory,”saysMrSchleicher,“butasking:whatisaglobalemployerlookingfor?”Afairquestion,evenifnoteverysinglestud

ent’sdestinyistoworkforamultinationalfirm.8.TheprojectbyOECDisaimedto__________.A.assessprimaryandsecondaryeducationofeachschoolthatsubscribetothese

rviceB.appraisethelearningoutcomesofuniversitystudentsaspartoftheiracademicperformanceC.establishaneweva

luationsystemforuniversitiesD.setupanewrankingforcompulsoryeducation9.TheassessmentmethodbyOECDisdifferentfromtheestablishedrankingsin_________

_.A.thatitsinquiryisbroaderastoincludeallthestudentsandstaffB.thatitssamplesarechosenrandomlybasedonstatisticalanalysisofmet

hodC.thatitattachesmoreimportancetothelearningefficiencyD.thatittakesopinionsfromthestudentstoseewhattheyhavelearnt10.Byt

hecaseofLondonSchoolofEconomies,theauthorwantstoshowthat__________.A.theOECD’sapproachisveryfairB.theNobella

ureate’sopinionisnotworthhearingC.theBritishrankingspaymoreattentiontotheforeignstudentsD.differentassessme

ntmethodsmayleadtodifferentrankingresults11.TheOECD’srankingsystemwillprobablybewelcomedmostby__________.A.parentswhopayforthechildren’ssecondaryeduc

ationB.thefamouscollegesC.thoseambitioussecond-rankinstitutionsD.shoppersintheglobalmarket【答案】8.C9.C10.D11.C

【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了经济合作与发展组织(OECD)通过新的方式对大学进行排名，建立新的大学评价体系。【详解】1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Workingoutexactlywhatstudentsandt

axpayersgetforthemoneytheyspendonuniversitiesisatrickybusiness.NowtheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),aParis-basedthink-tankfo

rrichcountries,isplanningtomakethetaskabiteasier,byproducingthefirstinternationalcomparisonofhowsucce

ssfullyuniversitiesteach.(计算出学生和纳税人花在大学上的钱到底得到了什么是一件棘手的事情。现在，经济合作与发展组织（OECD），一个位于巴黎的富裕国家智囊团，正计划通过首次对大学教学的成功程度进行国际比较，使这项任务变得容易一些)”及第二段“Onceenoug

huniversitiesaretakingpart,itmaypublishleaguetablesshowingwhereeachcountrystands,justasitnowdoesforcompulsoryeducatio

n.(一旦有足够多的大学参与其中，它可能会发布排行榜，显示每个国家的排名，就像它现在对义务教育所做的那样)”可推知，OECD项目是为了建立新的大学评价体系。故选C项。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段““Rat

herthanassumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,”ex

plainsAndreasSchleicher,theOECD’sheadofeducationresearch.(经合组织教育研究主管安德烈亚斯·施莱歇尔解释说:“我们不会想当然地认为，一所大学花的钱越多，它

就越好，也不会使用其他衡量质量的替代指标，我们会关注学习成果。”)”可知，OECD组织的评估方法与现有的排名不同在于OECD更加注重学习成果。故选C项。3.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thehigh-flyingLondonSchoolofEconom

ics,forexample,tumbledfrom17thto59thintheBritishrankingspublishedlastweek,primarilybecauseitgotlesscreditthaninpreviousyearsfor

theimpressivenumberofforeignstudentsithadmanagedtoattract.(例如，在上周公布的英国排名中，雄心勃勃的伦敦政治经济学院(LondonSchoolofEconomics)从第1

7位跌至第59位，主要原因是它吸引的外国学生数量令人印象深刻，但与前几年相比，它获得的赞誉有所减少)”及“Andchangesinmethodologycanbringsurprisingshifts.(方法上的改变会带来惊人的转变)”可推知，这个评级的方法和之前的评

级有所不同，而这个例子可能就是要说明这个问题，即，不同的评估方法可能导致不同的排名结果。故选D项。4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Moreover,saysMrSchleicher,itisajobworthdoi

ng.Today’srankings,hebelieves,donothelpgovernmentsassesswhethertheygetareturnonthemoneytheygiveuniversitiestoteachtheirundergr

aduates.Studentsoverlooksecond-rankinstitutionsinfavourofbignames,eventhoughthelessgrandmaybebetteratteaching.(此外，施莱歇尔表示，这是一项值得做的工作

。他认为，今天的排名并不能帮助政府评估他们给大学教育本科生的钱是否得到了回报。学生们忽略了二流的学校，而选择了大牌学校，尽管那些不那么大牌的学校可能更擅长教学)”及上文第二段““Ratherthanassumingthatbecause

auniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,”explainsAndreasSchl

eicher,theOECD’sheadofeducationresearch.(经合组织教育研究主管安德烈亚斯·施莱歇尔解释说:“我们不会想当然地认为，一所大学花的钱越多，它就越好，也不会使用其他衡量质量的替代指标，我们会关注学习成果。”)”可推知，OECD的排名系统可能最受那些雄

心勃勃的二流大学欢迎。故选C项。DNewresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesve

rsusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.Thestudyisthefirsttoanalysecircadianbloodpressurerhythms(节奏)infemalemice.Thebody’scircadianclo

ck-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod—contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthe

courseoftheday.Inmosthealthyhumans,bloodpressuredips(下降)atnight.Peoplewhodonotexperiencethistemporarydr

op,called“non-dippers”,aremorelikelytodevelopheartdisease.Thecircadianclockismadeupoffourmainproteins(encodedby“clockgenes”)thatregula

teclosetohalfofallgenesinthebody,includingthoseimportantforbloodpressureregulation.Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremi

ssingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease.Aresearchteamstudiedthecircadi

anresponseandbloodpressureoffemalemicethatlackPERIandcomparedthemwithahealthyfemalecontrolgroup.Onbothlow-andhigh-saltdiets,bothgroups“ke

ptanapparentcircadianrhythm”ofbloodpressure,theresearchersexplained.Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPERIshowednormaldip

sinbloodpressureovernight.TheseresultssuggestthatthelackofPER1actsdifferentlyinmalesandfemales.Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthat

womenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage.“Thisstudyrepresentsanimportantstepinunderstandingsexdifferencesinthereg

ulationofcardiovascular(心血管的)functionbythecircadianclock,”theresearcherswrote.12.Whatdoesthenewresearchfind?A.Biologicalclockmayp

rotectmalesfromheartdisease.B.Biologicalbloodpressurerhythmsinfemalemiceactnormally.C.Biologicalclockorganizesbodilyactiviti

esovera24-hourperiod.D.Agenecontrollingbiologicalclockworksdifferentlybetweensexes.13Whatrolecancircadianclockplayaccordingtothete

xt?A.Helpingmalescureheartdisease.B.Helpingbloodpressurevarynormally.C.Contributingtoabnormalvariationsinbloodpressure

.D.Makingupfourmainproteinsregulatingalmosthalfofallgenes.14.ThelackofPRRI______A.hasthesameimpactonmalesandfemal

esB.makesnodifferencetomalesC.doesharmtomale’shealthD.ismorelikelytoaffectfemale’shealth15.Whatwouldbeasuit

abletitleforthetext?A.OneclockgeneisimportantB.WomenmaybenefitfrombodyclockC.Newstudyanalysesbloodpressurerh

ythmsD.Bloodpressureofhealthyhumansdipsatnight【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了控制人体生物钟的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物钟。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据

第一段“Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemal

esandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）”可知，新的研究发现，控制生物钟的基因对于男性和女性的作用是不同的。故选D项。.【13题

详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thebody’scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod-contrib

utestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.（人体昼夜节律的在24小时内组织身体活动的生物钟有助于一天中血压和心脏功能的正常变化。）”

可知，生物钟有助于血压和心脏功能正常变化。故选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)be

comenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease.（先前的研究表明，缺少四种生物钟基因(PER1)中的一种的雄性老鼠变得不喜欢游泳，患心脏和肾脏疾病的风险更高。）”以及“Unlikethema

lemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPER1showednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.（与先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，没有PER1的雌性小

鼠在一夜之间血压正常下降。）可知，可知，缺乏PRRI对男性健康有害。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological（ci

rcadian）clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心

脏病的侵害。）”可知，生物钟可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害，以及最后一段“Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage.（

研究表明，女性比同龄男性更不可能成为非杓型。）”可知，女性受到生物钟的影响，心脏和肾脏疾病风险可能更低，所以“女性可能受益于生物钟”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅

读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Envyisanaturalhumanemotion,andwewriterssufferfromitconstantly.Butifweallowit,oure

nvywilleatusupinsideandturnsomethingweonceloved(writing)intosomethingwehatenow.____16____.Herearesomepracticalandeffectivestepsyoucanfollow.Re

mindyourselfwhyyouwrite.Iwritebecauseit’samainaspectofwhoIam.Itsatisfiesmeinawaynothingelsedoes.Altho

ughI’mgladtocashwhatevercheckspublisherssendme,thisisnotmypurpose.____17____.AslongasIrememberwhyIwrite,Idon’tfeelenviousofoth

ers.Keepapositivecommentfile.I’velongkeptablurb(简介)filewhereIlistpositivecommentsreviewershavemadeaboutmywork.Iusethes

eblurbswhenitcomestimetopromotemywork.IalsoreadoverthemwhenIneedtoremindmyselfthatI’maprettygoodwriter.Itakescreensho

ts(截屏)ofpositivethingspeoplesayaboutmyworkonsocialmedia.____18________19____Youknowwhathappenswhenyoudon

’tseepeoplepostingabouttheirwritingsuccessesallthetime?Youknownothingaboutthem.Andifyouknownothingaboutthem,youca

n’tbeenviousofthem,canyou?Sosometimesleavingthesocialmediaalonemighthelpyoureducethechanceofbeingenvious.Livingyourlifeintherealnotthevirt

ualworldcanremindyouthatyourwritingcareerisaboutyou,notaboutanyoneelse.Notfocusonwritingonly.Youshouldbearinmindthatthere

aremorethingstoyourlifethanyourwritingcareer.Hopefullyyouhavefriendsandfamilywholoveyou.Spendsometimewiththem.Doyou

haveanyhobbiesthatdon’tinvolvewriting,somethingyoudoitsimplybecauseit’sfunandrelaxing?Dothatforawhile.Takeabreakforafewdaysanddon’tfeelguiltyabo

utit.____20____A.Cutdownonsocialmedia.B.Paynoattentiontootherssuccesses.C.Usingblurbsmakemefeelsatisfiedan

drelieved.D.AndIlookatthemwhenIneedanemotionalliftaswell.E.Iwritenotforsuchfinancialreward,butforemotionalreward.

F.Therefore,howcanwelearntolivewithitandminimizeitseffects?G.Rechargingyourselfmentallyandemotionallyinturnbenefitsyourwriting.【答案】16.F17.E18

.C19.A20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了作家如何学会与嫉妒共存，并将其影响降至最低的一些建议。【16题详解】上文“Envyisanaturalhumanemotion,andwewriterssuff

erfromitconstantly.Butifweallowit,ourenvywilleatusupinsideandturnsomethingweonceloved(writing)intosomethingwehatenow.(嫉妒是人

类的一种自然情感，而我们作家却经常遭受嫉妒的折磨。但如果我们允许，我们的嫉妒会吞噬我们的内心，把我们曾经喜欢（写）的东西变成我们现在讨厌的东西。)”说明嫉妒对作家不利，选项F“因此，我们如何学会与之共存，并将其影响降至最低？”与上文构成因果关系，因为嫉妒对作家

不利，所以作家们要学会怎样与之共存。故选F项。【17题详解】上文“AlthoughI’mgladtocashwhatevercheckspublisherssendme,thisisnotmypurpose.(尽管我

很乐意兑现出版商寄给我的任何支票，但这不是我的目的。)”说明作者的目的不是为了兑现支票，选项E“我写作不是为了金钱上的回报，而是为了情感上的回报。”承接上文，说明作者写作的目的不是为了钱而是情感。故选E项。【18题详解】上文“I’velongkeptab

lurb(简介)filewhereIlistpositivecommentsreviewershavemadeaboutmywork.Iusetheseblurbswhenitcomestimetopromote

mywork.IalsoreadoverthemwhenIneedtoremindmyselfthatI’maprettygoodwriter.Itakescreenshots(截屏)ofpositivethingspeoplesayabout

myworkonsocialmedia.(我一直保存着一个简介文件，里面列出了评论者对我工作的正面评价。当需要推广我的作品时，我会使用这些简介。当我需要提醒自己我是一个很好的作家时，我也会读一遍。我把人们在社交媒体上对

我作品的正面评价截屏。)”说明作者使用简介来列出对其正面评价，以推广作品，也用来提醒自己是个很好的作家。选项C“使用简介让我感到满足和宽慰。”承接上文，总结使用简介使作者感到愉悦。故选C项。【19题详解】下文“So

sometimesleavingthesocialmediaalonemighthelpyoureducethechanceofbeingenvious.Livingyourlifeintherealnotthevirtualworldcanremindyouthat

yourwritingcareerisaboutyou,notaboutanyoneelse.(因此，有时远离社交媒体可能会帮助你减少嫉妒的机会。生活在真实而非虚拟的世界中会提醒你，你的写作生涯是关于你自己的，而不是关于任何人的。)”建议作家要远离社交媒体，减少嫉

妒。选项A“减少使用社交媒体。”概括了本段主题：远离社交媒体。故选A项。【20题详解】上文“Youshouldbearinmindthattherearemorethingstoyourlifethanyou

rwritingcareer.Hopefullyyouhavefriendsandfamilywholoveyou.Spendsometimewiththem.Doyouhaveanyhobbiesthatdon’ti

nvolvewriting,somethingyoudoitsimplybecauseit’sfunandrelaxing?Dothatforawhile.Takeabreakforafewdaysandd

on’tfeelguiltyaboutit.(你应该记住，你的生活中有比你的写作事业更多的事情。希望你有爱你的朋友和家人。花点时间和他们在一起。你有什么与写作无关的爱好吗？你做这些仅仅是因为有趣和放松？这样做一段时间。休息几天，不要为此感到内疚。)”建议作家要关注除写作以外其他的事情，如为

了好玩和放松，陪陪朋友和家人，做做其他爱好的事情。选项G“给自己的精神和情感充电反过来对你的写作也有好处。”承接上文，说明为了乐趣和放松，要做一些与写作无关的事情，因为有益于写作。故选G项。第三部分语

言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IwrotemyfirstnovelwhenIwas22.Itwasamess.Ididn’tknowhowtoproperlyorganiz

edialoguesandstructureaplot(情节).Thosewereall____21____.Iplannedtoworkoutlater.Igavethebooktomyfathertoread,andheleftmeavoicem

ailinafewdayssayingthatitwas____22____andthatIwasgoingtosellitfor$300,000.____23____,andratherquickly,thebookwas_

___24____byeverypublisherinNewYork.IftherewerealiteraryprizeforMostRejections,Iwouldhavewonit.Iwas____25____

:ofcourse,butIknewbetterthantogiveup—writingwasn’taneasyjob,andifthisbookwasn’tmy____26____in,maybethenextonewouldbe.Igotbackt

owork.Butthisscenario(剧情)happenedagain:Iwrotebooks...andthentheywouldn’t____27____.Stillmyfather’sfait

hinmeneverwavered(动摇),evenifIworkedahostofotherjobs.Someofthejobs,likebeingabookseller,weregreatand____28____tomywritinglife.Some,likeselling

overpricedjeansto12-year-olds,wereonlyinsofarastheywerematerialforfuture____29____.Andtheywere—becaus

eitfinally_____30_____.Isoldabook!Iwasgoingtomakeitbig!IcompletelyagreewiththemotivationspeakerandauthorJohnMax

well’swords:“Successfulandunsuccessfulpeopledonotvarygreatlyintheirabilitiesbutintheir_____31_____toreachtheirpotential.”Life’snot_____32_

____.Itneverwas,itisn’tnow,anditwon’teverbe.Butdonotfallintotheentitlementtrapoffeelingyouarea(n)_____33_____.Youarenot.Getover

itand_____34_____withit.Andyes,mostthingsaremore_____35_____whenyoubreakasweattogetthem.21.A.factsB.

messagesC.meaningsD.details22.A.practicalB.complexC.wonderfulD.puzzling23.A.ButB.InsteadC.ThereforeD.Regardless24.A.rejected

B.acceptedC.abusedD.commended25.A.depressedB.amazedC.frightenedD.pleased26.A.cardB.ticketC.penD.bill27.A.writeB.buyC.workD.sell28.A.une

arthedB.taughtC.ledD.contributed29.A.livesB.decisionsC.storiesD.jobs30.A.happenedB.failedC.madeD.passed31.A.requestB.orderC.recommendatio

nD.desire32.A.sadB.anxiousC.hardD.easy,33.A.athleteB.loserC.ownerD.winner34.A.makeupB.getalongC.giveoutD.passaway35.A.

challengeB.demandingC.rewardingD.paying【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.A25.A26.B27.D28.D29.C30.A31.D32.D33.B34.B35.C【解析】【导语】这是一

篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者想成为一名作家，但他写的书卖不出去，他没有放弃，不断努力，最终获得了成功，成功卖出自己的书。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些都是细节。A.facts事实；B.messages信息；

C.meanings意义；D.details细节。根据上文“Ididn’tknowhowtoproperlyorganizedialoguesandstructureaplot(情节).”可知，我不知道如何正确地组织对话和构建情节，“对话和

情节”属于一本小说的细节。故选D项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我把这本书交给父亲阅读，几天后他给我留了一封语音邮件，说这本书精彩了，我打算以30万美元的价格把它卖掉。A.practical实用的；B.complex复杂的；C.wonderful精彩的；D.puz

zling令人费解的。根据“Iplannedtoworkoutlater.Igavethebooktomyfathertoread,andheleftmeavoicemailinafewdays”和下文“Still,m

yfather’sfaithinmeneverwavered”可知，父亲一直认为我的书写的很好，一直相信我，由此可知，他认为这本书是精彩的。故选C项。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，这本书很快就遭到了纽约所有出版商的拒绝。A.But只有；B.Instead相反

；C.Therefore因此；D.Regardless不管。根据上文“Iwasgoingtosellitfor$300,000”和下文“IftherewerealiteraryprizeforMostRejections,Iwo

uldhavewonit.”可知，我认为自己的书能够卖出去，相反，这本书遭到了出版商的拒绝。故选B项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，这本书很快就遭到了纽约所有出版商的拒绝。A.rejected拒绝；B.a

ccepted接受；C.abused滥用；D.commended称赞。根据下文“IftherewerealiteraryprizeforMostRejections,Iwouldhavewonit.”可知

，我可能会获得“最多拒绝”奖，由此可知，这本书遭到了纽约所有出版商的拒绝。故选A项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很沮丧：当然，但我知道不能放弃——写作不是一件容易的事，如果这本书不是我的入场券，也许下一本会

是。A.depressed沮丧的；B.amazed吃惊的；C.frightened害怕的；D.pleased高兴的。根据下文“IftherewerealiteraryprizeforMostRejections,Iwouldhavewonit.”可知，我的书遭到了很多出版商的拒绝，

由此可知，我很沮丧。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很沮丧：当然，但我知道不能放弃——写作不是一件容易的事，如果这本书不是我的入场券，也许下一本会是。A.card卡片；B.ticket入场券；C.pen钢笔；D.bill账单。

根据上文“IftherewerealiteraryprizeforMostRejections,Iwouldhavewonit.”可知，我的书失败了，由此可知，这本书不是我跻身作家领域的“入场券”。故选B项。【27题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这种剧情再次发生：我写书……然后它们没卖掉。A.write写；B.buy买；C.work工作；D.sell卖。根据句中“Butthisscenario(剧情)happenedagain”可知，同样的剧情再次发生，由此可知，和之前一样，我的书没卖掉。故选D项。

【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一些工作，比如做一名书商，非常棒，为我的写作生涯做出了贡献。A.unearthed挖掘；B.taught教；C.led引领；D.contributed贡献。根据下文“S

ome,likesellingoverpricedjeansto12-year-olds,wereonlyinsofarastheywerematerialforfuture___9__.”可知，我的工作经历为我的写作提供了素材，

由此可知，我的工作为我的写作生涯做出了贡献。故选D项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些，比如向12岁的孩子出售价格过高的牛仔裤，只是因为它们是未来故事的素材。A.lives生活；B.decisions决

定；C.stories故事；D.jobs工作。根据上文“Someofthejobs,likebeingabookseller,weregreatand___8__tomywritinglife.”可知，我的工作为我的写作生涯做出了贡献，由此可知，其中一些经历为我未

来写的故事提供了素材。故选C项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们是——因为事情终于发生了。A.happened发生；B.failed失败；C.made制造；D.passed通过。根据下文“Isoldabook!”可知，我卖了一本书，由此可知

，我期盼的事情终于发生了。故选A项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我完全同意励志演说家兼作家约翰·麦克斯韦尔的话：“成功和不成功的人在能力上没有太大的差异，而是在发挥潜能的渴望上。”A.request要求；B.or

der订单；C.recommendation推荐；D.desire渴望。根据上文“Andtheywere—becauseitfinally__10___.Isoldabook!”可知，作者经历了多次失败后才取得成功，由此可知，

与不成功的人相比，成功的人更渴望发挥潜能。故选D项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生活并不容易。从来没有，现在没有，将来也不会。A.sad悲伤的；B.anxious焦虑的；C.hard艰难的；D.easy容易的。根据上文“Butthisscenario(剧情)happenedaga

in:Iwrotebooks...andthentheywouldn’t___7___.”可知，作者经历了多次失败后才取得成功，由此可知，作者想告诉我们生活并不容易。故选D项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但不要陷入资格陷阱，觉得自己是个失败者。A.

athlete运动员；B.loser失败者；C.owner物主；D.winner获胜者。根据上文“Itneverwas,itisn’tnow,anditwon’teverbe.Butdonotfallintotheentitlementtrap”可知，作者经历了多次失败后才取得成功，

由此可知，作者想告诉我们即使失败多次，也不要觉得自己是个失败者。故选B项。【34题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：克服它，并与它和睦相处。A.makeup编造；B.getalong与……和睦相处；C.giveout释放；D.passaway去世。根据句中“Getoverit”可知

，我们要学会面对失败，克服困难，由此可知，我们要学会与失败和睦相处，不要恐惧失败。故选B项。【35题详解】考查名词/形容词/动词词义辨析。句意：是的，当你为得到它们而流汗时，大多数事情都会更值得。A.challenge挑战；B.demanding要求高的；C.rewarding值得做的；D.

paying付费。根据句中“whenyoubreakasweattogetthem”可知，当你为获得成功而流汗时，你会发现大多数事情都是值得的，空格处应用形容词，作表语。故选C项。第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)语法填空BeCarefulontheInter

netParentsofboysataSydneyprivateschoolhavebeenurgedtomonitortheirsons’useofsocialnetworkingwebsite,withawarning____

36____anymistakesmadeinteenageyearscouldbepermanentlyrecordedontheInternetandcatchupwiththemlaterinlife.Theheadmaster,TimothyWright,wrotetopare

ntsonThursday,____37____(explain)thatyoungerboysweretooimmaturetofullyunderstandthepossibleconsequences

ofdisclosingprivateinformationonsocialnetworkingsites.“Wenowknowthatthosepartsofthebrain____38____dealwithdecision-makingarestilldeveloping

inamaninhis20s,”hesaid.“Butmistakes____39____(commit)atfifteenmaybestillaccessibletoanemployertenyearslater.”Moderntechnologymeansthatacarelessword,a

nill-willedcommentoraninappropriatephotograph,areonpermanentrecordandfreelyavailableto____40____hasaccess.Stupiditiesthat____41____(forget)immedi

atelybeforenowlast,spreadanddamageinwaysunknownbeforethisdecade.DrWrightsaidthat____42____wordsspokenintheplaygroundcou

ldbemoreeasilyforgotten,thosecapturedontheInternetoronmobilephonetextmessagescouldhavefarmorelastingandmorehurtfulconsequences.Heurgedparen

tstosetgroundrulesforuseofmobilephonesandtheInternetandinparticulartosetboundariesontakingandsendingimagesthat__

__43____beusedtobullyothers.“ParentswhoarepayingfortheInternetservicehaveanunquestionableright____44____(insist)theyare

afriendonsocialnetworkingwebsites.Iwouldcertainlyinsistonthis_____45_____atleasttheendof16ifnotlater,”hewrote.【答案】36.that37.explaining38.that#

#which39.committed40.whoever41.wereforgotten42.though##although##while43.may44.toinsist45.until##till【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了悉尼一所私立学校的家长被

要求监督儿子使用社交网站的情况，以防他们在青少年时期犯下可能被互联网永久记录的错误。【36题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：悉尼一所私立学校的家长被要求监督儿子使用社交网站的情况，并被警告说，青少年时期的任何错误都可能被永久

记录在互联网上，并在以后的生活中受到影响。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作warning的同位语，从句成分和语义均完整，应用连接词that作引导词。故填that。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：校长TimothyWright周四写信给家长，解释说小男孩还不成熟，不能完全理解在社交网站上泄

露私人信息可能带来的后果。分析句子可知，空处作伴随状语，是非谓语动词，explain和Theheadmaster逻辑上是主动关系，应用explain的现在分词形式explaining。故填explaining。【38题详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们现在知道，20多岁的男性大脑中处理决策的部分仍在

发育。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词thosepartsofthebrain，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是15岁时犯的错误可能在10年后仍能被雇主发现。分析句子可知，空

处作后置定语修饰mistakes，commit和mistakes逻辑上是被动关系，且结合语境可知，此处侧重已完成，应用commit的过去分词形式committed。故填committed。【40题详解】考查宾语从句。句意

：现代科技意味着一个粗心大意的词，一条恶意的评论或一张不合适的照片，都被永久记录下来，任何人都可以自由地获取。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作介词to的宾语，从句中缺少主语，且结合语境可知，此处表示“任何一个人

”都可以获取，应用连接代词whoever作引导词。故填whoever。【41题详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：愚蠢行为以前会被立即遗忘，现在会以十年之前未知的方式持续存在、传播和破坏。分析句子可知，空处作that引导的限制性定语从句的谓语，从句的先行

词是Stupidities，在从句中作主语，从句的时间状语是before，时态应用一般过去时，forget和主语之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是复数名词，be动词应用were。故填wereforgotten。【42题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：Wright博

士说，虽然在操场上说的话更容易被遗忘，但在互联网或手机短信上说的话可能会造成更持久、更有害的后果。根据“couldbemoreeasilyforgotten”和“couldhavefarmorelastingandm

orehurtfulconsequences”可推知，that引导的宾语从句中，前后两部分语义有对立，且结合语境可知，此处表示让步关系，强调后面的内容，空处应用从属连词though、although或while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。故填though/although/while

。【43题详解】考查情态动词。句意：他敦促家长为孩子使用手机和互联网制定基本规则，特别是在拍摄和发送可能被用来欺凌他人的照片方面设定界限。分析句子可知，此处that引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词images，先行词在从句中作主语，从句描述的是通常性的行为，结合语境可知，此处表示这些照片“可能”被

用来欺凌他人，空处应用情态动词may表示可能性。故填may。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为互联网服务付费的父母有无可置疑的权利坚持他们社交网站上的朋友身份。名词right常和不定式搭配，表示“做……的权利”，空处应用insist的不定式形式toi

nsist。故填toinsist。【45题详解】考查介词。句意：我肯定会坚持到至少16周岁，如果不是更晚的话。结合语境可推知，此处Wright校长在敦促家长要一直坚持对孩子的社交网站的监督，至少要到孩子16周岁的时候，空处应用介词until或

till，表示“直到”。故填until/till。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论人类是否应该进行太空探索。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写封信，反映讨论结果，并提出自己的看法。40%的同学反对

：1.浪费金钱，这些钱原本可以解决地球上的饥饿、贫困等问题；2.可能会污染太空里的环境。60%同学赞成：1.能更好地应对自然灾害；2.可进行地球上无法进行的科学实验。注意：1.词数100词左右；2.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头已为你拟好，不计入总词

数。参考词汇：贫困povertyDearEditor,Recentlyourclasshavehadaheateddiscussionaboutwhetheritisworthwhileformankindtoexplorethespace.__________

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______________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearEditor,Recentlyourclasshadaheateddiscussionaboutwheth

eritisworthwhileformankindtoexplorespace.Theopinionsweredivided,with40%ofthestudentsopposingtheideaand60%supportingit.Thosewhoareagai

nstspaceexplorationarguethatitisawasteofmoney,whichcouldbeusedtosolvepressingissueslikepovertyandhung

eronEarth.Theyalsoworryaboutthepotentialpollutionthatmayoccurinspace,whichcouldfurtherharmourenvironment.Ontheotherhand,themajo

rityofstudentssupportspaceexploration.Theybelievethatitprovidesuswithabettermeanstocopewithnaturaldisasters.Moreove

r,conductingscientificexperimentsinspacecouldleadtogroundbreakingdiscoveries,assomeexperimentscanonlybeconductedinazero-gravityenvironmen

t.Personally,Ifindmyselfleaningtowardssupportingspaceexploration.WhileIacknowledgetheconcernsaboutthecostandpotentialpollution,Ibelieveth

atthebenefitsoutweighthedrawbacks.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。假定你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论人类是否应该进行太空探索。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给

该报写封信，反映讨论结果，并提出自己的看法。【详解】1.词汇积累观点：opinion→viewpoint解决：solve→resolve处理：copewith→dealwith反对：beagainst→beopposedto2.句式拓展同

义句转换原句：Theybelievethatitprovidesuswithabettermeanstocopewithnaturaldisasters.拓展句：Theyholdthebeliefthatitprovidesuswithabettermeansto

copewithnaturaldisasters.【点睛】[高分句型1]Theyalsoworryaboutthepotentialpollutionthatmayoccurinspace,whichcouldfurtherharmourenvir

onment.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)[高分句型2]Recentlyourclasshadaheateddiscussionaboutwhetheritisworthwhileforman

kindtoexplorespace.(运用了whether引导宾语从句)第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ThechainofkindnessTherainwascomingdownsohardthateachdro

pseemedtoexplodeasithittheroofofthecar.Tomlookedoutintothecoal-blacknight,strugglingdesperatelytokeephiscarontheroad.Therainbeatdowncontinuous

lyandtheroadwasdesertedexceptforTomandhiscar.Tomcouldseehiswheelchairinthebackseatfromtherear-viewmirrorandquicklylookeddownathisthi

n,brokenlegs.Hecouldfeelafamiliarwaveofdespairstarttowashoverhim.Suddenly,aloudnoiseshookhimoutofhismomentofhopelessnessasthe

carbegantobumpdowntheroad.“Great,”hethought,“aflattyre.”Withaheavysigh,Tombroughtthecartoastop,restinghis

headonthesteeringwheel,defeated!Afterafewseconds,helookedupandpeeredoutofthewindow.Inthedistance,hecouldseealighttwi

nklingintheblackness.WhenTomapproachedthehouse,ayounggirlaroundtenyearsoldwasstandinginthedoorway.Hepulledupandrolledd

ownthewindow.“Areyourparentsathome?”heshoutedoverthewindandrain.“IhaveaflattyreandIneedhelp.”“Waitaminute,”thegirlrepliedandwentintothehouse.A

fewminuteslater,shereturnedwithanoldman.Thegirlheldhisarmandsmiledlovinglyupathim.Tomexplainedtheproblemtotheoldmanandadded,

“Ineedhelpbecausemylegsareparalyzed.”Thewordscameoutflat.Buthedidnotknowhowelsehecouldconveythefactthatheneededhelpfromthisweakoldmaninthemiddle

oftherainstorm.Theoldmansimplynodded.Theoldmanandthelittlegirlconcentratedontheirworkandtherainwassoakingthem.Onceagain,Tomcoul

dn’thelpbutfeelhewasuseless.Soontheoldmansteppedtothewindow.“You’reallset,”hesaid.Tomhandedsomemoneytotheoldman,buthemadenomovet

otakeit.Finally,theyounggirlsaid,“Grandfatherisblind.”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。Tomdidnotknowwhattosay.________________________________

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_____________Inspiredbythechanceencounter,Tomstartedtoseeeverythingdifferently._____________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:Tomdid

notknowwhattosay.Hejustgesturedtowardsthegirlandtheoldmanhelplesslyashestumbledthroughanexplanationthathewouldliketopaythe

mfortheirhelp.Thegrandfatherwavedahandandsaid,“Thereisnoneed.Justbecarefulaboutgettinghomeandcontinuethechainofkind

ness.”Tomgotbackontotheroad.Therain的wasnowonlyalightmist,revealingtheroadahead.Ashedrovethroughthenight,hefoun

dhimselflookingforwardtothejourneyahead.Inspiredbythechanceencounter,Tomstartedtoseeeverythingdifferently.Hecontactedhis

doctorthenextdaytoseeifhecoulddosomethingtoincreasehismobility.Later,hepursuedhislong-lostdreamofbecomingateacherandreconnectedwithhisf

amily.PerhapsTomwasdisabledinoneway,buthedecidedthathewouldnotletthisdefinewhohewasorwhathecouldaccomplish.Mostimportantly,hebegantolookforwa

rdtoeachnewdayandviewitasanopportunitytohelpotherssothathecouldcontinuethechainofkindness.【解析】【导语】文章以人物为线索展开，讲述一天夜里双腿残

疾的Tom独自一人驾车行驶在倾盆大雨之中，突然他发现他的车子爆胎了。Tom将车开到路边的一幢小屋求助。在那里，一个小女孩和她的爷爷冒雨为Tom修好了车。当Tom准备给这对爷孙钱以示感谢时，他发现爷爷竟然是一位盲人。【详解】1.段落续写：①根据第一段首句“Tom吃惊得说不出话来”可知，

下文可描写Tom付钱给老人，但被拒绝，老人告诉他可以把这份传递下去。②根据第二段首句“这件事让Tom大受鼓舞，他决定联系医生来改善自己的行动能力”可知，下文可描写Tom不再颓废，重拾自己的梦想，并努力将这份信念转化为有益于他人的行动。2.续写线索：吃惊——付钱——拒绝并叮嘱将爱

心传递下去——受到鼓舞——不再颓废，重拾梦想——帮助他人3词类激活行为类①发现：find/feel/realize②联系：contact/getintouchwith③决定：decide/determin

e/makeupone’smind情绪类①善良：kindness/goodness②无助地：helplessly/hopelessly【点睛】[高分句型1]Ashedrovethroughthenight,hefoun

dhimselflookingforwardtothejourneyahead.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句）[高分句型2]Hecontactedhisdoctorthenextdaytoseeifhecoulddosome

thingtoincreasehismobility.（运用了if引导的宾语从句）.[高分句型3]Mostimportantly,hebegantolookforwardtoeachnewdayandviewitasanop

portunitytohelpotherssothathecouldcontinuethechainofkindness.（运用了sothat引导的目的状语从句）获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com