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2022-2023学年(下)期末学业质量联合调研抽测高一英语试题(分数：120分，时间：100分钟)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFourP

lacesNamedAfterScientistsinAntarcticaTherearemanyscientificbreakthroughsmadebywomeninAntarctic.HerearefourlandmarksinAntarcti

caandthefemalepioneersthey’renamedfor.JonesTerrace(梯田)Theice-freeterraceineasternAntarctica’sVictoriaLandbearsJones’n

ame.In1969,geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.toworkinAntarctica.Jonesandherteamstudiedchemical

weatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,anice-freeareaofAntarctica.Throughchemicalanalysesofrockstheyhadcollected,Jonesandherteamdi

scoveredmanygeochemicalcharacteristicsofthevalley’sice-coveredlakes.MountFiennes8,202-foot-highMountFiennes,locatedonAntarctica

’slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnamedforGinnyFiennes.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarctic.In1985,Fiennesbe

camethefirstfemalewhowasinvitedtojointheAntarcticClub,aBritishsupperclubopentoindividualswhohavespentextendedtimeintheAntarcticr

egion.FrancisPeakThe3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarctica’sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefir

stfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedc

oncludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.PedenCl

iffsPedenCliffsnearAntarctica’sMarieByrdLandareproofofthelaborofIrenePeden.ShewasthefirstAmericanfemalescientisttobothliveandw

orkintheAntarctic,wheresheusedradiowavestostudyicesheets.Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavesspreadov

erlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAn

tarctica’sicesheets.1.WhichplaceisnamedafterabuilderofradiotowersintheAntarctic?A.JonesTerrace.B.MountFie

nnes.C.FrancisPeak.D.PedenCliffs.2.WhoprovedtheprevioushighertemperaturesoftheAntarctic?A.LoisM.Jones.B.GinnyFiennes.C.DameJaneFrancis.D.

IrenePeden.3.WhatisspecialaboutIrenePeden?A.ShecouldjudgethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.B.Shediscoveredalotofice-coveredlakesintheAntarctic

.CShewasthefirstfemaleAmericantoexploretheAntarctic.D.Shecorrectlymeasuredthespreadingspeedofradiowaves.BAscitiesballoonwithgrow

th,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunu

sualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanew

studyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalarge

urbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulintera

ctiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcat

egories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassigned

thecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.After

thecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheed

geofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactiv

itiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedge.ofwatermig

htbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredo

mesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteracti

onsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.4

.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A.Pocketparksarenowpopular.B.Wildnatureishardtofind

incities.C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated.D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.5Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategorie

s?A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesoft

hepark.D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.6.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonat

ure.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhanc

esworkperformance.7.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A.Languagestudy.B.Envir

onmentalconservation.C.Publiceducation.D.Interculturalcommunication.CWorkingoutexactlywhatstudentsandtaxpayersg

etforthemoneytheyspendonuniversitiesisatrickybusiness.NowtheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopme

nt(OECD),aParis-basedthink-tankforrichcountries,isplanningtomakethetaskabiteasier,byproducingthefirstinternatio

nalcomparisonofhowsuccessfullyuniversitiesteach.“Ratherthanassumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbe

better,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,”explainsAndreasSchleicher,theOECD’sheadofeducationresearch.

JustastheOECDassessesprimaryandsecondaryeducationbytestingrandomlychosengroupsofyoungstersfromeachcountryinreadingandmathematics,itwi

llsampleuniversitystudentstoseewhattheyhavelearned.Onceenoughuniversitiesaretakingpart,itmaypublishleaguetablesshowingwhereeachcountry

stands,justasitnowdoesforcompulsoryeducation.Thatmayproduceafairerassessmentthanthetwoestablished.rankings,t

houghtheBritishonedoestrytobroadenitsinquirybytakingopinionsfromacademicsandemployers.ThereismuchtobesaidfortheOECD’sapp

roach.OfcourseaNobellaureate’sviewonwheretostudymaybeworthhearing,butthoseprofessorsmaybesobusywriting

andresearchingthattheyspendlittleornotimeteaching—abigweaknessatAmerica’sfamousuniversities.Andchanges

inmethodologycanbringsurprisingshifts.Thehigh-flyingLondonSchoolofEconomics,forexample,tumbled(暴跌)from17thto59thintheBritishrankingsp

ublishedlastweek,primarilybecauseitgotlesscreditthaninpreviousyearsfortheimpressivenumberofforeignstudent

sithadmanagedtoattract.TheOECDplanawaitsapprovalfromaneducationministers’meetinginJanuary.Thefirstrankin

gsareplannedby2021.Theywillbeofinterestnotjustasaguideforshoppersintheglobalmarket,butalsoasindicatorsofperforman

ceindomesticmarkets.Theywillhelpacademicswonderingwhethertostayputorswitchjobs,studentschoosingwheretospen

dtheirtimeandmoney,andambitiousuniversitybosseswhowantasharpercompetitiveedgefortheirinstitution.The

tasktheOECDhassetitselfisformidable.Inmanysubjects,suchasliteratureandhistory,thesyllabusvarieshugelyfromonecountry,andevenone

campus,toanother.ButOECDresearchersthinkthatproblemcanbeovercomebyconcentratingonthetransferableskillsthatemployersvalue,

suchascriticalthinkingandanalysis,andtestingsubjectknowledgeonlyinfieldslikeeconomicsandengineering,withabigcommoncore.Moreover,saysMrS

chleicher,itisajobworthdoing.Today’srankings,hebelieves,donothelpgovernmentsassesswhethertheygetaretur

nonthemoneytheygiveuniversitiestoteachtheirundergraduates.Studentsoverlooksecond-rankinstitutionsinfavourofbignames,eventhoughthelessgrandmaybebe

tteratteaching.Worstofall,rankingbyreputationallowsfamousplacestocoastalong,whilemakinglifehardforfeistyupstarts.“Wewillnotberef

lectingauniversity’shistory,”saysMrSchleicher,“butasking:whatisaglobalemployerlookingfor?”Afairquestion,evenifnoteverysinglestudent’sdest

inyistoworkforamultinationalfirm.8.TheprojectbyOECDisaimedto__________.A.assessprimaryandsecondaryeducationofeachschoolthatsu

bscribetotheserviceB.appraisethelearningoutcomesofuniversitystudentsaspartoftheiracademicperformanceC.est

ablishanewevaluationsystemforuniversitiesD.setupanewrankingforcompulsoryeducation9.TheassessmentmethodbyOECDisdifferentfromtheestablishedrankin

gsin__________.A.thatitsinquiryisbroaderastoincludeallthestudentsandstaffB.thatitssamplesarechosenrandomlybasedonstatistical

analysisofmethodC.thatitattachesmoreimportancetothelearningefficiencyD.thatittakesopinionsfromthestudentstoseewhattheyhavelearnt10.BythecaseofLondo

nSchoolofEconomies,theauthorwantstoshowthat__________.A.theOECD’sapproachisveryfairB.theNobellaureate’sopinion

isnotworthhearingC.theBritishrankingspaymoreattentiontotheforeignstudentsD.differentassessmentmethodsmayleadtodifferentrankingresults

11.TheOECD’srankingsystemwillprobablybewelcomedmostby__________.A.parentswhopayforthechildren’ssecondaryeducationB.t

hefamouscollegesC.thoseambitioussecond-rankinstitutionsD.shoppersintheglobalmarketDNewresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiologica

l(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.Thestudyisthefirsttoa

nalysecircadianbloodpressurerhythms(节奏)infemalemice.Thebody’scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactiv

itiesovera24-hourperiod—contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.Inmosthealthyhumans,bloodpressuredips(下降)a

tnight.Peoplewhodonotexperiencethistemporarydrop,called“non-dippers”,aremorelikelytodevelopheartdisease.Thecircad

ianclockismadeupoffourmainproteins(encodedby“clockgenes”)thatregulateclosetohalfofallgenesinthebody,includingtho

seimportantforbloodpressureregulation.Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourc

lockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease.Aresearchteamstudiedthecircadianresponseandbloodpres

sureoffemalemicethatlackPERIandcomparedthemwithahealthyfemalecontrolgroup.Onbothlow-andhigh-saltdiets,bothgroups“kepta

napparentcircadianrhythm”ofbloodpressure,theresearchersexplained.Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemalesw

ithoutPERIshowednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.TheseresultssuggestthatthelackofPER1actsdifferentlyi

nmalesandfemales.Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage.“Thisstudyrepresentsanimportan

tstepinunderstandingsexdifferencesintheregulationofcardiovascular(心血管的)functionbythecircadianclock,”

theresearcherswrote.12Whatdoesthenewresearchfind?.A.Biologicalclockmayprotectmalesfromheartdisease.B.Biologicalbloodpr

essurerhythmsinfemalemiceactnormally.C.Biologicalclockorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod.D.Agenecontrollingbiologicalclockwor

ksdifferentlybetweensexes.13.Whatrolecancircadianclockplayaccordingtothetext?A.Helpingmalescureheartdisease.B.Helpingbloodpressurevarynormally.

C.Contributingtoabnormalvariationsinbloodpressure.D.Makingupfourmainproteinsregulatingalmosthalfofallgenes.14.ThelackofPRRI_____

_A.hasthesameimpactonmalesandfemalesB.makesnodifferencetomalesCdoesharmtomale’shealthD.ismorelikelytoaffectfemale’

shealth15.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.OneclockgeneisimportantB.WomenmaybenefitfrombodyclockC.Newstudyanalysesbloodpressurerh

ythmsD.Bloodpressureofhealthyhumansdipsatnight第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Envyisanaturalhumanemotio

n,andwewriterssufferfromitconstantly.Butifweallowit,ourenvywilleatusupinsideandturnsomethingweonceloved(writing)intosomethingwehatenow.____16____.He

rearesomepracticalandeffectivestepsyoucanfollow.Remindyourselfwhyyouwrite.Iwritebecauseit’samainaspectofwhoIam.Itsatisfiesmeinaw

aynothingelsedoes.AlthoughI’mgladtocashwhatevercheckspublisherssendmethisisnotmypurpose.____17____.AslongasIremembe

rwhyIwrite,Idon’tfeelenviousofothers.Keepapositivecommentfile..,I’velongkeptablurb(简介)filewhereIlistpositivecommentsrev

iewershavemadeaboutmywork.Iusetheseblurbswhenitcomestimetopromotemywork.IalsoreadoverthemwhenIneedtoremindmyselfthatI’maprettygoodwrite

r.Itakescreenshots(截屏)ofpositivethingspeoplesayaboutmyworkonsocialmedia.____18________19____Youknowwhathappenswhen

youdon’tseepeoplepostingabouttheirwritingsuccessesallthetime?Youknownothingaboutthem.Andifyouknownothingaboutthem,youcan’tbeenvio

usofthem,canyou?Sosometimesleavingthesocialmediaalonemighthelpyoureducethechanceofbeingenvious.Livingyourlifeintherealnotthevirtualworldcanremindyou

thatyourwritingcareerisaboutyou,notaboutanyoneelse.Notfocusonwritingonly.Youshouldbearinmindthattherearem

orethingstoyourlifethanyourwritingcareer.Hopefullyyouhavefriendsandfamilywholoveyou.Spendsometimewiththem.Doyouhaveanyhobbiesthatdon’ti

nvolvewriting,somethingyoudoitsimplybecauseit’sfunandrelaxing?Dothatforawhile.Takeabreakforafewdaysanddon’t

feelguiltyaboutit.____20____A.Cutdownonsocialmedia.B.Paynoattentiontootherssuccesses.C.Usingblurbsmakemef

eelsatisfiedandrelieved.D.AndIlookatthemwhenIneedanemotionalliftaswell.E.Iwritenotforsuchfinancialreward,butforemotionalreward.F.Therefore,howcanwe

learntolivewithitandminimizeitseffects?G.Rechargingyourselfmentallyandemotionallyinturnbenefitsyourwriting.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题：每

小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IwrotemyfirstnovelwhenIwas22.Itwasamess.Ididn’tknowhowtoproperlyorganizedialoguesa

ndstructureaplot(情节).Thosewereall____21____.Iplannedtoworkoutlater.Igavethebooktomyfathertoread,andheleft

meavoicemailinafewdayssayingthatitwas____22____andthatIwasgoingtosellitfor$300,000.____23____,andratherquickly,thebookwas____24___

_byeverypublisherinNewYork.IftherewerealiteraryprizeforMostRejections,Iwouldhavewonit.Iwas____25____:ofcourse,butIknewbetterth

antogiveup—writingwasn’taneasyjob,andifthisbookwasn’tmy____26____in,maybethenextonewouldbe.Igotbacktowork.But

thisscenario(剧情)happenedagain:Iwrotebooks...andthentheywouldn’t____27____.Still,myfather’sfaithinmeneverwavered(动摇),evenifIworkedahostofotherj

obs.Someofthejobs,likebeingabookseller,weregreatand____28____tomywritinglife.Some,likesellingoverpricedjeansto12-year-olds,wereonlyinso

farastheywerematerialforfuture____29____.Andtheywere—becauseitfinally_____30_____.Isoldabook!Iwasgoingtomakeitbig!Ic

ompletelyagreewiththemotivationspeakerandauthorJohnMaxwell’swords:“Successfulandunsuccessfulpeopledonotvarygreatlyintheirab

ilitiesbutintheir_____31_____toreachtheirpotential.”Life’snot_____32_____.Itneverwas,itisn’tnow,anditwon’teverbe

.Butdonotfallintotheentitlementtrapoffeelingyouarea(n)_____33_____.Youarenot.Getoveritand_____34_____withit.Andyes,

mostthingsaremore_____35_____whenyoubreakasweattogetthem.21.A.factsB.messagesC.meaningsD.details22.A.practicalB.complex

C.wonderfulD.puzzling23.A.ButB.InsteadC.ThereforeD.Regardless24.A.rejectedB.acceptedC.abusedD.commended25.A.depressedB.amazedC.frightenedD.pleas

ed26.A.cardB.ticketC.penD.bill27.A.writeB.buyC.workD.sell28.A.unearthedB.taughtC.ledD.contributed29.A.live

sB.decisionsC.storiesD.jobs30.A.happenedB.failedC.madeD.passed31.A.requestB.orderC.recommendationD.desire32.A.sadB.anxiousC.har

dD.easy33.A.athleteB.loserC.ownerD.winner34.A.makeupB.getalongC.giveoutD.passaway35.A.challengeB.demandingC.rewardingD.paying第二节(共10

小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)语法填空BeCarefulontheInternetParentsofboysataSydneyprivateschoolhavebeenurgedtomonitorth

eirsons’useofsocialnetworkingwebsite,withawarning____36____anymistakesmadeinteenageyearscouldbepermanentlyrecordedontheInternet

andcatchupwiththemlaterinlife.Theheadmaster,TimothyWright,wrotetoparentsonThursday,____37____(explain)thatyoungerboysweretooimma

turetofullyunderstandthepossibleconsequencesofdisclosingprivateinformationonsocialnetworkingsites.“Wenowknowthatthosep

artsofthebrain____38____dealwithdecision-makingarestilldevelopinginamaninhis20s,”hesaid.“Butmistakes____39____(commit)

atfifteenmaybestillaccessibletoanemployertenyearslater.”Moderntechnologymeansthatacarelessword,anill

-willedcommentoraninappropriatephotograph,areonpermanentrecordandfreelyavailableto____40____hasaccess

.Stupiditiesthat____41____(forget)immediatelybeforenowlast,spreadanddamageinwaysunknownbeforethisdecade.DrWrightsaidthat____42____wordsspokeninthepla

ygroundcouldbemoreeasilyforgotten,thosecapturedontheInternetoronmobilephonetextmessagescouldhavefarmorelastingandmorehurtfulconsequences.Heurgedparen

tstosetgroundrulesforuseofmobilephonesandtheInternetandinparticulartosetboundariesontakingandsendingima

gesthat____43____beusedtobullyothers.“ParentswhoarepayingfortheInternetservicehaveanunquestionableright____44____(insist

)theyareafriendonsocialnetworkingwebsites.Iwouldcertainlyinsistonthis_____45_____atleasttheendof16ifnotlater,”hewrote.第四部分写作(

共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论人类是否应该进行太空探索。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写封信，反映讨论结果，并提出自己的看法。40%的同学反对：1.浪费金钱，这些钱原本可以解决地球上的饥饿、

贫困等问题；2.可能会污染太空里的环境。60%同学赞成：1.能更好地应对自然灾害；2.可进行地球上无法进行的科学实验。注意：1.词数100词左右；2.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头已为你拟好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：贫困pov

ertyDearEditor,Recentlyourclasshavehadaheateddiscussionaboutwhetheritisworthwhileformankindtoexplorethespace._____________

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________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两

段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ThechainofkindnessTherainwascomingdownsohardthateachdropseemedtoexplodeasithittheroofofthecar.Tomlo

okedoutintothecoal-blacknight,strugglingdesperatelytokeephiscarontheroad.TherainbeatdowncontinuouslyandtheroadwasdesertedexceptforToma

ndhiscar.Tomcouldseehiswheelchairinthebackseatfromtherear-viewmirrorandquicklylookeddownathisthin,brokenlegs.Hecouldfeelafamiliar

waveofdespairstarttowashoverhim.Suddenly,aloudnoiseshookhimoutofhismomentofhopelessnessasthecarbegantobumpdownthe

road.“Great,”hethought,“aflattyre.”Withaheavysigh,Tombroughtthecartoastop,restinghisheadonthesteeringwheel,defeate

d!Afterafewseconds,helookedupandpeeredoutofthewindow.Inthedistance,hecouldseealighttwinklinginthebla

ckness.WhenTomapproachedthehouse,ayounggirlaroundtenyearsoldwasstandinginthedoorway.Hepulledupandrolleddownthewindow.“Areyourpare

ntsathome?”heshoutedoverthewindandrain.“IhaveaflattyreandIneedhelp.”“Waitaminute,”thegirlrepliedandwentintothehouse.Afewminutesla

ter,shereturnedwithanoldman.Thegirlheldhisarmandsmiledlovinglyupathim.Tomexplainedtheproblemtotheoldmanandadded,“Ineedhelpbecau

semylegsareparalyzed.”Thewordscameoutflat.Buthedidnotknowhowelsehecouldconveythefactthatheneededhelpfromthisweakoldmaninthemiddleoftherainstor

m.Theoldmansimplynodded.Theoldmanandthelittlegirlconcentratedontheirworkandtherainwassoakingthem.Onceagain,Tomcouldn’thelpbutfeel

hewasuseless.Soontheoldmansteppedtothewindow.“You’reallset,”hesaid.Tomhandedsomemoneytotheoldman,buthemad

enomovetotakeit.Finally,theyounggirlsaid,“Grandfatherisblind.”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Tomdidnotknowwhattosay._____________________

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________________________________________________Inspiredbythechanceencounter,Tomstartedtoseeeverythingdifferently._______________________

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