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ChristopherColumbus1ChristopherColumbus'fatherwasabusinessman,aweaver.Hismother'sfamilywerealsoweavers.Maybetheyhopedth

atonedayChristopherwouldgointotheweavingbusinesstoo,butChristopherhadideasofhisown.GrowingupintheseaportcityofGenoa,Italy,hehadwat

chedshipscomingandgoingallthetime,andhebegantodreamofsailingoutonagreatadventureofhisown.2Lotsofpeopledreamofadventureswhentheyarechildren,butChris

topherdidn'tjustdream,hedidsomethingaboutit.Heworkedhardtogetwhathewanted.Onethingthathedidearlyinhislif

ewastogetagoodeducation.Hedidn'tgotoschoolforlong,buthecontinuedhiseducationonhisowntobesurethathelearnedthethingsthathewouldneedtok

now.HetaughthimselfLatinandSpanish,sothathecouldcommunicatewithpeoplefromdifferentplaces.Whenhewas14yearsold,hesignedonas

adeckhandonsailingshipstolearnallaboutsailing.3Atthattime,manyshipsweresailingoffonadventures.Someofthemsailede

ast,aroundAfricatoreachwhattheycalledtheIndies,whichincludesthemoderncountriesofIndia,China,andJapan.Columbus,knowingthattheworldwasrou

nd,thoughtthathecouldgettherebysailingwest.Hedidn'tknowthattherewerewholecontinents,NorthandSouthAmerica,andthenthePacificOceaninhisway

!4Thevoyagewestwouldbeanexpensiveone,andColumbus'firstjobwastofindsomeonerichtosponsorhim.Aftermanytries,QueenIsabellaandKingFerdinandofSpaintookani

nterestinhisplan.Columbushadaskedforalot,andmaybehewassurprisedwhentheyagreedtoeverythingheaskedfor;threeships,honorsandtit

les,andapercentoftheprofitfromthetrade.5HisthreeshipswerenamedtheSantaMaria,thePinta,andtheNina.TheSantaMariawasthelargest;itwa

saheavycargoshipwiththreemasts,twosquaresails,onetriangularsail,andanotherlittletopsail.ThePintawassmallerandfaster,thekindofshipcalledac

aravel.TheNinawasacaraveltoo,andthesmallestofthethree.Theshipsweremadeofwoodand,ofcourse,hadnomotors.Someoftheofficershadbunkbeds;someoftheo

thersailorsdidn'tevenhavethat.Theyusedwoodtocooktheirfoodinfireboxesonthedeck.6Columbus,whocalledhimse

lfCristobalColoninSpain,captainedtheSantaMaria.Twobrothers,MartinandVincentePinzon,werethecaptainsofthePintaandtheNina.Altogether,therewereabout9

0menonthethreeshipsthatsetsailinAugustof1492.7Columbuskeptalog,orajournal,thatgivesusinformationabouthisvoyage.Fromhislog,weknowthatt

heysailedby"deadreckoning,"whichwastheirwayofmeasuringtheircourse.Theyusedonlyamagneticcompass,andmeasurementsofdistanceandtime,tokeepthemontrack.The

shipsaveragedaspeedofabout150milesperday,butwhenthewindwasgood,theycouldgotwicethatfast.Whenthewindstopped,theshipssatstilltoo.8Thetripturnedoutto

takemuchlongerthananyoneonboardexpected.Aftermanydaysandnightsatsea,thesailorswerereadytoreturnhome.OnOctober10,Columbustalkedthemintosailingforwa

rdforjustthreemoredays.OnOctober12,theysightedland,andthesamedaytheylanded,notintheIndies,butintheNewWorld.Therest,astheysay,ishistory.