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2022-2023学年(下)期末学业质量联合调研抽测高一英语试题(分数：120分，时间：100分钟)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFourPla

cesNamedAfterScientistsinAntarcticaTherearemanyscientificbreakthroughsmadebywomeninAntarctic.Herearef

ourlandmarksinAntarcticaandthefemalepioneersthey’renamedfor.JonesTerrace(梯田)Theice-freeterraceineasternAntarctica’sVi

ctoriaLandbearsJones’name.In1969,geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.towor

kinAntarctica.JonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,anice-freeareaofAntarctica.Throughchemicalanalysesofrocksthey

hadcollected,Jonesandherteamdiscoveredmanygeochemicalcharacteristicsofthevalley’sice-coveredlakes.MountFiennes8,202-foot-highMountFiennes,locatedo

nAntarctica’slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnamedforGinnyFiennes.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallra

diotowersintheAntarctic.In1985,FiennesbecamethefirstfemalewhowasinvitedtojointheAntarcticClub,aBritishsupperclubopentoindividualswhohavespentext

endedtimeintheAntarcticregion.FrancisPeakThe3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarctica’sAdelaideIslandisnamedaf

terDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchins

tituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethec

ontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.PedenCliffsPedenCliffsnearAntarctica’sMarieByrdLandareproofof

thelaborofIrenePeden.ShewasthefirstAmericanfemalescientisttobothliveandworkintheAntarctic,wheresheusedradiowavestostudyicesheets.Pedenandherteamd

eterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavesspreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.Theyalsousedvaryingr

adiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.1.WhichplaceisnamedafterabuilderofradiotowersintheAntarctic?A.JonesTerr

ace.B.MountFiennes.C.FrancisPeak.D.PedenCliffs.2.WhoprovedtheprevioushighertemperaturesoftheAntarctic?A.LoisM.Jones.B.GinnyFiennes.C.DameJaneFrancis.

D.IrenePeden.3.WhatisspecialaboutIrenePeden?A.ShecouldjudgethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.B.Shediscoveredalot

ofice-coveredlakesintheAntarctic.CShewasthefirstfemaleAmericantoexploretheAntarctic.D.Shecorrectlymeasuredthespreadingsp

eedofradiowaves.BAscitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’

relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthan

dwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresear

chteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofamean

ingfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,one

participant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves.”Acrossthe32

0submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubm

issions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowing

anestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingan

dmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedge.ofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonawe

ekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainonthei

rlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohapp

en,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.4.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribe

atthebeginningofthetext?A.Pocketparksarenowpopular.B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated.D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonatur

e.5Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists

.C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark.D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.6.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?A.Walkingisthebes

twaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhanceswor

kperformance.7.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A.Languagestudy.B.Environ

mentalconservation.C.Publiceducation.D.Interculturalcommunication.CWorkingoutexactlywhatstudentsandtaxpayersg

etforthemoneytheyspendonuniversitiesisatrickybusiness.NowtheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),aParis-basedthink-tankforrichcoun

tries,isplanningtomakethetaskabiteasier,byproducingthefirstinternationalcomparisonofhowsuccessfullyuniversitiesteach.“Ratherthanassumingthatbeca

useauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,”explainsAndreasSchleiche

r,theOECD’sheadofeducationresearch.JustastheOECDassessesprimaryandsecondaryeducationbytestingrandomlychosengroupsofyoungstersfromeachco

untryinreadingandmathematics,itwillsampleuniversitystudentstoseewhattheyhavelearned.Onceenoughuniversiti

esaretakingpart,itmaypublishleaguetablesshowingwhereeachcountrystands,justasitnowdoesforcompulsoryeducation.Thatmayproduceafairerassessmentt

hanthetwoestablished.rankings,thoughtheBritishonedoestrytobroadenitsinquirybytakingopinionsfromacademicsandemployers.Thereismuchtobesaidforth

eOECD’sapproach.OfcourseaNobellaureate’sviewonwheretostudymaybeworthhearing,butthoseprofessorsmaybesobusywritingandresearchingtha

ttheyspendlittleornotimeteaching—abigweaknessatAmerica’sfamousuniversities.Andchangesinmethodologycanbr

ingsurprisingshifts.Thehigh-flyingLondonSchoolofEconomics,forexample,tumbled(暴跌)from17thto59thintheBritishrankingspublishedlastw

eek,primarilybecauseitgotlesscreditthaninpreviousyearsfortheimpressivenumberofforeignstudentsithadmanagedtoattract.TheOECDplanawaitsa

pprovalfromaneducationministers’meetinginJanuary.Thefirstrankingsareplannedby2021.Theywillbeofinterestnotjustasaguideforshoppersinthegloba

lmarket,butalsoasindicatorsofperformanceindomesticmarkets.Theywillhelpacademicswonderingwhethertostayputorswitchjobs,studentschoosingwheretospend

theirtimeandmoney,andambitiousuniversitybosseswhowantasharpercompetitiveedgefortheirinstitution.ThetasktheOECDhassetitselfisformidab

le.Inmanysubjects,suchasliteratureandhistory,thesyllabusvarieshugelyfromonecountry,andevenonecampus,toanother.ButOECDresearchersth

inkthatproblemcanbeovercomebyconcentratingonthetransferableskillsthatemployersvalue,suchascriticalthinkingandanalysis,andtestingsubjectknowledge

onlyinfieldslikeeconomicsandengineering,withabigcommoncore.Moreover,saysMrSchleicher,itisajobworthdoing.Today’srankin

gs,hebelieves,donothelpgovernmentsassesswhethertheygetareturnonthemoneytheygiveuniversitiestoteachtheirunde

rgraduates.Studentsoverlooksecond-rankinstitutionsinfavourofbignames,eventhoughthelessgrandmaybebetteratteaching.Worstofall,rank

ingbyreputationallowsfamousplacestocoastalong,whilemakinglifehardforfeistyupstarts.“Wewillnotbereflectingauniversity’shistory,”

saysMrSchleicher,“butasking:whatisaglobalemployerlookingfor?”Afairquestion,evenifnoteverysinglestudent’sde

stinyistoworkforamultinationalfirm.8.TheprojectbyOECDisaimedto__________.A.assessprimaryandsecondaryeducationof

eachschoolthatsubscribetotheserviceB.appraisethelearningoutcomesofuniversitystudentsaspartoftheiracademicperformanceC.establ

ishanewevaluationsystemforuniversitiesD.setupanewrankingforcompulsoryeducation9.TheassessmentmethodbyOECDisdifferentfro

mtheestablishedrankingsin__________.A.thatitsinquiryisbroaderastoincludeallthestudentsandstaffB.thatitssamplesarechosenrandomly

basedonstatisticalanalysisofmethodC.thatitattachesmoreimportancetothelearningefficiencyD.thatittakesopinio

nsfromthestudentstoseewhattheyhavelearnt10.BythecaseofLondonSchoolofEconomies,theauthorwantstoshowthat__________.A.theOECD’sapproachisveryfairB.t

heNobellaureate’sopinionisnotworthhearingC.theBritishrankingspaymoreattentiontotheforeignstudentsD.differentassessmentmethodsmayleadtodifferentr

ankingresults11.TheOECD’srankingsystemwillprobablybewelcomedmostby__________.A.parentswhopayforthechildren’ssecondaryeducationB

.thefamouscollegesC.thoseambitioussecond-rankinstitutionsD.shoppersintheglobalmarketDNewresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological(c

ircadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.Thestudyisthefirsttoanalysecircadianbloodpress

urerhythms(节奏)infemalemice.Thebody’scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod—contribut

estonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.Inmosthealthyhumans,bloodpressuredips(下降)atnight.Peoplewhodo

notexperiencethistemporarydrop,called“non-dippers”,aremorelikelytodevelopheartdisease.Thecircadianclock

ismadeupoffourmainproteins(encodedby“clockgenes”)thatregulateclosetohalfofallgenesinthebody,includingthoseimportantforbloodpressureregulation.Pre

viousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherr

iskforheartandkidneydisease.AresearchteamstudiedthecircadianresponseandbloodpressureoffemalemicethatlackPERIandcomparedthemwithahealthyfemalecontro

lgroup.Onbothlow-andhigh-saltdiets,bothgroups“keptanapparentcircadianrhythm”ofbloodpressure,theresearchersexplained.Unlikethemalemicei

npreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPERIshowednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.TheseresultssuggestthatthelackofPER1act

sdifferentlyinmalesandfemales.Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippers

thanmenofthesameage.“Thisstudyrepresentsanimportantstepinunderstandingsexdifferencesintheregulationofcardiovascular(心血管的)functionbythecirc

adianclock,”theresearcherswrote.12Whatdoesthenewresearchfind?.A.Biologicalclockmayprotectmalesfromheartdisease.B.Biologicalbloodpressurerhythmsinfema

lemiceactnormally.C.Biologicalclockorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod.D.Agenecontrollingbiologicalcl

ockworksdifferentlybetweensexes.13.Whatrolecancircadianclockplayaccordingtothetext?A.Helpingmalescureheartdisease.B.Helpingbloodpressurevaryno

rmally.C.Contributingtoabnormalvariationsinbloodpressure.D.Makingupfourmainproteinsregulatingalmostha

lfofallgenes.14.ThelackofPRRI______A.hasthesameimpactonmalesandfemalesB.makesnodifferencetomalesCdoesharmtomale’shealthD.ismorelikelytoaffectfema

le’shealth15.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.OneclockgeneisimportantB.WomenmaybenefitfrombodyclockC.Newstudyanalysesbl

oodpressurerhythmsD.Bloodpressureofhealthyhumansdipsatnight第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填

入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Envyisanaturalhumanemotion,andwewriterssufferfromitconstantly.Butifweallowit,ourenvywilleatusupinsideandturnsomethingweoncelov

ed(writing)intosomethingwehatenow.____16____.Herearesomepracticalandeffectivestepsyoucanfollow.Remindyourselfwhyyouwrite.Iwri

tebecauseit’samainaspectofwhoIam.Itsatisfiesmeinawaynothingelsedoes.AlthoughI’mgladtocashwhatevercheckspublisher

ssendmethisisnotmypurpose.____17____.AslongasIrememberwhyIwrite,Idon’tfeelenviousofothers.Keepapositive

commentfile..,I’velongkeptablurb(简介)filewhereIlistpositivecommentsreviewershavemadeaboutmywork.Iusetheseblurbswhenitcomestimetopromo

temywork.IalsoreadoverthemwhenIneedtoremindmyselfthatI’maprettygoodwriter.Itakescreenshots(截屏)ofpositiveth

ingspeoplesayaboutmyworkonsocialmedia.____18________19____Youknowwhathappenswhenyoudon’tseepeoplepostingabouttheirwritingsuccess

esallthetime?Youknownothingaboutthem.Andifyouknownothingaboutthem,youcan’tbeenviousofthem,canyou?Sosometimesleavingthesocialmediaalonem

ighthelpyoureducethechanceofbeingenvious.Livingyourlifeintherealnotthevirtualworldcanremindyouthatyourwritingcareerisaboutyou,

notaboutanyoneelse.Notfocusonwritingonly.Youshouldbearinmindthattherearemorethingstoyourlifethanyourwritingcareer.Hopefullyy

ouhavefriendsandfamilywholoveyou.Spendsometimewiththem.Doyouhaveanyhobbiesthatdon’tinvolvewriting,so

methingyoudoitsimplybecauseit’sfunandrelaxing?Dothatforawhile.Takeabreakforafewdaysanddon’tfeelguiltyaboutit.____20____A.Cutdow

nonsocialmedia.B.Paynoattentiontootherssuccesses.C.Usingblurbsmakemefeelsatisfiedandrelieved.D.AndIlookatthemwhenIneedanemotionalliftaswell.E.Iw

ritenotforsuchfinancialreward,butforemotionalreward.F.Therefore,howcanwelearntolivewithitandminimizeitseffects?G.R

echargingyourselfmentallyandemotionallyinturnbenefitsyourwriting.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选

项。IwrotemyfirstnovelwhenIwas22.Itwasamess.Ididn’tknowhowtoproperlyorganizedialoguesandstructureaplot(情节).Thosewerea

ll____21____.Iplannedtoworkoutlater.Igavethebooktomyfathertoread,andheleftmeavoicemailinafewdayssayingthatitwas____22____andt

hatIwasgoingtosellitfor$300,000.____23____,andratherquickly,thebookwas____24____byeverypublisherinNewYork.Iftherewerealiterarypriz

eforMostRejections,Iwouldhavewonit.Iwas____25____:ofcourse,butIknewbetterthantogiveup—writingwasn’taneasyjob,andifthisbookwasn’tmy____26__

__in,maybethenextonewouldbe.Igotbacktowork.Butthisscenario(剧情)happenedagain:Iwrotebooks...andthentheywouldn’t____27____.Still,myfather’sfaithin

meneverwavered(动摇),evenifIworkedahostofotherjobs.Someofthejobs,likebeingabookseller,weregreatand____28____tomywritinglife.Some,likesellingoverpr

icedjeansto12-year-olds,wereonlyinsofarastheywerematerialforfuture____29____.Andtheywere—becauseitfinally_____30_

____.Isoldabook!Iwasgoingtomakeitbig!IcompletelyagreewiththemotivationspeakerandauthorJohnMaxwell’swords:“Succ

essfulandunsuccessfulpeopledonotvarygreatlyintheirabilitiesbutintheir_____31_____toreachtheirpotential.”Life’snot_____32_____.Itneverwas,itisn’tn

ow,anditwon’teverbe.Butdonotfallintotheentitlementtrapoffeelingyouarea(n)_____33_____.Youarenot.Getoveritand___

__34_____withit.Andyes,mostthingsaremore_____35_____whenyoubreakasweattogetthem.21.A.factsB.messagesC.meaningsD.details22.A.practicalB.complexC.w

onderfulD.puzzling23.A.ButB.InsteadC.ThereforeD.Regardless24.A.rejectedB.acceptedC.abusedD.commended25.A.depressedB.amazedC.

frightenedD.pleased26.A.cardB.ticketC.penD.bill27.A.writeB.buyC.workD.sell28.A.unearthedB.taughtC.ledD.contributed29.A.livesB.decisionsC.stori

esD.jobs30.A.happenedB.failedC.madeD.passed31.A.requestB.orderC.recommendationD.desire32.A.sadB.anxiousC.hardD.easy3

3.A.athleteB.loserC.ownerD.winner34.A.makeupB.getalongC.giveoutD.passaway35.A.challengeB.demandingC.rewardingD.paying第二节(共10小

题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)语法填空BeCarefulontheInternetParentsofboysataSydneyprivateschoolhavebeenurgedtomonitortheirsons’useofsocialnetworkingwebsite,withawa

rning____36____anymistakesmadeinteenageyearscouldbepermanentlyrecordedontheInternetandcatchupwiththemla

terinlife.Theheadmaster,TimothyWright,wrotetoparentsonThursday,____37____(explain)thatyoungerboyswereto

oimmaturetofullyunderstandthepossibleconsequencesofdisclosingprivateinformationonsocialnetworkingsites.“

Wenowknowthatthosepartsofthebrain____38____dealwithdecision-makingarestilldevelopinginamaninhis20s,”hesaid.“Butmistakes____39____(c

ommit)atfifteenmaybestillaccessibletoanemployertenyearslater.”Moderntechnologymeansthatacarelessword,anill-willedcommentora

ninappropriatephotograph,areonpermanentrecordandfreelyavailableto____40____hasaccess.Stupiditiesthat____41____(forget)immediatelybeforenowlast

,spreadanddamageinwaysunknownbeforethisdecade.DrWrightsaidthat____42____wordsspokenintheplaygroundcouldbemoreeasilyforgotten,thosecapturedontheI

nternetoronmobilephonetextmessagescouldhavefarmorelastingandmorehurtfulconsequences.HeurgedparentstosetgroundrulesforuseofmobilephonesandtheInt

ernetandinparticulartosetboundariesontakingandsendingimagesthat____43____beusedtobullyothers.“ParentswhoarepayingfortheInternetservicehaveanunquestio

nableright____44____(insist)theyareafriendonsocialnetworkingwebsites.Iwouldcertainlyinsistonthis_____45_____atleasttheendo

f16ifnotlater,”hewrote.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论人类是否应该进行太空探索。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写封信，反映讨

论结果，并提出自己的看法。40%的同学反对：1.浪费金钱，这些钱原本可以解决地球上的饥饿、贫困等问题；2.可能会污染太空里的环境。60%同学赞成：1.能更好地应对自然灾害；2.可进行地球上无法进行的科学实验。注意：1.词数100词左右；2.可根据

内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头已为你拟好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：贫困povertyDearEditor,Recentlyourclasshavehadaheateddiscussionaboutwhetheritisworthw

hileformankindtoexplorethespace._____________________________________________________________________________________________

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__________________Yours,LiHua第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ThechainofkindnessTherainwascomingdownsohardthateachdropseemedto

explodeasithittheroofofthecar.Tomlookedoutintothecoal-blacknight,strugglingdesperatelytokeephiscarontheroad.Therainbeatdowncontinuous

lyandtheroadwasdesertedexceptforTomandhiscar.Tomcouldseehiswheelchairinthebackseatfromtherear-viewmirrorandquicklylookeddownathi

sthin,brokenlegs.Hecouldfeelafamiliarwaveofdespairstarttowashoverhim.Suddenly,aloudnoiseshookhimoutofhismomentofhopelessnessa

sthecarbegantobumpdowntheroad.“Great,”hethought,“aflattyre.”Withaheavysigh,Tombroughtthecartoastop,restinghisheadonthesteeringwheel

,defeated!Afterafewseconds,helookedupandpeeredoutofthewindow.Inthedistance,hecouldseealighttwinklingintheblackness.WhenTomapproachedthehouse,ay

ounggirlaroundtenyearsoldwasstandinginthedoorway.Hepulledupandrolleddownthewindow.“Areyourparentsathome?”heshoutedoverthewindan

drain.“IhaveaflattyreandIneedhelp.”“Waitaminute,”thegirlrepliedandwentintothehouse.Afewminuteslater,shereturnedwithanoldman.Th

egirlheldhisarmandsmiledlovinglyupathim.Tomexplainedtheproblemtotheoldmanandadded,“Ineedhelpbecausemylegsareparalyzed.”Thewordscameoutflat.

Buthedidnotknowhowelsehecouldconveythefactthatheneededhelpfromthisweakoldmaninthemiddleoftherainstorm.Theoldmansimplynodded.

Theoldmanandthelittlegirlconcentratedontheirworkandtherainwassoakingthem.Onceagain,Tomcouldn’thelpbutfeelhewasuseles

s.Soontheoldmansteppedtothewindow.“You’reallset,”hesaid.Tomhandedsomemoneytotheoldman,buthemadenomovetota

keit.Finally,theyounggirlsaid,“Grandfatherisblind.”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Tomdidnotknowwhattosay.____________________________

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counter,Tomstartedtoseeeverythingdifferently.________________________________________________________________________

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