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房山区2019-2020学年度第二学期期末检测试卷高一英语本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。第一部分：知识运用(共两

节，45分)第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一．个．适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AOneday,whe

nIwasafreshmaninhighschool,Isawakidfrommyclasswalkinghomefromschool，1(carry)allofhisbooks.Abunchofkidswererunningtowardhim,knockingallhisbooksou

tofhisarmsandmakinghimlandinthedirt.Hisglasseswentflying,andIsawthemlandinthegrassabouttenfeetfromhim.Hel

ookedupandIsawthisterrible2(sad)inhiseyes.So,Iranovertohimand3(hand)himhisglasses.Helookedatmeandsaid,“Heythanks!”Therewasabig

smileonhisface,4wasoneofthosesmilesthatshowedrealgratitude.BMydearestparents,It5(be)quitealongtimesincethelasttimewereallytalked.Iknowyou

areverybusytrying6(earn)aliving,butallIhopeistohavemoreofyourcompany.Thereisalotgoingoninhighschool.Theacademicpressureishugebecausemycour

sesaredifficulttounderstand.So,Iwishyoucouldencouragemetodobetter7Ifailtests.AndIwishtoseeyourbrightestsmilesandapplauseformeifIfinallywin.Best,Ma

ryCThe24solartermsoriginatefromtheYellowRiverbasin.IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,thefoursolartermsofmidspri

ng,midsummer,midautumnandmidwinterwereidentified.The24solartermswere8(full)establishedduringtheQinandHanDynasties,andthey9(record)inthebookofHuaina

nZi.In104BC,theTaichuCalendar10DengPingandotherpeople,formallyrecordedthe24solartermsandmadeclearthe

astronomicalpositionofthe24solarterms.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡

上将该项涂黑。TrueManlinessFredLiscomwasatwelve-year-oldboy.Hismotherwasvery11,buthisfatherwasawayfromhome.Fredwastheperso

ntotakecareofhismother.Oneday,TomBarton,oneofFred’sclassmates,sawhimwitha12inhishand,cleaningthetable.He13thisatschool,andFredreceiv

edthegreeting“Girlboy!”“Fire!fire!”The14spreadoutonenight,andthefirebellsbegantoring.Fredwas15bythealarmandhesawtheredlightstreamin

gintohisroom.He16himselfinamoment,andtappedatthedoorofhismother’sbedroom.“ItisMr.Barton’shouse,Mum.Doletme17.”hesaidineager,excitedtones.Mrs.Lis

comthoughtforamoment.Hewasyoung,butshecould18him.“Yes,youmaygo.”sheanswered:“Butbecareful.Don’tdo19things.

”Fredpromisedtofollowheradvice,and20tothefire.Mr.andMrs.Bartonwerenotathome.Thehousehadbeenleftinchargeoftheservants.Thefire21withfearfuls

peed,fortherewasahighwind,anditwasfoundimpossibletosavethehouse.Theservantsranabout,screamingbutdoingnothingtoanypurpose.FredfoundTomBar

tonoutside.“WhereisKaty?”heasked.Tom,tremblingwith22,seemedtohavehadnothought.Hesaid,“Katyisinthehouse!”“Inwhatroom?”asked

Fred.“Inthatone,”saidTom,pointingtoawindowintheupperstory.Itwasnotimeforwords,butfor23.Thestaircasewasalreadyonfire;therewasbutonew

aytoreachKatywhichwasfullof24.Thesecondfloormightfallatanymoment,andFredknewit.Buthe25soughthelpandguidance.Aladderwasquicklybrought,andplacedagainst

the26.Fredclimbedit,followedbythehiredman,dashedinthewindow,andpushedhiswayintotheroomwherehefoundKatywithsome27.Thepoorgirllaynearl

ysuffocated（窒息）with28.Fredmanagedtocarryhertothewindowasquicklyaspossible,andplacedheruponthesill(窗台).She

wasimmediatelygrasped,and29downtheladder,Fredfollowingasfastaspossible.Theyhadscarcelyreachedtheground

beforeacrashoffallingtimberstoldthemthattheyhadbarelyescapedwiththeirlives.Fredshowedustrue30isinharmonywithgentleness,kin

dness,andselflessness.学校：班级：姓名：考号：（18）（本小题共14分）（19）（本小题共14分）请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效高一数学第2页（共3页）

请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效11.A.beautifulB.kindC.strictD.sick12.A.textbookB.dishclothC.toothbrushD.newspaper13.A.reportedB.fol

lowedC.controlledD.criticized14.A.whistleB.secretC.cryD.fire15.A.wakenedB.savedC.disturbedD.challenged16.A.dressedB.seatedC.absente

dD.enjoyed17.A.apologizeB.explainC.knowD.go18.A.persuadeB.trustC.remindD.respect19.A.boringB.childishC.uselessD.sill

y20.A.hesitatedB.struggledC.hurriedD.prepared21.A.burnedB.spreadC.movedD.disappeared22.A.terrorB.angerC.reliefD.anxiety23.A.confusi

onB.thanksC.regretD.action24.A.turnsB.dangerC.plantsD.furniture25.A.suddenlyB.excitedlyC.slowlyD.calmly26.A.staircaseB.windowC.wallD.door27.A.

difficultyB.uncertaintyC.curiosityD.patience28.A.waterB.illnessC.smokeD.poison29.A.rolledB.carriedC.pushedD.sent30.A.friendlinessB.noblenes

sC.manlinessD.effectiveness第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A4Eco-FriendlyBikestoRi

deThisSummerNowadays,manydriversaresearchingformoreenvironment-friendlywaystogetaroundandarestartingtolookbacktobikes.

Bikesdon’trequiregas.Intermsofconvenience,bikescanbeeasiertoparkandcanhelpridersgettheirdailyexercisein.Companieseverywherear

ebeginningtotakethetraditionalbikeandadaptittopeople’sneeds.Belowareeco-friendlybikestoconsideraddingtoyourmorningride.1.BamboobikesCcyclesproduc

esBambooBikes.Thecompanysourcesbambooandcarbonfiberjointsfortheirbikeframes.Bambooisidealforbikesbecauseitcanabsorbsignificantlymoreshockthancarbonfi

ber.Itisalsoverylightweightcomparedtotraditionalbikematerials,likesteel.Butbambooisincrediblystrongandcantakeontwicethec

ompressionforceassteel.2.CowboyCowoffersCowboy,abikehidesthebatteryinitsframeunderthesaddle.Theremovablebatterytakesabouttwo

andhalfhourstochargeandhasarangeofroughly31miles,butthebestpartistheappfeatures.TheCowboyappgivestravelersarealtimedashboard(仪器板)tocheckoutt

heirspeedanddistance.Ridersneverneedtoworryaboutgettinglostsinceithasnavigationandcanpullupyourroutehistoryf

romyourridestates.Thissmarttechalsogivesridersupdatesaboutthebike’sstatus.TheCowboyhasahightechlockingsy

stemsotheowneristheonlyonewhocanstartupthebike.3.TheFaradayBicycleFaradayebikeshavea250Wmotor,andtheb

atterycanbefullychargedinlessthan4hours.FaradayrecentlypartneredwiththeorganizationOneTreePlantedtohelpreforestCaliforniaafterthestateunderwe

ntseriousdamagefromwildfiresthatdestroyedthousandsofacresoflandinthearea.Thecompanysteppedupanddonated$100fromeverybikes

oldtoplant100trees.4.TheDonkyBikeWilson,whoworksforDonky,createdTheDonkyBike,apracticalcargobike.Thisbikewasdesignedtoeasilycarryacargoloadonthefra

me.Likeanygreatworkhorse,thisbikewasbuiltwithsimplelow-maintenancecomponentsandhasastrong,durableframe.31.Whichbikecanshowyouwhereyouare

?A.Cowboy.B.Bamboobikes.C.TheDonkyBike.D.TheFaradayBicycle.32.IfyouwanttohelpreforestCalifornia,youcanbuyabikefrom.A.

FaradayB.CcyclesC.DonkyD.Cow33.ThebikethatWilsoncreated.A.hasa250WmotorB.carriesacargoontheframeC.islightweightbuts

trongD.hasabatteryunderthesaddleBJourneytotheWestIfyouhaveadream,goforit.MydadtalkedofthejewelinChina

’swesternpart,TibetAutonomousRegion.TibetwasaregionIwantedtoseeanddiscoverbutitsremotenessandmyinabilitytofindtherighttimetogodelayedmyjourney.A

fterafewtalkswithmydad,wedecidedtotakeapauseinourlivesforafewweeksinJuly2019tostartanamazingadventure.West

artedourjourneyonaSaturdaymorningattheGuangzhoutrainstationinsouthChina.Westartedthefirstlegofthejourneyadmiringthemyste

riousmountainsofsouthChina.Thenextdayitchangedquitesuddenlytothedry,waterlesslandscapeofcentral-westChinaaswepassedthroughShanxiandGansuprovin

ces.ThateveningwearrivedatXining,QinghaiProvince,wherewegotontotheXining-Lhasatrain.WeweregreetedonthetrainwithTibetanyogurt.Thetrainsi

gnswerealsowritteninTibetan,thebeautifulhandwritingmatcheditsenvironmentandpeople.ThefollowingafternoonwearrivedinLhasa.Lhasa,

oneofthehighest-altitudecitiesintheworld,isagemhiddenontheQinghai-TibetPlateau.Westartedourtourofthejewelbyexploringthepalaceandwatchinglocalpeo

pledomorningpraysanddancesinthepark.OverlookingtheJokhangTemple,weenjoyedanamazinglybeautifulbreathtakingview,justlik

ewehadbeeninthefairyland.It’sastunning(令人震惊的)goldentempleinthemiddleofoldLhasa,whichwevisitednextbeforewanderingintheoldquartersandBarkhorStree

tintheevening.BarkhorStreetistheidealplacetotrylocalfoodandbuylocalproducts.Thefollowingday,westartedourjourneytotheQomolangmabasecampb

yroadfromLhasa.AlongthewaywestoppedtoadmirethebeautifulYamdrokLake,ahugefreshwaterlakethatisoneofthethreelargestsacredlakes(圣湖)inTibet

.Yaks(牦牛)inblanketsandbellsatthelakemadeforapicturesqueimpressionofperfectcountrysideTibet.Aboutaweeklater,thehighlightcameintheafternoonwhenwear

rivedattheQomolangmabasecamp.Wewerestayinginaguesthousejustnexttothebasecamp.Afterdroppingoffourbackpacks,weheade

dstraightoutsidetoseethemagnificentMtQomolangma.Thereitwas,thetopofthemountainpeekingthroughtheclouds,ast

onishinguswithitsunbelievableheight.Weenjoyedthemountainwavesandsawthebeautifulcloudsseparateduntilthe

sunsetoverthepeak,feelingIwouldhaveregrettedfortherestofmylifeifIhadn’tmadethejourney.34.TheauthorwantedtogotoTibetAuto

nomousRegionbecause.A.hisfatherwantedhimtotravelthereB.hisfatherthoughtitwasworthvisitingC.hewasinterestedinthemysteriousplaceD.hew

antedtogotothefarthestplaceofChina35.Theauthorthoughtthemostexcitingpartofthejourneywasvisiting.A.JokhangTempleB

.BarkhorStreetC.YamdrokLakeD.MtQomolangma36.Theunderlinedword“gem”inthefourthparagraphmeans.A.smartgeniusB.preciou

sstoneC.uniquetempleD.beautifulgrassland37.Theauthorwrotethispassagetotellus.A.beautifulviewsareworthther

iskyoutakeB.ifyouhaveadream,youshouldtrytomakeithappenC.youcanfinallyachieveyourdreamifyouputyourheartonitD.trav

elingtenthousandmilesisbetterthanreadingtenthousandbooksCClimateChangeRequirestheWorld’sAttentionIn2013,a

lotofpeoplewereshockedbyanewsphotoofadeadpolarbearthatwasfoundonNorway’sArcticislandofSvalbard.Accordingtothescientistswhofounditsdeadbodyallthatre

mainedofthepolarbearwas“skinandbones”.Anexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedan

ddied.Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore,soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertof

indfood.ThisalarmingcaseshowedhowtheincreaseintemperaturehadanimpactonEarth’secology.Thenwhatiscausingt

heincreaseintheglobalaveragesurfacetemperature?Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenho

useeffect”,whichhastwocommonmeanings:the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man-made”greenhouseeffect.The“natural”gree

nhouseeffect,whichhelpskeeptheearthwarmenoughforpeople,plantsandanimalstoliveon,referstothefactthath

eatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth’ssurfaceasshort-waveradiation.Theheatisreleasedbackintospaceatlongerwavelengths.Greenhousegasesi

ntheatmosphere,suchasmethane(沼气)andcarbondioxide,trapsomeoftheheat,keepingEarth’sclimatewarmandhabitable.Withoutthisprocess,Earthcouldnots

ustainlife.However,theman-madegreenhouseeffecthasnowbecomeabigproblem.Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextragreenhousegasesbybur

ningfossilfuels,moreheatenergyistrappedintheatmosphereandcausesEarth’ssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.Thereisstrongandcomprehen

siveevidencethattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide,notonlycausings

eriousdamage,butalsocostinghumanlives.Climatescientistshavewarnedthatifwedonottakeappropriateactions,thiswarmingtrendwill

probablycontinueandtherewillbeahigherpricetopay.Infact,newsreportsarefrequentlybroadcastaboutextremerainstormsandheatw

avescausingdeathsandeconomiclosses.Continuedgreenhousegasemissions(排放)willresultinfurtherwarmingandlong-lastingchangestotheg

lobalclimate.Thisrequirestheattentionofpeopleallovertheworld.Governmentsneedtoconsidermakingpoliciesandtakingappropriateactionsandmeasurestore

ducegreenhousegasemissions.Weasindividualscanalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”byrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.Itisou

rresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming,alongwithitscausesandimpacts,becauseitisallo

fusthatsharethisplanet.Sowhatwillyoudotohelp?38.Thedeadpolarbearwasmentionedinthefirstparagraphto?A.showpolar

bearsareendangeredB.raisetheproblemofglobalwarmingC.raisetheawarenessofprotectinganimalsD.warnpeopleofthedama

gecausedbytravelling39.WhatiscausingtheriseofEarth’ssurfacetemperature?A.Methane.B.Carbondioxide.C.Heatfromthesun.D.Man-madeheatenergy.40.Ther

iseofEarth’ssurfacetemperaturemayresultin.A.highercostoflivingB.bettergrowthofplantsC.moreextremeweathereventsD.speedingofanimalreproduc

tion41.Thelastparagraphmainlytellsusthat.A.policiesareimportanttostopcarbondioxideemissionsB.thelong-lastingeffectsofclim

atechangeisveryseriousC.everyoneshouldtakeactiontoreducegreenhousegasemissionsD.itisthegovernments’dutytocontro

ltheprocessofglobalwarmingDAnumberofstudiesshowthatsportsandotherphysicalactivitiescancontributetothede

velopmentofself-esteem(afeelingofprideinoneself).Forexample,Canadianscientistsfoundthatsixth-gradestudentswhoweremorephysical

lyactivehadconsiderablyhigherlevelsofself-esteem.AstudyinSwitzerlandfoundthatteenagerswhotookpartinsportsclubswerehealthier,includingbeingbet

tersociallyadjusted,feelinglessanxious,andgenerallybeinghappierabouttheirlives.SimilarfindingswerereportedinastudyofLatino

students,whereparticipationinschoolsportwasfoundtobegreatlyassociatedwithself-esteem.Thereseemslittledoubtthatpartofthepotency(潜能)ofsportsliesi

ntheirsocialsetting.Therearealotoffactsshowingtheimportanceofsocialconnectedness(关联性)forhealthychildandteenagerdevelopment,andsport

sofferapopularandengagingsettingforsocialinteractions.Involvementinteamsportshasbeenpositivelyassociatedwithsocialacceptanceandasenseofbelonging,es

peciallywheresuchinvolvementischaracterizedbypositivecoaching,progressiveskilldevelopment,andpeersupport.But,th

esocialsettingofsportscanexcludeaswellasinclude.Thereisnowevidencethatboys’andgirls’experiencesofsportsc

anbeverydifferent,andthiscanaffectthecontributiontheycanmaketotheself-esteemofplayers.Peeracceptanceseemstobeanimportantfactorindeterminingt

herelationshipbetweensportparticipationandself-esteem,andgirlscanbeparticularlysensitivetonegativejudgments.Andstudieshavefoundthatmany‘girly

’boysandgirlsbenefitmostfromnon-competitivephysicalactivities.So,anoteofcautionoughttobesoundedincasesportsareconsideredtobeacure.Muchofthel

iteratureonthemostpositivepsychological(心理的)outcomesassociatedwithchildhoodandyouthsportsstresstheabsoluteimportanceofpositiveexperiences

.Itwillsurprisenoonethatbullying,excludingorabuseexperienceswillharm,ratherthansupportthedevelopmentofself-esteem,andwell-beingingeneral.Sadly,itwill

alsonotbeashocktolearnthatmanychildren’sintroductionstosportsarefarfromimprovingthequalityoflife.Thegreatdevelopmenta

lpsychologistJeanPiagetarguedthatthefoundationsofself-esteemwerelaidbetweentheagesofabout6and11yearso

fage.Importantly,thisisalsothetimewhenchildrenaremostlikelytobeintroducedtosports.Weshouldknowtheimportanceofpositiveearlyspo

rtingexperiencesforthedevelopmentofbothself-esteemandon-goingparticipationinsportsandotherphysicalactivit

ies.Teachers,coaches,andparentshavearesponsibilitytoensurethattheseexperiences‘catch’asmanychildrenaspossible,andfort

histohappentheyneedtoremember‘theprinciplesofchilddevelopment’:Childrenarenotmini-adults.Problemsarisewhenadultsforgetthesep

rinciples,andkidthemselvesintothinkingthattheyarecoachingfutureOlympiansorSuperstars.Unluckily,evidencesuggeststhattalentedchildrenaremostlikely

tostandoutwhentheyaregiventimetodevelop,toplay,andtoremainchildren.Childrenarenotminiatureadults,andtheirenjo

ymentofsports(andtheirself-esteem)cansufferwhenadultsforgetthis!42.StudiesinSwitzerlandandLatinoshowedteenagerswhooftenjoininsports.A.bu

ildself-esteemearlierB.havemoregoodexperiencesC.aremoresensitivetojudgmentsD.arehealthierbothphysicallyandmentally43.Ingeneral,theauthor’sa

ttitudetowardtheinfluenceofsportsonteenagersis.A.positiveB.criticalC.uncertainD.tolerant44.Accordingtotheau

thor,whenchildrentakepartinsports,they.A.willbehappierabouttheirlivesB.aremorelikelytobeattractedbycompetiti

vesportsC.shouldbetreatedbycoachesandparentsassuperstarsD.willbuildself-esteemifgivenpositivecommentandsupport45.Whichofthefollowingwouldb

ethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ChildrenShouldTakePartinSportsB.SportsOfferYouaBetterTeenageLifeC.SportsExperie

nceandBuildingSelf-EsteemD.PeopleShouldTreatTeenagersLikeMiniatureAdults第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选

项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TravelIsGoodForYourHealthAmericansarelosingtheirvacationdays,leadingtomorestress,anxietyandothernegat

iveeffectsbecauseofnottakingtimeofffromwork.Infact,areportbyProject:TimeOff,showsU.S.employeestookabout16vacationdaysin2013,downfromabou

t20in2000.Apartfromtakingawayyourselfthechancetoimproveyourproductivityandworkperformance,nottakinga

breakcanleadtooverloadedstressandotherpotentiallydamaging.46Afterall,vacationsofferthechancetorelaxandrestoreyourhealth.

47Youshouldtraveltonewplacesbecausetravelingsomewherenewcanenableyoutoputyourselfinnewsurroundingsandrechargeyourbrainpower.48AccordingtoDr.Margare

tJ.King,thedirectoroftheCenterforCulturalStudies&Analysis,“Therearelotsofpsychologicalbenefitswhenyoutravelfromhomeandwor

kto‘thirdplaces’,notjustexperiencingtheenvironment.Withashortlistofactivitieseachday,freedupfromtheproject

sandrelationships,themindcanreset,asdoesthebody,withstressreliefthemainoutcome.”shesays.Littlesleepmixedwithh

ighstresscanleadtoangerandnegativeconsequencesonyourcognitiveperformanceandefficiency.MaxHirshkowitz,chairmanoftheboardoftheNa

tionalSleepFoundationsaysavacationisagreatopportunitytocatchuponsleep.49“Keepthattime,”hesays.“Makeitanimp

ortantthingyouneed.”Manystudiessuggestthattravelcanimproveouremotionalstate.A2014surveyconductedbyDiamondResor

tsInternationalfoundoverthree-quartersofpeoplesaidfeelinghappierwhentheyplannedatripatleastonceayear.Dr.LeighV

inocur,acertifiedphysicianandspokespersonfortheAmericanCollegeofEmergencyPhysicians,isn’tsurprisedbythefindings.“It’shardtositonabeautif

ulbeachsomewhereandthinkaboutpaperworkordeadlines.Thatiswhyoverthree-quartersofpeopletotheDiamondResortsInternationalsurv

eyreportedfeelinghappierwhentheyregularlyhadavacation.Regularvacationswhiletakingtimeforyourselfandyourfamilylowersyourstresslevel.50,”shesays.Be

sides,studiesshowthatlookingbackonthepleasantvacationmaykeephappinesslongafteryourtrip.A.Theyhavebadeffectsonyourhealth,expertssay.B.Travelin

ghasmanyadvantages,withstressrelieftoppingthelist.C.Travelersmaybemoreactivethansittinginanofficechairallday.D.Travelcanhelpusres

etouremotionsandactuallyincreasecompassion.E.Butsimplytakingsometimefromyourdemandingworkdayscheduleisn’tenough.F.Tofeelmoreenergized,theNSF

recommendsatleastsevenhoursofsleeppernightforadults.G.Italsodecreasestheproductionofallthestresshormonesthatcontributetodamaging

ourhealth.第三部分：书面表达（15分）假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友Peter对科学研究感兴趣，他来信请你介绍一位中国的科学家及其研究成果。请你给他回信，内容包括：1.科学家的姓名;2.科学家的研究成果；3.该研究成果的意

义。注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearPeter,————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

——————————————————————————————————————————Yours,LiHua（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）